SECTION 12.1-12.3 REVIEW

Arithmetic and Geometric Sequences and Series

12.1 Arithmetic Sequences and Series

An introduction…………

1, 4, 7,10,13

9,1, 7, 15

6.2, 6.6, 7, 7.4

, 3, 6

Arithmetic Sequences

ADDTo get next term

2, 4, 8,16, 32

9, 3,1, 1/ 3

1,1/ 4,1/16,1/ 64

, 2.5 , 6.25

Geometric Sequences

MULTIPLYTo get next term

Arithmetic Series

Sum of Terms

35

12

27.2

3 9

Geometric Series

Sum of Terms

62

20 / 3

85 / 64

9.75

Find the next four terms of –9, -2, 5, …

Arithmetic Sequence

2 9 5 2 7

7 is referred to as the common difference (d)

Common Difference (d) – what we ADD to get next term

Next four terms……12, 19, 26, 33

Find the next four terms of 0, 7, 14, …

Arithmetic Sequence, d = 7

21, 28, 35, 42

Find the next four terms of x, 2x, 3x, …

Arithmetic Sequence, d = x

4x, 5x, 6x, 7x

Find the next four terms of 5k, -k, -7k, …

Arithmetic Sequence, d = -6k

-13k, -19k, -25k, -32k

Vocabulary of Sequences (Universal)

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

d common difference

n 1

n 1 n

nth term of arithmetic sequence

sum of n terms of arithmetic sequen

a a n 1 d

nS a a

2ce

Given an arithmetic sequence with 15 1a 38 and d 3, find a .

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

d common difference

x

15

38

NA

-3

n 1a a n 1 d

38 x 1 15 3

X = 80

63Find S of 19, 13, 7,...

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

d common difference

-19

63

??

x

6

n 1a a n 1 d

?? 19 6 1

?? 353

3 6

353

n 1 n

nS a a

2

63

633 3S

219 5

63 1 1S 052

16 1Find a if a 1.5 and d 0.5 Try this one:

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

d common difference

1.5

16

x

NA

0.5

n 1a a n 1 d

16 1.5 0.a 16 51

16a 9

n 1Find n if a 633, a 9, and d 24

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

d common difference

9

x

633

NA

24

n 1a a n 1 d

633 9 21x 4

633 9 2 244x

X = 27

1 29Find d if a 6 and a 20

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

d common difference

-6

29

20

NA

x

n 1a a n 1 d

120 6 29 x

26 28x

13x

14

Find two arithmetic means between –4 and 5

-4, ____, ____, 5

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

d common difference

-4

4

5

NA

x

n 1a a n 1 d

15 4 4 x x 3

The two arithmetic means are –1 and 2, since –4, -1, 2, 5

forms an arithmetic sequence

Find three arithmetic means between 1 and 4

1, ____, ____, ____, 4

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

d common difference

1

5

4

NA

x

n 1a a n 1 d

4 1 x15 3

x4

The three arithmetic means are 7/4, 10/4, and 13/4

since 1, 7/4, 10/4, 13/4, 4 forms an arithmetic sequence

Find n for the series in which 1 na 5, d 3, S 440

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

d common difference

5

x

y

440

3

n 1a a n 1 d

n 1 n

nS a a

2

y 5 31x

x40 y4

25

12

x440 5 5 x 3

x 7 x440

2

3

880 x 7 3x 20 3x 7x 880

X = 16

Graph on positive window

Example: The nth Partial Sum

The sum of the first n terms of an infinite sequence is called the nth partial sum.

1( )2n nnS a a

Example 6. Find the 150th partial sum of the arithmetic sequence, 5, 16, 27, 38, 49, …

1 5 11 5 11 6a d c

11 6na n 150 11 150 6 1644a

150

1505 1644 75 1649 123,675

2S

Example 7. An auditorium has 20 rows of seats. There are 20 seats in the first row, 21 seats in the second row, 22 seats in the third row, and so on. How many seats are there in all 20 rows?

1 20 1 19d c

1 201 20 19 1 39na a n d a

20

2020 39 10 59 590

2S

Example 8. A small business sells $10,000 worth of sports memorabilia during its first year. The owner of the business has set a goal of increasing annual sales by $7500 each year for 19 years. Assuming that the goal is met, find the total sales during the first 20 years this business is in operation.

