Selective breeding and Aquaculture breeding programs › 2018 › ... · Selective Breeding Programs in Aquaculture –Achievements and Recent Developments. INTRODUCTION •Growing

Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018

Jørn Thodesen (马大勇), PhD

Morten Rye, PhD (Dir.)

Selective Breeding Programs in Aquaculture – Achievements and Recent Developments

INTRODUCTION

• Growing world population

- requires more food production

• Stagnating wild fisheries

- requires more aquaculture

production• Restricted resources

- requires a sustainable food

production


BENCHMARK’S AQUACULTURE PLATFORM

AKVAFORSK GENETICS – WORLDWIDE CONSULTANCY


Shrimp

SELECTIVE BREEDING – MOVING THE POPULATION MEAN …

Example: Progift Nile,

China

… BY CHANGING GENE FREQUENCIES


Start feeding

开口喂食

Breeding

candidates

后备亲鱼

Individual

tagging

打标记

Pre-

selection

预选

Final

selection

最终选育

Test fish

试验鱼

Estimation of breeding

values and preparation of

mating plan

育种值估算及育种方案的准备

Production

of families

产生家系

Egg

incubation

孵化

Rearing until

taggable size

养殖到可打标记

Start feeding

开口喂食

Breeding

candidates

后备亲鱼

Individual

tagging

打标记

Pre-

selection

预选

Final

selection

最终选育

Test fish

试验鱼

Estimation of breeding

values and preparation of

mating plan

育种值估算及育种方案的准备

Production

of families

产生家系

Egg

incubation

孵化

Rearing until

taggable size

养殖到可打标记

Mating

designFamily

rearing

Taggin

g

Recording of

traits

Estimati

on of

breedin

g values

Base

population

INDUSTRY STANDARD: FAMILY-BASED PROGRAM

ATLANTIC SALMON

ATLANTIC SALMON: BREEDING OBJECTIVE

300 families tested per cycle

Recording/monitoring >20 traits


SELECTION RESPONSE: GROWTH (G5)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

M幩ader

Vek

t (

g)

Gen 5

Gen 0

6060 d

VF=2,99

6340 d

VF=2,14

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

M幩ader

Vek

t (

g)

Gen 5

Gen 0

6060 d

VF=2,99

6340 d

VF=2,14


SELECTION RESPONSE: FEED UTILIZATION (G5)

Thodesen et al.

(2001)

S-W, %

Growth +113

Feed-uptake +40

Protein utilzation +9

Energy utilzation +14

Feed conv. efficiency +20

G8: +30%

Production 1 million tons:

Reduced feed use: 500 000 tons,

…. or 450 000 tons more produced

with the same amount of feed

→ FCR: 1,2 vs 1,7

SELECTION RESPONSE – DISEASE RESISTANCE

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

HR Wild LR

Su

rviv

al

rate

, %

• high correlation between

Furunculosis resistance of

families in challenge-test

and natural outbreak

• response in ISA resistance

confirmed by extreme

groups (HR – high

resistance and LR – low

resistance)


Taiwan April 11-12, 2018

TILAPIA

o Production efficiency

• Growth

• Survival

• Fi l let y ie ld

• (Feed ut i l izat ion)

o Robustness

• Growth/surv ival in d i f ferent environments

• Environmental chal lenge tests (cold water, h igh sal in i ty )

• Specif ic d isease to lerance/resistance

o Product quality

• External color

TILAPIA: TRAITS IN BREEDING OBJECTIVES


o Nile tilapia (2004, G14)

• base: GIFT (Vietnam)

o Blue tilapia (2007, G10)

• base: Chinese & Vietnamese (US) stocks

o Red tilapia (2008, G5)

• base: Chinese, Ecuadorian & Colombian

stocks

PROGIFT AQUACULTURE, CHINA

SELECTIONS RESPONSES – NILE AND BLUE TILAPIA

Nile

tilapia

Blue

tilapia



• base: Thai stocks (some or iginated

from GIFT)

o Red tilapia (2008, G12)

• base: Thai & Lat in -American stocks

o Strong focus on improving the robustness

• per formance (growth and survival)

in di f ferent test environments

• sal ini ty tolerance

o Red tilapia: also improve external color

MANIT FARM, THAILAND


SELECTIONS RESPONSES – RED TILAPIA


SELECTIONS RESPONSES – RED TILAPIA



• base GIFT (Vietnam → Nicaragua)

o Strong focus on improving the robustness

• Streptococcus ( inea and

agalactiae ) resistance/tolerance

• implementing Genomic selection

SPRING GENETICS, USA


STREPTOCOCCUS: EFFICIENT FAMILY-SELECTION


SHRIMP

GENÉTICA SPRING , COLOMBIA

o L. vannamei (1997, G16)

o Atlantic program (Cartagena)

• Growth

• General pond survival

• Disease resistance

o Pacific program (Tumaco)

• General pond survival

• Disease tolerance (WSSV)


SELECTION RESPONSE - GROWTH

o Genetic trend-analyses: ~100% larger harvest weight (G16)


TREND 1: INCREASED USE OF GENOMIC INFORMATION

o more accurate selection

- marker-assisted selection (MAS) using QTL

- selection based on “genomic breeding values” (gEBV)

o allows individual selection for “family-traits”

MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION (MAS)

o selection based on one (or several) “quantitative trait loci” (QTL)

o a QTL is a section of the DNA which correlates with the phenotypic variation of a quantitative trait

o QTLs are mapped by identifying markers (SNPs) correlated with the observed trait


mark

er

QTL

IMPACT OF IPN SELECTION IN ATLANTIC SALMON


o MAS for polygenic traits requires many SNPs!

o “genomic selection” based on “genomic breeding values” (gEBVs)

o requires representative informants (“training population”)

• phenotypic data

• genotyping

GENOMIC SELECTION


TREND 2 – INTEGRATED BREEDING PROGRAMS

TREND 3 – MORE CUSTOMIZED ORGANIZATION

CENTRALIZED ORGANIZATION


DECENTRALIZED ORGANIZATION

Breeding

candidates

Test fish

Eye-eggs

(families)

TEST STATION 1

TEST STATION 2BREEDING STATION

BROOD STOCK

STATION-1

BROOD STOCK

STATION-2

BROOD STOCK

STATION-3

COMMERCIAL HATCHERIES

Data

Data Data Data

Eye-eggs Eye-eggs Eye-eggs

Breeding

candidates

Test fish

Eye-eggs

(families)

TEST STATION 1

TEST STATION 2BREEDING STATION

BROOD STOCK

STATION-1

BROOD STOCK

STATION-2

BROOD STOCK

STATION-3

COMMERCIAL HATCHERIES

Data

Data Data Data

Eye-eggs Eye-eggs Eye-eggs


CUSTOMIZED ORGANIZATION


THANK YOU!

Documents

Selective breeding and Aquaculture breeding programs › 2018 › ... · Selective Breeding Programs in Aquaculture –Achievements and Recent Developments. INTRODUCTION •Growing