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Seminário Tecnicelpa Biorrefinaria na indústria de pasta e papel: novos produtos e aplicações Bio etanol celulósico RAIZ Alexandre Gaspar [email protected] 23 novembro 2018

Seminário Tecnicelpa Biorrefinaria na indústria de pasta e

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Seminário Tecnicelpa

Biorrefinaria na indústria de pasta e

papel: novos produtos e aplicações

Bio etanol celulósico

RAIZ

Alexandre Gaspar [email protected]

23 novembro 2018

Bio Ethanol

“Market / Trends & Driving Forces”

Bio ethanol is already a commodity

World Production / Market Value

≈ 105 billions L (2013) - 70 billions € / year

≈ 130 billions L (2022) - 100 billions € / year

Europe Production / Market Value

≈ 8 billions L (2013) - 4,4 billions € / year

≈ 14 billions L (2022) - 9,8 billions € / year

Market Evolution (bln L/year):

Source: OECD/FAO (2018), “OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook (2018-2027)”, OECD Agriculture statistics (database),

Bio ethanol is already a commodity

4

Bio ethanol production and consumption in 2022

Source: OECD/FAO (2016), “OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook”, OECD Agriculture statistics (database),

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr-outl-data-en.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933382047

Bio ethanol is already a commodity

Pushed by geographical

conflicts and social tensions:

Political orientation

strategy

Market pulled: New businesses

profit opportunities

Advanced bio fuels timeline

Advanced bio fuels timeline

Abandoned hydrolysis plant in

Russia. Arkhangelsk

Cellulosic Biofuels & WW II

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4535/8bdf54cc35572aec94358b1f854f843a6dee.pdf

https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/abandoned-hydrolysis-plant-russia-arkhangelsk-411707908?src=HdP4u-Mf_N-_jA2hLFCoIg-1-49

Location of the main ethanol & furfural hydrolysis plants in the former Soviet Union (1930 – 1960)

Advanced bio fuels timeline

1st vehicles running on bio ethanol – 1920 – Brazil

The oil crisis during the 70s boost the bio ethanol industry at Brazil

Nowadays, millions cars run on bioethanol or ethanol/ gasoline blends world wide

Cellulosic Ethanol & the 70’s Oil Crisis

Advanced bio fuels timeline

Plus then 160 models

More than 40 millions cars can already be fueled just with

bioethanol

Worldwide gasoline engines can use bioethanol – gasoline blends up to 15%:

EUA – E15 and E85; Brasil E20 – E22; UE – up to E15

Bio ethanol & light vehicles

Advanced bio fuels timeline

Source: Universidade Campinas

Advanced bio fuels timeline

Bio ethanol & light vehicles

11

Law Decree 1172010 – “2,5% in energetic content at gasoline, (2015 – 2020).”

Mandatory incorporation of bio ethanol in gasoline at 2015

Bio ethanol consumption at Portugal

Source: General Direction of energy and Geology; Quick Stats- nº 129 – July 2015

Bio ethanol at Portugal

Incorporated Bio Ethanol Biodiesel directly supplied to the market

12

2015 – 2016 bio ethanol incorporation done trough ETBE ethyl-terc-butylic ether, produced by Repsol (Sines), for the Iberian market.

ETBE is produced with bio ethanol (imported from Spain) and isobutylene (petrochemical refining sub product).

Note: biogasoline includes the incorporated bio ethanol and the renewable fraction of bio ETBE

Mandatory incorporation of bio ethanol in gasoline at 2015

Source: General Direction of energy and Geology; Quick Stats- nº 154 – August 2017

Biodiesel Production

Incorporated Biodiesel

Incorporated Biogasoline

Bio ethanol at Portugal

Biofuels Consumption at Portugal

Cellulosic biofuels & policies

RED II – EU Renewable energy directive (2020 – 2030)

Cellulosic Bio Ethanol

“Industrial reality”

15

BIO ETHANOL – PRODUCTION PROCESSES

Cellulosic Bio Ethanol

Extraction Trough Pressure or Diffusion

Fermentable Sugar Syrups

Grinding

Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Deconstruction

Acidic or Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Fermentation

Distillation

Sugary Biomass (sugar cane, beet, carob)

Starchy Biomass (corn, wheat, manioc)

Cellulosic Biomass (forest, farming, urban and

industrial residues)

BIO ETHANOL

Biomass can be agricultural of forest based

Cellulosic Bio Ethanol

17

Cellulosic Bio Ethanol

P&P mill - Bali process

Capacity: 20 million L/y

Localization: Norway

Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality

https://www.foodsofnorway.net/key-research/the-story/node/21449

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Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality

