SCADA [Compatibility Mode]

8/7/2019 SCADA [Compatibility Mode]

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Name-akash

ass- ca sem

S.no-06

1

Enrollment no-0101184408


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Table of contents:-

Introduction

Purpose Background

Scada overview

Scada architecture

First generation-monolithicSecond generation-distributed

Third generation-network Scada software solution

Scada and local area networkRemote terminal unit

Scada hardware solutionHuman machine interface(HMI)

Current status of technology Future of technology

Conclusion References


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ntro uct on

SCADA is an acronym that stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. SCADArefers to a system that collects data from various sensors at a factory, plant or in otherremote locations and then sends this data to a central computer which then manages andcontrols the data


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urpose

The scada system generally refers to an industrial control system: acomputer system monitoring and controlling a process. The process can be

a) n ustr a processes

b) Infrastructure processes

b) Facility processes


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ac groun

SCADA systems have been used in the Utilities industry in the UnitedStates (U.S.) since the 1960s. These systems are used to monitor criticalinfrastructure systems and provide early warning of potential disasters ua ons, as n case o wa er con ro sys em s use or w ere a ea onthe pipeline has occurred)

SCADA systems have been around since the 1960s and have evolved as.

Todays SCADA systems are able to take advantage of the evolution from

mainframe-based to

Client/server architectures.


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verv ew

SCADA systems consist of:

devices, usually RTUs, or PLCs.

A communications s stem.

A central host computer server orservers.

A collection of standard and/or customsoftware [sometimes called HumanMachine Interface (HMI) software.


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SCADA systems have evolved in parallel with the growth and

sophistication of modern computing technology .Three generations of

First Generation Monolithic The concept of computing in general centered on mainframe systems.

SCADA systems were standalone systems with virtually no connectivity to othersystems. Wide Area Networks (WANs) that were implemented

Second Generation Distributed Local Area Networkin LAN technolo used to distribute the rocessin

across multiple systems

Multiple stations, each with a specific function, were connected to a LAN andshared information with each other in real-time

Third Generation Networked open system architecture was used

Second generation archtechture is used but instead of LAN, WAN is used


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First GenerationFirst Generation MonolithicMonolithic

8


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str ute ontrostr ute ontro

Network ProtocolPLC s

Field Bus

Field Bus-Inte rator

9


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Third generation: networked


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ca a so tware so ut on

Local area networks (LAN) are all about sharing information and resources.

To enable all the nodes on the SCADA network to share information, theymust be connected by some transmission medium. The method ofconnection is known as the network topology.

Nodes need to share this transmission medium in such a way as to allow all

nodes access to the medium without disrupting an established sender.

A LAN is a communications path between computers, file-servers,terminals, workstations and various other intelligent peripheral equipment,which are generally referred to as devices or hosts. A LAN allows access todevices to be shared by several users, with full connectivity between all

s a ons on e ne wor . s usua y owne an a m n s ere y aprivate owner and is located within a localized group of buildings.

Ethernet is the most widely used LAN today


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An RTU (sometimes referred to as a remote telemetry unit or remote

terminal unit) is a stand-alone data acquisition and control unit, generallymicroprocessor based, that monitors and controls equipment at a remote

.equipment at the remote location and to transfer this data back to a central

station. It generally also has the facility for having its configuration and

control programs dynamically downloaded from some central station.Although, traditionally, the RTU communicates back to some central station,it is also possible to communicate on a peer-to-peer basis with other RTUs.The RTU can also act as a relay station (sometimes referred to as a store

central station


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ca a ar ware o ut on

Human Machine Interface

A Human-Machine Interface or HMI is the apparatus whichpresents process data to a human operator, and through which the

.

An HMI is usually linked to the SCADA system's databases andsoftware programs, to provide diagnostic data, and management

information such as scheduled maintenance procedures, logisticn orma on, e a e sc ema cs or a par cu ar sensor or mac ne,and expert-system troubleshooting guides.

The HMI system usually presents the information to the operatingpersonnel graphically, in the form of a mimic diagram. This means

that the operator can see a schematic representation of the plantbeing controlled.

An important part of most SCADA implementations are alarms. Analarm is a di ital status oint that has either the value NORMAL orALARM. Alarms can be created in such a way that when their

requirements are met, they are activated.


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A t ical HMI circuit in a rela circuit

REF 542+ RELAY


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urrent status o tec no ogy

Currently scada system used in many organisations as

It is used in power plants to check and control the gridsapplications.

It is used in water plants to check any kind of leakage in the

pipeline system It is used in the defence siren system

Scada is used in oil companies and gas companies.


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uture o tec no ogy

Due to many of its advantages scada system are growing in each place day by

day: User friendliness will become an even more important parameter in the future.

As all SCADA s stems have the basic functions for handlin alarms, ra hs,and reports in place, end users will make their choice of SCADA system on thebasis of other facts and features.

Process knowled e is the ke word for creatin valuable data. Man s stemintegrators possess the knowledge, but now they must also make the valuable

data available for the users in a simple and process oriented way. Forinstance, one supplier showed a graph that also held the alarms that occurredduring the graph period. This calls for new methods of composing process

pictures, thus also crossing the traditional boundaries between alarms, graphsand reports.


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Todays SCADA systems are able to take advantage of the evolution from

mainframe based to client/server architectures. These systems usecommon communications protocols like Ethernet and TCP/IP to transmit

.

SCADA systems are widely used to monitor and control U.S. critical

infrastructure utilities such as Electrical Power Plants and Water Distributionen ers.

SCADA systems, like other computer systems, are subject to manycommon securit attacks such as viruses denial of service and hi ackin of

the system Because SCADA systems use leased telephone lines, twistedpair cable, microwave radio, and spread spectrum techniques, they havemany of the same security vulnerabilities


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA

Universit of Dallas Graduate School of Mana ement MGT 8390-1QA(Summer 2003)

Information Technology Capstone (Management Policy and Practice)

3.www.comtechnologies.com


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SCADA [Compatibility Mode]