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Seminário Tecnicelpa
Biorrefinaria na indústria de pasta e
papel: novos produtos e aplicações
Bio etanol celulósico
RAIZ
Alexandre Gaspar [email protected]
23 novembro 2018
Bio ethanol is already a commodity
World Production / Market Value
≈ 105 billions L (2013) - 70 billions € / year
≈ 130 billions L (2022) - 100 billions € / year
Europe Production / Market Value
≈ 8 billions L (2013) - 4,4 billions € / year
≈ 14 billions L (2022) - 9,8 billions € / year
Market Evolution (bln L/year):
Source: OECD/FAO (2018), “OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook (2018-2027)”, OECD Agriculture statistics (database),
4
Bio ethanol production and consumption in 2022
Source: OECD/FAO (2016), “OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook”, OECD Agriculture statistics (database),
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/agr-outl-data-en.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/888933382047
Bio ethanol is already a commodity
Pushed by geographical
conflicts and social tensions:
Political orientation
strategy
Market pulled: New businesses
profit opportunities
Advanced bio fuels timeline
Abandoned hydrolysis plant in
Russia. Arkhangelsk
Cellulosic Biofuels & WW II
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4535/8bdf54cc35572aec94358b1f854f843a6dee.pdf
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/abandoned-hydrolysis-plant-russia-arkhangelsk-411707908?src=HdP4u-Mf_N-_jA2hLFCoIg-1-49
Location of the main ethanol & furfural hydrolysis plants in the former Soviet Union (1930 – 1960)
Advanced bio fuels timeline
1st vehicles running on bio ethanol – 1920 – Brazil
The oil crisis during the 70s boost the bio ethanol industry at Brazil
Nowadays, millions cars run on bioethanol or ethanol/ gasoline blends world wide
Cellulosic Ethanol & the 70’s Oil Crisis
Advanced bio fuels timeline
Plus then 160 models
More than 40 millions cars can already be fueled just with
bioethanol
Worldwide gasoline engines can use bioethanol – gasoline blends up to 15%:
EUA – E15 and E85; Brasil E20 – E22; UE – up to E15
Bio ethanol & light vehicles
Advanced bio fuels timeline
11
Law Decree 1172010 – “2,5% in energetic content at gasoline, (2015 – 2020).”
Mandatory incorporation of bio ethanol in gasoline at 2015
Bio ethanol consumption at Portugal
Source: General Direction of energy and Geology; Quick Stats- nº 129 – July 2015
Bio ethanol at Portugal
Incorporated Bio Ethanol Biodiesel directly supplied to the market
12
2015 – 2016 bio ethanol incorporation done trough ETBE ethyl-terc-butylic ether, produced by Repsol (Sines), for the Iberian market.
ETBE is produced with bio ethanol (imported from Spain) and isobutylene (petrochemical refining sub product).
Note: biogasoline includes the incorporated bio ethanol and the renewable fraction of bio ETBE
Mandatory incorporation of bio ethanol in gasoline at 2015
Source: General Direction of energy and Geology; Quick Stats- nº 154 – August 2017
Biodiesel Production
Incorporated Biodiesel
Incorporated Biogasoline
Bio ethanol at Portugal
Biofuels Consumption at Portugal
15
BIO ETHANOL – PRODUCTION PROCESSES
Cellulosic Bio Ethanol
Extraction Trough Pressure or Diffusion
Fermentable Sugar Syrups
Grinding
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Deconstruction
Acidic or Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Fermentation
Distillation
Sugary Biomass (sugar cane, beet, carob)
Starchy Biomass (corn, wheat, manioc)
Cellulosic Biomass (forest, farming, urban and
industrial residues)
BIO ETHANOL
P&P mill - Bali process
Capacity: 20 million L/y
Localization: Norway
Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality
https://www.foodsofnorway.net/key-research/the-story/node/21449
19
Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality
P&P mill
Capacity: 20 million L/y
Localization: Sweden
http://www.northsweden.eu/media/94662/w2w_cengstrom.pdf
20
Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality
Former paper mill site
Capacity: 10 million L/y
Localization: Finland
Energy & utilities Enzymes Yeast
