SCHEME - E Fourth Semester TC - dktes. · PDF file3 Technology of Dyeing-I TOD 12542 05 ... Types of faults in grey fabric, ... Scouring of knit goods, coloured woven goods, concept

w. e. f Academic Year 2009-10 ‘E’ Scheme

MSBTE - Final Copy Dt. 01/04/2010 1

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, MUMBAI TEACHING AND EXAMINATION SCHEME

COURSE NAME : DIPLOMA IN TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY COURSE CODE : TC DURATION OF COURSE : SIX SEMESTERS/THREE YEARS WITH EFFECT FROM 2009-10 SEMESTER : FOURTH DURATION : 16 WEEKS FULL TIME / PART TIME : FULL TIME – SEMESTER PATTERN SCHEME - E

TEACHING SCHEME EXAMINATION SCHEME

TH (1) PR (04) OR (8) TW (9) SR. NO SUBJECT TITLE Abbrev

iation SUB

CODE TH TU PR PAPER HRS. MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN

SW (16004)

1 Technology of Sizing & Bleaching TSB 12540 04 -- 03 03 100 40 -- -- -- -- 25@ 10

2 Chemistry of Synthetic Fibers CSF 12541 03 -- 03 03 100 40 50# 20 -- -- 25@ 10 3 Technology of Dyeing-I TOD 12542 05 -- 03 03 100 40 50# 20 -- -- 25@ 10

4 Elements of Chemical Engineering Operations ECE 12543 04 -- -- 03 100 40 -- -- -- -- -- --

5 Chemistry of Dyes and Pigments CDP 12544 03 -- -- 03 100 40 -- -- -- -- -- --

6 Elements of Electrical Engg. & Mechanics EEE 12545 02 -- 02 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 25@ 10

7 Professional Practices- III PPR 12546 -- -- 03 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 50@ 20 8 Industrial Training ** INT 12547 -- -- * -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --

50

Total 21 -- 14 -- 500 -- 100 -- -- -- 150 -- 50 Student Contact Hours Per Week: 35 Hrs. THEORY AND PRACTICAL PERIODS OF 60 MINUTES EACH. Total Marks : 800 @ Internal Assessment, # External Assessment, No Theory Examination, ** For Six Weeks During Summer Break. The assessment will be done during Fifth Semester. Abbreviations: TH-Theory, TU- Tutorial, PR-Practical, OR-Oral, TW- Termwork, SW- Sessional Work

Conduct two class tests each of 25 marks for each theory subject. Sum of the total test marks of all subject are to be converted out of 50 marks as sessional work (SW).

Progressive evaluation is to be done by subject teacher as per the prevailing curriculum implementation and assessment norms. Code number for TH, PR, OR and TW are to be given as suffix 1, 4, 8, 9 respectively to the subject code.

MSBTE - Final Copy Dt. 01/04/2010 12540 TC4 2

COURSE NAME : DIPLOMA IN TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE : TC

SEMESTER : FOURTH

SUBJECT TITLE : TECHNOLOGY OF SIZING AND BLEACHING

SUBJECT CODE : 12540

Teaching & Examination Scheme:

Teaching Scheme Examination Scheme

TH TU PR PAPER HRS. TH PR OR TW TOTAL

04 -- 03 03 100 -- -- 25@ 125

NOTE:

Two tests each of 25 marks to be conducted as per the schedule given by MSBTE.

Total of tests marks for all theory subjects are to be converted out of 50 and to be

entered in mark sheet under the head Sessional Work. (SW)

Rationale:

The students should have knowledge of the chemical behaviour of the ingredients used in the

sizing process. This subject intends to impart the knowledge of the properties, uses and testing of

sizing ingredients.

The chemical processing of the textiles is divided in number of different stages like scouring,

bleaching, dyeing, printing and finishing. At every stage the fabric is either prepared for subsequent

stage or it is given the final form so that it can be put to the intended to use. Bleaching is important

stage in the sequence. This subject intends to give chemical and technological knowledge and skills of

the chemical processing of textiles.

OBJECTIVES:

The students will be able to:

• Get the knowledge of various sizing ingredients and their role in sizing process.

• Know the various pretreatments given to different textile fibres and their importance in

textile wet processing.

• Study the check points and testing procedures at various levels in pretreatments.


LEARNING STRUCTURE:

Application Procedure Principle Concept Facts

Study operation of sizing. Testing of adhesive and softners.

Characteristics of adhesive, softners, sizing ingreadients like thickners, softners.

Sized yarn

Various processed hydrogen peroxide, hypocholorite bleached and sodium hydroxide and ammonia mercerized textiles.

Principles of scouring, bleaching and mercerisation.

Chemistry of sizing ingredients.

Methods for scouring with sodium hydroxide.Bleaching with hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite. Methods to assess the quality of bleaching , mercerization.

Scoured, Bleached, Mercerized textile products and required machinery.

To study the sizing technology. To understand the various preparatory stages of fabric processing of textile products.


Chapter Name of the Topic Marks Hours

01

Sizing Objects of sizing, sizing ingredients and their functions, Types of adhesives, Adhesives for cotton, polyester, acrylic and nylon yarn / filaments. Chemistry, physical and chemical properties of starch, CMC, PVA. Concept of gelatinization temperature, keeping and congealing property of starches. Chemistry of oils, fats, waxes used as softeners in sizing. Physical, chemical properties of softeners. Testing of starches and softeners. Concept of saponification value, iodine value. Types of sizing, size paste formulation for cotton (20s , 40s , 60s and 100s ) P/C, P/V yarn.

20 14

02

Mechanical Preparation of fabrics Introduction & importance of pretreatments, Pretreatment sequences for yarn, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, synthetics & their blends. Grey Inspection Importance of grey inspection, Types of faults in grey fabric, Four point & Ten point system of fabric inspection, criteria for rejection, Types of stitching, Inspection machines for woven and knit goods. Shearing and Cropping Objects, working principle of shearing & cropping machine. Singeing Objects of singeing, Methods of singeing, construction & working principle of gas singeing machine, singeing of yarn, woven, knits synthetic & blended fabrics. Evaluation of the efficiency of singeing.

