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by SRIRAM B 11MCE0006 RFID Technology

Seminar

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describes the functions and applications of RFIDs

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Page 1: Seminar

by

SRIRAM B11MCE0006

RFID Technology

Page 2: Seminar

OUTLINE

1. What RFID is…2. Applications3. RFID vs Bar code4. Advantages5. Disadvantages & Criticisms6. Future Prospects7. Conclusions8. References

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An ADC (Automated Data Collection) technology that:uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a

reader and a tag attached to the object which is to be identified, categorized or tracked..

Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item.

First use of RFID device – 2nd world war – Brittan used RFID technology for Identify- Friend or Foe

What RFID is…

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Host manages Reader(s) and issues commands

Reader & tag communicate via RF signal Carrier signal generated by the reader is sent out through the antennas Tag receives and modifies carrier signal Modified signal is sent back to the Reader Reader decodes the data Results returned to the host application

ArchitectureConsists of 3 main parts 1. Tag2. Interrogator3. Controller & software

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RFID TagsIt is the object containing RFID circuit .It is attach to the items which need to identified.

Active tag Passive Tag

Powered by battery No internal battery

(Powered by signal emitted by

reader)

Range~3oo feet Shorter read range(4 inches -15 feet)

Life 5-8 years Shorter life compared to

active tag

Larger storage capacity (512 KB)

Low storage capacity (1KB)

High cost Low cost

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Electronic Product Code

Header - Tag version number EPC Manager - Manufacturer ID Object class - Manufacturer’s product ID Serial Number - Unit IDWith 96 bit code, 268 million companies can each categorize 16 million different products where each product category contains up to 687 billion individual units

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RFID Interrogator

• Also called reader which is rugged and portable.• Initiates data flow between host computer and tag.• It can be wired or wireless.• It has the ability to uniquely identify a tag.• Provides support for non collision of signals.

915MHz Radio

NetworkProcessor

Digital SignalProcessor

(DSP)

13.56MHzRadio

PowerSupply

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Controller & Software• It is usually placed on user desk.• Includes database to store data read from tag• Runs software component which is the application.• 2 types of software Application software:- User defined (Programmed as per

the use of the customer) Middleware software:-

• It holds the abstract data• Software logic control for anti collision

implementation.• Reading and writing of data to the tag.

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Frequency Range

Data read Range

Standard Applications

125KHz-135 KHz

Low Frequency Passive tag

Upto 10cm ISO 18000-2 Animal tagging

13.5MHz High Frequency Passive tag

1m ISO 18000-3& ISO 15693

Anti theft, retail product tagging

868MHz- 928 MHz

Ultra High Frequency Passive tag

~7m ISO 18000-6 Traffic toll, vehicle access

control

2.45GHz Microwave Frequency Passive tag

10m ISO 18000-4 Management supply

system,vehicle access control

433MHz Medium Frequency ACTIVE tag

100m ISO 18000-7 Used for asset tracking in DoD

Operating Frequency Range

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APPLICATIONS1. Laptop tracking system

• Live implementation at L&T.• Convenient, time saving and cost efficient method.

2. Asset management• RFID implemented to keep assets safe.• As assets increases, productivity increases.

eg:- ports, shipyards, Garage etc.

Shipping Portals

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3. Attendance Management• Using RFID management of workplace attendance.• As attendance increases productivity increases.• Centralised collection of data

eg:- Work place, Educational institutions etc.

Tag ControllerInterrogater

ID card with student/ employee

Read at class door/ main gate

Intormation sent to University/ DB

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6. Assembly Line

Wireless

5. Handheld Applications

4. Cattle identification (Std:- ISO 11784)

7. Vehicle access control

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8. timing mat

9. Can be embedded in prison inmates.10.Tracking books in libraries.11.Airport baggage ID.12.Transportation payments.13.E-Passport14.Advertisementsetc..

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COMPARISON WITH CURRENT TECHNOLOGY

Barcodes RFID

Limited applications Global applications (Real time tracking)

Manual tracking (so human intervension is needed. Therefore error prone)

Automatic tracking

Read only memory Read/Write Memory

Contains only ID of the product Contains more than just ID (Includes production details, Destination area etc)

Line of sight Line of sight not required

Dust, moisture etc affects the reading Can even be embedded in the tracking object

Less Range More Range

Slow reading (Reads one tag at a time) Fast reading (Reads ~20 tags in 1 sec)

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ADVANTAGES

• Real time tracking• Unlimited scope (scope depends on the imagination of its implementation)• Reduced human interventon• Mobility• Saving Resources• Enhanced security• Enhanced customer quality service• Line of sight not required (Can even be embedded in the tracking object)• Convenient, time saving method.• Read multiple tags simultaneously (Reads ~20 tags in 1 sec)• Long read range

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DISADVANTAGES & CRITICISMS* Temperature exposure* Data flooding* High cost (~0.2$ for tag and 1000$ for interrogator)* Privacy concern

• Hidden placement of tags• Unique identifiers for all objects worldwide• Massive data aggregation• Unauthorized development of detailed profiles• Unauthorized third party access to profile data• Hidden readers

“Just in case you want to know, she’scarrying 700 Euro…”

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CONCLUSIONS

RFID is a convenient and time saving method that gives real time tracking with enhanced customer service quality service. Its scope is limited by the imagination of its implementation. Once various limitations like lack of a global standard, security concerns, the cost factor, etc. are gets overcome and if this technology is fully implemented, it can transform the way we live our lives.

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FUTURE PROSPECTS

• Optical RFID• Can be extended in embedded systems.• Application software can be web based.

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REFERENCES

• http://www.rfidjournal.com/• http://rfidprivacy.com/• http://rfidinc.com/• www.howstuffswork.com• www.wikipedia.org

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Thank you