Saura b Final

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Department of Structural Engineering, VTU PG Studies, Mysore Page 1

1. INTRODUCTION:

The basic objectives of “The Industrial training”, planned as part of the curriculum

for 3rd

semester MTech. (Structural Engineering), VTU PG Studies Mysuru, are to

understand the working flowchart of a design industry and to bridge the gap between

the academic area and the Industrial sectors for the structural design. In this regard,

we had an opportunity to work with “UNICO ASSOCIATES”, NO.490, SVP Nagar,

Mysore, 570028. In a period of 8 weeks our objectives were to get acquaint with the

working nature of a Structural Design Industry and to get ourselves familiarized with

the various processes involved in executing a typical structural design for the project

work.

The entire structural consultancy cell can be broadly divided into four divisions:

Designing, Drafting, Project working and Project execution coordination. This project

report work aims at systematically summarizing the various processes undergone in

accomplishing a typical structural design project.

At the outset we were exposed to various codes and design standards that form the

basis for the structural design work in our country. We went through the special

publications of the Bureau of Indian Standards and other specialized literatures related

to structural design. We were also encouraged to review the various analyses and

design aids in the form of software’s, which are the widely used tools in a structural

design industry. At the same time, due importance was lied at reviewing the

conceptual principals of structural analysis and design.

Any construction project, in general, begins with the wish of the builder or the client

to build a building and architecture who gives a form to the needs of the builder. The

role of a structural engineer is to configure the building for the requirements so that

the structure serves the intended function with structural safety and stability at a

minimum possible cost. The contractor then takes over the execution of the project.

1.1 ENGINEERING STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURALDESIGN:

An engineering structure consists of members or elements transferring the load (or

resisting external actions) and providing a form, space, enclosure and/or a cover to

serve the desired function. The structural design is a science and art of designing a

structure with economy and elegance. A durable structure is one, which can safely

carry the forces and can serve the desired function satisfactorily during its service life.

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The objective of structural design is to plan a structure, which meets all the basic

requirements of structural design which are given as follows:

Serviceability

Safety

Durability

Economy

Aesthetic beauty

Feasibility, practicability and acceptability.

1.2 BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF STRUCTURALDESIGN:

A creative sense, imagination, understanding and keen observation of structures in

nature, scientific knowledge of various aspects of structures, understanding of the

various structural phenomenon on basis of statistical and experimental data, and

finally, the backing of vast experience from the past, are some of the qualities

required for a structural engineer.

1.3 DESIGN PROCEDURE:

The process of structural design consists of the following phases:

Phase - I: This stage involves the determination of the following:

Type of structure (like RCC /STEEL)

Form of structure (like slab-beam, grid or shell)

Geometry and layout, which include determination of positioning

of Columns, beams and slab.

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Type of material, particularly grades of steel and concrete, method

of construction like R.C.C, Steel, P.S.C, Cast-in-situ, Pre-casted.

Phase – II: This stage involves gathering the necessary information from the client

which is as follows:

Function of the structure

Resources available

Importance of the structure and aesthetic requirements

Expected lifespan

Probability of extension in future

Relative weightage between time, economy, resources and soon.

Phase – III: This stage involves the analysis of the structure for the determination of

internal design forces (like bending moment, shear force, torsion, axial tension) in the

members and behavior of structures under the action of these forces.

Phase – IV: This stage involves the determination of sizes of members, amount and

detailing of reinforcement for resisting the design force. This stage forms the core and

substance of design.

Phase – V: This stage involves preparation of working drawings, giving sizes of the

members, detailing of the reinforcements, preparing bar bending schedules and

schedule of quantities giving specifications on material and special instruction, if any.

1.4 ABOUT THE TRAINING

The training was carried out for a period of eight weeks from 26th

July 2015 to

14th

October 2015 at “UNICO ASSOCIATES”, Mysuru. In this period, we went

through the various Indian Standard codes of practice and underwent training in the

use of manual design and software packages like “ETABS and SAFE.”

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2. UNICO ASSOCIATES PROFILE

UNICO ASSOCIATES is a Structural Engineering Consultancy firm Started in the year

2013. The Firm has designed the structures with due support of architectural,

structural, consultancy since 2 years. The Firm has Credit of giving Total consultancy

from beginning to completion of a project.

The Firm had also extended its structural design services to Contractors, Builders in

completing Residential.

COMPANY SERVICES

Architecture

Interior Design

Civil Engineering

Project Consultancy

Structural design

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3. PROJECT

3.1 ABOUT THE PROJECT

Nature of the project : 30’x40’ site Residential Building.

