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Section 15: Cranes, Hoists and Rigging

OVERVIEW

The University of California owns many cranes and hoists, with associated rigging, ranging from fractional-ton chain-falls, come-a-longs and chain-hoists, to multi-ton overhead cranes. All kinds of lift-equipment are regulated by CalOSHA / FedOSHA and other regulatory agencies. There are many specific safety-program-requirements and documented inspections required by law and regulated by these agencies. Departments that own/operate this equipment must be able to demonstrate safe-equipment and work-practices are incorporated into their personnel’s work areas, regardless of affiliation with the University. Users of cranes, hoists and rigging must be trained, qualified and then authorized to use specific lift-equipment in specific locations for specific purposes before users are allowed to proceed to use such equipment without direct and knowledgeable supervision by UC-qualified staff. Shop Managers must assure their shop cranes, hoists and rigging are load-tested with supporting documentation of load testing available for regulatory-agency review. In addition, equipment must be routinely inspected for deficiencies and removed from service and repaired or replaced as needed before any unsafe-use.

WHAT IS A CRANE?

A crane is machine for lifting or lowering a load and moving it horizontally, in which the hoisting mechanism is an integral part of the machine. It may be driven manually or be powered and may be a fixed or a mobile machine, but does not include stackers, industrial lift trucks, power shovels, backhoes or excavators.

WHAT IS A HOIST?

A hoist is an apparatus for raising or lowering a load by the application of a pulling force, but does not include any type of horizontal moving device. A hoist is an integral part of any crane but also may be used alone and not as part of a crane.

HOW ARE CRANES / HOISTS / RIGGING RATED?

Cranes, hoists and rigging are generally classified by how much weight they are designed to safely lift and move. In the United States, the lift-capacity is usually noted as “tonnage”. A small crane may have a ¼-ton rating (500 lbs.) while a larger crane may have a 5-ton


rating (10,000lbs.), while extremely large cranes may be designed to lift more than 100 tons (200,000 lbs.).

WHAT LIFT-EQUIPMENT DOES THIS APPLY TO?

This shop reference manual section applies to any overhead lifting device / crane / hoist / and associated rigging that is attached to any building, research facility or equipment owned or operated by the University of California. It outlines CalOSHA-required load testing, maintenance, inspections and operator training for all types of cranes, hoists and associated rigging/lift-gear. There are two classes of cranes/hoists defined according to rated load capacities: “Three Tons and Under (≤3Ton)” and “Over Three Tons (>3Ton)”. The larger cranes are subject to more-stringent inspections, load tests and scheduled maintenance. Smaller cranes / hoists must have initial load tests and documented inspections leading to routine maintenance. This section applies to any shop-work, research, construction, and maintenance activities that utilize such lift equipment.

WHAT ARE LOAD TESTS AND WHEN ARE THEY

REQUIRED?

Load tests are a physical challenge to the fixed lifting equipment that loads the lift equipment beyond its design-load-capacity (110%-125% of rated capacity) in a controlled / safe manner to ensure the lift equipment operates as designed / installed up to its rated load capacity. Load tests must be conducted by a CalOSHA-approved “Certificating Agency”. There are no University of California organizations qualified to conduct load testing. Therefore this service must be contracted by your campus with an outside “Certificating Agency”. The load-testing agency will come to your campus and load-test your cranes, hoists and rigging. Equipment greater than 3-ton capacity may include maintenance service with a revolving load-test completed every 4 years. For equipment 3-tons or less, this may be a one-time load-test to ensure legal compliance and safe-function of the equipment. Contact your EH&S Department to learn more about load testing, and arrange review your lift equipment in preparation for contracting with a “Certificating Agency” for load-testing. Cranes rated above three tons require documented quadrennial (every 4-years) load testing and annual inspection by a CalOSHA “Certificating Agency”. Cranes rated 3-tons and less require a one-time load testing/certifying upon installation, or upon efforts to become code-compliant by crane/hoist owner departments. Cranes may have their load-rating reduced through a documented ‘derating’ process. The requirements of this process are outlined further below.


WHAT ARE THE SPECIFIC LOAD TEST

REQUIREMENTS?

