Seminar Pakistan Textile Industry & Nano-technology

8/2/2019 Seminar Pakistan Textile Industry & Nano-technology

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INDUSTRY & NANO-

TECHNOLOGY

Owais Golra, ResearchAssociate, PINSAT IDRC


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A Famous speech presented by U. Colombo at 25th Anniversarymeeting held October 6-7, 1988 in Munich Germany.

It is essential that new

technologies are introduced into thesocio-economic fabric of the thirdworld, they do not impair or destroy

existing cultures

Author is Chairman, Board of Energia Nucleare e delle EnergiaAlternative (ENEA) Rome, Italy


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Introduction

Initially textiles were used for wear and decoration

purposes only but now textiles and clothing are trulyglobal industries and moved towards morepromising technologies to achieve functional andhigh performance characteristics

The global textile industry is increasingly facingcompetition from low-wage countries so high skilledtechnologies like specialized coating, plasma basedproducts, smart/ technical technologies and

nanotechnologies are being developed

Nanotechnology presents a tremendous opportunityfor the global textile industry to generate newproducts that could energize the economy, solve

major societal problems, revitalize existing industry,


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To grow, companies need tobreak out of a vicious cycle of

competitive benchmarking andimitation

W.Chan Kim & Rene Mauborgne, Think for yourself Stop Copying a Rival, Financial Times, 08-11-03


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Table of Contents

Textile Technology OverviewGlobal Scenario

Textile Industry: The need to innovate

Nano-technology in Textiles

Pakistan Textile Industry Current Status

Initiatives taken by Major Textile Players

Challenges of Pakistans Textile Industry

What need to be done/Roadmap for PakistanConclusion


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Textile TechnologyOverview


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Textile Technology contd.

Natural Fibres(NF)

Fibres which occur innature, the opposite offibres which are madefrom synthetics orchemicals

Cotton, silk, wool andlinen etc are someexamples

Man made Fibres(MMF)

Fibres which aremanufactured ratherthan occurringnaturally, also calledmanufactured fibre

Such as acetate,nylon, polyester,acrylic etc.

Textile Raw Materials


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Textile fibres are classified into fourcategories:

(a) Natural fibres e.g. cotton, flax, silk,or wool (b) Regenerated ones e.g. viscose rayon,

tencel (c) Synthetic e.g. nylons, vinyls, polyesters,

and acrylics and (d) Inorganicor High performance fibres

e.g. Carbon, Glass or aramid

Textile Fibres Classification

Manmade

Fibres(MMF)

Ref: Development of advanced textile materials: natural fibre composites, anti-microbial, and flame-retardant fabrics, Proc. IMechE Vol. 223 Part L: J. Materials:Design and Applications


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FIBRES

Natural

Fibre

Man-

MadeFibre

Plant based(cellulose):

CottonLinenHempJute

MineralAsbestos

(rarely used)

AnimalBased(protein)

WoolSilk

CashmereAngora

MetalWires

FilamentsLurex

SyntheticNylon

PolyesterAcrylics

ElastomersPolypropylen

e

RegeneratedViscoseRayonCasein

Seaweedbased

InorganicGlass

CarbonQuartz

Ceramics

Ref: Figure adapted from Elvins et al. (1995) Materials Chemistry in Everyday Life,HeinemannChemistry in Context, Chemistry One Second Ed. Southbank Books, Port Melbourne.


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Textile Cluster Map

Textile Technology contd

Textile Industry Textile GarmentIndustry

MMF Industry

ChemicalIndustry

Non TraditionalIndustry

Fibre

Yarn

Fabric

Finished

Fabric

Fashion

Home

Technical/Smart,

nano

Agriculture &Livestock

Industry


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Textile technology process chain

FibreorFilament

Yarn

GreigeFabric

Finished

Fabric

Made-ups orGarme

nt

ForHom

eTextile&

Apparel


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Textiles technology process chain

For Composite Textiles


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Global Scenario


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Global Trade is Growing

201 232258

281

351397

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2005 2008 2010

Textile Apparel

US$

Bn

*CAGR

Textile: 5.8%

Apparel: 9.6%

482

Bn

583Bn

655Bn

World Textile and Apparel Trade

Source: Seminar on Better Strategy for Development ofTextile Sector,*Compound Annual Growth Rate

Global Scenario contd


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PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION(kgs. of textile fibres per capita in 2006)