Location Mysuru, Karnataka

Structural Consultants : UNICO ASSOCIATES

DRAWINGS:

Architectural drawings of

Ground Floor Plan.

First Floor Plan.

Terrace Floor Plan.

4. WORK ASSIGNED Plan and Detailing in AUTO CAD Software

30’x40 Site planned as per Municipal Bye-law.

30’x40’ plan Designed as IS CODES.

5. WORK COMPLETED: Planning in AUTO CAD.

Analysis in ETABS

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a) Ground Floor Plan b) First Floor Plan

Fig 1: Autocad Plan

Fig 2: ETABS 3D- Modelling

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6. PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS: 1) Beam size

Primary beam = 0.2286mx0.3048m

2) Column size = 0.2286mx0.4572m

3) Slab thickness = 0.2m

4) Grade of concrete = M20

5) Grade of steel = Fe415

6) Height of floor = 3 m

Loads considered in the Design:

Dead load

• Wall load = (3-0.2-0.3048)*0.3048x20 =15.21KN/m

• Self weight of slab = 0.2x1x25 = 5 KN/m

• Floor finish = 1 KN/m

Live load

• Floor load = 2 KN/m

• Terrace load =1.5 KN/m

Load combinations (1.5(DL+LL))

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7. SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR FRAME ELEMENTS:

