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Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

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Page 1: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia
Page 2: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

Satellite View of South Asia

Page 3: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

TheSize ofSouthAsia

Page 4: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

Countries

India

Pakistan

Bangladesh

Nepal Bhutan

Sri Lanka

Afghanistan

China

Myanmar

Iran

Page 5: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

Bodies of Water

Indus

R.

Ganges R.

Brahmaputra R.

Arabian Sea

Indian Ocean

Bay ofBengal

Page 6: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

• India is refer to often by geographers as a subcontinent– Subcontinent – a large landmass that is smaller

than a continent• Subcontinents are usually separated from the rest

of their continents by physical features– Mountains largely separate India from the rest of

Asia• Among the mountains of northern India are the

Himalayas, the highest mountains in the world• To the west are the Hindu Kush• Though these mountains made it hard to enter

India, invaders have historically found a few paths through them

Landforms and Rivers

Page 7: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

HimalayasHindu Kush

Page 8: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

The Ganges River System

1,560 miles long

Page 9: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

Valleys / Plains

Indo-GangeticPlain

Page 10: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

Elevation Levels

Page 11: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

Mountains & Peaks

Himalayas

Mt. Everest▲

Karakoran Mts.

Hindu Kush

Vindhya Hills

East

ern G

hatsW

este

rn G

hats

Khy

ber

Pass

I I

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Hindu Kush

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The Khyber Pass

Page 14: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

The Himalayas

“him” [snow]

“aalaya” [home]

Mt. Everest is 29,035 feet. It is the highest mt. peak in the world.

Page 15: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

The Himalayas

Page 16: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

Deserts / Plateaus

Thar

Desert

DeccanPlateau

TibetanPlateau

Page 17: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

The Deccan Plateau

31,800 square miles in size.

Elevation range: 2,000 – 8,000 feet high.

From the Sanskrit word, “dakshina” [“the south”].

Page 18: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

The tibetan Plateau

The “Roof of the World.”

average elevation is 16,400 feet.

Page 19: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

The Thar Desert

The Great Indian Desert

200 - 1500 feet in elevation.

up to 127ºF in July.

Page 20: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia
Page 21: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

• Most of India has a hot and humid climate• This climate is heavily influenced by India’s

monsoons– Monsoon – seasonal wind patterns that cause

wet and dry seasons• In the summer, monsoon winds blow into India

from the Indian Ocean, bringing heavy rains that can cause terrible floods

• Some parts of India receive as much as 100 or even 200 inches of rain during this time

• In the winter, winds blow down from the mountains • This forces moisture out of India and creates warm,

dry winters

Climate

Page 22: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

Climate Regions of South Asia

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Temperature

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Earthquake Zones in India

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Major Farming Systems

of South Asia

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Silk Cultivation

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Tiger regions

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Indus Valley Civilization

Page 29: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

• Historians call the civilization that grew up in the Indus River Valley the Harappan civilization

• In addition, many of the settlements were found along the Sarasvati River, located southeast of the Indus

• Like other ancient societies we have studied, the Harappan civilization grew as irrigation and agriculture improved

• As farmers began to produce surpluses of food, towns and cities appeared in India

Harappan Civilization

Page 30: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

Ancient Indus Village

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Artist picture of an Indus Village

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• The Harappan civilization was named after the modern city of Harappa, Pakistan

• It was near this city that ruins of the civilization were first discovered

• From studying these ruins, archaeologist think that the civilization thrived between 2300 and 1700 BC

India’s First Cities

Page 33: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

• The greatest sources of information we have about Harappan civilization are the ruins of two large cities, Harappa and Mohenjo Daro

• The two cities lay on the Indus more than 300 miles apart but were remarkably similar

• Both were well planned• Each stood near a towering fortress• From these fortresses, defenders could look

down on the cities’ brick streets, which crossed at right angles and were lined with storehouses, workshops, market stalls, and houses

• Both cities had many public wells

Page 34: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia
Page 35: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

Mohenjo-Daro village used bricks

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Walls on the street

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Life in an Indus Village (Craftsmen at work)

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• Harappan civilization was very advanced• Most houses had bathrooms with indoor plumbing• Artisans made excellent pottery, jewelry, ivory

objects, and cotton clothing• They used high-quality tools and developed a

system of weights and measures• They also developed India’s first writing system

– Scholars have not yet learned to read this language, so we know very little about Harappan society

– Historians think they had a kings and strong central governments, but aren’t sure

– The people may have worshipped many gods– The civilization ended by the early 1700s, but no

one is sure why

Harappan Achievements

Page 39: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

• Not long after the Harappan civlization crumbled, a new group arrived in the Indus Valley

• They were called the Aryans • They were originally from the area

around the Caspian Sea in Central Asia

• Over time, however, they became the dominant group in India

Aryan Migration

Page 40: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

• The Aryans first arrived in India in the 2000s BC• Historians and archaeologist believe that the Aryans

crossed into India through mountain passes in the northwest

• Over many centuries, they spread east and south into central India

• From there they moved even farther east into the Ganges River Valley

• Much of what we know about the Aryan society comes from religious writings known as the Vedas

• These are collections of poems, hymns, myths, and rituals that were written by Aryan priests

Arrival and Spread

Page 41: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

• As nomads, the Aryans took along their herds of animals as they moved

• But over time, they settled in villages and began to farm

• Unlike the Harappans, they did not build big cities• The Aryan political system was also different from

the Harappan system• The Aryans lived in small communities, based

mostly on family ties• No single ruling authority existed• Each group had its own leader, often a skilled

warrior

Government and Society

Page 42: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

• Aryan villages were governed by rajas– Rajas – a leader who ruled a village and the land

around it• Villagers farmed some of this land for the raja• They used other sections as pastures for their

cows, horses, sheep, and goats• Although many rajas were related, they didn’t

always get along• Sometimes rajas joined forces before fighting a

common enemy• Other times, however, rajas went to war against

each other• In fact, Aryan groups fought each other nearly as

often as they fought others

Page 43: Satellite View of South Asia The Size of South Asia

1. What are monsoons?

2. How does northern India differ from the rest of the region?

3. Why is India called a subcontinent?

4. Where did Harappan civilization develop?

5. What is one reason that scholars do not completely understand some important parts of Harappan society?

6. Who were the Aryans?

7. How was Aryan society different from Harappan society?

Answer these question in your notebook…