SEED- Arnab

SEEDSeed Classifications & Seed

Standards

Arnab DasB.Sc. [PlPG/BOTG/ZOOG (B.U. through SBC, Bagati, Magra)]

Dip.PlP. (K.U. through TSRDAM , Nadia)

Prepared by

AcknowledgementPrefaceClassificationQuality of Good SeedSeed Standard of Some Agronomical

cropsBibliography

MENU

We thank a lot to Sengupta, A. , our class teacher for providing his valuable class notes on seed and constant encouragement to us for edition of this manuscript . Our sincere thanks are also due to Mr. Das, A. N. W.B.A.S.(Admn.) for providing his valuable books, diary, etc. to complete the manuscript successfully .

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

In botanical view, seed is a living, viable embryo which has developed after the fertilization of egg cells by pollen inside the embryo sac of ovule in the floral ovary .In agricultural view, seed may be either any plant organ or part of organ; capable of regenerating a progeny(daughter) of same(mother) plant, viz. true-seed, tuber, bulb, corm, rhizome, sucker, runner, sett, offset & crown .

Preface

There are three kinds of classification according to three factors, viz.

Botanical based on number of cotyledon, viz. dicotyledonous & monocotyledonous .

Breeder-classification based on genetical quality(purity) viz. nucleus, breeder’s stock seed, foundation, certified & truthfully label seed .

Classification

Nucleus: It is the initial & lowest quantity of pure seed of an improved variety and generated by original breeder . While more than one variety of the same crop is to be grown for production of nucleus seed, then proper isolation distance must be maintained to retain the purity . It is genetically cent per cent pure . It requires no tag due to be conserved with so restrictions .

Cont’d. -

Breeder’s Stock Seed: It is the progeny of nucleus seed, also maintained by original breeder along with either agr’l university or research institute . It is also cent per cent pure . It requires a golden yellow tag with length of 12cm & width of 6cm .

Cont’d. -

Foundation: It is the progeny of nucleus or breeder seed, maintain by either seed company or progressive farmer under certification of state agr’l dept . It requires a white tag .

Cont’d. -

Certified: It is the progeny of either foundation or registered* seed, produced for mass multiplication among the common farmers and approved by seed certifying agency . It requires a azure blue tag with length of 15cm & width of 7.5cm .

Cont’d. -

Truthfully label: It is the progeny of either certified or registered* seed, supervised by farmer . It requires a opal green tag with length of 15cm & width of 10cm .

Storage-classification based on storage behaviour from the view of moisture-tolerance, viz. orthodox & recalcitrant .

Cont’d. -

Orthodox: These can tolerate loss of moisture & their longevity can be increased by preserving them at low temperature such as papaya, guava, ber, pineapple, citrus(lime, lemon, mandarin, sweet), apple, grape, fig and so on .

Cont’d. -

Recalcitrant: These cannot tolerate desiccation & require a critical level of moisture to survive and can be stored for relatively short duration ranging from a few weaks to a few months; such as mango, litchi, jackfruit, breadfruit and so on .

Cont’d. -

*Registered Seed: It is the progeny of foundation seed raised on land of private growers selected for this purpose and its genetic identity & purity are maintained such as the certified .

Cont’d. -

An improved seed must has following criteria as per Production Mannual of ICAR, 1963 –

Genetic Factor :- 10-15% more yield than local or recently used

varieties . Tolerant to infestation & infection and adverse

situation like natural calamities, soil pH problems, water-logging, etc.

Suitable period for maturity depending upon agro-climatic condition .

Quality of Good Seed

High response to better conditions of growth .

Wide range of adaptibility .Quality acceptable to the market &

consumers .

Cont’d. -

Physical Factor :- Free from other varieties of same or

another crop, weed seed, dirt, etc & other admixture and seed-borne disease .

Good germination as fixed to each kind & variety of crop .

Uniformity in size, colour & weight . Optimum moisture content .

Cont’d. -

However, over all, we may say some criteria to be a good seed as follows –

Have a high vitality and good yielding-ability and adaptibility .

Must be pure & clean and true to the type .Tolerant to infestation & infection .