Table 1: Beam Forces

Story Beam Load

Case/Combo Station P V2 V3 T M2 M3

m kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m

Story3 B9 Dead 0.1143 -0.3978 -2.1491 -0.0861 0.6998 -0.026 -0.976

Story3 B9 Dead 0.5525 -0.3978 -1.3861 -0.0861 0.6998 0.0117 -0.2016

Story3 B9 Dead 0.9906 -0.3978 -0.6231 -0.0861 0.6998 0.0494 0.2386

Story3 B9 Dead 0.9906 0.2306 0.4437 0.0329 -0.3734 0.02 0.2221

Story3 B9 Dead 1.4288 0.2306 1.2067 0.0329 -0.3734 0.0056 -0.1395

Story3 B9 Dead 1.8669 0.2306 1.9697 0.0329 -0.3734 -0.0088 -0.8354

Story3 B9 Live 0.1143 -0.0923 -0.2196 -0.008 0.0246 -0.0042 -0.1746

Story3 B9 Live 0.5525 -0.0923 -0.2196 -0.008 0.0246 -0.0008 -0.0784

Story3 B9 Live 0.9906 -0.0923 -0.2196 -0.008 0.0246 0.0027 0.0178

Story3 B9 Live 0.9906 0.0243 -0.2452 -0.0049 -0.0436 -0.001 0.0219

Story3 B9 Live 1.4288 0.0243 -0.2452 -0.0049 -0.0436 0.0011 0.1293

Story3 B9 Live 1.8669 0.0243 -0.2452 -0.0049 -0.0436 0.0033 0.2368

Story3 B9 Super Dead 0.1143 -0.0526 -0.1714 -0.0087 0.1282 -0.0029 -0.1038

Story3 B9 Super Dead 0.5525 -0.0526 -0.1714 -0.0087 0.1282 0.0009 -0.0287

Story3 B9 Super Dead 0.9906 -0.0526 -0.1714 -0.0087 0.1282 0.0047 0.0464

Story3 B9 Super Dead 0.9906 0.0213 0.2524 0.0026 -0.0545 0.0017 0.042

Story3 B9 Super Dead 1.4288 0.0213 0.2524 0.0026 -0.0545 0.0005 -0.0686

Story3 B9 Super Dead 1.8669 0.0213 0.2524 0.0026 -0.0545 -0.0007 -0.1791

Story3 B9 Roof Live 0.1143 -0.0096 -0.0924 -0.0071 0.1738 -0.0012 -0.0248

Story3 B9 Roof Live 0.5525 -0.0096 -0.0924 -0.0071 0.1738 0.0019 0.0157

Story3 B9 Roof Live 0.9906 -0.0096 -0.0924 -0.0071 0.1738 0.005 0.0562

Story3 B9 Roof Live 0.9906 0.0137 0.5625 0.0076 -0.0491 0.0032 0.0466

Story3 B9 Roof Live 1.4288 0.0137 0.5625 0.0076 -0.0491 -0.0001 -0.1998

Story3 B9 Roof Live 1.8669 0.0137 0.5625 0.0076 -0.0491 -0.0034 -0.4463

Story3 B9 DCon1 0.1143 -0.6755 -3.4807 -0.1422 1.242 -0.0434 -1.6198

Story3 B9 DCon1 0.5525 -0.6755 -2.3362 -0.1422 1.242 0.0189 -0.3454

Story3 B9 DCon1 0.9906 -0.6755 -1.1917 -0.1422 1.242 0.0812 0.4274

Story3 B9 DCon1 0.9906 0.3777 1.0441 0.0533 -0.6418 0.0325 0.3962

Story3 B9 DCon1 1.4288 0.3777 2.1886 0.0533 -0.6418 0.0091 -0.312

Story3 B9 DCon1 1.8669 0.3777 3.3332 0.0533 -0.6418 -0.0143 -1.5217

Story3 B9 DCon2 0.1143 -0.814 -3.8102 -0.1541 1.279 -0.0498 -1.8817

Story3 B9 DCon2 0.5525 -0.814 -2.6657 -0.1541 1.279 0.0177 -0.463

Story3 B9 DCon2 0.9906 -0.814 -1.5212 -0.1541 1.279 0.0852 0.4542

Story3 B9 DCon2 0.9906 0.4142 0.6763 0.0461 -0.7072 0.031 0.429

Story3 B9 DCon2 1.4288 0.4142 1.8208 0.0461 -0.7072 0.0108 -0.1181

Story3 B9 DCon2 1.8669 0.4142 2.9653 0.0461 -0.7072 -0.0094 -1.1666

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Table 2: Column Forces

Story Column Load

Case/Combo Station P V2 V3 T M2 M3

m kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m

Story3 C11 Dead 0 -20.004 -3.1613 -1.9927 0.0367 -3.1251 -4.9186

Story3 C11 Dead 1.3857 -16.3843 -3.1613 -1.9927 0.0367 -0.3639 -0.538

Story3 C11 Dead 2.7714 -12.7647 -3.1613 -1.9927 0.0367 2.3974 3.8426

Story3 C11 Live 0 -0.9369 -0.2477 -0.3192 0.0059 -0.4948 -0.3309

Story3 C11 Live 1.3857 -0.9369 -0.2477 -0.3192 0.0059 -0.0525 0.0122

Story3 C11 Live 2.7714 -0.9369 -0.2477 -0.3192 0.0059 0.3898 0.3554

Story3 C11 Super Dead 0 -1.5103 -0.2696 -0.2249 0.0048 -0.3392 -0.1272

Story3 C11 Super Dead 1.3857 -1.5103 -0.2696 -0.2249 0.0048 -0.0276 0.2464

Story3 C11 Super Dead 2.7714 -1.5103 -0.2696 -0.2249 0.0048 0.284 0.62

Story3 C11 Roof Live 0 -1.5628 -0.2186 -0.0979 0.0028 -0.1377 0.0574

Story3 C11 Roof Live 1.3857 -1.5628 -0.2186 -0.0979 0.0028 -0.002 0.3604

Story3 C11 Roof Live 2.7714 -1.5628 -0.2186 -0.0979 0.0028 0.1337 0.6634

Story3 C11 DCon1 0 -32.2715 -5.1463 -3.3263 0.0624 -5.1964 -7.5687

Story3 C11 DCon1 1.3857 -26.842 -5.1463 -3.3263 0.0624 -0.5872 -0.4374

Story3 C11 DCon1 2.7714 -21.4126 -5.1463 -3.3263 0.0624 4.022 6.6938

Story3 C11 DCon2 0 -33.6768 -5.5178 -3.805 0.0712 -5.9386 -8.0651

Story3 C11 DCon2 1.3857 -28.2474 -5.5178 -3.805 0.0712 -0.666 -0.4191

Story3 C11 DCon2 2.7714 -22.818 -5.5178 -3.805 0.0712 4.6067 7.227

Fig 3: Bending Moment Diagram in 3D view

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Table 3: Story Drifts

Story Load

Case/Combo Label Item Drift X Y Z

m M m

Story3 Dead 13 Max Drift X 0.000047 8.3058 11.5824 7.45

Story3 Dead 20 Max Drift Y 0.000018 5.1054 11.5824 7.45

Story3 Live 20 Max Drift X 0.00003 5.1054 11.5824 7.45

Story3 Live 20 Max Drift Y 0.000002 5.1054 11.5824 7.45

Story3 Super Dead 13 Max Drift X 0.000009 8.3058 11.5824 7.45

Story3 Super Dead 20 Max Drift Y 0.000003 5.1054 11.5824 7.45

Story3 Roof Live 15 Max Drift X 0.00001 5.1054 0 7.45

Story3 Roof Live 13 Max Drift Y 0.000003 8.3058 11.5824 7.45

Story3 DCon1 13 Max Drift X 0.000084 8.3058 11.5824 7.45

Story3 DCon1 20 Max Drift Y 0.000031 5.1054 11.5824 7.45





Story2 Live 15 Max Drift X 0.000003 5.1054 0 4.45

Story2 Live 20 Max Drift Y 0.000007 8.3058 0 4.45


Story2 Super Dead 20 Max Drift Y 0.000003 8.3058 0 4.45