1 10,000 7500 10,000 7500 2500a d c

1 201 10,000 19 7500 152,500na a n d a

20

2010,000 152,500 10 162,500 1,625,000

2S

So the total sales for the first 2o years is $1,625,000

12.2 Geometric Sequences and Series

1, 4, 7,10,13

9,1, 7, 15

6.2, 6.6, 7, 7.4

, 3, 6

Arithmetic Sequences

ADDTo get next term

2, 4, 8,16, 32

9, 3,1, 1/ 3

1,1/ 4,1/16,1/ 64

, 2.5 , 6.25

Geometric Sequences

MULTIPLYTo get next term

Arithmetic Series

Sum of Terms

35

12

27.2

3 9

Geometric Series

Sum of Terms

62

20 / 3

85 / 64

9.75

Vocabulary of Sequences (Universal)

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

r common ratio

n 1

n 1

n1

n

nth term of geometric sequence

sum of n terms of geometric sequ

a a r

a r 1S

r 1ence

Find the next three terms of 2, 3, 9/2, ___, ___, ___

3 – 2 vs. 9/2 – 3… not arithmetic3 9 / 2 3

1.5 geometric r2 3 2

3 3 3 3 3 3

2 2 2

92, 3, , , ,

2

9 9 9

2 2 2 2 2 2

92, 3, , ,

27 81 243

4 8,

2 16

1 9

1 2If a , r , find a .

2 3

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

r common ratio

1/2

x

9

NA

2/3

n 1n 1a a r

9 11 2

x2 3

8

8

2x

2 3

7

8

2

3 128

6561

Find two geometric means between –2 and 54

-2, ____, ____, 54

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

r common ratio

-2

54

4

NA

x

n 1n 1a a r

1454 2 x

327 x 3 x

The two geometric means are 6 and -18, since –2, 6, -18, 54

forms an geometric sequence

2 4 1

2Find a a if a 3 and r

3

-3, ____, ____, ____

2Since r ...

3

4 83, 2, ,

3 9

2 4

8 10a a 2

9 9

9Find a of 2, 2, 2 2,...

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

r common ratio

x

9

NA

2

2 2 2r 2

22

n 1n 1a a r

9 1

x 2 2

8

x 2 2

x 16 2

5 2If a 32 2 and r 2, find a

____, , ____,________ ,32 2

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

r common ratio

x

5

NA

32 2

2n 1

n 1a a r

5 1

32 2 x 2

4

32 2 x 2

32 2 x4

8 2 x

*** Insert one geometric mean between ¼ and 4***

*** denotes trick question

1,____,4

4

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

r common ratio

1/4

3

NA

4

xn 1

n 1a a r

3 114

4r 2r

14

4 216 r 4 r

1,1, 4

4

1, 1, 4

4

7

1 1 1Find S of ...

2 4 8

1a First term

na nth term

nS sum of n terms

n number of terms

r common ratio

1/2

7

x

NA

11184r

1 1 22 4

n1

n

a r 1S

r 1

71 12 2

x12

1

1

71 12 2

12

1

€

=127

128

Section 12.3 – Infinite Series

1, 4, 7, 10, 13, …. Infinite Arithmetic No Sum

3, 7, 11, …, 51 Finite Arithmetic n 1 n

nS a a

2

1, 2, 4, …, 64 Finite Geometric n

1

n

a r 1S

r 1

1, 2, 4, 8, … Infinite Geometricr > 1r < -1

No Sum

1 1 13,1, , , ...

3 9 27Infinite Geometric

-1 < r < 11a

S1 r

Find the sum, if possible: 1 1 1

1 ...2 4 8

1 112 4r

11 22

1 r 1 Yes

1a 1S 2

11 r 12

Find the sum, if possible: 2 2 8 16 2 ...

8 16 2r 2 2

82 2 1 r 1 No

NO SUM

Find the sum, if possible: 2 1 1 1

...3 3 6 12

1 113 6r

2 1 23 3

1 r 1 Yes

1

2a 43S

11 r 312

Find the sum, if possible: 2 4 8

...7 7 7

4 87 7r 22 47 7

1 r 1 No

NO SUM

Find the sum, if possible: 5

10 5 ...2

55 12r

10 5 2 1 r 1 Yes

1a 10S 20

11 r 12

The Bouncing Ball Problem – Version A

A ball is dropped from a height of 50 feet. It rebounds 4/5 of

it’s height, and continues this pattern until it stops. How far

does the ball travel?50

40

32

32/5

40

32

32/5

40S 45

504

10

1554

The Bouncing Ball Problem – Version B

A ball is thrown 100 feet into the air. It rebounds 3/4 of

it’s height, and continues this pattern until it stops. How far

does the ball travel?

100

75

225/4

100

75

225/4

10S 80

100

4 43

1

0

10

3