6.8

17.7

21

8.5

4.5

5.5

4

2.8

0 10 20 30

GLOBAL AVERAGE

DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

USA

JAPAN

DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

CHINA

PAKISTAN

INDIA

PER CAPITA TEXTILE CONSUMPTION

Source: Werner Intl

Developed countries will remain majorconsumers



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Market Share of Total Textile & Apparel for USA Market - 2010

Asian countries have gained in

US

14% 11% 9% 6%

14%13%

12%12%

5%

5%5%

3%

15%18% 27% 38%

12% 12%

14%

17%

14%

13%11%

12%

11%16% 14%

5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2000 2003 2005 2010

Rest of the

WorldSSA

Asean

Taiwan &

KoreaSouth Asia

China & HK

Europe

Canada

CBI

Mexico



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As Well as in EU

56% 54% 53%

35%

9% 10% 13%

25%

7% 8% 9% 15%

11% 11% 12%10%

9% 9% 8% 7%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2003 2004 2005 2010

Rest of the

World

Romania &

Bulgaria

Euro Med

ASEAN

South Asia

China

Intra EU Trade

Market Share of Total Textile & Apparel for EU Market - 2010



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???

If conventional textile & apparel tradeis growing then what is the need fornew technologies???



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Because!!!

TheTextile industry is subject to strongpressures in a fast changing businessenvironment due to two main factors:

Strong competition world-wide

Market volatility (changing customerrequirement)



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Customers are looking for completeSolutions in a single cup

Convenience

Compliance

Cost

Flexibility

Speed

Innovation

CustomerRequirements



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Textile Industry: The need to

innovate


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Products New ProductsMarket R&D of New Products

New Market

Functional

Home

textiles

Comfortable

textile

s

Nano-textiles

Healthcaretextiles

SmartTextiles

Functional

appar

el

Fashion

appa

rel

Eco-

textiles

Techtextil

Hometextile

Textile Industry: The need toinnovate

Source: Application of nanotechnology in textiles, Taiwan nano-X-2006


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The industry need to enhance its capability toproduce and market high quality and valueadded products

This requires emphasis on new technology,design, marketing and management

New Textilesvia

New Technologies!!!

Textile Industry: The need to innovate contd


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Click to edit Master subtitle style

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Increasing textile customer

demands Hydrophobic Hydrophilic Anti-bacterial Protective Breathability Antistatic Stretch Smart/Intelligent

It is the consumer demand that leads to newinnovative technologies and value added textilematerials.



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Functionalities

Processes

Environment

RawMaterials

ImpactingFactors

Water use, Energy useChemicals, Working conditions,

Disposal, Recycling

Dynamic properties, Anti-microbialSelf-cleaning, Smart textiles,

Comfort

Flexibility: Small batches,Just in time

Customized production

New polymers,Renewable materials

Factors impacting the futuregeneration of textiles



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Non-woven composite technology(Hybrid Technologies)

3D Fabrication Technology(3D Fibre/ fabric structures)

Plasma Technology (Atmospheric & Low Pressure Treatment)

Micro-encapsulation technology (functional Fabric Finish)

Nanotechnology (Nano-coating, Electro spinning)

Emerging innovative technologiesin Textiles Industry

ForSm

art,Hi-Te

ch&

Nano

Textile

s



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Nanotechnology in Textiles


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What is Nanotechnology?

Nanotechnology deals with the science and technology at dimensions ofroughly 1 to 100 nanometers (nm)

1 Billion Nanometres = 1 Metre

100 nanometers presently is the practically attainable dimension for textileproducts and applications.

Ref: Nano technology in textiles by Kathervelu Indian


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Concepts of Nanotechnology in Textile

Diameter

500nm(nanofiber)

Nanoscale coating Finish

Nanoscalecoating

Cross-Section Structure

Nanoscale surface treatmentNanoparticle addition

Nanocompositefiber

Nanoporousstructure

NanoCoating

NanoFiber

Small thingscan create big

businesses !!!


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The market for

nanotechnology wasUS$147 billionIn year 2007

Expand to US$3.1 trillionby 2015

Over 1000 nanotechenabled registeredproducts have been madeavailable to consumers

Source: Nanotech enabled consumer products top 1000 mark, Woodrow WilsonInternational

The Market for Nano-technology

25% of the products by

2015 willincorporate some form ofnanotechnology


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The market fortextiles making useof nanotechnologieswas US$13.6 billionIn year 2007

Expand to US$115 billionby 2012

The value of nanomaterialssupplied to the textileindustry will reach US$8.6billion by 2012

Nanotechnologies willprovide incrementalimprovements to existingtextile sectors, but offer the

highest growth in the non-traditional sectors.

