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Ravi Soundararajan, VMware, IncEric Saxe, VMware, Inc
SER1504BU
#VMworld #SER1504BU
Extreme Performance Series:vCenter Performance Deep Dive
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
• This presentation may contain product features that are currently under development.
• This overview of new technology represents no commitment from VMware to deliver these features in any generally available product.
• Features are subject to change, and must not be included in contracts, purchase orders, or sales agreements of any kind.
• Technical feasibility and market demand will affect final delivery.
• Pricing and packaging for any new technologies or features discussed or presented have not been determined.
Disclaimer
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 2
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Our Goals
• Help you understand vCenter architecture
• Help you understand what factors influence vCenter performance
• Help you use this knowledge to guide vCenter deployment
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 3
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
vCenter 6.5: Appliance vs. Windows
• Performance: Appliance at Parity with (or better than) Windows
• Migration tool for Windows to Appliance: 6.0u2m (and 6.5)
CONFIDENTIAL: The information in this presentation is intended to outline our general product direction, and it should not be
relied on in making a purchasing decision. It is for informational purposes only and may not be incorporated into any contract.4
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Cluster, light Cluster, heavy Datacenter, light Datacenter, heavy Datacenter, heavy (Windowsmodified settings)
Normalized vCenter throughput benchmark operations per minute
Windows Appliance
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
vCenter 6.5: Appliance vs. Windows
• Performance: Appliance at Parity with (or better than) Windows
• Migration tool for Windows to Appliance: 6.0u2m (and 6.5)
• https://blogs.vmware.com/performance/2017/04/vcenter-6-5-performance-what-does-6x-mean.html
CONFIDENTIAL: The information in this presentation is intended to outline our general product direction, and it should not be
relied on in making a purchasing decision. It is for informational purposes only and may not be incorporated into any contract.5
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Cluster, light Cluster, heavy Datacenter, light Datacenter, heavy Datacenter, heavy (Windowsmodified settings)
Normalized vCenter throughput benchmark operations per minute
Windows Appliance
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Agenda
1 vCenter and Web Client Deep Dive
2 Multi-Node Deployment Strategies
3 Performance Considerations
4 Concluding Remarks
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 6
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
10,000 foot view of vCenter
7
UI clients
API clientsvpxd DB
vCenter server
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
vCenter: Under the Hood (We Will Dissect This…)
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 8
VPXD
DB
vsphere-client
Web Browser
AD
vCenter server
DIRECTORY SERVICE
SSO
(idmd,stsd,etc.)
vSphere hosts
vpxd-svcs vmware-sps
Dataservice
perfcharts
eam
vmon,
rhttpproxy,health,
content library,
licensing …
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Single Node Deployments: Embedded DB (Windows, Appliance)
9
VPXD
DB
vsphere-client
AD
vCenter server
DIRECTORY SERVICE
SSO
(idmd,stsd,etc.)
vpxd-svcs
Dataservice
perfcharts
vmon,
rhttpproxy,health,
content library,
licensing …
CONFIDENTIAL: The information in this presentation is intended to outline our general product direction, and it should not be relied on in
making a purchasing decision. It is for informational purposes only and may not be incorporated into any contract.: :
Web Browser
vSphere hosts
PerfchartsOverview chartsRealtime: vpxdHistorical: DB
2015: vpxd-svcs = invsvcKV store frontend to VCDB TaggingAuthorization
(e.g., content library)
Directory ServiceRoles/PrivilegesLicensesTags
ESX1ESX2
vmware-spsVMworld 2017 Content: N
ot for publicatio
n or distribution
Deep Dive: VC + Extensions
10
VPXD
DB
vsphere-client
Web Browser
AD
vCenter server
DIRECTORY SERVICE
SSO
(idmd,stsd,etc.)
vSphere hosts
vpxd-svcs vmware-sps
Dataservice
perfcharts
NSX Manager
Plugin installed inside vsphere-client
NSX uses EAM for vibs
eam
vmon,
rhttpproxy,health,
content library,
licensing …
CONFIDENTIAL: The information in this presentation is intended to outline our general product direction, and it should not be relied on in
making a purchasing decision. It is for informational purposes only and may not be incorporated into any contract.: :
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Host Operation 101
11
Client vCenter ESXi hosts
CreateVM
ReserveName
Provision VM
Host Sync “GetChanges”
Host Sync Response
DB
DONE
Storage, etc.
