SARDI Oat Newsletter 2019 · 2019-11-21 · Oat Breeding Newsletter, November, 2019 Page 5 1. Entries for 2019 Grain Trials 1.1 NVT and Stage 4 Grain Trials New in 2019 • NVT sites

Oat Breeding Newsletter

November 2019

Launching Bilby oats at the Royal Adelaide Show, September 2019

Compiled by Sue Hoppo and Pamela Zwer for the

National Oat Breeding Program:

In conjunction with:

Pamela Zwer (SARDI)

Sue Hoppo (SARDI)

Peter McCormack (SARDI)

Michelle Williams (SARDI)

Mark Hill (SARDI)

Peter Wheeler (SARDI)

KerryLee McMurray (SARDI)

Pip Payne (DPIRD)

Debra Donovan (DPIRD)

Cody Hull (DPIRD)

SARDI Agronomy Group

SARDI Molecular Genetics Group

SARDI Field Crops Pathology

Centre for Bioinformatics and Biometrics (CBB) at the National

Institute for Applied Statistics Research Australia (NIASRA)

NVT Program

DPIRD NVT and Agronomy Group

Australian Cereal Rust Control Program (ACRCP)

Funded by:

Supported by:

SARDI/PIRSA

DPIRD

GRDC

Agrifutures Australia

SAGIT

Uncle Tobys Company

AEXCO Pty Ltd

Oat grower co-operators across Australia

Grain Industry Western Australia – Oat Committee (GIWA)

Australian Fodder Industry Association (AFIA)

NEWSLETTER HIGHLIGHTS

• Read about the entries and trial locations for our most advanced material in grain and

hay trials in sections 1 and 2

• Read about our visiting scientists from Brazil and Japan on page 8, and our new ovens on

page 9

• Project outputs for the oat pre breeding project are on page 9,

• Saline-sodicity tolerance in oats is on page 10 – read about the latest results from this

important screening work and what trials have been conducted this year,

• Read about what the WA program been up to on page 14

• Information about the WA oat agronomy project is also on page 14 including

information about the exciting new National Hay Agronomy project

• Information about new varieties including the two new varieties launched this year –

Bilby, a milling variety and Koorabup, a hew hay variety,

• Section 5 on page 18 contains summaries about newly released grain lines including the

latest results for various yield, quality and disease resistance ratings

• Section 6 on page 30 contains summaries about newly released grain lines including the

latest results for various yield, quality and disease resistance ratings

Early generation plants growing in the greenhouse in April, 2019

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Entries for 2019 grain trials

2. Entries for 2019 hay trials

3. Breeding program developments

4. New varieties

5. Long term grain trial results

6. Long term hay trial results

The DPIRD stand at the Dowerin Field Day, August 2018 (photo courtesy Cody Hull)

Editors’ note:

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Oat Breeding Newsletter, November, 2019 Page 5

1. Entries for 2019 Grain Trials

1.1 NVT and Stage 4 Grain Trials

New in 2019

• NVT sites in Corrigin and Wagin in WA replaced with sites in Cuballing and Pingelly

• Stage 4 grain trial moved from Leeton to Goologong in NSW

• Brookton trial site moved to Highbury in WA

National Variety Testing (NVT) trials comprising 16 entries were sown at a total of 27 locations

throughout SA, Victoria, NSW and WA in 2019 (Table 1). Trial locations and plans can be found on

the NVT website www.nvtonline.com.au

The Stage 4 grain trial reduced to 40 entries in 2019, down from 48 entries in 2018. Stage 4 grain

trials were sown at four locations in SA, one location in NSW and five locations in WA (Table 2).

The Stage 4 grain entries were sown in nurseries at Manjimup to evaluate leaf rust, barley yellow

dwarf virus (BYDV) and septoria resistance and at Canarvon in a stem rust nursery. Stage 4 grain

entries were also evaluated for CCN resistance at the Waite Campus in SA and for stem and leaf

rust by the Australian Cereal Rust Control Program, the University of Sydney, at Cobbitty in NSW.

Information about the grain yield and quality of named lines is included in section 6 of this

newsletter.

Picking single heads from early generation material in the drought conditions at Turretfield in December, 2018


Table 1: NVT trial locations in 2019.

