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Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars

Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

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Page 1: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

Section 3 (continued)

The Persian Wars

Page 2: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

Persia – Cyrus II

•559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

Page 3: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia
Page 4: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

•545 B.C. – Persia conquers Ionia

Page 5: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

Ionia

Page 6: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

•539 B.C. – conquers Babylon

•538 B.C. – occupies Jerusalem

•530 B.C. – Cyrus is killed in battle

•521 B.C. – Darius takes throne

Page 7: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

Persia under Darius•520 B.C. – commissions a canal to Nile to Red Sea

•520 B.C. - Ionians revolt but are suppressed

•499 B.C. – Ionians revolt again

Page 8: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia
Page 9: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia
Page 10: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

Ionian Revolt Against Persia

•Ionians request help from Greek city-states

•Athens and Eretria sent a few warships to help

•After 5 years, Ionians were defeated

Page 11: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

Darius was angry with Athens for

helping!

Page 12: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

Persians Attack “Greece”

•490 B.C. – Darius sends 600 ships and a well-equipped army to Greece

•Persians landed at Plain of Marathon

•26 miles NE of Athens

Page 13: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia
Page 14: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

The Battle of Marathon•After several days, Persians

decide to sail directly to Athens•As soon as Persians boarded

ships, Greeks ran down hills around Marathon

•Persians caught off-guard and were defeated

Page 15: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

Importance of the Battle of Marathon

Gave Greeks a great sense of confidence!

Page 16: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

After the Battle of Marathon

•Silver mines were found near Athens

•Athenians built triremes (warships with three levels of rowers on each side, one above the other)

•Athens soon had largest Navy in “Greece”

Page 17: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

Hellenic League•481 B.C. - Athens & Sparta (and other city-states- 20)

formed Hellenic League•Athens was prepared if Persia

decided to attack again•Athens led Navy•Sparta led army

Page 18: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

Second Persian War

•480 B.C. – Xerxes (Darius’ son) sent 250,000 soldiers and conquered northern Greece

•Battled Greeks at Thermopylae

Page 19: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

Battle of Thermopylae•7,000 Greek soldiers held off Persian Army for three days

•Allowed enough time for Athens to flee to island of Salamis

•Greeks withdrew

Page 20: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

•300 Spartans and 700 other Greeks stayed behind but were betrayed and killed

•Persians reached Athens, found it deserted, set it on fire

•Persian fleet was tricked into sailing between the strait between Athens and Salamis

Page 21: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia
Page 22: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

•Strait was narrow; only a few ships could pass at a time

•Large Persian ships could not maneuver in strait

•483 Greek ships attacked•Greeks defeated Persian fleet

Page 23: Section 3 (continued) The Persian Wars. Persia – Cyrus II 559 B.C. – Persian King, Cyrus the Great begins conquest of Mesopotamia

Battle of Plateau•Xerxes returned to Asia•479 B.C. Persians attack again at Battle of Plateau

•Persian general is killed•Persian fleet is destroyed