Ref: Smart Nanotextiles: A review of materials and application: MRS Bulletin,

The Market for Nano-textiles

Active Areas of Textile R&D: Functional


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Active Areas of Textile R&D: FunctionalTextiles

Fragrance release textiles Photocatalytic textile coatings Shape Memory Polymers for Intelligent textiles Self-Cleaning Fabrics Carbon Nanotubes for Electronic Textiles

Multifunctional Coatings for Medical TextileApplications Textile switches and sensors, and electronic nose Bioactive wound dressings Electrically conductive textiles Stain and water repellent textiles Healing textiles

Ref: Nanotechnology in Textiles, Indian Journal of Science & technology Vol


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Applications of Nanotechnology BasedTextiles

Nanofibres andFibres

containing

nanoparticles

Finishes and

coatings ofnano-basedmaterials

AddedValueTextile

s

Protective/functional

Hospital/healthcare

Filter media

Smart clothing

Aerospace/defence

Sports/leisure

Automotive parts


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Example of application in Sports

The intelligent Knee sleeve abiofeedback using Ppy sensors thatmonitors the wearers knee jointmovement.



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Example of application inHealthcare

A number of brands are in the marketto monitor psychological signals ofpatients and to monitor respiration,Electrocardiogram (ECG),

Electromyogram (EMG), body postureand movements like;

Lifeshirt by Vivometrics , Kapton , BioTEX etc.

All these technologies use InherentlyConducting Polymers (ICPs) materials.



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Example of application inMilitary

Smart Shirt by Sensatex .Shirt functions like optical & conductive fibres

integrated into garments.

Optical fibres are used to detect bullet

wounds pinpointing exact location.



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Example of application in Armor

Made from a ballistic fabric (eg Kevlar) filled with ashear thickening fluid - this is a water like liquid(PEG) that contains silica nanoparticles


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Example of pplication in FashionLifestyle

Eleksen has developed nanofibre used fabrictouch pad integrated into jacket for MP3player.

Also NuMetrex, a heart rate monitoring

undergarment.



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Pakistan Textile Industry

Current Status


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Pakistan Textile Industrycurrent status

Textile is one of the main industries inPakistan,

There are approximately 8,800 units inPakistan, out of which.

1,220 are ginning,450 are spinning units,

700 are knitwear units,

730 are processing/finishing units,

5000 are garment manufacturing units andthe rest are weaving and terry towel units

[Saurers survey on Textile and-

ki il & l


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Pakistan Textiles & Apparelindustry

Generates about 64 % of total exports whichamounts to around 11.4 billion US dollars

Constitutes 46 % of ManufacturingIndustry Employs 40% of Countrys working population

which amounts to a figure of 1.5 million Contributes 9% of the total GDP 31% of countrys total investment In Asia, Pakistan is the 8th largest exporter of

textile products Pakistani clothing export growth slowed to 8%

in 2006, following three years of double digitincrease.


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World Trade Share

China, 24%

Hong Kong, 9%

Italy, 7%Taiwan, 2%

Pakistan, 2%

Mexico, 2%Indonesia, 2%

Other, 27%

Germany, 6%

Turkey, 4%Belgium, 3%

France, 3%

United States, 4%

India, 3%

Korea, Republic

of, 3%

Pakistans Textile & ApparelIndustry

% Share in Global trade


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Pakistan Textile Exports MajorCategories

2006

Fabrics

24%

Ready Made Garment

12%Knitwear (Hosiery

18%

Madeups Incl. Bedwea

21%

Tents & Canva

1%

Art Silk & Syn.Te

3%

Towels6%

Other textile

2%

Yarn

12%

Raw Cotton

1%

P ki M j


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Pakistan vs MajorCompetitors (2006)

Countr ies Tex tile Appare l To ta l

Pak istan 7.47 3.91 11.38

China 48.68 95.39 144.07

India 9.33 10.19 19.52

Bangaladesh 0.23 7.18 7.41

Veitnam 0.63 4.9 5.53

Indonesia 3.6 5.7 9.3

0

2 0

4 0

6 0

8 0

1 0 0

1 2 0

Pakis

tan China India

Bang

alade

shVe

itnam

Indon

esia

C o u n t r i

Value

in

billion

US

$

T e xt il

A p p a r


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Textile Trade Indicators

Textile Trade Indicators between India, Chinaand Pakistan pertaining to 2008 is reported asfollows:

Export Growth: India 10%, China 18%,Pakistan 4%.