16 08

03

Desizing Identification of size in grey fabric, objects, mechanism of desizing, Types of desizing, enzyme desizing, factors affecting action of enzymes, Batch wise & continuous method of desizing. Evaluation of the efficiency of desizing.

08 06

04

Scouring Objects, mechanism of scouring & reactions involved in scouring, Concept of alkaline scouring, solvent scouring, bio scouring. Scouring of cotton, synthetics and their blends. Scouring of knit goods, coloured woven goods, concept of causticization. Batchwise, semi continuous & continuous methods of scouring, construction & working principle of kier, J-box, Jigger & soft flow machine. Evaluation of the efficiency of scouring.

12 08

05

Bleaching Objects, types of bleaching agent, chemistry of H2 O2 bleaching agent, comparison between H2 O2 & NaOCl. Bleaching of cotton, polyester and their blends with H2 O2. Bleaching of knits, coloured woven goods Batch wise, semi continuous & continuous methods of bleaching. Evaluation of the efficiency of bleaching . Outline of developments in bleaching.

14 10

06 Mercerization Objects, various changes brought about by mercerization, concept of cellulose conversion during mercerization, factors affecting the

20 12


mercerization process. Yarn mercerization, machines used for woven and knitted fabric. Concept of hot mercerization and liquid ammonia mercerization. Evaluation of the efficiency of mercerization by Barium Activity Number,

07

Preparation of Protein Preparatory process sequence for woolen and worsted goods. Scouring of wool in top & fabric form, Outline of carbonization, crabbing, milling, Preparatory process sequence for silk goods. Degumming of silk, objects, degumming with soap, alkali and enzyme.

10 06

TOTAL 100 64 Practical: Skills to be developed: Intellectual skills:

1) Learn desizing, scouring & bleaching method. 2) Identify mercerized goods. 3) Understanding mercerization process.

Motor skill:

1) Acid desizing, open scouring, peroxide bleach of cellulosic material. 2) Correlating mercerization efficiency with BAN.

List of Practical:.

1. Desizing of cotton with acids and enzymes. 2. Desizing of cotton with hypochlorite. 3. Scouring of cotton yarn / fabric by pressure boil technique. 4. Open boil scouring of cotton. 5. Scouring of coloured goods. 6. Combined desizing and scouring of woven and knitted goods. 7. Bio scouring of knit goods. 8. Scouring of wool and silk. 9. Scouring of acrylic. 10. Scouring of nylon. 11. Scouring of polyester and its blend. 12. Bleaching of yarn, woven and knitted goods. 13. Bleaching of wool and silk. 14. Bleaching of nylon and acrylics. 15. Bleaching of polyester and its blends. 16. Combined desizing, scouring and bleaching of cellulosic material. 17. Determination of BAN of mercerized goods. 18. Determination of Axial Ratio of mercerized goods.


Learning Resources: Books:

Sr. No. Author Title Edition Year of

Publication Publisher

1 D.B.Ajgaonkar, M.K.Talukdar, V.R.Wadekar

Sizing 1st 1982 Textile trade press Ahamedabad.

2. R.M.Mittal, S.S.Trivedi

Chemical Processing of Polyester / Cellulosic blends

2nd 1983 ATRIA., Ahamedabad

3. J.T.Marsh Mercerization 1st 1979 B.I. Publication, Mumbai.

4. V.A.Shenai Technology of Bleaching -- -- Sevak Publication,

Mumbai.



COURSE CODE : TC

SEMESTER : FOURTH

SUBJECT TITLE : CHEMISTRY OF SYNTHETIC FIBERS





03 -- 03 03 100 50# -- 25@ 175

NOTE:




Rationale:

Chemical processing of textiles is an art of improving the overall value various fibrous

materials. These textile fibres can be synthetic fibres too. In recent days the use of such fibres has

increased tremendously due to their excellent properties. The processing technologist must have the

adequate knowledge of these synthetic fibres, as there are special methods to treat them.

Objectives:


• Get the knowledge of manufacturing processes and properties of synthetic fibres.

• Study unconventional fibres and their industrial application.


LEARNING STRUCTURE:

To know the properties and preparation of different fibres.

Industrial fibres & synthetic fiber.

Principle of melt, dry and wet spinning. Mechanism of modification of synthetic fibres.

LOY, MOY, FOY, POY, HOY Yarns. Manufacturing of polyester, Nylon, Acrylic.

Structure of polyester, nylon, polypropelene, PVC, Lycra fibres.

Application

Procedure

Principle

Concept

Facts


CONTENTS – THEORY

Chapter Marks Hours

01

Fundamentals of Fibre Spinning General principles of the spinning process Concept of melt spinning ,General features and essential requirements of melt spinning, Theory of solidification of polymer in melt spinning techniques, Formation of fibre structure during spinning, Total sequence of polymer flow in melt spinning, Melt spinning equipment - melting devices, static device, filters, manifold, spin-pack, quenching zone. Take-up winders, Concept of high speed spinning, Direct melt spinning, Concept of LOY, MOY, POY, HOY, FOY yarns.

24 12

02

Polyester Fibres Raw materials synthesis, Manufacturing process of polyester, Physical and chemical properties, uses of polyester, Manufacturing process, properties and application of polyester micro fibres, Modified polyester fibres like hollow fibre, hydrophilic fibre, low pilling, Flame retardant fibre, CDPET.