Vpxa/hostd
ROBO viable: http://www.vmware.com/resources/techresources/10165Minimize VC-to-DB latency
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Agenda
1 vCenter and Web Client Deep Dive
2 Multi-Node Deployment Strategies
3 Performance Considerations
4 Concluding Remarks
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 12
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Multiple vCenters: Terminology
• vCenter node
– Management Node
– vCenter minus licensing service, directory service, and SSO
• PSC node
– Licensing service
– Directory service (stores licenses, tags, roles/privileges)
– SSO
13#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
vCenter node vs. PSC node
14
VPXD
DB
vsphere-client
AD
vCenter node
SSO
(idmd,stsd,etc.)
vpxd-svcs vmware-sps
Dataservice
perfcharts
eam
PSC node
DIRECTORY SERVICE
vmon,
rhttpproxy,health,
content library…
Licensing
CONFIDENTIAL: The information in this presentation is intended to outline our general product direction, and it should not be relied on in
making a purchasing decision. It is for informational purposes only and may not be incorporated into any contract.: :
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Hypothetical Configuration Showing Sharing
• Single Domain, single site
• PSC node allows VCs to share
– Roles/Privileges
– Licenses
– Tags
CONFIDENTIAL: The information in this presentation is intended to outline our general product direction, and it should not be
relied on in making a purchasing decision. It is for informational purposes only and may not be incorporated into any contract.15
VC1 VC2 VC3
PSC1
Directory
SSO
vsphere-
client
vsphere-
client
vsphere-
client
Web Browser
Tags
Tag associationsin VCDB
Tag associationsin VCDB
Tag associationsin VCDB
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
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Single Site, PSC-HA configuration
• 6.0: <10ms between nodes
• 6.5: <30ms between nodes
• External LB for failover
• Embedded to External? Manual repointing required
CONFIDENTIAL: The information in this presentation is intended to outline our general product direction, and it should not be
relied on in making a purchasing decision. It is for informational purposes only and may not be incorporated into any contract.16
VC1 VC2 VC3
PSC1 PSC2Replication
External Load Balancer for PSC Failover
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Single Site, PSC-HA configuration, Search
CONFIDENTIAL: The information in this presentation is intended to outline our general product direction, and it should not be
relied on in making a purchasing decision. It is for informational purposes only and may not be incorporated into any contract.17
VC1 VC2 VC3
PSC1 PSC2Replication
Web Browser
Tag: DSL” Tag: DSL”
dsl-n-2001, …” dsl-0508, … dsl-hugeHeap-1,…
SEARCH FOR “DSL”
External Load Balancer for PSC Failover
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Multi-Site
• Use when high latency between VCs or PSCs (e.g., > 10ms in 6.0; > 30ms in 6.5)
– 6.0/6.5: < 100ms between sites recommended
18
VC1 VC2 VC3
PSC
1
PSC
2
Replication and Failover
VC1 VC2 VC3
PSC
1
PSC
2
Replication and Failover
ReplicationNO FAILOVER
Site 1 Site 2
CONFIDENTIAL: The information in this presentation is intended to outline our general product direction, and it should not be relied on in
making a purchasing decision. It is for informational purposes only and may not be incorporated into any contract.: :
External Load Balancer for PSC Failover External Load Balancer for PSC Failover
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
External Load Balancer for PSC Failover
Multi-Site, Search for “new”
• Roles, Privileges, Tags, Licenses replicated
• No repointing across sites
• No failover
CONFIDENTIAL: The information in this presentation is intended to outline our general product direction, and it should not be
relied on in making a purchasing decision. It is for informational purposes only and may not be incorporated into any contract.19
VC1 VC2 VC3
PSC
1
PSC
2
Replication and Failover
VC1 VC2 VC3
PSC
1
PSC
2
Replication and Failover
ReplicationNO FAILOVER
Site 1 Site 2Web
Client
External Load Balancer for PSC Failover
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Agenda
1 vCenter and Web Client Deep Dive
2 Multi-Node Deployment Strategies
3 Performance Considerations
4 Concluding Remarks
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 20
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Performance Considerations and Best Practices
• Concurrency: How many concurrent ops can I really do?
