I) Diltaj (Dilthey)- Zasnivanje duhovnih nauka(nasuprot
egzaktnim) sinonimi koje za njih koristi suhumanistike, istorijske.
Na ovoj instanci temelji i kritiku pozitivizma (to je njemu
iKroeuzajedniko).uhovnenaukesusemnogokasnijeodegzaktnihoslo!odilemeta"izike,
z!og ega nisu in"eriorne u odnosu na njih, ve# samo speci"ine. $ako
su i%aililej(!i#e sveta je mera) i &egel (!i#e sveta je
do'ivljaj) podjednako naunici.- (azlika izme)u duhovnihi egzaktnih
nauka*razlikatumaenje/ objanjenje.(azliku izme)u tumaenja i
o!janjenja vidi u !te"enu. #bjanjenje t$eti$a %ao
&ii!te"entumaenja' (o&$enotumaenje. Npr.
sociologseusvojimtumaenjimamo'e pri!li'iti o!janjenju. + sluaju
istorije, lingvistike i teorije knji'evnosti se jomanje mo'e do#i
do optih pravila kroz o!janjenje.- , samom tekstu- radni naslov
ovog dela !io je .Kritika istorijskog uma/- ukazuje naistorijsku
dimenziju prouavanja (na liniji &erdera, 0inkelmana).$ekst
nastao 1233.4rvi deo se "okusira na sutinu hermeneutike i iskazuje
lino iltajevo stanovite, dokdrugi deo pru'a kanonski prikaz, genezu
discipline. Kljuni termini iltajeveargumentacije u
tekstu-(o)i&ljaj' i*$a*'$a*ume&anje. 5etoda duhovnih nauka
sezapravo svodi na ovu relaciju. (1) 4rva grupa kljunih termina-
do'ivljaj, izraz, razumevanje- Do)i&ljaj je sutina poezije,
kako onoga koji pie, tako i onoga koji ita. - I*$a* je most izme)u
do'ivljaja i razumevanja. ,n ukida singularnost
do'ivljajapretvaraju#i ono to je dinamika individualnog duha u ono
to je o!jektivno. - +a*ume&anje dela je izraz duevnog 'ivota. 6
"enomeni i njihovo prouavanje setiu 'ivota samog, u pitanju je
do'ivljaj i pisca i itaoca. (azumevanje teksta jerazumevanje
odre)enog 'ivota. (ecipijent tre!a da se poistoveti sa autorom i
daga razume !olje nego on samoga se!e. + tome izvesnu ulogu igra i
predznanjekao i interes onoga koji do'ivljava i tumai. (7) ruga
grupa kljunih termina- tumaenje, "ilologija i hermeneutika. -
,umaenje predstavlja vetinu razumevanja8 - -ilolo.ija je uenje o
toj vetini8 - he$meneuti%a o!uhvata o!a, i vetina i teorija
razumevanja.- +drugomdeluteksta iltaj dajei!to$ij!%i "$i%a*
he$meneuti%e- tumaenje &omera,so"isti, 9ristotel,
9leksandrijska kola (ateteza- postupak suprotan atri!uciji8
po!ijanjeneijeg autorstva. 4rema iltaju je ve# to hermenetuka).
%ovori o dva spora 9leksandrijskekole, sa 4ergamskom i
9ntiohijskom. + prvom sluaju, za 9leksandrijsku kolu se
vezujeanaloki metod tumaenja, a za 4ergamsku alegorijski (Krates).
+ drugom sluaju re je orazliitimpristupimautumaenju:i!lije.
9leksandrijskakolazagovaralogiki pristup,odnosno jedinstvo
!i!lijskog teksta, dok 9ntiohijska kola podriva celinu :i!lije
kaojedinstvo ;tarog i Novog zaveta. - /atija 0lai1 2la3iju! (33
imena istorijskihlinosti kojesugovoriletomeuprilog. ,nrazumetekst
kaologiki automat zaogrnutstilom.-
(azumevanjesenetieiskljuivodelave#i nas samih.
?ailtajanijekarakteristinorazumevanje umetnosti kao komunikacije.
9kcenat je i na autoru, i u tome se ose#aju tragovipozitivizma i
zakasnelog romantizma. (kasnije &ir razra)uje iltaja8
razumevanje autorskogznaenja8 znaaj intencije8 meaning@
signi"icance)- iltaja karakterie vie spoljanji pristup a !avi se
iskljuivo sadr'ajem dela. Najvie mu sezamera posmatranje autorskog
'ivota izvan socijalnog konteksta.4$oe (5$o3e)- /oni!ti%i "$i!tu"
ogleda se npr. u "ormuli .intuicija je ekspresija/ ili .kritika
znaisud, asudpretpostavljakriterij prosu)ivanja, akrijerij
prosu)ivanjapretpostavljapojmovno miljenje, a pojmovno miljenje, a
pojmovno miljenje pretpostavlja odnoss ostalim pojmovima8 a odnos
pojmova jeste sistem ili "ilozo"ija/- ?agovarao ideju da Boanstvena
komedija nije jedinstveno delo.-
Kroe!"ajahe.elo&!%ut$a(i3iju6$omantia$!%a(imen*ija8 veliki
uticaj e;anktisa- aluzija na njega i u ovom tekstu.- 0ikova Naela
nove znanosti- vie sistem drutvenih nauka nego "ilozo"ski sistem -
(govori i o homerskompitanju, lingvistikimpro!lemima itd)8 !itan je
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