20 12

03

Polyamide Fibres Raw materials synthesis#3, Manufacturing process of Nylon- 6 and Nylon-66, Physical and chemical properties of Nylon-6 & Nylon-66, uses of Nylon. Modified nylon fibres like hydrophilic, antistatic, low pilling, Flame retardant, differentially dyeable nylon

20 08

04

Acrylic Fibres Raw materials synthesis#4, Manufacturing process of acrylic & modacrylic, Physical and chemical properties of acrylic and modacrylic, uses of acrylic & modacrylic, Modified acrylic fibres like hydrophilic fibre, low pilling, flame retardant, bicomponent fibres.

16 08

05

Industrial Fibres Manufacturing process, physical, chemical properties and uses of polyethylene fibres, polypropylene fibres, glass fibres and carbon fibres. lycra fibres

20 08

Total 100 Practical:

Skills to be developed;

Intellectual skills:

1. Identify fibres by different methods.

2. Analyzing accessible region & damage of fibre.

3. Analyses of blend.

Motor skill:

1. Microscopic or chemical method of analysis.


2. Idometric titration, oxy & hydro cellulose detection.

3. Chemical dissolution method for blend.

List of Practicals:

1. Identification of fibres by microscopic method.

2. Identification of fibres by chemical methods - I

3. Identification of fibres by chemical methods – II

4. Identification of fibres from binary blends by chemical methods I

5. Identification of fibres from binary blends by chemical methods II

6. Identification of fibres from tertiary blends by chemical methods

7. Determination of accessible region of cotton

8. Determination of accessible region of PET by iodine absorption method

9. Quantitative analysis of blend I

10. Quantitative analysis of blend II

11. Detection of oxy – cellulose & Hydro cellulose


Sr. No. Author Title Edition

Year of


1 V.C.Gupta, V.K.Kothari

Manufactured Fibre Technology 1st 1997 Chapmang Hall

2. S.K.Mukhop-adhyay

Advances in Fibre Science 2nd 1992 Cadio back The Text.

Inst.

3. A.A.Vaidya Production of synthetic fibres 1st 1988 Prenti Hall of Ind.

4. Jordon Cook Synthetic Fibres 5th 2005 Wonderhead Publication



COURSE CODE : TC

SEMESTER : FOURTH

SUBJECT TITLE : TECHNOLOGY OF DYEING - I





05 -- 03 03 100 50# -- 25@ 175

NOTE:




Rationale:

The chemical processing of textiles is a value addition process by way of enhancing the

aesthetic properties through dyeing and printing. In the second year of this course, the students are

taught about the dyeing and printing of textiles with various types of dyes and pigments along with

different methods, and styles. The students are also made acquainted with the operations of the

machines involved in these processes. In general this subject is devised to impart the knowledge and

skills in the areas of dyeing and printing of the textiles.

Objectives:


• Get the basic concepts in dyeing of cellulosic material.

• Know the technology of dyeing of cellulosic material with various classes of dyes.

• Differentiate the various dyeing techniques and their advantages and disadvantages.


LEARNING STRUCTURE:

Dyes, pigments, Dyeing, Dyeing machine.

Principles of dyeing with reactive, vat, sulphur, basic dyes. Rate of diffusion of dyes in cellusocis.

Different dyeing procedures for dyes like reactive, vat, basic, sulphur, acid etc.

Vat dye, Acid dye, Sulphur dye, Azoic dye, reactive dye, yarn dyeing machine, fabric dyeing machine, fibre dyeing machine. Fibre, yarn & fabric dyeing machine.

Procedure

Principle

Concept

Facts

To understand various dyeing, techniques with all fixation methods. Working of dyeing machines. Application


CONTENTS: THEORY Chapter Name of the Topic Marks Hours

01

Introduction to Dyeing Colour - Hue, Value & Chroma Colour mixing – Additive Colour mixing and Subtractive Colour mixing Essential properties of Dyes and Pigments Light and Colour Colour and chemical constitution – Chromophores, Chromogen & Auxochromes. Classification of dyes - according to use & according to chemical constitution. Definition of - Affinity, Substantivity, Exhaustion, MLR, Percentage shade, Percentage expression. Dyeing Assistants – Sequestering agents, Exhausting agents, Dispersing agents, Levelling agents, Retarding agents Mechanism of Dyeing – Adsorption, Absorption, Fixation

12 10

02

Direct Dyeing Properties, Classification, Mechanism, Effect of - electrolytes, temperature, liquor ratio Application on – cotton, protein fibres After-treatments with – Metallic salts, chromium compounds, formaldehyde, cationic dye fixing agents, basic dyes (topping), diazotization and development Fastness properties Faults and remedies

08 08

03

Reactive Dyeing Reactive Dyes - Properties, Classification Chemical reaction, Effect of dyeing parameters Methods of dyeing with cold brand, hot brand, high-exhaust brand, ME brand, VS brand dyes Dyeing techniques – Exhaust, Pad-batch, Continuous Aftertreatments, Faults and remedies Reactive dyes on silk, wool Fastness properties

14 12

04

Vat Dyeing Vat Dyes - Properties, Classification Application steps – vatting, dyeing, oxidation, aftertreatment Methods – Leuco-vat dyeing (exhaust, padding), Pigmentation, vat acid Fastness properties Faults and remedies

12 10

05

Solubalised Vat Dyeing Properties Steps involved in dyeing Dyeing method Fastness properties Faults and remedies

08 04

06 Sulphur Dyeing Sulphur Dyes - Properties, Classification Application steps – Reduction, dyeing, oxidation, aftertreatment

10 08


Fastness properties Faults and remedies

07

Azoic Dyeing Properties Naptholation, Diazotisation, Coupling Shop floor method of application on cotton Aftertreatments Fastness properties Faults and remedies

12 08

08

Dyeing with Basic Dyes Properties Mechanism of dyeing on – cellulosic fibres, protein fibres Dyeing of silk fibre Dyeing of wool fibre Dyeing of cellulosic fibres Aftertreatments Fastness properties

08 06

09

Dyeing With Acid Dyes Acid dyes – Properties, Classification Dyeing mechanism of protein fibres Dyeing of silk fibre Dyeing of wool fibre Aftertreatments Fastness properties Dyeing With Metal Complex Dyes Metal Complex dyes - Properties, Classification Dyeing mechanism of protein fibres Dyeing of wool fibre Aftertreatments Fastness properties

10 08

10

Dyeing With Natural Dyes Classification of natural dyes Properties Application on cellulosic material Faults and remedies

06 06

Total 100 80 Practical:

Skills to be developed:

Intellectual skills:

1) Understand dying process.