Upon program inception, initial equipment installation, or when conducting quadrennial load tests, the crane / hoist owner-department must: 1. Assure that all crane and hoist components and their attachments to a structure are

engineered to support 125% of maximum load capacity of the equipment component with the lowest load rating. The design of attachment to structure may require a stamp by a Structural Professional Engineer.

2. Arrange for an initial load test of 125% rated capacity and performed by a Certificating Agency (Your campus EH&S can help you with this.).

3. Arrange for initial testing of rigging at 110% - 125% maximum load capacity (to be determined by the Certificating Agency based upon type and use of crane).

4. Ensure rigging is tagged or otherwise marked with load capacities (unless it is an alloy chain when tabulated data may be used).

WHAT KINDS OF CRANES / HOISTS / LIFT

EQUIPMENT ARE THERE?

Bridge Crane

A crane that lifts objects by a hoist hanging from a trolley that moves horizontally on overhead rails riding on top of support beams, all located well above a floor and a permanent part of a building’s structure.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crane_(machine)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoist_(device)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram


Gantry Crane

A crane that lifts objects by a hoist hanging from a trolley and can move horizontally on a rail or pair of rails fitted under a beam. Unlike Bridge Cranes, Gantry Cranes have legs and rollers integral to the support structure and are supported on a flat surface or may roll on rails embedded into the surface upon which the crane sets.

Floor Mounted Jib Crane/Boom Crane

Jib Cranes have a horizontal load-supporting boom, that is attached to a pivoting vertical column. The column is either free-standing or building-mounted. They enable lifting and lowering of a load within a fixed arc of rotation.

Wall Mounted Jib Crane/Boom Crane

A Jib crane permanently mounted to a structure. (See detailed definition above)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crane_(machine)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoist_(device)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tram


Monorail Crane

A crane that travels on a single runway beam permanently attached to a structure.

Anchor Plate (in ceiling)

An anchor plate is a fixed plate in a ceiling / support structure that a crane / hoist hangs from and allow safe vertical movement only. It is not intended to be used for any kind of horizontal movement.

Rail, Track or Beam The horizontal structure attached to a building or framework that is designed / mated specifically to a trolley. The level-installation and cross-section-geometry of a rail / track / beam is critical to safe trolley movement / use. Always use “mated” rail / track / beam and trolleys to ensure the safest long-term use.


Trolley The wheeled carriage that a crane / hoist hangs from that’s used to provide horizontal movement to the lift-equipment. Always use trolleys that are designed “mated” with the geometry of a rail / track / beam.

WHAT KIND OF HOISTS ARE THERE?

Electric-powered Hoist

Air-powered Hoist


Manual-powered Hoist

(Also known as a “Chain-fall” or “Chain Hoist”)

Ratchet Hoist

Come-Along Hoist


WHAT KINDS OF RIGGING ARE THERE?

Slings

(May be constructed of chain, nylon webbing, mesh steel webbing, wire ropes, other types of ropes and braided materials.)

Structural and Mechanical Lifting Devices


WHAT MUST WE DO TO COMPLY WITH

CRANE/HOIST REGULATIONS?

1. Conduct an initial inventory of all crane and hoist equipment under your Department ownership.

2. Determine which equipment stays “in use” and which is to be permanently “locked out” by EH&S and/or disposed of.

3. Arrange for EH&S to permanently “lock out” unused crane/lift equipment or remove to “Overstock and Surplus” on your campus.

4. Determine what program requirements apply to each piece of functioning equipment based upon lift capacity (≤3Ton or >3Ton).

5. Schedule with EH&S and contract with a “Certificating Agency” an initial Inspection/Maintenance/Load Testing of your department’s equipment and rigging.

6. Identify “Qualified Operators and Stand-by Persons” within Department for training. 7. Schedule training of “Qualified Operators” with EH&S. 8. Document Operator Qualifications and successful completion of training and insert

into personnel file with copies sent to EH&S. 9. Destroy and dispose of unwanted or damaged-beyond-repair lift equipment and

rigging. 10. Set up and maintain Records of all “Crane / Hoist Safety Program” activities. 11. For all Cranes/Hoists - Conduct quarterly documented inspections and annual

documented inspections per guidance in the program. 12. For “Cranes Over 3 Ton Capacity” - Arrange for documented annual inspections and

quadrennial load testing, and required maintenance which must be completed by a CalOSHA approved “Certificating Agency”.