• CPU and Memory
• DB Performance Monitoring
• UI Performance
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 21
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Performance Considerations and Best Practices
• Concurrency: How many concurrent ops can I really do?
• CPU and Memory
• DB Performance Monitoring
• UI Performance
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 22
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
How Many Concurrent Operations Can I Perform?
• vCenter hard limits
– 640 concurrent operations before incoming requests are queued
– 2000 concurrent sessions (incoming requests plus remote console sessions)
• Per-host limits (ESX6.0+)
– Max cost per host: 16
– Host cost per clone/relocate/vMotion: 2
– Host cost per Storage vMotion: 8
– Host cost per linked clone: 1 [requires pre-existing snapshot]
– Cloning powered-on VM: VC takes snapshot first
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 23
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
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vCenter Concurrency
• Clone VM from host A to host B • Clone VM from host A to host A
24
vCenter
Host A
VM 1
Host B
VM 2
Cost to A: 2 Cost to B: 2
vCenter
Host A
VM 1 VM 2
Cost to A: 4
Do not use a single host as the source of all clones (i.e., spread out templates)
Better disk performance and better concurrency
A
B
A
BFree Slots Free Slots
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
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How Many Concurrent Operations Can I Perform?
• Per-datastore limits
– Max cost per datastore: 128
– Datastore cost per vMotion: 1
– Datastore cost per Storage vMotion: 16
• Per-NIC limits
– Max cost per 1Gb NIC: 4
– Max cost per 10Gb NIC: 8
– Network cost per vMotion: 1
Best practice: vMotion NIC (portgroup) and vSphere Provisioning NIC (portgroup)
• Limits can be changed, but changes are not officially supported
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 25
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Performance Considerations and Best Practices
• Concurrency: How many concurrent ops can I really do?
• CPU and Memory
• DB Performance Monitoring
• UI Performance
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 26
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
CPU/Memory Notes
• VC CPU Rule of thumb: typically does not exceed 70% on average
– Peaks are OK, but consistently > 70% is usually not OK
– If vCenter Server CPU is over 70%...
• Check which process (vpxd, vsphere-client, etc.)
• If vpxd, consider may need more CPU
• If Java services, may need more memory (GC activity)
• May need to examine plugins/extensions/custom API code talking to vCenter
• Memory rule of thumb: do not exceed 70% on average
– If memory is 70%, you may need more memory
– Avoid swapping of vCenter server
– If running VC in a VM, set reservation = VM size
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 27
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
VCSA: Appliance Management Interface (CPU view)
https://<vCenter IP>:5480 “CPU and Memory”
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 28
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
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Windows VC: TaskManager
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 29
VDCS:pid20744
? pid 7228
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Windows VC: ProcessExplorer (1/2)
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 30
pid7228
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Windows VC: ProcessExplorer…name of service
31
Command line view for pid 7244:invsc = Inventory Service (vCenter 6.0)
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
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VCSA: vimtop (type “vimtop” on command line)
32
Enable troubleshooting modeEnable ssh
CPU: 100%: 1 core200%: 2 cores
MEM: currently allocated
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
API Calls and Tasks: 6.0
• (6.5 also has it, but under ‘Monitor’)
33#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
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API Calls and Tasks – More Details: Profiler Log
• Profiler log
• Appliance: /var/log/vmware/vpxd/vpxd-profiler-<NNN>.log
• Windows: C:/ProgramData/VMware/vCenterServer/logs/vmware-vpx/vpxd-profiler-<NNN>.log
• Number of sessions
• --> /SessionStats/SessionPool/NumSessions/total 73
• Running out of sessions to vCenter:
– NumSessions 2000
– Vpxd.log: “Out of HTTP sessions: reached the limit of 2000 sessions”
34#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
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API Calls and Tasks – More Details: Profiler Log
• Profiler log
• Appliance: /var/log/vmware/vpxd/vpxd-profiler-<NNN>.log
• Windows: C:/ProgramData/VMware/vCenterServer/logs/vmware-vpx/vpxd-profiler-<NNN>.log
• Number of sessions
• --> /SessionStats/SessionPool/NumSessions/total 73
• Mapping of SessionID to Username and IP address of client
• --> /SessionStats/SessionPool/Session/Id='5275dfb0-cc10-38d2-6a44-
04ea824193c0'/Username='VSPHERE.LOCAL\vra'/ClientIP='10.153.10.53'/HttpSession
Object/Hidden/total 0