Pretreatment Hydrolysis Fermentation Distillation & Dehydration
Other Products: • Lignin; • Syrup; • Turpentine; • Furfural; • CO2; • Biogas
Waste Water • Process waste water
ETHANOL
Ethanol 100% Saw Dust / Chips
https://www.novacana.com/n/etanol/2-geracao-celulose/usina-e2g-raizen-capacidade-maxima-2019-20-190318/
JV Shell - Cosan
Capacity: 40 million L/y
Localization: Brazil
http://www.ceisebr.com/conteudo/etanol-de-2-geracao-dribla-problemas-tecnicos-e-passa-a-ser-competitivo.html
Cellulosic Bio Ethanol – Industrial Reality
BIOFUELS BAROMETER – EUROBSERV’ER – JULY 2015
Capacity: 80 million L/y
Localization: Italy
Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality
25
Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality
Chamtor Wheat Transformation
BioDémo Industrial demonstration
Cristal Union Sugar producer
Procéthol 2G FUTUROL Project- Cellulosic Ethanol
ARD – Research center Soliance – Cosmetic
ingredients
Cristanol 1st generation
Ethanol
Bazancourt - Pomacle Biorefinery
Key figures :
1 100 direct jobs
700 indirect jobs
26
Capacity: 80 millions L / year
Location: Brazil - Alagoas
Operator: GranBio
Raw Material: straw and sugarcane bagasse
Start up: September 2014
Investment: 200 M€
Capacity: 30 millions L /year
Location: USA - Florida
Operator: INEOS Bio
Raw Material: gardens and agricultural waste
Start up: 2013
Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality
27
Capacity: 115 millions L / year
Location: EUA – Iowa
Operator: DuPont Cellulosic Ethanol
Raw Material: corn cellulosic straws
Start up: 2nd semester 2014
Capacity: 95 millions L / year
Location: EUA - Kansas
Operator: Abengoa (Spain)
Raw Material: farming cellulosic residues and energy cultures
Start up: October 2014
Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality
28
Microbial Biotechnology, Biofuels 2020: Biorefineries based on lignocellulosic materials,, Miguel Valdivia, July 2016.
Cellulosic bio ethanol – industrial reality
CAPEX distribution
Advanced Biofuels - Forest Biomass
Forest and agricultural cellulosic biomass can replace fossil based fuels, plastics and
chemicals
Renewable energy world magazine; Volume 19; issue 1; Jan / Feb 2016; pag 77
Biomass for Cellulosic Fuels
Leafs
Branches
Tops
Log
Stump
Root
P&P industry uses the tree log but a significant part remains at the forest
Manejo de resíduos florestais, José Carlos Júnior, PTSM, Encontro Brasileiro de Silvicultura 2008
33
Part of the residual forest biomass is collected and burned for energy production
Biomass for Cellulosic Fuels
Pulp mill wood yard process residues (bark, saw dust, chips out of specification)
Biomass for Cellulosic Fuels
Fines Saw dust Bark Tree branches
Willow Acacia Miscanthus Eucalyptus energetic
crops
Arundo donax
Forest and pulp´s mill yard biomass residues + energetic crops
Forest biomass
37
Biomass Deconstruction
Enzymatic Hydrolysis
Fermentation Distillation
Mature
Technology
Mature Technology
Consolidated technologies and currently being optimized:
• Increase of yield/ efficacy of enzymes
• Necessary to adapt to different kinds of biomass
Several developed and tested technologies
• Necessary to adapt to different kinds of biomass
Technology assessment
38
Biomass deconstruction: technology assessment
Being the deconstruction step the less mature technology, throughout the last years
several concepts were tested at NVG / RAIZ .
Deconstructed biomass (pulps) for Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Lignin Recovery
Kraft
Biomass Hydrolysis
Lignin Precipitation
Steam Explosion (STEX) Organosolv Hidrotermic
Sugar Syrups +
Lignin
Pre-treatment / deconstruction
39
Different pre-treatments produce different hydrolysates and inhibitors.
Biomass deconstruction: technology assessment
41
Fermentation: technology assessment
Biofuel Research Journal 7 (2015) 268-280
Separate Hydrolysis & Fermentation (SHF); Simultaneous Saccharification & Fermentation (SSF)
Simultaneous Saccharification & Co-Fermentation (SSCF); Consolidated Bioprocessing (CBP)
Bio refinery: already a business opportunity
Chemical industry is taking it seriously Global known brands are
taking advantages & don’t
want to miss the train