2007 ____________________________ (101)2007

1.

me = 1.76 108 C/g

= 1.6 10-19 C = 9.11 10-28 g

()

3 (e-)

(102) ___________________________ 20072007

( (shell))

Heisenberg (Heisenberg)

+ - +

++ +

+

- -

---

+ +

-e -e

-e -e

2.

1. (p+) (n)

2. 1 1

3. (p+) (p+) (n)4. X O168 , Na23115.

H11 ()H21 () H31 ()

6. Cl-(p+ = 17,e- = 18) Na+(p+ = 11,e- = 10)

2007 ____________________________ (103)2007

1

C136 6 7 13 6 0

14 15 0S 18 18

56 24 +2Au 188 76

Si2914 29 1416 34 -2Fe2+ 26 3076 112 0

3. 1.

2. 400-700 nm3.

14.

5. () ()

() ()

(104) ___________________________ 20072007

1. *1) 2) 3) 4)

2. . X = 21 = 45 24Cr3+ . -26833 As -Br6835 . 17Cl = 37 17

1) . . 2) . . *3) . . 4) ., . .

3. 5

A2x 1) A B xBy 2) B C yAz *3) A B CBx 4) x y zCy

4.

1. 2.

= 2n2 1-4n = 1 = 2 12 = 2 n = 2 8n = 3 18n = 4 32n = 5 32 ...

3. 1 7 K L M N O P Q

2007 ____________________________ (105)2007

4. 8 5.

n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4

n=5

n=6

n=7

+

6. () () ( A)

7. ( B) 2 1 9 18 22Ti 2 8 10 2 , 24Cr 2 8 13 1

8. s p d f

n = 1n = 2n = 3n = 4n = 5n = 6n = 7

21s22s23s24s25s26s27s

62p103d

144f

63p64p65p66p67p

104d105d106d107d

145f146f

62p

9. (Orbital) 1 2 s 1 2 p 3 6 d 5 10 f 7 14

(106) ___________________________ 20072007

2 S3216 , spdf notation, Orbital diagrams Noble gas core abbreviatedelectron configuration = 16 = 16

1. 2 8 62. Spdf notation 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4

3. Orbital diagrams21s 22s 62p 23s 43p

4. Noble gas core abbreviated electron configuration [Ne] 3s2 3p4

1. Electron configuration 15P1) [Ne]

3s 3p2) [Ne]

3s*3) [Ne]

3s 3p4) [Ne]

3s 3p2.

. B 1s2 2s3. Na 1s2 2s2 2p6 2d1. K [Ar] 3d1. 3e- 2s . e- 2d 2 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1. e- 4s 3d [Ar] 4s1

2007 ____________________________ (107)2007

5.

(Group) (Period)

2 A (Representative elements) B (Transition elements)

(Electron configurations)

(108) ___________________________ 20072007

1.

2. ()

2.1 2.2 A ( B ) 3Li (2 1),

11Na (2 8 1) 1A 2 1

2.3 A 8 8 1 1A 2A 3A 8A B 8 10 1 8B 3

2.4 A 1A 6 Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr 2A 6 Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra 7A 5 F, Cl, Br, I, At 8A (Inert gas) (Noble gas) (Rare

gas) 6 He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn B 3. ()

3.1 3.2 A B 20Ca (2 8 8 2), 29Cu (2

8 18 1), 35Br (2 8 18 7) 4 43.3 7 1 2 H He 2 3

8 A 4 5 18 A 8 B 10 6 32 A 8 B 24 7 24

3.4 B4. 2 58-71 90-103

Inner Transition element 100

IUPAC _ium 112 Ununbium Uub

nil (0), un (1), bi (2), tri (3), quad (4), pent (5), hex (6), sept (7),oct (8) enn (9)

2007 ____________________________ (109)2007

6. 1. (mp) (bp) IE EN EA

2.

< < Cl2+ < Cl+ < Cl < Cl-< Cl2- 1A Li+ < Na+ < K+

1+ 1-2+ 3+ 4+ 2- 3-

IE (IE1) IE2 , IE3 , ...