Share in National Exports: India 6% China 5%,

Pakistan 60%

Competitiveness Rank: India 30, China 22,Pakistan 49

(Source: International

Pakistans Textile & Apparel Industry


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Pakistans Textile & Apparel IndustrySWOT

4th largest Cotton producer

64% of countrys export

volume

1.5 Mn people employed with

50% in apparel

Low labor cost at US$ 0.39 per

hour

Low Price Image

Lower marketing initiatives

Limited use of modern

technology

Confusion in political / religious

scenario Low levels of managerial

capabilities

Rising Cotton Prices

China and India being considered

as countries for high value added

garments

Price Pressures

Being neighbor of China, latest

TOT is easily possible

Potential of improvingconfidence in buyer by working

directly & closely

Home Furnishing from Pakistan

have made a big name worldwide

Smart & technical textiles has a

Strengths Weakness

Opportunities Threats


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Initiatives taken by majortextile players
http://www.allproducts.com/search/products/pF0101060330.shtmlhttp://www.allproducts.com/search/products/pF0101060353.shtmlhttp://www.allproducts.com/search/products/pF0101060327.shtmlhttp://www.allproducts.com/search/products/pF0101060340.shtmlhttp://www.allproducts.com/search/products/pF0101060323.shtmlhttp://www.allproducts.com/search/products/pF0101060337.shtml


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Polyester Staple Fiber and

PFY Viscose Lycra (Filament form) Nylon (Filament form) Flax Carbon Fiber Polyamide Chlorofibre

Polycarbamide Conjugate Fiber Glass Fiber Polyethylene Fiber Metal Fiber Polypropylene Metallic Polyurethane Modal Pp Fiber Nylon Rubber Fiber Olefin Saran Pe Fiber Sigrafil

Nano fibre Acetate

MMFconsumed inthe Rest of

the World(ROW)

MMFconsumed in

Pakistan

MMFProduced in

Pakistan Polyester Staple Fiber

Polyester Filament yarn Viscose

Acrylic

Lycra (Filament form)

Nylon (Filament form)

Flax

Polypropylene

Polyester Staple Fiber

Polyester Filament yarn Viscose

Acrylic

source: PCI Fibres and cotton inc: 2007estimates

26

8

4
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Initiatives taken by Korea

Undertaking projects to develop strategic newfiber technology Intelligent fibers (smart materials, medical care,

stealth functional textiles) Digital Fiber (inserted in IT equipments, ubiquitous

information and communication fiber technology) Super fiber (carbon fiber, aramid fiber etc.) Nano hybrid fiber (fiber technology for future

transportation equipments, complex materialproduction technology for energy/environmentcontrol)

Introducing IT in textile industry

Building a production base for industrial fibers

Ref: Seminar on Better Strategy for Development of Textile Sector, Ministry of


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Initiatives by Japan

Development of low energy spinning, easily recyclable fiber,ultra high speed draw texturing yarn, one step conjugate

fiber

Development ofSuper bio-mimetic fiber

Development ofnew functional fibers and textiles using

Nanotechnology Development ofsuper high tenacity/high heat resistance

fibers in Japan

Development of eco fiber and eco-friendly technology



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Initiatives taken by China

11th 5 year plan for the Fibre Industry already being

implemented: Fully implement the Scientific Development concept i.e.

qualitative development.

Upgrade traditional fiber industry with high tech reformation,

focus on knowledge economy

Support for developing differentiated and functional products to

improve added value of goods

Support for developing environment friendly and regenerated

fibers

Speed up development of hi-tech fibers and realize theindustrialization of major products

Focus on brand creation - current 25 brands in the Fibre industry

of china has earned recognition from international players who

request specifically for that particular brand of fiber even for

value added textilesRef: Seminar on Better Strategy for Development of Textile Sector, Ministry of


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Initiatives taken by India

11th 5 year plan for the Fibres Industry already underway:

Several positive schemes in 11th five year plan (2007 2012) tosupport the growth of nano and technical textile industry.

National Mission for Nano/Technical Textiles launched in 2007

a budget of US$ 170 million for the next five year period.

Nano/ Technical textile industry growth target is 12-15 billion dollarsby 2012.

Creating awareness about nano/ technical textiles and nonwovenamong the entrepreneurs 10 million Indian rupees per annum will be spent in next five

years Developing human resource by arranging courses on nano/

technical textiles

Doing capacity building of the nonwoven and nano/ technical textileindustry base and the related machinery industry base

Establishing centers for research excellence and support withtesting and standardization. Indian Government has planned to invest in 20 centers of

excellence


Key Initiatives taken by Pakistan under Textile Policy


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3/19/12 Source: Textile Policy2009-2014

Key Initiatives taken by Pakistan under Textile Policy2009-14

Textile Investment Support Fund will be established.