35#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
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API Calls and Tasks – More Details
• Anatomy of a vpxd.log message in vCenter: SessionID
– Appliance: /var/log/vmware/vpxd/vpxd.log
– Windows: C:/ProgramData/VMware/vCenterServer/logs/vmware-vpx/vpxd.log
– SessionID: (maps to vRA session from previous slide)
– 2017-08-01T14:27:05.200-07:00 info vpxd[17208] [Originator@6876 sub=vpxLro
opID=28e69da] [VpxLRO] -- BEGIN task-internal-5280 -- EventManager --
vim.event.EventManager.QueryEvent -- 5275dfb0-cc10-38d2-6a44-
04ea824193c0(52b4aeed-eacb-3aa1-2177-8efbd21e57eb)
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 36
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
API Calls and Tasks – More Details
• Anatomy of a vpxd.log message in vCenter: API Call
– Appliance: /var/log/vmware/vpxd/vpxd.log
– Windows: C:/ProgramData/VMware/vCenterServer/logs/vmware-vpx/vpxd.log
– API call: (maps to vRA session from previous slide)
– 2017-08-01T14:27:05.200-07:00 info vpxd[17208] [Originator@6876 sub=vpxLro
opID=28e69da] [VpxLRO] -- BEGIN task-internal-5280 -- EventManager --
vim.event.EventManager.QueryEvent -- 5275dfb0-cc10-38d2-6a44-
04ea824193c0(52b4aeed-eacb-3aa1-2177-8efbd21e57eb)
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 37
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Performance Considerations and Best Practices
• Concurrency: How many concurrent ops can I really do?
• CPU and Memory
• DB Performance Monitoring
• UI Performance
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 38
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
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DB Tasks
• Stats rollups, top-10 calculations
• Host syncs
• Stats queries
• Events/Tasks
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 39
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
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DB Notes and Best Practices
• Database is write-intensive
– Database log (dblog), Database (db), and stats (SEAT) are write-intensive
– Put DB partitions on SSD
• Slow API calls (e.g., stats queries, query events)
– Check DB Resources (CPU/Memory/Disk)
– Check DB space
• Use VC alarm to avoid running out of space
– Use VAMI to see DB utilization
– Reduce Event/Task retention time if possible
– Reduce stats lower stats level if possible
– Truncate tables (with GSS support) if necessary
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 40
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
DB Monitoring: Appliance Management (Utilization View)
41
Transaction log, events, stats largest consumers of space
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
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r publication or distri
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DB Appliance Disk Usage from Command Line
42#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
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DB Space Utilization Alarm (New in 6.5)
43
Warning: 80%; Stop vpxd at 95%.
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
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Service Status (DB)
44
Make sure rollups are occurring
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
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bution
DB Space Breakdown Events: UI View
45
PowerCLI: Get-VIEvent
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
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Events using SQL
46
Appliance instructions:1. ssh2. /opt/vmware/vpostgres/current/bin/psql –U postgres –d VCDB3. same queries as above
100M rows or more: may impact query performance
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
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Impact of Changing Stats Level on DB/NW Traffic
• Sample hardware setup
• Number of stats collected per stats level
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 47
Hardware VM 1 VM 2 ESX Host (6.0u2)
CPUs 2 2 48 (logical)
Local/Remote Disks 11 1 13
Datastores 1 1 9
NICs 1 1 3
Stats Level VM 1 VM 2 ESX Host
1 67 34 223
2 231 148 858
3 263 184 1779
4 348 196 1967
4x(storage/nw)
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
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Windows MS-SQL Performance Deep Dive: SQL Profiler
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 48
SQL Profiler shows high number of reads and high CPU UsageVMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
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DB Profiling in Postgres
• /opt/vmware/vpostgres/current/bin/pg_top –U postgres –d VCDB
• DECLARE CURSOR: usually stats query
– ‘Q’ and PID to see query
– ‘R’ to see stats (reads/writes/inserts)
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 49
autovacuum: does DB maintenance
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DB Performance: Log analysis
• Vpxd log diagnosis:
– “[VdbStatement] Execution elapsed time: …” and “SQL execution took too long”
– Occasional 3-4s OK (often for TOP_N, Rollups)
– Extremely frequent 3-4s: may want to check resources (IO, CPU, mem)
– 10s or more: usually BAD
• Slow historical queries?