B(g) B+(g) + e- IE1 = 807 kJ/molB+(g) B2+(g) + e- IE2 = 2433 kJ/mol

IE1 < IE2 < IE3 < ... < IEn

(110) ___________________________ 20072007

IE1 1. IE1

53I (2 8 18 18 7) IE1 = 1.015 MJ mol-1 11Na (2 8 1) IE1 = 0.502 MJ mol-1

2. IE1 3. () ()

IE1 3 . IE4 Al

. y (1) y(s) y(g)(2) y(s) y+(g) + e-(3) y(g) y+(g) + e-(4) y(g) y2+(g) + 2e-

IE2 y . IE4 Al Al3+(g) Al4+(g) + e-

. IE2 (4) - (3) ; y(g) - y(g) (y2+(g) + 2e-) (y+(g) + e-)

y+(g) y2+(g) + e-

EN EN EN Fr (0.70) EN F (4.0)

EA 1

F(g) + e- F-(g) ; EA = -328 kJ/mol

IE1 EN EN

2007 ____________________________ (111)2007

1. 1)

*2) 3) 4) 1

2. *1) 2) 3) 4) 1

7.

() ()

() 1

8A

(112) ___________________________ 20072007

mp bp ()

1mp bp ()

1. *1) 2) 3) 4)

2. . 1 . . 1

*1) . . 2) . . 3) . . 4) ., . .

3.

*1) 2) 3) 4)

4. A, B C 7, 12 15 A, B C

1) B > A > C 2) A > C > B

*3) EN A > C > B 4) IE A > B > C

2007 ____________________________ (113)2007

8. (Oxidation Number) ON

(ON)

1 = Mg2+ ON = +2 H +1 +1 OH2

+142SOH

H ON = -1 -1NaH O ON = -2 -23NaHCO -2

6126 OHC

O ON = -1 -122ONa -1

2BaO -1

22OH O ON = 21-

22NaO

1- ON 1 2 +1 +2

+1KCl +2BaS = 0 =

4 1. CaMg(SiO3)2

(+2) + (+2) + (x + (-2 3)) 2 = 0 x = +4

2. Al(H2O)2-4(OH)

x + (0 2) + (-1 4) = -1 x = +3

1. [Cr(NH3)4SO4]Cl Fe(H2O)5(OH)Cl2 K2[PtCl4] 1) 2 2 3 2) 2 3 2 *3) 3 3 2 4) 3 3 3

2. 1) [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl K2Cr2O7 Na2[Ni(CN)4]2) K3[Fe(CN)6] Na[Au(CN)2] [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl3) Na[Au(CN)2] K2Cr2O7 K3[Fe(CN)6]

*4) [Co(NH3)4Cl2]Cl K2[Ni(CN)4] Na[Au(CN)2]

(114) ___________________________ 20072007

3. CaF2 3Ca3(PO4)2, Sb2S3 3H2O, Na2ZrSiO5 Si = +4

. P +3 Sb +5. Sb +2 Zr +1. Zr +1 P +5. Zr 0 Sb +3

1) . . 2) . . *3) . . 4) . .

4. 1) K4[Fe(CN)6] K3[Fe(CN)6] [Ag(NH3)2]Cl2

*2) [Ag(NH3)2]Cl2 K2[Ni(CN)4] [Cr(H2O)6]SO43) [Fe(H2O)6]SO4 [Ag(NH3)2]Cl2 K2Cr2O74) K3[Fe(CN)6] K2[Ni(CN)4] K4[Fe(CN)6]

2007 ____________________________ (115)2007

1. 2 1. 2.

2.

2.1

2 2

Na Cl ][Na+ [ Cl ]-

+2 8 1 2 8 7 2 8 2 8 8

1622 3s 2p 2s 1s 52622 3p3s 2p 2s 1s 622 2p2s1s 62622 3p 3s 2p 2s1s

1.

1. IE1 IE1 (EN ) (EN )

2. Ca () O () 3. NH4Cl +4(NH )PH4+

2. 3. 4.