Technology Up gradation fund i.e. 20% will be granted byGovt.

Allocated 1.6 Billion Rs for Fiscal Year and increase up to 17Billion by

year 2014

Infrastructure Development i.e. Industrial state for small

investors

Rs 1 Billion allocated for this year

Skill Development in textile value chain

Rs 1 Billion will be allocated for current tear

Export House Scheme i.e. local yarn sales & fabric to bigexporters

Rs 2 billion allocated for this scheme

Standardization etc

However, no amount has been released against Research andDevelo ment (R&D)


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Challenges for Pakistan

Limited fibre availability for nano/ technicaltextiles

Lack of know-how and skilled workforce

No R n D facilities

Non-availability of production & marketdatabase

Lack of encouragement to entrepreneurs forgoing into nano/ technical textiles like import

duty, interest rates etc.Lack of investment by the industry

Low importance given to the long termbenefits and life cycle cost of the products

vis--vis traditional productsRef: Seminar on Better Strategy for Development of Textile Sector, Ministry of


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What need to be done/Roadmap forPakistan

(US $ 10.211 B


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Pakistan Textile Industry: The WayForward

Pakistani textile industry must adopt a fresh approach totechnology adoption

The companies and government need to invest resourcesinto R&D

Develop the ability to create specialized products

These could include textiles made using new technologies woven,

knitting, nonwoven, nanotechnology etc.

New products surgical gowns, geotextiles, fabrics usedin agriculture, high-fashion apparel, and fire-resistant work-wear.

The textile industry should be a knowledge-intensiveindustry - willing to look for and apply knowledge


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Trying to match low-wage countries with

low cost production - Surely a losingstrategy.

(US $ 10.211 B


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Pakistan Textile Industry: What isneeded?

Improve infrastructure services as a foundation

for

technology development

Improve higher education in science andengineering Link universities with private sector activities Breakdown barriers between universitydepartments

Promote innovative activities in science &technology Improve policy to create/promote innovativeenvironment

Focus on strategic and under-funded research


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Road Map for Pakistan

Setting-up of an expert committee on smart,technical and nano textiles to formulate acomprehensive strategy for growth anddevelopment of textiles in Pakistan.

Arrangement of a series of awarenessseminars about different areas of nano/technical textile industry.

Immediate launch of government-sponsoredGraduate programs in selected universities

focusing on nano/ technical textile to caterfor the human resource requirement.


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Short listing of a couple of dozen high-priority product groups amonginternationally recognized nano/technical

textile product groups to focus on.

Preparation of project profiles/pre-feasibilitystudies to facilitate the entrepreneurial

activity in the nano/ technical textileprojects.


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Establishment of centers of excellences,each centre focusing on separate productgroups to provide technical support tomanufactures of nano/ technical textiles.Thecenters of excellence will have the following

facilities: Resource centers hosting technical literature,

reference materials, books, bank of samples oftechnical textile products, pre-feasibility studiesand information about manufacturing processes,standards and testing procedures etc.

Facilities for development of prototype nano/technical textile products

ISO accredited facilities for testing and evaluationof technical textiles

Facilities for training in areas of nano/ technical

textile production


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Setting-up of a nano/ technical textilessteering committeeto coordinate, monitorand review the growth of the nano/ technical

textile industry and also the activities of thecenters of excellence.

(US $ 10.211 B


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Industry-UniversityInteraction

Benefits of universities, industry and society workingtogether: Sponsored research projects: funding, equipment and

resource donations Shared knowledge Source of employment

New idea generation Universities and industrial organizations have much to gain

from each other There is a strong need to improve interaction betweenthese

two important sectorsThis will enhance new technology development activities inthe textile sector An effective mechanism is needed to take care of thisinteraction

(US $ 10.211 B


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CONCLUSIONS

Nanotechnology has become the majordriving force in economic growth andsocial development in the West.

This is reflected by the fact thatWestern countries are promoting nano/technical textile as one of their corestrategies. Providing support for activities andinitiatives that promote R &D andknowledge driven economy is the onlysurvival.

A Final Thought !!!!!


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A Final Thought !!!!!

There are three kinds oforganizations:

Those that resistchange

Those that acceptchange


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Surely Allah does notchange the condition

of people until theychange their own

condition.[Al-Qur'an (13:11)]

Masood Textile Mills (MTM)


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Masood Textile Mills (MTM)Fsd

MTM P d t Li


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MTM Product Line


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Thank you!!!

Documents

Seminar Pakistan Textile Industry & Nano-technology