– Purge DB tables; lower retention policy; lower stats level
– Recompute stats on DB tables
– DBLog, DB partition, and SEAT tables on robust storage (e.g., 3K IOPs)
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 50
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
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Performance Considerations and Best Practices
• Concurrency: How many concurrent ops can I really do?
• CPU and Memory Investigation
• DB Performance Monitoring
• UI Performance
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 51
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UI Performance
• Ensure proper heap size
– Multiple vCenters with Enhanced Linked Mode
– Multiple clients
– Large Inventories
• Load Certificates into Browser
• Memory/CPU of machine running web browser
• Network connection from browser to vCenter
• Network between vCenter and extension server
52#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
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UI: Heap Issues
• CPU consistently high? Consider increased heap size
vimtop
53
cloudvm-ram-size -l
Changing heap size: cloudvm-ram-size –C <value in MB> <name of service>Windows Path: C:\Program Files\VMware\vCenter Server\visl-integration\usr\sbin
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
bution
Agenda
1 vCenter and Web Client Deep Dive
2 Multi-Node Deployment Strategies
3 Performance Considerations
4 Concluding Remarks
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 54
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
r publication or distri
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Concluding Remarks
• vCenter Appliance meets or exceeds Windows vCenter performance
• For best performance, vCenter needs sufficient resources
– CPU: scales with inventory size and churn
– Memory: scales with inventory size
– IO: scales with inventory size, churn, and stats level
– Network: low-latency between VC and DB and between M/N nodes recommended
• vCenter Appliance has rich set of debugging tools
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 55
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Extreme Performance Series – Las Vegas
• SER2724BU Performance Best Practices
• SER2723BU Benchmarking 101
• SER2343BU vSphere Compute & Memory Schedulers
• SER1504BU vCenter Performance Deep Dive
• SER2734BU Byte Addressable Non-Volatile Memory in vSphere
• SER2849BU Predictive DRS – Performance & Best Practices
• SER1494BU Encrypted vMotion Architecture, Performance, & Futures
• STO1515BU vSAN Performance Troubleshooting
• VIRT1445BU Fast Virtualized Hadoop and Spark on All-Flash Disks
• VIRT1397BU Optimize & Increase Performance Using VMware NSX
• VIRT2550BU Reducing Latency in Enterprise Applications with VMware NSX
• VIRT1052BU Monster VM Database Performance
• VIRT1983BU Cycle Stealing from the VDI Estate for Financial Modeling
• VIRT1997BU Machine Learning and Deep Learning on VMware vSphere
• FUT2020BU Wringing Max Perf from vSphere for Extremely Demanding Workloads
• FUT2761BU Sharing High Performance Interconnects across Multiple VMs
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 56
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
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Extreme Performance Series - Hand on Labs
Don’t miss these popular Extreme Performance labs:
• HOL-1804-01-SDC: vSphere 6.5 Performance Diagnostics & Benchmarking
– Each module dives deep into vSphere performance best practices, diagnostics, and optimizations using various interfaces and benchmarking tools.
• HOL-1804-02-CHG: vSphere Challenge Lab
– Each module places you in a different fictional scenario to fix common vSphere operational and performance problems.
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 57
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
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Performance Survey
#SER1504BU CONFIDENTIAL 58
The VMware Performance Engineeringteam is always looking for feedback about your experience with theperformance of our products, ourvarious tools, interfaces and wherewe can improve.
Scan this QR code to access ashort survey and provide us directfeedback.
Alternatively: www.vmware.com/go/perf
Thank you!
VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
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VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
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VMworld 2017 Content: Not fo
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