2) Learn after treatments.

3) Learn dyeing machine.

Motor skill:

1) Dyeing if cellulosic & protein fibre with different dyes.

2) To operate dyeing machine.


List of Practicals:

1. Dyeing of cotton with direct dye.

2. After treatment with direct dyed goods.

3. Dyeing of cotton with hot brand & HE brand reactive dyes.

4. Dyeing of cotton with ME & ramazol reactive dyes.

5. Dyeing of cotton with vat dyes.

6. Dyeing of cotton with solubilised vat dye.

7. Dyeing of cotton with sulphur dye.

8. After treatments of sulphur dyed goods.

9. Dyeing of cotton with azoic colours.

10. Dyeing of wool & silk with basic dye.

11. Dyeing of wool & silk with acid dye.

12. Dyeing of wool & with metal complex dye.

13. Cotton fabric dyeing with jigger, padding mangle and winch.

Learning Resources:- Books



1 V.A.Shenai Technology of Dyeing 2nd 2000 Sevak Publications Mumbai - 400031

2. T.L.Vigo Textile processing & properties 2nd 1994 Elsevier Science

B.V. Amsterdam

3. Clifford Pireston

The dyeing of cellulose fibres 1st -- Dyers co. publication

trust. England.

4. F.Sadav Chemical technology of fibres materials 1st 1973 Mir publication

miscrow

5. M.L.Gulrajani Silk dyeing printing & finishing 3rd 1988 I.I.T. Delhi Dept.



COURSE CODE : TC

SEMESTER : FOURTH

SUBJECT TITLE : ELEMENTS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OPERATIONS





04 -- -- 03 100 -- -- -- 100

NOTE:




Rational:

This subject intends to provide a self-contained introduction and back ground of cognate

topics of fluid or momentum transfer, heat transfer, and mass transfer. The chemical processing of

textile is very diverse in nature and involves the transfer of the fluid material from one place to other

for its use in the machines. The technologists in this industry should have the basic understanding of

the principles of fluid flow, heat transfer and mass transfer in order to control the process by operating

it to an optimum level.

Objectives:

The student will be able to:

• Learn basics of the unit operations of Chemical Engineering.

• Understand the importance of the subject to textile industry.

• Apply the knowledge of the subject to textile industry practices.


LEARNING STRUCTURE:

Fluids, gases, drying products, mass transfer.

Study Reynolds number for pipe flow. Principle of flow measuring device. Study of fan, blowers, compressor. Fourier’s law of hear. Newtown’s law of cooling.

Finding viscosity, density of liquids. Flow measurement with venturimeter, rotameters. Application of condition and convection. Performance evaluation of heat exchange. Membrane separation by reverse osmosis, dialysis, electro dialysis.

Density, viscosity, surface tension, energy balance, velocity distribution, heat transfer, diffusivity, heat balance.

Procedure

Principle

Concept

Facts

To know the study of heat transfer, mass transfer and fluid flow. Application


CONTENTS: Theory Chapter Name of the Topic Marks Hours

01

Unit Systems And Introduction To Fluid Flow Review of various unit systems. Study of units and conversions of some of the important physical quantities. Introduction & importance of fluid flow studies to textiles. Definition of fluid, study of fluid properties like density, viscosity, surface tension. Study of compressible, incompressible, real & ideal fluids. Study of rheology of fluids, statement of Newton’s Law of Viscosity. Brief study of fluid static.

10 07

02

Study of Fluids In Motion Reynolds Experiment for fluid flow through pipes. Concepts of velocity distribution, resistance to flow, and friction factor for the flow of fluid. Equation of continuity and Bernoulli’s Equation (only expressions no derivation) with the significance of the equations.

12 08

03

Transportation of Fluids And Measurements of Fluid Flow: Need for pumping of liquids, brief study of basic types of pumps (centrifugal & reciprocating). Brief study of fans, blowers & compressors. Study of flow measuring devices: Construction, working and principle of venturimeter, orficemeter, pitot tube, rotameter, weirs (notches). Study of pipe fittings & values.

16 09

04

Introduction to Heat Transfer Definition of heat transfer operation. Study of modes of heat transfer. Study of terminologies like specific heat, heat capacity, latent heat, sensible heat, thermal conductivity, and thermal diffusivity, heat as a form energy, heat transfer rate and heat transfer co-efficient. Conduction heat transfer: Fourier’s law of heat conduction, study of heat flow through a thick slab, thick cylindrical pipe and a spherical wall. Study of heat flow through composites. Study of thermal insulations. Applications of conduction heat transfer to textile industry.

16 09

05

Convection & Radiation heat transfer Statement of Newton’s Law of cooling, concept of heat transfer coefficient, study of free & forced convection. Brief study of dimensionless groups in heat transfer. Applications of convection heat transfer to textile industry. Concept of heat transfer by radiation, concept of black body radiation, statement of basic laws of radiation heat transfer to textile industry

12 08


06

Introduction to Mass Transfer Operation Concept of mass transfer operation & diffusion. Definition of diffusion co-efficient, mass transfer rate. Study of modes of mass transfer viz. molecular diffusion and eddy diffusion. Classification of mass transfer operations. Only definition and applications of distillation, extraction, absorption, adsorption, crystallization, evaporation.

