Section II: Feudalism and the Manor Section II: Feudalism and the Manor System System

(Pages 276 - 279)(Pages 276 - 279)

Section II: Feudalism and the Manor Section II: Feudalism and the Manor System System

(Pages 276 - 279)(Pages 276 - 279)

This section is about:This section is about: The impact of the Viking The impact of the Viking

invasions on Europe invasions on Europe (which led to the (which led to the Norman conquest of Norman conquest of England).England).

The social and economic The social and economic structure of feudalism in structure of feudalism in medieval society.medieval society.

Look at page 276: Look at page 276: Main Ideas.Main Ideas.

The word Feudalism is The word Feudalism is in there – we heard in there – we heard about that with Japan.about that with Japan.

Is this the same thing? Is this the same thing? (there’s a picture on (there’s a picture on page 277).page 277).

There are 5 new words There are 5 new words in the vocabulary – in the vocabulary – let’s check those out let’s check those out before we start.before we start.

The Viking Invasions of The Viking Invasions of EuropeEurope

The The VikingsVikings are from are from Northern Europe Northern Europe (Scandinavia).(Scandinavia).

The were called The were called “northmen” or “northmen” or “norsemen”“norsemen”

They were warriors, They were warriors, craftsmen, traders, and craftsmen, traders, and travelers (even came to travelers (even came to the Americas)the Americas)

No one knows why, but No one knows why, but they started invading they started invading people in the 9people in the 9thth century.century.

The Crisis of Power in The Crisis of Power in EnglandEngland

By the 10By the 10thth century, the century, the Vikings had invaded and Vikings had invaded and conquered Charlemagne’s conquered Charlemagne’s empire (after he was empire (after he was gone) and settled in gone) and settled in northern Europe (today northern Europe (today called called NormanNormandy).dy).

The Norman rulers The Norman rulers ((William of NormandyWilliam of Normandy) ) wanted to expand the wanted to expand the empire. empire.

King Edward (England – King Edward (England – with no kids/heirs) with no kids/heirs) promised William he could promised William he could have his throne after he have his throne after he died.died.

But, just before he died, But, just before he died, Edward gave it to Harold, Edward gave it to Harold, Earl of Wessex.Earl of Wessex.

The Norman ConquestThe Norman Conquest

So William invaded So William invaded England (1066).England (1066).

In one battle, Harold In one battle, Harold was killed.was killed.

William marched to William marched to London (now called London (now called William the Conqueror) William the Conqueror) and was crowned King and was crowned King of England (on of England (on Christmas day, 1066).Christmas day, 1066).

This is known as the This is known as the Norman Conquest of Norman Conquest of EnglandEngland

FeudalismFeudalism

Things changed pretty Things changed pretty quick in Englandquick in England

William took land away William took land away from Harold’s nobles from Harold’s nobles and gave it to his own and gave it to his own warriors (as a reward warriors (as a reward for their loyalty).for their loyalty).

This policy of giving This policy of giving land to people who are land to people who are under you is known as under you is known as feudalismfeudalism..

…………..

Land Grants and ServicesLand Grants and Services

The king would give land (a The king would give land (a manormanor) to a lord or knight. ) to a lord or knight.

This manor would be big This manor would be big enough to include a small enough to include a small town or village.town or village.

They would promise to be They would promise to be loyal to the king.loyal to the king.

The lord could give/share The lord could give/share parts of the land to others, parts of the land to others, but the king still owned it.but the king still owned it.

Each person who had a Each person who had a portion of land was called a portion of land was called a vassalvassal..

More…More…

The lord agreed to The lord agreed to protect the vassal. protect the vassal.

The vassal pledged The vassal pledged loyalty to the lord.loyalty to the lord.

The vassal had to pay The vassal had to pay “rent”, and spend 40 “rent”, and spend 40 days in the lords military days in the lords military service every year.service every year.

You could also be a You could also be a vassal and a lord – if you vassal and a lord – if you were given land, and were given land, and passed some of that on passed some of that on to people “below” you.to people “below” you.

You might even have 2 You might even have 2 lords. lords.

The main lord was called The main lord was called a a liege lordliege lord..