South Australia Victoria New South Wales Western Australia

NVT 16

Bordertown

Crystal Brook

Frances

Paskeville

Waikerie

NVT 16

Diggora

Dookie

Eastville

Hamilton

Streatham

NVT 16

Condobolin

Cowra

Gerogery

Oaklands

Quandialla

Wagga Wagga

Wellington

NVT 16

Cunderdin

Dandaragan

Esperance R.S.

Holt Rock

Merredin

Pingrup

Rylington Park

York

New -

Cuballing

Pingelly

Table 2: Stage 4 grain trial and nursery locations in 2019.

South Australia New South Wales Western Australia

Yield trials

Riverton

Pinery

Turretfield

Padthaway

Seed increase

Wasleys

Nurseries

Waite (CCN resistance)

Yield trials

Goologong

Nurseries

Rust evaluation at

ACRCP Cobbitty

Yield trials

Cunderdin

Highbury

Muresk

Rylington Park

Wongan Hills

Nurseries

Manjimup (BYDV, rust &

septoria)

Canarvon (rust)

Harvesting early generation hill plots at Turretfield in December, 2018


2. Entries for 2019 Hay Trials

2.1 Hay trials

New in 2019

• Cunderdin changed from S5 to S4 hay trial

• Wongan Hills changed from S4 to S5 hay trial

• Only two trials harvested for hay yield in WA

The Stage 5 (S5) hay trial for 2019 had 28 entries and was sown at Muresk and Wongan Hills in

WA, Horsham in Victoria and Finley in NSW. Stage 4 (S4) hay trials include the 28 entries from

the S5 trial and an additional 40 entries to make a total of 68 entries, an increase of 24 entries

from 2018. Hay and grain yield and quality assessment will be conducted at three locations in SA,

two locations in Victoria, one location in NSW and two locations in WA (Table 3). The Stage 4 late

hay trial for 2019 has 16 entries and was sown at three locations in SA and one location in WA.

Late hay trials located at Riverton and Turretfield in SA will be cut for hay yield and quality

assessments. All trials will be assessed for grain yield and grain quality. The Stage 4 entries from

both the hay and late hay trials were also sown in nurseries to evaluate stem and leaf rust, BYDV

and septoria resistance in WA, CCN resistance at the Waite Campus in SA and stem and leaf rust

by the Australian Cereal Rust Control Program. Information about the hay yield and hay quality as

well as grain yield from 2014-2018 of released lines is included in section 6 of this newsletter.

Table 3: Stage 5 and Stage 4 hay and late hay trial and nursery locations in 2019

South Australia Victoria Western Australia

Stage 4 trials

Pinery (hay & late hay)

Turretfield (hay & late hay)

Riverton (hay & late hay)

Seed increase

Wasleys

Nurseries

Waite Campus (CCN

resistance)

Stage 5

Horsham (Longrenong)

Stage 4

Elmore

Stage 5

Muresk (obs only)

Wongan Hills (obs & grain harvest)

Stage 4

Cunderdin

Highbury

Dunn Rock (obs & grain harvest)

Merredin (obs & grain harvest)

Rylington Park (late hay-

observation and grain harvest only)

Nurseries

Manjimup (septoria, BYDV, stem

and leaf rust)

New South Wales

Stage 5

Finley

Nurseries

Rust evaluation at ACRCP Cobbitty


3. Breeding Program Developments

3.1 Renan Carvahal

Following on from the visit by Dr Sohbat Bahraminejad from the Iranian province of Kermanshah we

were visited by Renan Carhaval and his wife from Brazil.

Renan Carvalhal joined our team for a few months from January to March to learn about our

program. Renan is from the IAPAR in Brazil and is based in the city of Londrina, in the state of

Parana. He is a leader in the seed production program for all of the cultivars of the Institute

Agronomico Do Parana working with oats, wheat, maize, beans, and winter and summer cover

crops. He works with two species of oat - Avena sativa for grain and Avena strigosa which is used as

a cover crop in no-till systems.

3.2 Kumpei Shiragaki

Kumpei Shiragaki joined the Oat Breeding team at SARDI on a 3 month study program in October.

Kumpei is from Osaka Prefecture University and has been helping with many aspects of the

program. We welcome Kumpei and hope he has an enjoyable and educational visit.