12 08

07

Filtration and Membrane Separation Techniques Introduction to filtration operation, filter aids, filter media, applications of filtration to textile industry. Introduction to membrane separation operations. Brief study of micro, ultra filtration, reverse osmosis, dialysis & electrodialysis. Advantages & applications of these techniques in general & in particular to textile industry.

10 07

08

Simultaneous heat & Mass transfer operations Introduction to drying as an unit operation. Concept of rate of drying, brief study of theory of drying. Applications of drying techniques in general & particularly to textile industry. Brief study of textile dryers. Introduction to humidification operation. Importance of humidification in textile mills. Only definitions of the terms like dry bulb, wet bulb, dew point & adiabatic saturation temperatures, definitions of humidity, percent humidity, relative humidity, humid heat, humid volume. Brief study of humidity chart and its use.

12

08

Total 100 64 Learning Resources: Books:


PublicationAddress of Publisher

1. Badger & Banchero

Introduction to Chemical Engineering

2nd 1991 Mc-Graw Hill

Publication

2. Kern Process Heat Coloration 4th 1950 Mc-Graw Hill

Publication

3. Bird And Boston Theory Of Coloration Of Textiles

3rd 1975 Dyers Co. Pub. Trust

4. Treybal Mass Transfer 5th 1985 Mc-Graw Hill Publication

5.

Mccabe / Smith / Harriot

Unit Operation Of Chemical Engineering

4th

1985

Mc-Graw Hill Book Co., Singapore, Br.-New Delhi.



COURSE CODE : TC

SEMESTER : FOURTH

SUBJECT TITLE : CHEMISTRY OF DYES AND PIGMENTS





03 -- -- 03 100 -- -- -- 100

NOTE:




Rationale:

Dyeing and printing are the colouration processes carried out to the textile fibres. Dyes and

pigments are of different chemical structures and properties are required for different fibres. Basic

chemicals and manufacturing of intermediates and dyes. The processing technologist must have the

adequate knowledge of these steps to know the theory behind the colouration process.

Objectives:


• Get in-depth knowledge of dye industry

• Know chemical structures, properties of dyes and pigment.

• Study various reaction mechanisms involved in the manufacturing of dyes and pigments.


LEARNING STRUCTURE:

Fluids, gases, metals, non-metals, atom.

Study of π bond, bond energy, petit’s law. Principles of Dalton’s law, Amagat’s law.

Finding different chemical mixtures, metals and non-metals, atomic weights & isobars. Application of different chemical laws, gas laws for different chemical reaction.

Metals, non-metals, quantum number, Atomic weight, Atomic No., mass No., co-valent bond, polar and non-polar bond, diffusion.

Procedure

Principle

Concept

Facts

To know the study of matter, chemical bonding, kinetics and equilibrium of different chemicals. Application


CONTENTS: Theory Chapter Nam of the Topic Marks Hours

01

Introduction to dye Introduction to synthetic dye industry. Destructive distillation of coal tar & its products and use of these products in dyestuff manufacturing. Importance of intermediates in dyestuff industry

10 08

02

Classification of Dyes and Pigments Definition of dye & pigment. Classification of dyes according to the method of application. Classification of dyes according to the chemical structure. Colour index & its significance. Nomenclature of dyestuffs. Pigments & their classifications based on colour.

26 10

03 Reaction Mechanism Sulphonation, Nitration, Reduction, Diazotisation, Halogenation 10 04

04 Preparation of Intermediates Methods of preparation of intermediates like H-acid, J-acid, γ- acid, Napthionic acid, Sulphonilic acid, Metanilic acid.

10 08

05 Preparation of Dyes from Intermediates Methods of preparation of dyes containing nitro, azo, indigo, anthraquinone, reactive dyes*

20 08

06

Aspects of Chemical Structure of Dyestuff Factors governing absorption of light. Relationship between colour & chemical constitution. Relationship between chemical structure & substantivity. Relationship between chemical structure & fastness properties. Factors governing the absorption of light.

24 10

Total 100 48 Learning Resources: Books:

Sr. No. Author Title Publisher

1 G.R.Chatwal Synthetic organic chemistry Himalay Publication house.

2. K.Venkatraman Synthetic dyes Acadamic Publication Inc.

3. V.A.Shenai Chemistry of dyes & principles of dyeing Sevak Publication, Mumbai

4. Paul Vittum Principles of dye chemistry Inter Science Pub. Inc.

5. K.M.Shah Synthetic dyes Malti Tech Publication.



COURSE CODE : TC

SEMESTER : FOURTH

SUBJECT TITLE : ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND MECHANICS





02 -- 02 -- -- -- -- 25@ 25

Rationale:

The prime responsibility of a textile technician working on shop floor is to ensure smooth and continuous functioning of all the machines and equipment for satisfactory production and quality. This requires him to maintain the machines always in good condition and to ensure that the functioning of all mechanisms in a particular machine is in a correct manner. This kind of abilities and competencies could be developed with the basic knowledge of force, work, energy, and power used for making the machine. These basic concepts help to develop principles of motion and their transformation, and the methods of maintenance, which could be used to achieve the targets of production and quality.

Secondly, the electrical power is one of the most essential input of any textile mill. We are also aware that not only the textile machinery is powered through electrical energy, but other services like, air conditioning, ventilation, water supply, lighting, etc. also are powered by electrical energy. It is also evident that lot of care is needed in use of electrical power due to cost and safety. This requires the knowledge of basic electrical concepts like voltage, current, power etc. Further, technician should know about the different types of motors, their working, billing of the electrical energy, and the safety measures while working with electrical equipment. This subject intends to impart the knowledge and skills of these aspects in the first part of the subject.