If there were If there were disagreements, battles, disagreements, battles, or wars, it could get or wars, it could get complicatedcomplicated

KnighthoodKnighthood The lord of the manor The lord of the manor

was both a noble and a was both a noble and a knight (he had earned knight (he had earned his land by being a good his land by being a good warrior for the king).warrior for the king).

But being a knight But being a knight meant much more than meant much more than that.that.

Their code of conduct Their code of conduct was called was called chivalrychivalry

Had to be loyal, brave, Had to be loyal, brave, honest, and defend the honest, and defend the weak and less privileged.weak and less privileged.

Being a good knight Being a good knight could mean more land, could mean more land, more vassals, more more vassals, more wealth…wealth…

And it took a lot of And it took a lot of money to be a knight: money to be a knight: equipment, horse, equipment, horse, armor, your “peeps” …..armor, your “peeps” …..

Importance of CastlesImportance of Castles

For protection, kings For protection, kings and lords built great and lords built great castles.castles.

Had a moat (more Had a moat (more protection), areas for protection), areas for the family, for weapons, the family, for weapons, for horses, for food for horses, for food (everything they’d need (everything they’d need for a long attack).for a long attack).

They were often near They were often near rivers or important rivers or important trade routes.trade routes.

They were also symbols They were also symbols of status and wealth.of status and wealth.

Women in the Middle AgesWomen in the Middle Ages Women could own land (until Women could own land (until

they got married).they got married). Noble daughters were used for Noble daughters were used for

political, financial, or territorial political, financial, or territorial gains (married off).gains (married off).

The lord often wanted peasant The lord often wanted peasant girls to get married right away – girls to get married right away – and have lots of peasant kids to and have lots of peasant kids to work.work.

Peasant Women: 1 or 2 room Peasant Women: 1 or 2 room cottages and worked in the cottages and worked in the fields, took care of kids, and fields, took care of kids, and cooked (bread, grain, cooked (bread, grain, vegetables, cheese, and soup.vegetables, cheese, and soup.

Manor Ladies: supervised Manor Ladies: supervised peasants in the field, supervised peasants in the field, supervised food and its preparation, trained food and its preparation, trained to spin/weave/make cloth, care to spin/weave/make cloth, care for the sick, entertain, be for the sick, entertain, be musical, know how to play musical, know how to play games, and take care of the games, and take care of the manor when the lord was away.manor when the lord was away.

The Economics of The Economics of FeudalismFeudalism

Wealth was usually Wealth was usually measured in land (and measured in land (and more land meant more more land meant more food).food).

Most people didn't have Most people didn't have any money, so they agreed any money, so they agreed to work the land in to work the land in exchange for “rent.”exchange for “rent.”

The landowner would give The landowner would give them protection, and some them protection, and some food, clothing, and shelter.food, clothing, and shelter.

This system is called This system is called manorialism manorialism

PeasantsPeasants Most people at this time Most people at this time

were peasants.were peasants. Some were free to move Some were free to move

around, but most were around, but most were serfs serfs (peasants who were legally (peasants who were legally bound to their manor).bound to their manor).

Serfs could even be sold Serfs could even be sold with the landwith the land

Most only owned a few tools Most only owned a few tools and some animals.and some animals.

They were not allowed to They were not allowed to leave without the lords leave without the lords permission.permission.

They paid rent in the form of They paid rent in the form of food.food.

They “agreed” to work part They “agreed” to work part of the week in the lord’s of the week in the lord’s fields.fields.

But the lord would supply But the lord would supply them with a place to live and them with a place to live and with protection.with protection.

Technology Brings Improvements to Technology Brings Improvements to FarmingFarming

By the 11By the 11thth century, century, things were a little better things were a little better (plenty of food and less (plenty of food and less wars at the time).wars at the time).

There were some new There were some new farming inventions at this farming inventions at this timetime1.1. An iron plowAn iron plow2.2. A new harness for A new harness for

animal teamsanimal teams3.3. The idea of rotating The idea of rotating

cropscrops Lords began to realize if Lords began to realize if

they didn’t treat their they didn’t treat their people better, they’d people better, they’d leave, so they started leave, so they started treating them bettertreating them better

Horrible Histories: The Viking Report

Horrible Histories: Vicious Vikings

Horrible Histories: Vicious Vikings: Feud and Funerals

Horrible Histories: Nasty Knights: Castle Defenses