-

- . -07 .. :

.. 2011

3

41.

4

42.

53.

64.

65. .

65.1.

6( )

75.2. ( )

86. .

107.

108.

108.1. ( )

118.2. ( )

118.3. ()

129.

13

14

. , , , , , , , -.

, , . , . , .

11-3502 2-25 . 20 25 2-6 . .

, . , . .

. .

. , . , , , . , , , . . , , , . . -, -, - , . 1000 2.

1.

(.. ), ( ). ( , , , F, ).2.

Q

-

-

- ( )

- ( . LV [1] =110,8 0)

- ( . XI [1] )

- , 0

- , 0 :

G

Q ,

- ( . XI [1] )

- ( 350)

- ( 150)

:

:

3. F:

= 300 ( . 4.8[1] )

F:

= 300

:

Re > 15000 d = 25x2

w :

/,

d = 25 2(2 = 21

= 0,89 ( (t = (t2 + t2)/2 = 25 ( . VI [1]) = 997 /3 (t = (t2 + t2)/2 = 25 ( . XXXIX [1])

:

V = G/ = 16,62/997 = 0,0166 3/ 25x2 , V = 0,0166 3/ Re = 15000:

Re = 15000, n/z - d = 252 :

4.

4.12 [1] n/z - D = 600 , 252 , z = 4 n = 206:

15121-79 -: F = 32 2

( )

d = 25x2

D =

s. = 0,018 2 n = 206 ( )5. . 5.1.

( ) :

G , /

-

-

- ()

- ( . VI [1] : 26,40 )

:

- ( . XXXIX [1] : 26,40 )

:

:

(),

5.2. ( )

- ( )

,

- ( . XLIV[1] = 870 ) ()

- ( . X [1] : 110,80 )

- ( . V [1] 110,80 )

:

- ( . XXXI[1])

- ( . XXXI [1] )

- ,

- ( . XXVIII [1] )

:

6. . 6.1. ( )

:

G , / -

-

- ()

- ( . VI [1] : 16,370 )

:

- ( . XXXIX [1] : 16,370 )

:

:

(),

6.2. ()

:

- ()

()

- ( . 4.12 [1] )

- ( . V [1] 800 )

:

- ,

- ( . [1] : 800 )

:

:

(),

:

- ( . XXXI [1] )

- ( . XXXI [1])

- ,

- ( . XXVIII [1] )

:

7.

:

8. 8.1. ( ) :

- , / - ,

- ( . XXXIX [1]

EMBED Equation.3 )

-

-

:

- , :

- ( . 2.6 [2] ) :

8.2. ( ) , :

: ( . 2.7 [2] ) :

- ( . 2.6 [2] )

- ( )

:

:

8.3. ()

:

- ( . 2.6 [2] )

- ( . IX [1] )

:

:

9. 9.1.

8

D - , p ,

- , /2 () - , - , ( =1, .. , ) ,

, 9.2.

R , ( R=D H=0.25D)

, .. ,

8

15121-79 -

:

25*2

( ):

( ):

1. . .. , .. , .. : .: , 2004. 576 .2. . . . .. , 3- ., . .: , 2007 496.3. .. . : . .:. . -, 1981. 382 ., .4. .. . :

.-10- ., , . .1973.- : , 2004.-753.;

EMBED Equation.3

EMBED Equation.3

I

Q

Q

t2

110,80

110,80

350

17,750

110,80

800

17,750

150

II

EMBED Equation.3

t2x

t1

PAGE 5

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