With these objectives, the subject has been created to impart knowledge about mechanics and materials. This subject thereby has been divided in to two parts. ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: Objectives: Student will be able to

1. Understand and clear basic concepts of electricity e.g. ohm law, series and parallel circuits

2. Understand different forms of energy, their conversion, units etc.

3. Understand magneto motive force, flux, self and mutual induction

4. Understand A.C., A.C. generation, transmission ,phasor representation of alternating quantizes

and R,L, C circuits

5. Understand the theory of transformer, primary and secondary currents, voltages, turns etc.


6. Understand the principles of induction motors, insulation of motor winding,common faults,

slip, revolving magnetic field

7. Understand the term tariff. Apparent power actual power, average demand maximum demand

, energy bill etc.

Learning Structure for Electrical Engineering:

To use electrical power in textile mill for machine operation and related services. To operate and maintain different mechanisms and its parts in various textile machines.

Operate electrical motors, switch gears and circuits.

.Ohm’s law, Kirchoff’s law, magnetic induction, Fleming’s left & right hand rules, etc.

Current, resistance, voltage, magnetism, flux, Transformer, motor, circuits,

Electrical energy could be transformed to obtain mechanical motions, light, heat, etc.

Diagnose electrical faults and take actions.

Observation of symptoms, principles of working of electrical equipment and circuits.

Motor, faults, resistor, fuse, wires, starter, switches,

Electrical faults could be diagnosed, and attended with the knowledge and skills of electrical engineering.

Procedure

Principle

Concept

Facts

Application


ELEMENTS OF MECHANICS: Objectives: Student will be able to:

1. Understand different mechanisms and their working in textile machines.

2. Analyze forces , moments , inertia, laws of motion in textile machines.

3. Understand various motions, power, energy required in textile machines.

4. Understand the mechanical properties of ductile materials used in textiles.

5. Study friction, its laws and importance of friction in bearing , machine etc.

Learning Structure for Elements of Mechanics:

Application

Procedure

Principle

Concept

Facts

To use principles of forces, friction and motions for operation of machines, movements of materials, etc. in textile mill.

Application of forces, momentum, Generation of motion.

Parallelogram of forces. Lami’s theorem, Hooke’s law.

Newton’s law of motion. Velocity ratio.

Force, motion, body, stress, strain, friction, etc.

Linear motion, angular motion, velocity, acceleration, etc.

Forces and motions are needed to do the work


ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: Contents: Theory Chapter Name of the Topic Hours

1

Basic Concepts of Electricity 1.1.Concepts of voltage, current, resistance and power. 1.2.Laws of electricity: Law of resistance, Ohm’s law, Kirchhoff’s voltage

law, Kirchhoff’s current law. 1.3.The effect of temperature on resistance, effect of length on resistance. 1.4.Series and parallel combination of resistors. 1.5.Study of concept of electrical loading. (Simple numerical problems having only two unknowns)

02

2

Conversion of Energies 2.1 Definition of work, power, energy. 2.2 Study of relation between two types of energies: electrical to heat and

vice versa, formulae involved, conversion factors. Simple numerical problems.

2.3 conversion of one energy in to other ( simple numerical problems)

02

3

Magnetic Circuits 3.1 Definitions of Magneto Motive Force (MMF), flux, field strength,

reluctance, permeability. 3.2 Comparison of electrical and magnetic circuit. 3.3 Concepts of self and mutual induction with formulae. 3.4 Simple problems on series magnetic circuits.

02

4

AC. Fundaments 4.1. Single line diagram of A.C. generation, transmission, distribution, and

method of operation. 4.2. Induction of alternating voltage in a rotating conductor in magnetic

field with derivation. 4.3. Average and Root Mean Squre (R.M.S.) values of A.C. voltage and

current generation. 4.4. Study of phasor representation of alternating quantities. 4.5. Study of purely resistive (R), inductive(L), and capacitive(C) circuits,

and study of combination circuits.( RL, RC, and RLC)

03

5

Transformer 5.1. Basic principles of transformer. 5.2. Study of construction, and operation of transformer. 5.3. Concept of ideal and Practice transformer, and regulation of

transformer. 5.4. Efficiency losses in transformer, rating of transformer, Phasor

diagram of ideal transformer. 5.5. Simple problems to find out primary and secondary currents, turns,

and voltages, efficiency and percent regulation.

02

6

Three Phase Induction Motor 6.1 Principles, types, construction , operation, , characteristics,

applications, and speed control of three phase induction motors. 6.2 Study of motors used in textile industry. 6.3 Class of insulation of motor windings in relation with temperature

difference in the motor due to loading (without derivation). 6.4 Common faults in motors, effect of overloading and general

03


maintenance required. 6.5 Simple problems to calculate slip, synchronous speed of Revolving

Magnetic Field (RMF) and rotor speed 6.6 Starters (theory only)

7

Tariff 7.1 Types of tariffs, concept of power triangle, definitions of apparent

power, actual power, reactive power, demand, average demand, maximum demand.

7.2 Load management in the industry. 7.3 Simple numerical problems to calculate energy bill, maximum

demand, load factor, and of two part tariff.

02

Total 16

ELEMENTS OF MECHANICS: Contents: Theory Chapter Name of the Topic Hours

1

Force. Concept of force, principle of transmissibility of force, moment of force, composition and resolution of forces, resultant of coplanar, concurrent and non-concurrent forces. Equilibrium and conditions of equilibrium.

03

2 Kinetics and Kinematics Kinetics – Mass, inertia, momentum, impulse, Newton’s law of motion. Kinematics – linear & angular motion. Centripetal and centrifugal forces.

02

3 Energy Work, energy and power – Law of conservation of energy work energy principal

01

4

Simple Machines Simple machines - definition of machine, mechanical advantage, velocity ratio, efficiency, law of machine reversible machine. Study of simple machines like simple wheel and axle, wheel and differential axle, pulley blocks, simple screw jack, worm & worm wheel, single & double purchase crab.

03

5

Elasticity Simple stresses & strains – stress, strain, types of stresses, elastic limit, Hooke’s law, modules of elasticity modulus of rigidity, stress strain diagram for ductile material, yield point, ultimate stress working stress factor of safety.

