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SatireTheuseofmockery,irony,humor,and/orwit toattackorridiculesomethingsuchasaperson,habit,idea,institution,society,orcustom thatis,orisconsideredtobefoolish,flawedorwrong. Theaim ofsatireis,orshouldbe,toimprovehumaninstitutionsand/orhumanity.Satireattemptsthroughhumorandlaughtertoinspire individuals,institutions,andhumankindtoimproveortoencourage itsreaderstoputpressureonindividualsandinstitutionssothattheymaybeimprovedforthebenefitofall.
Satire
• Satiretriestopersuadethereadertobelieveortodosomethingbyshowingtheoppositeviewasabsurd,vicious,orinhumane.Satireispartiallysocomplex,becauseitaddressesmultipleaudiencesatoncewithmultipleintents.
ThreeAudiences
• 1.Thosewhomtheauthor(orartist)believestoalreadybeinagreement.(Theywouldshareinthe“laugh”)
• 2.Thosewhomtheauthor(orartist)wouldliketoridiculefortheiropposingviewpoint.
• 3.Thosewhomtheauthor(orartist)believesmaybepersuadedthroughexposuretothesatiricalwork– tothinkoractashe/shewouldlike.
ThreeIntents oftheSatirist
• 1.Toshowyourselfintelligentandaccomplishedtothoseonyourside.
• 2.Tomakethosewhomyoudisagreewithlookfoolish.
• 3.Topersuadetoyourpointofview,thosewhoareintelligentenoughtounderstandthesatireandrecognizetheridiculous(thereby“swinging”themtoyourside).
TechniquesofSatire
Exaggeration/Hyperbole
• Makingasmallblemishbiggerorahiddenviceorfollylargerinordertomakeitvisibleisoneofthebestwaystopointoutitsexistencetotheaudienceortothetargetitself.Somespecifictypesofexaggerationincludetheoutrageoussuggestionsandproposalswhichoftencharacterizesatiricalpiecesandthewriter’sexaggerationofthecustomarydictionandsyntaxofanindividual,anagency,atext,orapublication.
Exaggeration/Hyperbole
Distortion
• Twistingoremphasizingsomeaspectofacondition,individual,oreventtendstohighlightit.Atypeofdistortionmayincludethejuxtapositionofinappropriateorincongruousideasorthings.
Distortion
Understatement
• Whenthefollyorevilissogreatthatfurtherexaggerationisimpossible,understatementshowsitstrueextent.
Understatement
Innuendo
• Avaluabletoolforthesatiristbecauseitallowshimtoimplicateatargetbyacompletelyindirectattack.Thisisespeciallyusefulwhenthetargetisdangerous,foritisoftenpossibletodenytheinsinuation.
Innuendo
DoubleEntendre
Diction
• Useofsillyorinherentlyfunnywordslike“newt”and“nostril”canenhancesatire.
Diction
Invective/Diatribe/Rant• Aspeechthatcriticizessomeoneorsomethingfluentlyandatalength.Forexample:“Isee.Well,ofcourse,thisisjustthesortofblinkeredphilistinepig-ignoranceI’vecometoexpectfromyounon-creativegarbage.Yousitthereonyourloathsomespottybehindssqueezingblackheads,notcaringatinker’scussforthestrugglingartist.Youexcrement,youwhininghypocriticaltoadieswithyourcolorTVsetsandyourTonyJackling golfclubsandyourbleedingMasonicsecrethandshakes.”(JohnCleeseinMontyPython’s“ArchitectSketch”)
Diatribe/Rant/Invective
Pun/Malapropism
• Anyconstructioncapableofconveyingadoublemeaningislikelytobeemployedinsatire,sincemultiplemeaningsformthebasisofmuchofsatire.
Malapropism
Hehadtouseafiredistinguisher.
Dadsaysthemonsterisjustapigmentofmyimagination.
Isn'tthatanexpensivependulumroundthatman'sneck?
He'sawolfincheapclothing.
MichelangelopaintedtheSixteenthChapel.
Mysisterhasextra-centuryperception.
"Don't"isacontraption.
Ifeellikedancingtheflamingo.
Theuseofanincorrectwordinplaceofawordwithasimilarsound, resulting inanonsensical,oftenhumorous utterance.
Oxymoron
• Expressionscomposedofwordsthatarenotinherentlymutuallyexclusivebutexpressanopinionthatthetwocannotoccurtogether,usuallyforsatiricalintent.Forexample,cruelkindness,businessethics,
ParableandAllegory• Asingleworkcancombineelementsofanallegory,fableandsatire.Forexample,thenovelAnimalFarm byGeorgeOrwellisfulloffarmanimalcharacterswhorepresentRussianhistoricalfigures.ThenovelsatirizesCommunistideasthroughtheeventsandactionsthattheanimalsengageinonthefarm.Thestoryworksasanallegory.Ononelevelitisaboutanimalslivingonafarmbut,onanotherlevel,itisaboutthehistoryofRussianCommunism.Theanimalcharacterswhopossesshumanqualitiesmakethestoryafableandthenovel'suseofexaggerationandridiculemakeitasatire.
Sarcasm
• a sharply ironical taunta sneering or cutting remark