3.3 Oat Program new ovens

In August 2019 the oat program took delivery of 2 new ovens thanks to the generous support of our

industry partner AEXCO. Installed just in time for hay cutting, they gave us much needed hay drying

capacity.

3.3 Project updates

3.4.1 Oat Pre-Breeding Project

SARDI leads National Oat pre-breeding research in partnership with the University of Sydney.

The program is supported by GRDC, SARDI and the University of Sydney.

Outputs of the current project:

• The Australian oat industry has access to scientific capability and genomics resources to apply

modern breeding technologies and improve the rate of genetic gain in oat breeding, ensuring

Australian growers have access to adapted and high performing varieties.

• The breeding program has access to cost effective and informative genotyping that provides

understanding regarding the diversity in the program, whilst facilitating approaches for genetic

analysis of complex traits and the use of genomic selection in breeding.

• Through screening of diverse germplasm, new sources of resistance to leaf and stem rusts,

cereal cyst nematode, septoria and red leather leaf identified.

• Parental oat genetic stocks with improved leaf and stem rusts, cereal cyst nematode,

septoria and red leather in elite backgrounds produced and delivered to the breeding program.

• Knowledge on the genetics of resistance and tolerance to the key traits that limit yield

potential of milling oats.


3.4.2 Saline - sodicity tolerance in oats (update thanks to Dr Graham Lyons,

Univ Adel)

In order to validate our findings from controlled environments (which are continuing in SARDI

PRC glasshouses), field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019.

Diverse germplasm was included, with 8 milling, 8 hay/feed grain, 8 pasture/fodder, and 8

overseas varieties/lines planted in the two 2018 field trials, along with durum checks.

Design: completely randomized, with 3 replications. The Redhill (saline-sodic) trial was

conducted with the Adelaide University durum wheat breeding group, with plots 5 m2 and the

Turretfield (“normal” soil) site was conducted with the SARDI oat breeding group, with plots 3

m2

Table 1. Chemical soil characteristics at Redhill (saline-sodic soil) and Turretfield (“normal” soil)

oat field trial sites 2018 Location Sampling

depth

(cm)

pH

(H2O)

ECe

dS/m

ESP % SAR Water

content

%

Saturation paste exchangeable

cations mg/kg

Chloride

mg/kg

Boron

mg/kg

Sodium Potassium Magnesium Calcium

Redhill 0-20 7.8 6.7 60.0 10.4 15.0 905 37 129 336 628 7

20-60 9.1 6.8 83.8 24.2 16.0 1268 12 70 127 850 28

60-100 9.2 7.1 88.5 31.2 16.6 1386 12 56 66 947 29

Turretfield 0-20 5.3 1.4 37.0 2.5 9.2 98 48 31 66 44 1

Notes: Means of 4 replications; Samples collected at average early heading (Zadoks 54) stage; Analyses by CSBP,

Perth. A saline-sodic soil has a sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) > 6; an exchangeable sodium % (ESP) > 13; electrical

conductivity (ECe); > 4; pH (H2O) > 8.3

ECe: electrical conductivity of paste extract; SAR = [Na]/square root of [[Ca]+[Mg]/2] in milliequivalents/litre; ESP: the

relative amount of Na, expressed as a % of the total cation exchange capacity (CEC).

Redhill (loam) is strongly saline-sodic, well above the threshold for all parameters. It is high in Na and Cl throughout

the soil profile, high in subsoil boron, with highish Mg and Ca and lowish K. Turretfield (clay loam), although with

highish ESP (due to low K, Mg, Ca, especially in the subsoil), is not sodic or saline, with low ECe, SAR, Na and Cl, and is

also low in B.

Whole top biomass was sampled at around early heading (average Zadoks 54) stage (2 x 0.5

metre rows) from representative plots, dried and weighed. These were reported in the SAGIT

Progress Report, January 2019. Leaves (15-20 penultimate, flag leaf minus 1, per plot),

randomly selected in plots representative of each variety/line at around early heading (Zadoks

54), dried, acid-digested and analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission

spectrometry (ICP-OES) by CSIRO Glen Osmond, for mineral nutrients and micronutrients.