Story2 Roof Live 20 Max Drift X 0.000002 8.3058 0 4.45

Story2 Roof Live 13 Max Drift Y 0.000001 8.3058 11.5824 4.45







Story1 Live 15 Max Drift X 0.000003 0.9144 11.5824 1.45

Story1 Live 13 Max Drift Y 0.000004 8.3058 11.5824 1.45


Story1 Super Dead 13 Max Drift Y 0.000002 8.3058 11.5824 1.45

Story1 Roof Live 15 Max Drift X 3.546E-07 5.1054 0 1.45

Story1 Roof Live 13 Max Drift Y 2.592E-07 8.3058 1.9812 1.45





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Table 4: Base Reactions

Load Case/Combo FX FY FZ MX MY MZ X Y Z

kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m M m m

Dead 0 0 2873.4014 16535.6945 -

15144.1297 0 0 0 0

Live 0 0 342.4406 1983.142 -1578.6854 0 0 0 0

Super Dead 0 0 208.2886 1206.241 -1037.908 0 0 0 0

Roof Live 0 0 55.6025 322.005 -372.8479 0 0 0 0

DCon1 0 0 4622.5351 26612.9033 -

24273.0565 0 0 0 0

DCon2 0 0 5136.196 29587.6163 -

26641.0847 0 0 0 0

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8. CONCLUSIONS:

My training at “UNICO ASSOCIATES has been an eye-opening as well as an

enriching experience for me. I gained an in-depth and thorough knowledge on the

Structural Engineering Practices exercised by Engineers in India. It is important that a

prospective engineer such as me to develop a strong understanding in the basics of

structural elementdesign.

Knowledge about visualization of structure isobtained.

All the design requirements were checked for codal provisions.

Knowledge about preparation of structural design report is obtained

and learned to apply our engineering knowledge to practical field.

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9. REFERENCES:

IS 456 -2000, Plain and reinforced concrete - Code of practice, Bureau of Indian

Standards, NewDelhi.

IS 875 (Part 1,2,3): 1987, Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake for

buildings and structures: Dead, Imposed loads, Bureau of Indian Standards, NewDelhi.

SP 16 (1980), Design aids for reinforced concrete to IS: 456-1978, Indian Standard

Institution, NewDelhi.

SP 34 (1980), Handbbok on concrete reinforcement and detailing, Bureau of Indian

Standards, NewDelhi.

Shah.V.L, and Karve,S.R., “ Limit State Theory and Design of Reinforced Concrete as

per IS: 456 – 2000”, 4th

Edition, Structures Publications,Pune.

Shah.J.H, “Reinforced Concrete vol-II”,6th

Edition, Chorotar Publishing House Pvt

Ltd,Anand,(2012).

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Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION: ............................................................................................................................ 1

1.1 ENGINEERING STRUCTURES AND STRUCTURALDESIGN: ................................................... 1

1.2 BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF STRUCTURALDESIGN: .............................................................. 2

1.3 DESIGN PROCEDURE: ......................................................................................................... 2

1.4 ABOUT THE TRAINING ....................................................................................................... 3

2. UNICO ASSOCIATES PROFILE ......................................................................................................... 4

3. PROJECT ......................................................................................................................................... 5

3.1 ABOUT THE PROJECT .............................................................................................................. 5

4. WORK ASSIGNED ........................................................................................................................... 5

5. WORK COMPLETED: ....................................................................................................................... 5

6. PROPERTIES OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS: ......................................................................................... 7

7. SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS FOR FRAME ELEMENTS: ................................................................... 8

9. REFERENCES: ................................................................................................................................ 13

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List of Tables:

Table 1: Beam Forces ............................................................................................................................. 8

Table 2: Column Forces ......................................................................................................................... 9

Table 3: Story Drifts ............................................................................................................................. 10

Table 4: Base Reactions ....................................................................................................................... 11

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