5. -ClNH4+ , -2324 CO)(PH +

(116) ___________________________ 20072007

2.2 NaCl

Na (s) + (g)Cl21

2

ofH NaCl (s)

I osHNa (g)

II (g)Na+ +

I

III Cl (g)

D 21

IV (g)Cl-EA

uV

Hs = D = I = EA = u = Hf =

I, II III 7A =

NaCl

1 NaCl(s) 1E () Na+(g) + Cl-(g) 2 Na+(g) + Cl-(g) 2E ()

OH2 Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

NaCl(s) OH2solnH

Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

2007 ____________________________ (117)2007

1. E1 = NaCl 1 mol Na+(g) + Cl-(g)

NaClE2 = Na+(g) Cl-(g) Hsoln = (kJ/mol)

2. E1 > E2 E1 < E2 3. E1 E1 E2

1. 1A ( Li3PO4 ) +4NH , -3NO CH3COO-

NaCl, KNO3, NH4Cl (CH3COO)2Ba2. 2A 1

CaCl2, Mg(NO3)2 2 3 CaCO3, BaSO4,Ca(PO4)2 MgSO4

3. +2

2Hg Pb2+ Ag+ + 7A Hg2Cl2, PbI2, AgCl(Cl- Br- I-) AgF, PbF2, Hg2F2 F-

1

Zn(s) + 2H+(aq) Zn2+(aq) + H2(g)H3O+(aq) + (aq)HCO3

- 2H2O(l) + CO2(g)

(118) ___________________________ 20072007

1 . KNO3 . BaCl2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2KCl(aq). 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

. KNO3(s) OH2 K+(aq) + (aq)NO3-. (Ba2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)) + (2K+(aq) + )(aq)SO24- BaSO4(s) + (2K+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq))

Ba2+(aq) + (aq)SO24- BaSO4(s)

. 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2Na+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + H2(g)

1. . . 1 2 .

1) . . 2) . . 3) ., . . *4) .

2. xy x(g) (g)x+

(g)y-

x(s) (g)y21

2 xy(s)

(1)(5)

(3)

+

y(g) (4) +

(6)(2)

1) (2) (1)*2) (4) (3)3) (5) (4)4) (1) (2) (6)

2007 ____________________________ (119)2007

3. 1) KNO3 ZnSO4 Ca3(PO4)2 *2) Li2CO3 (NH4)2SO4 NaCN3) NH4Cl H2CO3 NaOH 4) AgI Mg(NO3)2 CuSO4

4. I II

1) NaCl AgNO3 KI Na2CO32) Ca(OH)2 Pb(NO3)2 Li2SO4 MgCl23) BaCl2 Na2SO4 NH4CN Na2HPO4

*4) AgNO3 KBr Mg HCl2.3

HCl+

1 2 8 7ClH

H2O OH H H O H OH H

CO2 O C O O C O O C O

N2 N N N N N N

1 2 3

8 H 2

BeCl2 BeCl Cl Be, Al, B Hg 7A BCl3, AlI3 HgCl2 NO, N2O NO2

(120) ___________________________ 20072007

1.

(1) IE1 + IE1 H2S ClF (EN) (EN)

(2) + SO2, NH3, SiCl4 AlCl3

2. (bp) (mp) HCl mp -114C bp -85C

2.4

+4NH

H

HH HN

+

H

HH HN

+

2.5

OS

2SO OS

O O 1

SO O 2

SO2 S O S O S O S O 2 SO3, O3, -23CO , -3NO C6H6

2.6 2 pm A

1.

() 6C (2, 4), 7N (2, 5) 8O (2, 6) H C > H N > H O

2. > > C O > C O

2007 ____________________________ (121)2007

2.7

() ( 2 )

_ate _ite

_ide

Prefix 1

Mono_ Prefix _ide

1 2

1. Prefix 1 Mono, 2 Di, 3 Tri, 4 Tetra, 5 Penta, 6 Hexa, 7 Hepta, 8 Octa, 9 Nona 10 Deca

2. _ide OH- Hydroxide CN- Cyanide

3. H HCl Hydrogen chloride H2O Hydrogen oxide

2 1. K2O 2. AlCl3 3. CaSO4 4. MgS 5. CuSO36. NaH2PO4 7. SO3 8. PCl5 9. N2O5 10. H2O