WHAT DO WE HAVE TO DO FOR OUR CRANE

RATED MORE THAN 3 TONS?

1. Schedule an initial load test performed by a Certificating Agency. 2. Perform daily (or before use) inspections. 3. Perform and document thorough quarterly in-house inspections. 4. Arrange for annual inspection by a Certificating Agency (This can serve as one of

the quarterly inspections and documentation if provided by the Certificating Agency).

5. Arrange for quadrennial load tests by a Certificating Agency. (This can serve as one of the quarterly and annual inspections and documentation is provided by the Certificating Agency).

6. Remove deficient cranes and/or lift gear from service until they are repaired. 7. Identify Owner-Department person(s) who are “Qualified Operators” to inspect and

operate cranes. 8. Assure “Qualified Operators” are properly trained on crane safe-work practices and

procedures according to your campus training requirements. Document this training as part of your “Qualifying and Authorizing” process.


9. Maintain records of program activities relating to each Department-Owned crane. 10. Contact your campus EH&S department for help with any of the above

requirements.

WHAT DO WE HAVE TO DO FOR OUR CRANE

RATED 3 TONS OR LESS?

1. Arrange for an initial load test performed by a Certificating Agency. 2. Perform daily (or before use) inspections following an Operator checklist. 3. Perform and keep on file documented quarterly in-house inspections using. 4. Remove deficient cranes from service until they are repaired. 5. Identify Owner-Department person(s) who are “Qualified Operators” to inspect and

operate cranes. 6. Assure “Qualified Operators” are properly trained on crane safe-work practices and


7. Maintain records relating to each Department-Owned crane. 8. Contact your campus EH&S department for help with any of the above

requirements.

WHAT DO WE HAVE TO DO IF WE ONLY HAVE A

HOIST?

1. Perform daily inspections each day the hoist is used following an Operator Checklist (see Safety Management Tool Kit).

2. Perform and keep on file documented quarterly in-house inspections using an Operator Checklist (see Safety Management Tool Kit).

3. Remove deficient hoists from service until they are repaired. 4. Identify Owner-Department person(s) who are “Qualified Operators” to inspect and

operate hoists. 5. Assure “Qualified Operators” are properly trained on crane safe-work practices and


6. Maintain records relating to each Department-Owned crane. 7. Contact your campus EH&S department for help with any of the above

requirements.

CAN WE CHANGE THE LOAD-RATING OF A

CRANE/HOIST?

Any crane or hoist may be ‘derated’ to a lesser load rating, but deration must be done by a Certificating Agency with appropriate documentation kept on file. The derated load-rating


must be plainly posted on the lifting-device with permanent signage that covers the original load-rating signage. If the load rating is to be increased beyond the manufactured load rating, such a system must be engineered by structural and mechanical engineers who sign-off and “stamp” the higher load-rating for the lifting-device. The re-engineered system must be load-tested by a Certificating Agency with appropriate documentation kept on file. The higher-rated load-rating must be plainly posted on the lifting-device with permanent signage. Significant cost in engineering/rebuilding the crane or hoist and its support structure are likely to be incurred to re-rate a crane/hoist system to a higher load capacity than originally designed.

WHAT DO WE HAVE TO DO CONCERNING

RIGGING AND LIFT GEAR?

“Below-the-Hook” rigging must have documented annually by owner departments: 1. Pre-use visual inspections by trained “Qualified Operators”, 2. Be included in a documented inventory of all owned lift gear / rigging, and 3. A manufacturer’s load rating label attached to each piece of lift gear / rigging.

For unique, specialty or “homemade” lift gear and structural lifting devices, such devices must be inspected and “stamped” by a Professional Structural or Mechanical Engineer, with their permanent stamp / label attached and prominent load rating displayed on each piece of individual specialty lift equipment.

WHO MUST BE TRAINED, HOW IS IT DONE, AND

WHO PROVIDES IT?