Visual observations were recorded and photographs taken throughout the growing season.

The trials were harvested in early December, and grain weight per plot recorded (see Figure 1).

Although biomass at heading was higher at Turretfield, grain yield at Redhill was higher than at

Turretfield. The low rainfall conditions at Turretfield (clay soil) proved testing for all varieties,

and ultimately this site in 2018 can be regarded as a trial of moisture stress/drought tolerance,

rather than as a control site, as originally intended. It provided further evidence for

identification of the toughest oat varieties. The grain yield rankings were similar for both trials


(r2 = 6.3). At both sites, milling varieties/lines generally had higher grain yields than hay/feed

grain varieties, while most pasture/fodder oats and overseas varieties had lower grain yields,

as expected. The latter two categories did it particularly tough during the late part of the

season at Turretfield. The overseas varieties Troy (USA) and Drummond (Scotland) had

impressive biomass yields, and the dual-purpose (pasture and feed grain) Eurabbie, in terms of

grain yield, thrived at Redhill but not at Turretfield. The milling variety Bannister did well,

topping grain yield at both sites and in the top two for biomass at both sites. It is also known as

a high yielder under optimal conditions. The farmer’s Compass barley (surrounding the trial

site) yielded 2.7 t/ha.

Figure 1. Grain yield (t/ha) Note: DP = dual purpose (pasture and feed grain: Eurabbie. Florida (US) is also DP).

Leaf mineral concentrations in indicator leaves

Sodium was highish in oats at both sites, as oats are not efficient Na excluders, and higher at

Redhill, as expected: 3210-12500, mean 6470 ppm. Interestingly, the lowest yielding (biomass)

hay variety at Redhill, Tammar had the lowest Na, while the highest yielding (biomass and

grain) hay variety at Redhill, Kangaroo, had the highest Na.

Boron levels were high at Redhill (oats 136-759, mean 288 ppm), but appeared to have little

effect on biomass or grain yield, and the lowest-B cereal, Aurora durum (88 ppm), yielded

poorly. Reuter & Robinson (“Plant Analysis”, CSIRO, 1997) denote B > 35 ppm as toxic in similar

tissue to our indicator leaves. I suggest this is setting the bar too low for possible B toxicity, as

my global leaf mineral data for a range of plant species, including cereals, over nearly 20 years

suggest B levels in the range 20-100 ppm DW are normal.


Low tissue levels of P, Mg and Zn were found at both sites: e.g. P at Redhill: Bannister 1360,

SARDI 06204-16 1240, Urano 1610, Aurora durum 1570 ppm, and at Turretfield: Mitika 800

ppm. Mg (which is regarded as deficient in oats if < 1200 ppm) at Redhill: Urano 915, Bannister

750, 06204-16 685, Drummond 532 (should be profoundly deficient, but there were no leaf

symptoms of deficiency). Zinc deficient levels : at Redhill in 06204-16: 7 ppm, and 8 ppm in

Bannister and Williams. Compass barley had reasonable Zn: 23 ppm. At Turretfield, Mulgara

had only 7 ppm Zn. Calcium was low at Redhill (50% < 2000 ppm), especially in the pasture oat

varieties, e.g. Bond 824, Graza 947 ppm.

Kowari, one of the higher-yielding varieties at Turretfield (left) and Turretfield oats, Oct 2018 (right)

Redhill plots, October 2018 (left) and oat and maize pot trials 2018 (right)

2019

This year we are again conducting trials at Redhill and Turretfield, with both trials managed by

the SARDI Oat Group. Most of the poorest-yielding varieties of 2018 have been dropped, and

several new SARDI lines were included. In addition, some interesting SARDI bread wheat

germplasm from Yusuf Genc’s program has been included, with comparators such as Mace,

Federation, Baart 46 and Tamaroi and Aurora durum wheat. Replications increased to four. The

Redhill trial, although located next to the 2018 trial and experiencing similar early-season


rainfall, is more challenging than last year. Patches of particularly high surface salinity

(preliminary ECe readings ca 12 dS/m; analyses pending of soil samples to 1m depth, salt

patches v normal areas within the trial) inhibited early growth and emergence immediately

post-germination. Thus 23% of plots have a combination of good and either no or limited

biomass (see photo). In addition, the Compass barley in the trial shows brown necrotic spots,

probably from B toxicity, on older leaves. At this stage (1st October), the Turretfield trial looks

good (in contrast to 2018 and despite below-average rainfall), with almost all plots growing

evenly (see photos).