1. K2O Potassium oxide2. AlCl3 Aluminium trichloride3. CaSO4 Calcium sulfate4. MgS Magnesium sulfide5. CuSO3 Copper (II) sulfite6. NaH2PO4 Sodium dihydrogen phosphate7. SO3 Sulfur trioxide8. PCl5 Phosphorous pentachloride9. N2O3 Dinitrogen pentaoxide10. H2O Dihydrogen monooxide

(122) ___________________________ 20072007

1. H2S NH3 BF3 PBr5 HF(I) (II) (III) (IV) (V)

1) (I), (II) (IV) 2) (II), (III), (IV) (V) 3) (I) (II)

*4) (III) (IV) 2. a b c d e

a = 2 8 4 b = 2 8 5 c = 2 8 6 d = 2 8 7 e = 2 31) Hd HF3 bF3 2) cF6 HF CO2

*3) ad4 CO2 dF 4)+4NH eF3 bd3

3. 1) CF2 PCl5 SO3 *2) PCl5 C2H4 HCN3) SO3 HCN BeCl2 4) HCN BeCl

+4NH

2.8

2

1.

2007 ____________________________ (123)2007

2.

4 Electron Pair Geometry = tetrahedral

4 e- 3 e- 1 2 e- 2

5 Electron-Pair Geometry = trigonal bipyramid

5 e- 4 e- 1 3 e- 2 2 e- 3

6 Electron-Pair Geometry = octahedron

5 e- 1 4 e- 2 6 e- bond pair =

lone pair =

(124) ___________________________ 20072007

1. 2. 3.

! 3

. OCl2 . SiF4 . COCl2 . -3NO . H3O+ O = 8, Cl = 17, Si = 14, F = 9, C = 6, N = 7, S = 16

. OCl2 Cl O Cl OClCl

. SiF4 F Si FF

F

F

SiF

F F

. COCl2 Cl C ClO

Cl

CCl

O

. -3NOO N O

-

O O

NO

-

O

. H3O+ H O H

+

H

HO H

+

H

2.9 2

2007 ____________________________ (125)2007

1.

NHH

H3NH

1

1 = 107$

OHH

2

2 = 105$

2.

Be Cl2BeCl

3

3 = 180$

BCl

Cl

Cl4

4 = 120$ 5 = 109.5$

> >Cl

3BCl

CCl

Cl

Cl5

4CCl

Cl

3.

Be Cl2BeCl

6

6 = 180$ 7 = 180$Cl C O

2CO7

O=

4.

OHH

8

8 = 105$

SHH

9

9 = 93.3$

SH2OH2

(126) ___________________________ 20072007

2.10 EN EN (-)

EN (+) H Cl-+

EN Cl Cl 4

C

Cl-

+HCl

Cl

+ -

+-+-

EN

(%) 50% 50% 5 1A

Li Cl Na Cl K Cl Rb Cl Cs Cl Fr Cl, EN

FrCsRbKNaLi

Cl

EN

2007 ____________________________ (127)2007

() OH

HOH2 HCN CH N

0 0 ()

CO2OC BCl

3BClO

Cl

Cl = 0 = 0

1. Cl2, O2, P4 S8 O3

2. NH3

N H NH3 BeCl2 Be Cl BeCl2

1.

. . . .

1) . . . .2) . . ., ., . .3) ., . . ., ., . .

*4) ., . . . .

(128) ___________________________ 20072007

2. A Se7934 IE1 B 3 AC 3 sA7533D 3

*1) BA3

2) CAD3 3) BD2 1 4) CD5 2.11 (Network Covalent Solids)

1. 2. 3. 4. (SiO2) ( SiC) C C 1 4

C C 1 3 Resonance

C -

3.

2007 ____________________________ (129)2007

1.

2.

3.

4. 3.

1.

1. Cl2 (71) F2 (38)2.

CH3CH2CH2CH3 (58) CH 3CH3CH3CH

(58)

CH3CH2CH2CH3 CH 3CH3CH3CH

2.

