Seizure

Seizure & Epilepsy

Seizure An epileptic seizure is a transient

symptom of excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.

It can manifest as an alternation in mental state, tonic or clonic movements, convulsions and various other psychic symptoms such as déjà vu.

Epilepsy

The medical syndrome of recurrent, unprovoked seizures is termed epilepsy, but seizures can occur in people who do not have epilepsy .

Four basic stages to a seizure:

The Prodome: may precede the seizure by hours or days. It is characterized by changes in mood or behavior .

The Aura: signals the start of a seizure. Nervousness, whining, trembling, salivation, affection, wandering, restlessness, hiding and apprehension are all signals .

The Ictus, the actual seizure:. A period of intense physical activity usually lasting 45 seconds to 3 minutes. The dog may lose consciousness and fall to the ground. There may be teeth gnashing, frantic thrashing of limbs, excessive drooling, vocalizing, paddling of feet, uncontrollable urination and defecation .

The Post Ictus/Ictal: after the seizure, the dog may pace endlessly, appear blind and deaf and eat or drink excessively.

The Cause: anything that disrupts normal brain circuitry:

• Fever (febrile seizures) • Idiopathic Epilepsy• Head trauma• Stroke • Low levels of blood sugar, blood

calcium, blood magnesium or other electrolyte disturbances

Types of seizures

• generalized seizures petit mal, grand mal, myoclonic,

clonic, tonic, atonic• partial or focal onset seizures simple partial seizures and

complex partial seizures

Diagnosis

It can be difficult to distinguish a seizure from other conditions causing a collapse, abnormal movements or other seizure manifestations. A 2007 evidence-based review from the American Academy of Neurology and the recommends an electroencephalogram (EEG, brain wave activity) and brain imaging with CT scan or MRI scan in the work-up.

Management

The first aid for a seizure depends on the type of seizure occurring. Generalized seizures will cause the person to fall, which may result in injury. A tonic-clonic seizure results in violent movements that cannot and should not be suppressed.

A seizure longer than five minutes is a medical emergency. Relatives and other caregivers of those known to have epilepsy often carry medicine such as rectal diazepam or buccal midazolam in order to rapidly end the seizure.

زیر نظر استاد ارجمند : سرکار خانم

دکتر کرمانی تنظیم

کننده : سپیده کاظمی