02

6

Friction 6.1. Concept of friction, laws of friction, types of friction, factors

affecting friction, co-efficient of friction. 6.2. Types of bearings: journal bearing, ball bearing and roller bearing,

uses of bearings in textile machines. 6.3. Bearing specifications and system of code and description. 6.4. Study of lubrication. 6.5.Simple problems based on above topics.

02

7 Transmission of Motion Transmission of motion and power by belts, ropes, chains, gears, and their application in textile machines. (Simple numerical problems)

03

Total 16


Practical: ELEMENTS OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING: Skills to be developed: Intellectual skills:

1. To understand use of ohm’s law and Kirchhoff‘s law.

2. To determine voltage current in R, L C circuit.

3. To understand working of electrical and magnetic circuits and induced current.

4. To understand A.C.

5. To understand principle of transformer.

6. To understand induction motors and its construction and operation, speed control.

7. To understand faults in motors to solve simple problems.

8. To understand tariff and other related terms.

Motor Skills:

1. To make circuit, connect various components like resistances, capacitors etc.

2. To measure current voltage its direction.

3. Three phase wiring circuit textiles.

List of Practical: 1. Verification of Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff’s law.

2. Compare currents and voltages in series and parallel resistive circuits.

3. Study of comparative behaviour of R, L and C in AC and DC circuits by using

resistance, inductance and capacitance.

4. Study of three-phase wiring for any section/department of a textile mill comprising of

motors.

5. Study of DOL and star-delta starter.

6. Performance of three phase induction motor by direct loading.

ELEMENTS OF MECHANICS: Skills to be developed: Intellectual skills:

Determine law of machine, frictional efforts, efficiency of machine

Motor Skills:

Apply load on the machine and measure the corresponding effort required to determine the

relation between load and effort and determine velocity ratio


List of Practical: 1. Verification of law of polygon of forces.

2. To find out velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency of wheel and differential

axle

3. To find out velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency of worm and worm wheel

arrangement.

4. To find out velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency of single purchase crab

and double purchase crab.

5. To find out velocity ratio, mechanical advantage and efficiency of screw jack

6. Determine coefficient of friction between different surfaces like metal, wood, glass etc

7. Study of different type of drives


• Electrical Technology Vol. I to IV - B.L.Theraja

• Electrical circuits - Timothy Maloney

• Electrical Technology - Edward Hughes

• Elements of Electrical Engineering - U.A. Bakshi

• Textile Mechanics - Hanton

• Textile Mathematics - J.E.Booth

• Theory of Machines - Khurmi

• Textile Mechanic Vol I & II - Slator



COURSE CODE : TC

SEMESTER : FOURTH

SUBJECT TITLE : PROFESSIONAL PRACTICES – III





-- -- 03 -- -- -- -- 50@ 50

Rationale:

Most of the diploma holders join industries. Due to globalization and competition in the

industrial and service sectors the selection for the job is based on campus interviews or competitive

tests.

While selecting candidates a normal practice adopted is to see general confidence, ability to

communicate and their attitude, in addition to basic technological concepts.

The purpose of introducing professional practices is to provide opportunity to students to

undergo activities which will enable them to develop confidence. Industrial visits, expert lectures,

seminars on technical topics and group discussion are planned in a semester so that there will be

increased participation of students in learning process.

Objectives: Student will be able to:

1. Acquire information from different sources.

2. Prepare notes for given topic.

3. Present given topic in a seminar.

4. Interact with peers to share thoughts.

5. Prepare a report on industrial visit, expert lecture.


Learning Structure: Application Procedure Principle Facts

Present a seminar on identified topic related to new technology

Searching information from Journals, internet and market

Preparing Power Point Presentation text for the topic

Principle of searching information

Principle of Power Point Presentation

Technical Journals, Internet

Computer, Power Point Presentation Software


Sr. No. Activities Hours

1

Industrial Visits Structured industrial visits be arranged and report of the same shall be submitted by the individual student, to form a part of the term work. The industrial visits may be arranged in the following areas / industries :

i) Effluent treatment plant ii) Auxiliary manufacturing unit iii) Research unit. iv) Quality testing unit. v) Machine manufacturing unit

14

2

Lectures by Professional / Industrial Expert lectures to be organized from any two of the following areas:

i) Interview Techniques. ii) Energy conservation in textile. iii) Non conventional energy sources. iv) Woven and knit goods continuous processing & machines. v) Nanotechnology.

06

3

Information Search :

Information search can be done through manufacturer’s catalogue,

websites, magazines, books etc. and submit a report any one topic.

Following topics are suggested :

i) Advances in chemicals & Auxiliaries. ii) Latest trends in wet processing. iii) Steam consumption & water consumption in processing machine. iv) Right first time technique in processing. v) Maintenance procedure for effluent treatment plant.

08

4

Seminar : Seminar topic shall be related to the subjects of fourth semester. Each student shall submit a report of at least 10 pages and deliver a seminar (Presentation time – 10 minutes)

10

5

Mini Project / Activities : (any one) a) Conventional process study of any one machine in dyeing. b) Conventional process study of any one machine in printing. c) Conventional process study of any one machine in bleaching. d) Sketch and working of analytical instrument like spectrophotometer or

microscope. e) Literature survey of any one given topic.

10

Total 48



COURSE CODE : TC

SEMESTER : FOURTH

SUBJECT TITLE : INDUSTRIAL TRAINING





-- -- * -- -- -- -- -- 50

* To be performed during Summer Break after Fourth Semester. Detailed contents of Industrial training: General Guide Lines Each student will undergo six weeks industrial training in the following way:

1. One week training in bleaching department. 2. One & half week training in dyeing department. 3. One & half week training in printing department. 4. One & half week training in finishing department. 5. Half week training in testing laboratory department.

1. GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Name of mill, address, and year of establishment. 2. Type of organization, growth in terms of investment, assets, employment, sales, turnover,

product diversification, technological development. 3. Training orientation programmer of the organization. 4. Employee’s welfare schemes like PF, Medical, Canteen, Training, Recreation facilities

etc. 5. Detailed lay out of the mill, number of spindles, warp weft, doubling, and total number of

looms. (Non-automatic, automatic and total.) 6. Yarn counts spun-warp and weft. Average count of the yarn used. 7. Details of shifts: shift wise technical staff & number of workers in processing. 8. Quantity of fabrics produced in sq. meters. Quantity of fabrics exported in sq. meters.

Types of finish given. 9. Brief study of activities in quality control department.

2. GREY CHECKING

1. Lay out plan, lighting scheme and fire prevention methods. 2. Handling and transportation of fabric. 3. Methods of checking. 4. Classification of faults. 5. Segregation of various sorts. 6. Process control exercised in gray checking.


7. Labour complement. 8. Power requirements. 9. Operative hours and production.

3. DESIZING

1. Lay out plan, lighting scheme and fire prevention methods. 2. Handling and transportation of fabric. 3. Type of desizing. 4. Desizing recipe and duration. 5. Labour complement. 6. Details of machineries used in desizing, if any. 7. Operative hours and production. 8. Water and steam consumption. 9. Power requirements. 10. Process control exercised in desizing. 11. Quality Control in desizing. 12. Costing.

4. SCOURING

1. Layout plan, lighting scheme and fire prevention methods. 2. Handling and transportation of fabric. 3. Types of scouring. 4. Scouring recipe, duration, temperature, and pressure. 5. Water and steam consumption. 6. Power requirements. 7. Operative hours and production. 8. Labour complements. 9. Process control followed in scouring. 10. Time study and work study in scouring. 11. Costing.

5. MERCERIZATION

1. Layout plan, lighting scheme and power requirements. 2. Handling and transportation of fabric. 3. Type of mercerization. 4. Details of mercersing agents and auxiliaries like wetting agents used in mercerization. 5. Study of mercerization of various sorts 6. Steam and water consumption. 7. Operative hours and production. 8. Labour complements 9. Process control followed in mercerization. 10. Quality control in mercerization.

6. SINGEING 1. Layout plan, lighting scheme and power requirements 2. Handling and transportation of fabric 3. Type of singeing. 4. Operative hours and production. 5. Labour complement. 6. Process control in Singeing.


7. BLEACHING 1. Layout plan, lighting scheme and power requirements. 2. Handling and transportation of fabric. 3. Type of bleaching 4. Study of bleaching of various sorts like Poplin, cambric, polyester, polyester/cellulosic

blends, top dyed goods, terry towel etc. 5. Detailed study of machines used in bleaching. 6. Steam and water consumption. 7. Process control. 8. Quality control. 9. Labour complement.

8. DYEING

1. Layout plan, lighting scheme and power requirements. 2. Handling and transportation of fabric. 3. Detailed of dyeing machines like jigger, jet-dyeing machine, winch, padding mangle,

beam dyeing, loose fibre dyeing machine, etc. 4. Steam and water consumption. 5. Labour complement. 6. Process control in jigger dyeing, HTHP beam dyeing, jet dyeing, winch dyeing, fibre

dyeing and cheese dyeing. 7. Quality control in dyeing.

9. PRINTING

1. Layout plan, lighting scheme and power requirements. 2. Handling and transportation of fabric. 3. Detailed study of various printing machines like roller, flat bed screen-printing, and rotary

screen-printing m/c. 4. Preparation of screen. 5. Steam and water consumption. 6. Labour complement. 7. Operative hours and production. 8. Process control in printing. 9. Quality control in printing.

10. FINISHING

1. Lay out plan, lighting scheme and power requirements. 2. Handling and transportation of fabric 3. Detail study of finishing machines like stenter (steam and oil heated), sanforising,

decatising, calendaring, felt, milling, crabbing steam calendar, finishing machines for hosiery goods.

4. Study of finishing of various sorts of cotton, polyester, acrylic, wool silk nylon, and their blends.

5. Study of axillaries used for finishing of cotton, polyester, acrylic, wool, silk, nylon and their blends

6. Steam and water consumption in finishing. 7. Labour complement. 8. Operative hours and production. 9. Process control in finishing using various machines. 10. Quality control in finishing.

11. DRYING AND WASHING


1. Layout plan, lighting scheme and power requirements. 2. Handling and transportation of fabric. 3. Brief study of various dyeing & washing machine. 4. Steam and water consumption. 5. Labour complement. 6. Operative hours and production 7. Process control in drying.

12. BOILERS, THERMOPAC AND EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT 1. Layout plan, layout of machine. 2. Steam generation, distribution, and utilization. 3. Boiler feed water. 4. Operative hours and production. 5. Study of various oils used in thermopac. 6. Water management 7. Effluent treatment plant

13. COSTING

1. Fabric cost sheets for some sorts. Cost of dyes, chemicals 2. Wages of the time rate workers and their rate in each dept. 3. Wages for piece rate workers in each dept. 4. Power cost. 5. Cost of water and steam. 6. Government levies classification wise.

14. LABORATORY 1. Testing and analysis of dyes, chemicals, and auxiliaries used in various departments. 2. Testing of bleached, dyed, and fabric, with respect to fastness properties. 3. Methods towards inventory control.

ASSESSMENT STRATEGY

a) Report of the industrial training shall be prepared by each student on the basis of his/her actual work done, during the six weeks industrial training.

b) This report should be submitted in typed and bound form within 1 month after completion of the industrial training.

c) Industrial training should be assessed equally by external and internal examiners for the oral exam assessment.

d) Industrial training should be assessed by internal examiner only for term work assessment.

Documents

SCHEME - E Fourth Semester TC - dktes. · PDF file3 Technology of Dyeing-I TOD 12542 05 ... Types of faults in grey fabric, ... Scouring of knit goods, coloured woven goods, concept