Qualified Crane Operators and Stand-by Persons have specific roles and responsibilities when using crane / hoist equipment. They must be trained on the safe use and inspection of the crane/hoist(s) they work with through a documented training process. As an option, a person may be designated “Qualified Operator” by their supervisor, PI, or Department Manager who have the qualifications and experience themselves to understand the hazards associated with the lift equipment, and the “Qualified Operator’s” skills/knowledge to safely work around those hazards. Regardless of which way qualification occurs, a “Qualified Operator” must be done through a documented process with records kept in the person’s file and the crane log book. For shops where crane operators who are not shop-employees but who do have need to use lift-equipment, a two-step “Qualifying and Authorizing” process must be completed. This process is outlined in detail in “Section 2 – Safety Training” of this reference manual. It includes the Crane / Hoist Operator and/or Stand-by Person being “Qualified” by their Supervisor / PI / Department Manager to use a shop crane/hoist, and then the Shop Manager going through their process to train and “Authorize” the Crane / Hoist Operator and/or Stand-by Person to use the specific shop crane / hoist for specific lift activities only.


Operator Training can be conducted by a “Qualified” Shop Manager, your campus EH&S department, or an outside contractor.

WHAT’S REQUIRED TO “QUALIFY” A CRANE

OPERATOR?

In order to be considered a “Qualified and Authorized” crane operator, a person: 1. Must be an employee of the University, or working under the direct supervision of a

“Qualified” employee of the University. 2. Must be trained on the safe-work practices and inspections of crane and hoist

equipment as it applies to their specific work activities. 3. Must be “Qualified” by their Supervisor through a documented process, and

“Authorized” by a shop manager who’s responsibility includes maintenance and safe-operation of specific crane / hoist / rigging.

4. Must follow the safe-lifting procedures every time a lift is prepared and conducted, or follow specific equipment checklists during inspection and maintenance activities.

5. Must stop all lifting work and bring to the attention of the shop manager any deficiencies, broken equipment or rigging needing repair/replacement and never use any deficient equipment.

6. Must inform EH&S of any crane or hoist that is being permanently locked out due to equipment hazards, when the use of the crane is no longer needed, or due to lack of qualified personnel to operate the crane.

7. May be responsible for procuring equipment or repair services as a department may deem appropriate.

8. May be required to “Lock out and Tag out” any deficient equipment according to the procedures outlined in “Section 8 – Energy Isolation – Lock out Tag out” of this manual to assure no unsafe condition.

WHAT’S REQUIRED OF A STAND-BY/LOAD

POSITIONING PERSON?

In order to be considered “Qualified and Authorized” crane Stand-by / Load Positioning Person must:

Be an employee of the University, or working under the direct supervision of a “Qualified” employee of the University.

Work under the direction of, and in constant communication with, the “Qualified” Crane Operator.


WHAT ARE THE CRANE OPERATOR’S SAFE-

WORK PROCEDURES?

Only employees who have been “Qualified and Authorized” by their Supervisor, PI and/or Shop Manager through a documented training, qualifying and authorizing process may conduct the following work procedures:

For Work Practices, Hazard Evaluation and Control Perform daily, or prior to each use, visual safety inspections of the crane / hoist

equipment following a checklist.

If a crane / hoist has sat idle for more than one week, or the operator does not know when the crane / hoist was last used, document the pre-use inspection.

Document quarterly inspections and keep these inspections on file.

Do not use deficient cranes or hoists and report deficiencies to designated person(s) within the crane / hoist Owner-Department.

Operate cranes safely.

Do not proceed with lifting operations until all known hazards have been eliminated or controlled.

Plan the lift, calculate the crane or hoist load capacity, and ensure that the crane or hoist is used within its limits.

Monitor for rigging deficiencies during each lift.

Stop and do not proceed with lifting operations until newly identified hazards have been eliminated.

May train a Stand-by / Load Positioning Person for a specific and designated lift.

Coordinate the lift with the Stand-by/Load Positioning Person with a pre-lift planning discussion.

Stay in view of the Stand-by/Load Positioning Person at all times during the lift.

Assure clear communication method(s) with Stand-by/Load Positioning Person.

NEVER travel on or stand under a suspended load.

For Rigging and Other Below-the-Hook Devices Perform daily or pre-use visual inspections and document these inspections

annually using the checklists.

Protect rigging from damage while in use.

Properly store rigging to prevent deterioration and damage.

Render unusable and then dispose of deficient rigging.

Ensure Housekeeping and Restricted Areas Assure the floor space is kept clear of obstacles and slippery surfaces for the

operators, riggers, and load positioning personnel.

Set up “Restricted Areas” that include the locations of, and adjacent to, the lift/travel path.


