Science F5 C5 Motion

7/31/2019 Science F5 C5 Motion

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SCIENCEFORM 5

CHAPTER 5

MOTION


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5.1 The motion of vehicles on land

Two types: V with engines V without engines- moved by natural energy

(humans/animals) (eg. Bicycle or horse cart)

Iron chain pedal

hub

sprocketMetal rim brake


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The principle of operations of vehicles withengines

Use fuels-petrol and diesel Combustion of fuel is based on internal combustion Eg. Cars and buses, lorry Two types of engines:

Four stroke petrol engine Four stroke diesel engine


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Four stroke petrol engine Use petrol 4-stroke means: the piston in each cylinder makes four movements up

and down the cylinder in a cycle


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Four stroke diesel engine


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Comparison between the four strokepetrol and diesel engine

FOUR STROKE PETROL ENGINE FOUR STROKE DIESEL ENGINE

Fuel-petrol Fuel-diesel

Spark plugs are used Spark plugs are not used

Petrol enters the cylinder through the inlet valve Diesel is injected into the cylinder by the fuel injector

The compression ratio is lower The compression ratio is higher

The exhaust gases contain less pollutants The exhaust gases contain more pollutants

It is lighter and cheaper It is heavier and more expensive

The engine wall is thinner The engine wall is thicker

The engine is quieter The engine is noisier

It is used in cars It is used in lorries

It has carburettor It does not have a carburettor

It is more efficient in high speed It is more efficient in low speed


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The movement of the ticker tape


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Example 1


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Example 2


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Example 3


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5.3 Inertia

Capability of an object to oppose its originalstate, whether the object is stationary ormoving

MASS: Mass is defined as the amount of matter. The SI

unit of mass is kilogram (kg). Mass is a scalar

quantity.


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Example 4


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Example 5


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Example 6


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Example 7


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Safety features in vehicles which arerelated o Inertia

1. Equip the car with seat belts2. Equip the car with air bags

3. Equip the car with headrests


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5.4 Momentum


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Example 8


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Principle of conservation momentum


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Example 9: Both objects are in samedirection before the collision


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Example 10: Both objects are inopposite direction before the collision


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Types of collision

i) Inelastic collisions-two objects collide andmove together after the collision.

ii) Elastic collisions- two objects are collide andthen move separately after the collision.


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Example 11: Inelastic collision


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Application of momentum


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5.5 Pressure


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Example 12

500 Newtons

2m

5m

4m

A box which is measures 2m x 5m x 4m and weighs 500 N is placed on thefloor. Calculate the pressure exerted by the box when the area of its surfacein contact with the floor is

a) Minimumb) Maximum


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Solutions:a) 2m

4m

The minimum surface area is 2mx 4m

Pressure = 500/ (2x 4)

= 62.5 Pa

b)

5m4m

The maximum surface area is 4mx 5m

Pressure = 500/ (4x5)

= 25 Pa


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Application of Pressure


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5.6 Principle of Hydraulic system


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Hydraulic system


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Example 13


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Application of Hydraulic system 1


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Application of Hydraulic system 2


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5.7 Motion of vehicles in water

Example:- Rowing boat Sailing ship Ship

An object that moves in water, faces aresisting force that slows down its motion .

Designed of ships are streamlined shape and flatsurface


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Archimedess Principle


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Example 14


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Relationship between upthrust andweight


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Example 15


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5.8 Motion of vehicles in Air

Example:-Hot air balloon-Helicopter- Aeroplane


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Application of Bernoullis Principle

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Science F5 C5 Motion