P&P mill

Capacity: 20 million L/y

Localization: Sweden

http://www.northsweden.eu/media/94662/w2w_cengstrom.pdf

20

Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality

Former paper mill site

Capacity: 10 million L/y

Localization: Finland

Energy & utilities Enzymes Yeast

Pretreatment Hydrolysis Fermentation Distillation & Dehydration

Other Products: • Lignin; • Syrup; • Turpentine; • Furfural; • CO2; • Biogas

Waste Water • Process waste water

ETHANOL

Ethanol 100% Saw Dust / Chips

21

Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality

Capacity: 75 million L/y

Localization: USA

https://www.novacana.com/n/etanol/2-geracao-celulose/usina-e2g-raizen-capacidade-maxima-2019-20-190318/

JV Shell - Cosan

Capacity: 40 million L/y

Localization: Brazil

http://www.ceisebr.com/conteudo/etanol-de-2-geracao-dribla-problemas-tecnicos-e-passa-a-ser-competitivo.html

Cellulosic Bio Ethanol – Industrial Reality

BIOFUELS BAROMETER – EUROBSERV’ER – JULY 2015

Capacity: 80 million L/y

Localization: Italy

Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality

24

Capacity: 5 million L/y

Localization: Denmark

Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality

25

Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality

Chamtor Wheat Transformation

BioDémo Industrial demonstration

Cristal Union Sugar producer

Procéthol 2G FUTUROL Project- Cellulosic Ethanol

ARD – Research center Soliance – Cosmetic

ingredients

Cristanol 1st generation

Ethanol

Bazancourt - Pomacle Biorefinery

Key figures :

1 100 direct jobs

700 indirect jobs

26

Capacity: 80 millions L / year

Location: Brazil - Alagoas

Operator: GranBio

Raw Material: straw and sugarcane bagasse

Start up: September 2014

Investment: 200 M€

Capacity: 30 millions L /year

Location: USA - Florida

Operator: INEOS Bio

Raw Material: gardens and agricultural waste

Start up: 2013

Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality

27

Capacity: 115 millions L / year

Location: EUA – Iowa

Operator: DuPont Cellulosic Ethanol

Raw Material: corn cellulosic straws

Start up: 2nd semester 2014

Capacity: 95 millions L / year

Location: EUA - Kansas

Operator: Abengoa (Spain)

Raw Material: farming cellulosic residues and energy cultures

Start up: October 2014

Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality

28

Microbial Biotechnology, Biofuels 2020: Biorefineries based on lignocellulosic materials,, Miguel Valdivia, July 2016.

Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality

CAPEX distribution

29

Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality

Cellulosic bio ethanol

“From eucalyptus residues”

Advanced Biofuels - Forest Biomass

Forest and agricultural cellulosic biomass can replace fossil based fuels, plastics and

chemicals

Renewable energy world magazine; Volume 19; issue 1; Jan / Feb 2016; pag 77

Biomass for Cellulosic Fuels

Leafs

Branches

Tops

Log

Stump

Root

P&P industry uses the tree log but a significant part remains at the forest

Manejo de resíduos florestais, José Carlos Júnior, PTSM, Encontro Brasileiro de Silvicultura 2008

33

Part of the residual forest biomass is collected and burned for energy production

Biomass for Cellulosic Fuels

Pulp mill wood yard process residues (bark, saw dust, chips out of specification)

Biomass for Cellulosic Fuels

Fines Saw dust Bark Tree branches

Willow Acacia Miscanthus Eucalyptus energetic

crops

Arundo donax

Forest and pulp´s mill yard biomass residues + energetic crops

Forest biomass

Cellulosic bio ethanol

“Process”

37

Biomass Deconstruction

Enzymatic Hydrolysis

Fermentation Distillation

Mature

Technology

Mature Technology

Consolidated technologies and currently being optimized:

• Increase of yield/ efficacy of enzymes

• Necessary to adapt to different kinds of biomass

Several developed and tested technologies

• Necessary to adapt to different kinds of biomass

Technology assessment

38

Biomass deconstruction: technology assessment

Being the deconstruction step the less mature technology, throughout the last years

several concepts were tested at NVG / RAIZ .

Deconstructed biomass (pulps) for Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Lignin Recovery

Kraft

Biomass Hydrolysis

Lignin Precipitation

Steam Explosion (STEX) Organosolv Hidrotermic

Sugar Syrups +

Lignin

Pre-treatment / deconstruction

39

Different pre-treatments produce different hydrolysates and inhibitors.

Biomass deconstruction: technology assessment

40

Hydrolysis: technology assessment

Enzymatic hydrolysis

41

Fermentation: technology assessment

Biofuel Research Journal 7 (2015) 268-280

Separate Hydrolysis & Fermentation (SHF); Simultaneous Saccharification & Fermentation (SSF)

Simultaneous Saccharification & Co-Fermentation (SSCF); Consolidated Bioprocessing (CBP)

42

Bioethanol: for gasoline blends and beyond

Bio refinery: already a business opportunity

Chemical industry is taking it seriously Global known brands are

taking advantages & don’t

want to miss the train

Alexandre Gaspar

[email protected]