Ensure the lift/travel path of the load is marked by orange cones, yellow tape or other means, to alert persons not aware of the hazards to keep away.

Ensure that no one is allowed under a suspended load EVER!

WHAT ARE THE STANDBY / LOAD-POSITIONING

PERSON’S SAFE-WORK PROCEDURES?

Follow the direction of the crane operator.

Warn persons nearby to stay out of “Restricted Areas”.

Assure clear communication method(s) with crane or hoist operator.

Alert the Crane Operator immediately of any hazards when identified.

Do not interfere with the lifting operation unless the operator permits it.

Stay in view of the operator.

NEVER travel on or put any part of your body under a suspended load.

May guide the load during lift through rigging rope tied to the load or push bars; use gloves and do not wrap the rope around the hand or arm.

NEVER come in direct contact with the load during a lift.

WHAT ARE RIGGING INSPECTIONS, AND WHO

CAN DO THEM?

All lift gear / rigging must be periodically inspected by a qualified person, at least quarterly. As the details of inspection requirements are very technical and based upon the many different kinds of rigging gear, equipment inspections are part of the detailed training for a Crane Operator when they become “Qualified and Authorized”. It’s beyond the scope of this reference manual to go deeply into the inspection requirements. However, the Shop Manager’s Safety Management Tool Kit has full inspection checklists for every type of lift gear, as well as the detailed technical criteria listed by CalOSHA codes that must be visually inspected for during lift-gear / rigging inspections. See your shop manager if you have further questions about equipment inspections, or suspect a piece of lift gear / rigging you want to use is deficient or unsafe.

HOW DO I SELECT LOAD RATINGS, AND

CALCULATE LOAD STRESSES ON RIGGING?

Unless you are a licensed structural or mechanical engineer, you likely do not have the qualifications to design and construct your own specialty lift-gear and rigging. If you must design / build your own specialty below-the-hook lift gear, have your designs reviewed and stamped by a PE (Professional Engineer), and the completed structure reviewed / stamped by a PE and/or a Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory (NRTL) such as Underwriters Lab (UL). Do not use homemade lift gear without doing this. If something


were to fail or go wrong with your lift gear, you would likely be held personally liable for injury or property loss. Don’t take this risk! If you are using slings that are fabricated by a reputable lift-gear manufacturer, look for a stamp of certification from an NRTL, or that the slings are manufactured to applicable ANSI code requirements. This is your assurance you are using lift-gear with a safety margin of strength built-into the lift gear. When selecting the strength of slings, you need to plan the lift by knowing the following:

Approximate load weight,

Approximate center of gravity of the load,

Approximate angles the slings will drape over the lift-hook when under load,

The attachment method of the slings to the hook (will they end at the hook, or loop-through it and reconnect to the load?).

Once you know the above, you can calculate the tensile forces the sling will be subjected to based upon the geometry of the lift. As a rule of thumb, try and keep your sling-lift-angle as small as possible from vertical to limit the internal stresses on the lift-gear / slings. Using longer slings, lifting closer to the center of gravity, and using multiple slings anchored to multiple lift-locations near the center-of-gravity on the object, etc. are all ways to reduce the sling-lift-angle and reduce the stresses internal to the sling(s). In addition, using multiple slings attached individually at the hook and at the anchor on the object will reduce the internal stresses on a sling. Using a single-sling that loops through a hook and connects two anchor points on the object increases the lift-stress on the sling, in fact doubling it where the sling passes through the hook. To ensure your safety, use two or more individual slings attached to the hook and the anchors on the load. Only use a single-sling-two-anchor rigging method when lifting very light loads with lift-gear with strength well in excess of the load capacities needed for a safe lift. And, NEVER wrap a hook with a sling, or tie a sling into a knot around a hook or a lift-anchor. Always use the “eye” loop, shackles, etc. that are part of the sling to capture the hook, capture the anchor, or create the mechanical connection needed to conduct a safe-lift. This will also allow easy removal of the slings from the hook and anchors when the lift is complete. Look at the three simple diagrams below, and use the tables and equations below them, to figure out the load stress on your sling. If your angles are in-between those angles shown in the tables, you can approximate the multiplier or figure out the cosine on your calculator to determine the “Sling-Working-Load” (SWL). Remember, Only select and use slings that have a higher-working-load-rating than your calculated maximum “Sling-Working-Load” stress.