1.

2. -

3.

(130) ___________________________ 20072007

3. F, O N

OHH

OHH

HF, H2O NH3 CH3COOH,

CH3CH2OH, CH3NH2 CH3CONH24.

(Dissociation energy) D kJ/mol kcal/mol

6

CH4(g) + Cl2(g) CH3Cl(g) + HCl(g) C H 414 kJ/mol Cl Cl 243 kJ/mol C Cl 339 kJ/molH Cl 431 kJ/mol

CHH

HH

(g) + Cl Cl (g) CH

H

ClH

(g) + H Cl (g)

E = 4DC-H + DCl-Cl = (4 414) + 243 = 1899 kJE = 3DC-H + DC-Cl + DH-Cl = (3 414) + 339 + 431 = 2012 kJ E > E

2012 - 1899 = 133 kJ

2007 ____________________________ (131)2007

7 C O CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(g) ; H = -802.335 kJ C H 414 kJ/mol O O 498 kJ/mol H O 464 kJ/mol

C O x kJ/mol

CH

H

HH

(g) + 2 O O (g) O C O (g) + O2 HH

(g) ; H = -802.335 kJ

E = 4DC-H + 2DO=O = (4 414) + (2 498) = 2652 kJE = 2DC=O + 4DH-O = 2x + (4 464) = 2x + 1856 kJ = 802.335 kJ E - E = 802.335 kJ

(2x + 1856) - 2652 = 802.335 x = 799.168 kJ/mol

C O = 799.168 kJ/mol H H

1. 1) NO2 OF2 *2) CO2 SO23) H2O NO2 4) SO2 H2O

2. 1) CH4 NH3 CHCl3 *2) CCl4 SF6 PCl53) BF3 PF3 NH3 4) PCl5 CH2Cl2 CCl4

3. 1) H2NNH2 CH3F H2S CH4 2) CHCl3 CH3COCH3 SiH4 HCl

*3) CH3NH2 HCOOH HF H2O2 4) NH3 H2O H2S H2CO34.

1) BF3 > PCl3 > CH4 > BeCl2 2) Cl2O > BF3 > CH4 > BeH23) CO2 > CH4 > BF3 > Cl2O *4) CS2 > BCl3 > CH4 > PCl3

(132) ___________________________ 20072007

5. X, Y Z 5, 16 50 . XF3 . YO3 . -3ZCl

1) . 2) . . *3) . 4) . .

6. A 6 2 B 7 2A2 (g) + B2 (g) A B 60 kJ A B kJ/mol A A B B 500 160 kJ/mol ( 190 kJ/mol)

2007 ____________________________ (133)2007

1.

2 3

1. 2. 3. Na2O, K2O

MgO BeO Al2O3

4. - BeCl2 AlCl3

BeO Al2O3

1. BCl3 SiCl4 B2O3 SiO22. 3. B2O3

SiO24. -

B2O3 SiO2

1. 2. P2O53. Cl2O, ClF

PCl3 CCl4 NCl3

H2O P2O5 O2

4. - CCl4 NCl3

O2

(134) ___________________________ 20072007

2. 1A 2M(s) + 2H2O(l) 2M+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + H2(g)

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2Na+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + H2(g) 2A M(s) + 2H2O(l) M2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + H2(g)

Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) Mg2+(aq) + 2OH-(aq) + H2(g) 7A 7A e- 7A

X2 + 2Y- 2X- + Y2 ( X Y ) Cl2 + 2Br- 2Cl- + Br2

7A S2- (S8)8X2 + 8S2- 16X- + S8

8Cl2 + 8S2- 16Cl- + S83.

1A 2A 2A -1 MgCl2 Ca(NO3)2

-2 -3 ( MgSO4 ) -23CaCO , -24BaSO -3243 )(POCa

1. CaCl2(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) CaCO3(s) + 2NaCl(aq) Ca2+(aq) + CO3(aq) CaCO3(s)

2. Ba(NO3)2(aq) + K2SO4(aq) BaSO4(s) + 2KNO3(aq) Ba2+(aq) + -24SO (aq) BaSO4(s)

4.