Cont’d. -

Seed standard may also be termed as seed parameter . It has been formed for foundation & certified classes and minimum limits of germination & physical purity for the labelling purpose . Here some parameters are given for rice, wheat, barley, lentil, grass pea, green gram, black gram, mustard, sesame, jute, cotton .

Seed Standard of Some Agronomical Crops

Pure Seed(min) – F & C: 98%Germination(min) - F & C: 80%Moisture(max) in Ordinary & Vapourproof

Container - F & C: 13% and F & C: 8%TWSs(max) - F: 10/kg & C: 20/kgObjectionable Weed-seeds(max) - F: 2/kg &

C: 5/kg

Rice[Oryza sativa]

Inert Matter(max) - F & C: 2%OCSs(max) - F: 10/kg & C: 20/kgODVs(max) - F: 10/kg & C: 20/kg

Cont’d. -

Pure Seed(min) – F & C: 98%Germination(min) – F & C: 85%Moisture(max) in Ordinary & Vapour-

proof Container - F & C: 12% and F & C: 8%

TWSs(max) - F: 10/kg & C: 20/kgObjectionable Weed-seeds(max) - F: 2/kg &

C: 5/kg

Wheat(Triticum aestivum) & Barley(Hordeum vulgare)

Inert Matter(max) - F & C: 2%OCSs(max) - F: 10/kg & C: 20/kgODVs - Negligible

Cont’d. -


proof Container - F & C: 9% and F & C: 8%

TWSs(max) - F: 10/kg & C: 20/kgObjectionable Weed-seeds(max) - Negligible

Lentil(Lens esculentus syn. culinaris) & Grass pea(Lathyrus sativus)

Inert Matter(max) - F & C: 2%OCSs(max) – F: 5/kg & C: 10/kgODVs(max) - F: 10/kg & C: Negligible

Cont’d. -


proof Container – F: 9% & C: 8%TWSs(max) – F: 5/kg & C: 10/kgObjectionable Weed-seeds(max) –

Negligible

Green gram(Phaseolus aureus) & Black gram(P. mungo)

Inert Matter(max) – F & C: 2%OCSs(max) – F: 5/kg & C: 10/kgODVs(max) – F: 10/kg & C: 20/kg

Cont’d. -


proof Container – F & C: 8% and F & C: 7%

TWSs(max) – F: 10/kg & C: 20/kgObjectionable Weed-seeds(max) – F: 5/kg &

C: 10/kg

Mustard(Brassica nigra/B. campestris/B. alba)


Cont’d. -



TWSs(max) – F: 10/kg & C: 20/kgObjectionable Weed-seeds(max) - Negligible

Sesame[Sesamum indicum]


Cont’d. -


proofContainer – F & C: 9% and F & C: 7%


Jute[Corchorus olitorius & C. capsularis]

Inert Matter(max) – F & C: 3%OCSs(max) – F: 10/kg &C: 20/kgODVs(max) - Negligible

Cont’d. -




Cotton[Gossypium herbacium/G. arboreum/G. hirsutum]

Inert Matter(max) – F & C: 2%OCSs(max) – F: 5/kg & C: 10/kgODVs(max) – Negligible

TWSs: Total Weed SeedsOCSs: Other Crop SeedsODVs: Other Distinguishable Varietis

Contd. -

1. Handbook of Agriculture, ICAR publication(1st. Reprint of 6th. [revised]Edition, 2011); pg: 1289 & pp. 1617

2. Handbook of Horticulture, ICAR publication(11th. Reprint, July,12); pg: 80 & pp. 1069

BIBLIOGRAPHY

3.Dr. Chawhan, D. V. S. - Vegetable Production in India; R. P. & Sons(3rd. Edition, 1981); pg: 57-61 & pp. 352

4. Farmers’ Seed Guide 2009, A diary published by West Bengal State Seed Corporation Ltd.

Cont’d. -

Morning shows the day“ Everything else may wait but not agriculture “ - Pandit Jawaharlal Neheru

CONCLUSIVE ADDRESS

Arnab

Thanking You

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SEED- Arnab