SLING-WORKING-LOAD (SWL) TENSILE-STRESS CALCULATIONS

SINGLE SLING – SINGLE ANCHOR LIFT

TWO SLING – TWO ANCHOR LIFT

SINGLE SLING – TWO ANCHOR LIFT

The sling-working-load

(SWL) equals the total load lifted. Whatever the weight

of the load is, that will be the tensile load lifted by the

sling. It’s a one-to-one ratio. Or…..,

Load = Sling Working Load

[Below are cosine values for Sling Angles (in degrees).]

As two slings are used and discretely attached to the lift hook, the sling-working-load on each sling is ½ the total load divided by the cosine of the sling angle. Or….., (Load) / 2 x Cos(Sling Angle) =

Sling Working Load (SWL)

As one sling is used and looped through the lift-hook, the load on the sling actually doubles when passing through the hook. So, the sling-working-load is the total Load divided by the cosine of the lift angle. Or…,

(Load) / Cos(Sling Angle) = Sling Working Load (SWL)

Cos (10) = 0.98 SWL = Load / (2 x 0.98) SWL = Load / (0.98)







DON’T USE A SLING ANGLE HIGHER THAN 60 DEGREES FROM VERTICAL


WHAT REFERENCES ARE AVAILABLE?

There are numerous places online available for further information and learning about crane / hoist safety. Your EH&S department can also provide technical support and training for your crane / hoist / rigging safety efforts. The primary regulatory drivers of crane safety in California include the CalOSHA Subchapter 7. General Industry Safety Orders, Group 13. Cranes and Other Hoisting Equipment: http://www.dir.ca.gov/Title8/sb7g13.html .

WHAT RECORDS, DOCUMENTATION AND

RESOURCES ARE AVAILABLE TO OPERATORS

AND SHOP MANAGERS?

In the “Shop Manager’s Safety Management Tool Kit”, the companion to this reference manual for shop managers, there are detailed checklists, signage, load-calculation, rigging selection / inspection guides, etc…. to fully implement and manage a Crane / Hoist Safety Program. As far as who maintains records and for how long, the Shop Manager should….

Training Retain Qualifications and Training records for Operators and Stand-by Persons at

least ten years after they have retired or left University employment.

Equipment Inspections Retain any written evidence of daily/pre-use inspections for the last year.

Retain “Quarterly Inspections” for the last three years.

For Crane/Hoist and rigging, initial load tests for less than three ton rated cranes, and quadrennial load tests for over three ton rated cranes, tests for all cranes and “job-made” rigging, retain records for the life of the crane or hoist.

As a reference for the casual learner, the following two pages are samples of forms / templates available to Operators and Shop Managers for documenting the “Qualifying and Authorizing” process for Crane Operators, and a quarterly inspection form that can be used to document a safety inspection of a crane / hoist.

http://www.dir.ca.gov/Title8/sb7g13.html


[THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK FOR DUPLEX PRINTING PURPOSES.]


Crane Operator Qualification Documentation To: Personnel File for: __________________________________________________________ (Print Employee name) From: _________________________________________________ Date: _____________ (Print Supervisor name) This document confirms the Qualification of the above named employee to perform: (Check all that apply)

□ Maintenance or repair on the following crane/hoist equipment within their department (T8CCR§3328)

______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

(Attach an additional page if more space is needed)

□ Operate/inspect overhead cranes and hoists within their department (T8CCR§5006, 5031)

□ Inspect rigging and rig loads to be suspended within their department (T8CCR§5043)

□ Other: ____________________________________________________________________ This designation is based on evidence of safe performance of all duties related to crane/hoist operation and verification by another “Qualified Person” through: (Check all that apply)

□ Training – Appropriate training records1 (including any skill checks or tests) are attached.

□ Experience – This employee has been safely performing and has demonstrated skill in crane/hoist operation for _____ years (minimum of five years).

□ Instruction – This employee has received on the job instruction from me or another employee who is qualified, has observed this employee’s work while performing this operation, and confirms that the employee has the knowledge to perform crane/hoist work safely.