1A7A

H

1A 1 +1 H+ 7A +1 1, IE1, EN 1A 7A

2007 ____________________________ (135)2007

1. CCl4

KCl + Br2 + CCl4KCl + I2 + CCl4KBr + Cl2 + CCl4KBr + I2 + CCl4KI + Cl2 + CCl4KI + Br2 + CCl4

1)

*2) KCl3) 2KCl + I2 2KI + Cl24) CCl4 Cl2

2. 1 *1) 2) 3) 1 4)

3. NaCl, MgCl2, Al2Cl6, PCl3 S2Cl2 pH 1) 7 2) 7 3) 11 *4) 7

4. 2 Li2O, BeO, B2O3, CO2, CO, N2O5, NO2, N2O3, NO, N2O, O2 OF21) BeO B2O3 CO22) B2O3

*3) Li2O 4) 2 -

(136) ___________________________ 20072007

5. 1. ON Cu ON = +1, +2, Fe ON = +2, +3 V

ON = +1, +2, +3, +4, +52. Hg 3. KMnO4 -272OCr

Zn2+, Ag+ Sc3+ 4. 5. 6. 7. 2 1

26Fe 2, 8, 14, 2 24Cr 2, 8, 13, 1

1. *1) 2) 3) 4)

2. 1) 2 8 8 1 *2) 2 8 13 1 3) 2 8 18 8 1 4) 2 8 18 8 2

3. 4 Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn

*1) 4 +3 Zn

2) [Fe(CN)6]3- [Co(NH3)4SO4]+ 3) Cr Cu4) KMnO4 CaMnO4

2007 ____________________________ (137)2007

6.

(p+) (n) 23892 U p+ = 92 n = 238 - 92 = 146

(Nuclear equation)

U23592 + n10 Xe

13954 + Sr

9438 + 3 n

10

235 + 1 = 236 139 + 94 + (3 1) = 236 92 + 0 = 92 54 + 38 + (3 0) = 92

B105 + He42 N

137 + n

10

10B(, n) 13N

(Half life)

21t

1 A 20 g 10 g 30 A 300 g 150 A

A 20 g A 10 g30 A = 30

A x g 150 = 30150 = 5 x g A g 2x30 g 4x30 g 8x30 g 16x30 g 32x30

300 g150

32x = 300 x = 300 32 = 9600 g

A = 9600 g

(138) ___________________________ 20072007

2 U-238 4.5 109 U23892 Pb

20682 + 8( He

42 ) + 6( 01- )

U23892 1.00 g 2 Pb-206 U-238

1U23892 g 2

1 2 g 411 g

U-238 = 1 - 41 = 43 g

238U 1 mol 206Pb = 1 mol238U 238 g 206Pb = 206 g238U 34 g 206Pb = g238

g43g 206

= 0.65 g

238U 41 g = 0.25 g 206Pb = 0.65 g

U Pb

238206

= g0.25g0.65

= 2.6

. U23892 Th23490 + He42. Th23490 Pa23491 + e01-. U23492 4.13 MeV Th23090 * + He42

*23090 Th Th

23090 +

(Fission reaction)

U23592 + 01n Ba14056 + Kr9336 + 3 n10 +

(Fusion reaction)

H11 + H21 He

32

Li63 + H21 2 He

42

2007 ____________________________ (139)2007

1. Pb21482 Bi21483 + X Po21484 + Y Pb21082 + Z X, Y Z

*1) 2) 3) 4)

2.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

0.20.40.60.81.0

0

Fr-2

23 (g

)

() Fr22387 20.0 g 1.25 g1) 50 *2) 80 3) 100 4) 120

3. A AYX B

4Y2X-- + He

42

A 80 g 21 A 10 g A () A = 200 = 6.0 1023

*1) 7 2.1 1023 2) 10 4.2 10233) 14 6.3 1023 4) 21 8.4 1023

(140) ___________________________ 20072007

1. 3

1. 1. 1.

2.

2.

2.

