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DESCRIPTION
describes the functions and applications of RFIDs
Citation preview
by
SRIRAM B11MCE0006
RFID Technology
OUTLINE
1. What RFID is…2. Applications3. RFID vs Bar code4. Advantages5. Disadvantages & Criticisms6. Future Prospects7. Conclusions8. References
An ADC (Automated Data Collection) technology that:uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a
reader and a tag attached to the object which is to be identified, categorized or tracked..
Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item.
First use of RFID device – 2nd world war – Brittan used RFID technology for Identify- Friend or Foe
What RFID is…
Host manages Reader(s) and issues commands
Reader & tag communicate via RF signal Carrier signal generated by the reader is sent out through the antennas Tag receives and modifies carrier signal Modified signal is sent back to the Reader Reader decodes the data Results returned to the host application
ArchitectureConsists of 3 main parts 1. Tag2. Interrogator3. Controller & software
RFID TagsIt is the object containing RFID circuit .It is attach to the items which need to identified.
Active tag Passive Tag
Powered by battery No internal battery
(Powered by signal emitted by
reader)
Range~3oo feet Shorter read range(4 inches -15 feet)
Life 5-8 years Shorter life compared to
active tag
Larger storage capacity (512 KB)
Low storage capacity (1KB)
High cost Low cost
Electronic Product Code
Header - Tag version number EPC Manager - Manufacturer ID Object class - Manufacturer’s product ID Serial Number - Unit IDWith 96 bit code, 268 million companies can each categorize 16 million different products where each product category contains up to 687 billion individual units
RFID Interrogator
• Also called reader which is rugged and portable.• Initiates data flow between host computer and tag.• It can be wired or wireless.• It has the ability to uniquely identify a tag.• Provides support for non collision of signals.
915MHz Radio
NetworkProcessor
Digital SignalProcessor
(DSP)
13.56MHzRadio
PowerSupply
Controller & Software• It is usually placed on user desk.• Includes database to store data read from tag• Runs software component which is the application.• 2 types of software Application software:- User defined (Programmed as per
the use of the customer) Middleware software:-
• It holds the abstract data• Software logic control for anti collision
implementation.• Reading and writing of data to the tag.
Frequency Range
Data read Range
Standard Applications
125KHz-135 KHz
Low Frequency Passive tag
Upto 10cm ISO 18000-2 Animal tagging
13.5MHz High Frequency Passive tag
1m ISO 18000-3& ISO 15693
Anti theft, retail product tagging
868MHz- 928 MHz
Ultra High Frequency Passive tag
~7m ISO 18000-6 Traffic toll, vehicle access
control
2.45GHz Microwave Frequency Passive tag
10m ISO 18000-4 Management supply
system,vehicle access control
433MHz Medium Frequency ACTIVE tag
100m ISO 18000-7 Used for asset tracking in DoD
Operating Frequency Range
APPLICATIONS1. Laptop tracking system
• Live implementation at L&T.• Convenient, time saving and cost efficient method.
2. Asset management• RFID implemented to keep assets safe.• As assets increases, productivity increases.
eg:- ports, shipyards, Garage etc.
Shipping Portals
3. Attendance Management• Using RFID management of workplace attendance.• As attendance increases productivity increases.• Centralised collection of data
eg:- Work place, Educational institutions etc.
Tag ControllerInterrogater
ID card with student/ employee
Read at class door/ main gate
Intormation sent to University/ DB
6. Assembly Line
Wireless
5. Handheld Applications
4. Cattle identification (Std:- ISO 11784)
7. Vehicle access control
8. timing mat
9. Can be embedded in prison inmates.10.Tracking books in libraries.11.Airport baggage ID.12.Transportation payments.13.E-Passport14.Advertisementsetc..
COMPARISON WITH CURRENT TECHNOLOGY
Barcodes RFID
Limited applications Global applications (Real time tracking)
Manual tracking (so human intervension is needed. Therefore error prone)
Automatic tracking
Read only memory Read/Write Memory
Contains only ID of the product Contains more than just ID (Includes production details, Destination area etc)
Line of sight Line of sight not required
Dust, moisture etc affects the reading Can even be embedded in the tracking object
Less Range More Range
Slow reading (Reads one tag at a time) Fast reading (Reads ~20 tags in 1 sec)
ADVANTAGES
• Real time tracking• Unlimited scope (scope depends on the imagination of its implementation)• Reduced human interventon• Mobility• Saving Resources• Enhanced security• Enhanced customer quality service• Line of sight not required (Can even be embedded in the tracking object)• Convenient, time saving method.• Read multiple tags simultaneously (Reads ~20 tags in 1 sec)• Long read range
DISADVANTAGES & CRITICISMS* Temperature exposure* Data flooding* High cost (~0.2$ for tag and 1000$ for interrogator)* Privacy concern
• Hidden placement of tags• Unique identifiers for all objects worldwide• Massive data aggregation• Unauthorized development of detailed profiles• Unauthorized third party access to profile data• Hidden readers
“Just in case you want to know, she’scarrying 700 Euro…”
CONCLUSIONS
RFID is a convenient and time saving method that gives real time tracking with enhanced customer service quality service. Its scope is limited by the imagination of its implementation. Once various limitations like lack of a global standard, security concerns, the cost factor, etc. are gets overcome and if this technology is fully implemented, it can transform the way we live our lives.
FUTURE PROSPECTS
• Optical RFID• Can be extended in embedded systems.• Application software can be web based.
REFERENCES
• http://www.rfidjournal.com/• http://rfidprivacy.com/• http://rfidinc.com/• www.howstuffswork.com• www.wikipedia.org
Thank you