If, for any reason, as their supervisor, I think that this employee is not performing this operation safely, this qualification will be revoked. Below are signature(s) of responsible person(s) verifying training, experience and/or providing instruction: Supervisor Signature: _______________________________________ Date: ________________ Qualifying Person (if not supervisor): ___________________________ Date: ________________ Employee Signature ________________________________________ Date: ________________

cc: EH&S; Supervisor file; Employee and their Personnel File

1 If training is part of the evidence used to qualify this employee, attach records relevant to this qualification.




Daily / Pre-use Checklist and Quarterly Inspection

CRANE/HOIST ID: _______________ LOAD RATING _________________________

OPERATOR/INSPECTOR ________________________________________________

DEPT./OWNER: _____________________ DATE/TIME ________________________

DESCRIBE TASK/PLANNED LIFT: _________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

Crane/Hoist Operator’s Daily / Pre-use Checklist

(Check off as appropriate)

YES NO N/A

Has the crane/hoist and rigging been visually inspected and found to be safe for use prior to the beginning of any lifting work?

Are all electrically operated cranes effectively grounded?

Is the load chart clearly visible to the operator?

Is the rated capacity visibly marked on the crane?

Has the load been calculated and verified to be below the limits of the hoist and rigging?

Are operating controls clearly identified?

Is sufficient illumination provided for the operator to perform the work safely?

Has a lift-plan of action been agreed to by the personnel involved?

Is the path of the operator and stand-by/load positioning person been cleared of slip, trip, and fall obstacles?

Has the lift/travel path been secured or visually marked to prevent entry by anyone?

Quarterly Inspection or when idle more than one month. (In addition to Daily/Pre Use Inspection)

Pass Fail

Functional operating mechanisms have been checked for excessive wear.

Readily accessible ropes, brakes, friction clutches, chain drives, and other parts subject to wear have been inspected.

Wire rope that has been idle for a period of a month or more due to shut-down or storage of a crane is given a thorough inspection before it is placed in service. This inspection is for all types of deterioration and is performed by a qualified person whose approval is required for use of the crane.




QUIZ – CRANES, HOISTS AND RIGGING

1. Which of the following are hazards of cranes, hoists and rigging? a. Being hit from dropped items / overhead work b. Equipment malfunction or breaking c. Damage to loads and/or structures, loads shift or operator miscalculations d. Load instability / rigging failure / structural toppling / failure e. All of the above

2. True or False? Cranes / hoists must have access control at all times. When cranes / hoists are not in use, they’re controls and power-supply should be either locked out, or secured behind a locked door, or preferably both.

3. The primary parts of a bridge or jib crane are:

a. The horizontal movement carriage / trolley b. The monorail beam or boom, and their structural supports c. The hoist d. The electric controls e. A, B and C f. All the above

4. True or False?

Anyone can operate a crane / hoist as long as they have received documented training, have been qualified by their supervisor / PI / manager, and have received training and authorization from a shop manager if the crane / hoist is in a shop.

5. True or False?

When a crane Operator has been “Qualified and Authorized” to conduct specific work tasks using a specific crane in a shop, this allows them to use the crane for any purpose and at any time.

6. You are lifting a load using one sling looped through the hook, and attached to two anchors on the load at either-end of the sling. You estimate the sling-angle to be the maximum allowed of 60 degrees. If the load is 1000 lbs., what will be the “Sling-Working-Load” (SWL)? (Hint: Use the table on page 16 of this section to figure this out….)

a. 500 lbs. b. 750 lbs. c. 1000 lbs. d. 1500 lbs. e. 2000 lbs. f. Another amount not listed above.


** Quiz Answers: 1. E 2. True 3. E - There are many jib cranes and some smaller bridge cranes that are completely manual and have no electric

controls. 4. False – Only UC employees can operate a crane / hoist without supervision. If students or other personnel must

operate a crane / hoist owned by UC, then they must do so under the supervision of a UC employee who is Qualified and Authorized to use that specific crane / hoist for the specific tasks being undertaken.

5. False – The Shop Manager has the exclusive control over authorizing crane-use in their shop. They may Authorize a Crane Operator for carte-blanche use of the crane, or they may limit the crane use to very specific activities and/or limited duration / time.

6. E – 2000 lbs. – Use the equation in the most- lower-right-hand-corner of the table on page 16 to figure out this problem.

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Section 15: Cranes, Hoists and Rigging - Amazon S3safety... · 2017-07-13 · Section 15 – Cranes Hoists and Rigging Safety Page 1 All rights ... The University of California owns