3. 3. 3. 4.

4.

4. 2 ()

5.

5.

5.

2.

2 (O2) (O3) 2 13C -161C 13C

() ()

2007 ____________________________ (141)2007

3.

1.

2. 1.

-

- -

- - - - - -

- - -

- - -

- - -

- - - -

- - -

- - - -

2 1.

2.

(142) ___________________________ 20072007

4.

() (CO2(s))

5. 5.1 1 J/m2

N/m 1.

()2.

3.

NaCl 2 1. (Cohesive Force)

2. (Adhesive Force)

5.2

5.3 1 1 1.

2007 ____________________________ (143)2007

2.

5.4 (Boiling)

1

1.

2.

()

1. . . . . .

. . .

2. A, B C 80C, 100C 160C . . . C

. A

(144) ___________________________ 20072007

3. . (C8H18) 1- C8H17OH. (CH3)2CHOH CH2(OH)CH2(OH) . 2 1- 1-

.

4. 1) 2)

*3) 4)

5. . . .

1) . 2) . . *3) . . 4) ., . .

6. 6.1

1.

2.

3.

4.

5. ()

2007 ____________________________ (145)2007

6.2

V P1 T m P1V1 = P2V2

()

V T P m 11

TV =

22

TV

PV T m 111

TVP =

222

TVP

V = P = T = (K) m =

V

P

V

P1

V

T (C)0-273

V

0 T (K)

(146) ___________________________ 20072007

()

()

V PnT V = R P

nT

PV = nRT PV = m

g RT

R = 0.821 L atm K-1 mol-1 P(atm)V(L) n() T(K)

Vg = RT

PM

d = RT

PM

d = RTPM

d g/l

P = P P = P1 + P2 + ...

r d

1

r M

1

21rr =

12

dd =

12

MM

1 65.0 l 745 mmHg 25.0 l

N2(g) 65.0 l745 mmHg

N2(g) 25.0 lx mmHg

P1V1 = P2V2 745 mmHg 65.0 l = x 25.0 l

x = 25 65745 = 1937 mmHg

2007 ____________________________ (147)2007

2 CO2 25.0 ml (20.0C) 37C

CO2(g) 25.0 ml20C

CO2(g) x ml37C

11

TV =

22

TV

; 20)K(273 ml25.0+ = 37)K(273 x+ x = 29331025.0 = 26.5 ml

3 65 l 829 mmHg 25C

= N2(g)65 l 25C 829 mmHg

N2(g) = ? mol

PV = nRT ; 760829 atm 65 l = n 0.0821 l atm K-1 mol-1 (273 + 25)K

n = 2980.0821760 65829 = 2.898 2.9 mol N2 4 STP (1.2 g/l)

CO2(g) STP 0C 1 atm

dCO2 = ? g/l

d = RTPM ; dCO2 = 0)K (273 molKatml0.0821

g/mol44atm111

+

--

= 1.96 g/l CO2(g) (d = 1.2 g/l)

(148) ___________________________ 20072007

5 CO2 H2 ( H = 1 C = 12 O = 16)

2CO2H

rr

=2H2CO

MM

;2CO2H

rr

= 244 = 22 = 4.7

rH2 = 4.7 rCO2 H2 4.7 CO2

1. 40 l 120 atm 90 atm 1) 48 l, 36 l 2) 36 l, 12 l *3) 53.3 l, 13.3 l 4) 30 l, 10 l

2.

(cm3) (mmHg)1234

240180144108

60080010001200

1) 1 2) 2 3) 3 *4) 4

3. O2 233 cm3 15C 775 mmHg STP 1) 220 cm3 *2) 225 cm3 3) 230 cm3 4) 242 cm3

4. x 1 mol 70 g STP x 300 cm3 27C 1 atm

*1) 0.85 2) 0.94 3) 1.03 4) 2.335. x 81 30 cm 2 y

25 4 *1) 108 cm 2) 96 cm 3) 75 cm 4) 62 cm

6. 50C 4.8 atm 51 1) 5.3 atm *2) 6.0 atm 3) 6.3 atm 4) 6.7 atm