I wish to thank SAGIT and the SARDI Oat Group for their strong support for this program.

Redhill oat/wheat trial June 2019 (left) and Turretfield oat/wheat trial September 2019 (right & below)


3.4.4 WA program developments – thanks to Pip Payne, DPIRD

The start to the season was a little late but we sowed most of our trials dry before the season

broke. Rain finally came and the season was looking good until an early, dry finish. As our trials

were in early they’re still looking okay and we will know how yield was affected after harvest.

Disease levels have been low this year due to the warm, dry finish. We did have good levels of

BYDV, leaf and stem rust in the nurseries but septoria was only average. In the disease space

Geoff Thomas and Kylie Chambers of DPIRD put in some septoria trials at Muresk, as we did

with a small disease nursery. Unfortunately, disease levels were disappointing for septoria at

Muresk.

3.4.5 Oat agronomy project update – thanks to Georgina Troup, DPIRD

National Hay Agronomy

The National Hay Agronomy project is a four year investment by AgriFutures and the

Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD), South Australian

Research and Development Institute (SARDI), Agriculture Victoria, New South Wales

Department of Primary Industries (NSW DPI) and grower groups. In 2019, trials investigated;

Oaten hay varieties, when sown in early May and early June, under different nutrition strategies

to determine the best-bet agronomy for export fodder growers to meet export oaten hay

quality specifications. Trials located at;

o Hart, SA

o Riverton, SA

o Lameroo, SA

o Muresk, WA

o Kalkee, VIC

o Yanco, NSW

The responsiveness of 6 oat varieties to changes in applied nitrogen. Trials located at;

o Gerogery, NSW

o Marrar, NSW

The effect of fungicides on reducing hay staining/discolouration post-cutting, by monitoring the

presence of saprophytic fungi/biological activity. Trials located at;

o Muresk, WA

o Northam, WA


The impact of disease on hay quality. With septoria the focus in Western Australia, and red

leather leaf the focus in Victoria. Trials located at;

o Northam, WA

o Highbury, WA

o Horsham, VIC

o Elmore, VIC

The National Hay Agronomy research team includes; Courtney Peirce (SARDI), Peter Matthews

(DPI NSW), Mark McLean (AgVIC), Geoff Thomas (DPIRD), Kylie Chambers (DPIRD), and the

team at Birchip Cropping Group. The team are keen to work with exporters and growers – so

keep in touch with your local team member.

The season was challenging at most locations, with some trials requiring irrigation to ensure a

germination was achieved in early May. Hay is currently being processed, with yields and quality

reflective of the limited moisture available in SA, WA, and NSW.

April Sown Oat Agronomy

The oat grain agronomy project is a two year investment by GRDC and the Department of

Primary Industries and Regional Development (DPIRD). The project is evaluating genetic

material (including longer spring and winter types) with a wider array of phenology than

commercially grown and assessing their potential fit within the Western Region oat sowing

window, and assessing if changes to farming systems agronomy (April sowing, nutrition rate and

timing) can combat the screenings risk now present in Oat2 as a result of tightened recieval

specifications (max 15% through a 2.0mm sieve), without adding a grain staining/discolouration

risk.

April vs June oat trial at Nunile, WA


4. New varieties & advanced breeder’s lines

BilbyAAAA – new milling variety

Highlight: Bilby has high grain yield potential. Bilby has high β-glucan content with bright plump grain

and high groat percent leading to higher milling yield for processing.

Bilby is a dwarf, early-mid season potential milling oat. It has excellent grain yield similar to Williams

and Bannister in SA, but with improved grain quality compared to the two varieties. Bilby has low

screenings and high groat percent compared to Williams and Bannister. It has slightly lower hectolitre

weight and slightly higher groat percent compared to Mitika and Bannister. Bilby has high β-glucan

with bright grain. Bilby is moderately susceptible to susceptible to stem rust, resistant to leaf rust,

moderately susceptible to susceptible to barley yellow dwarf, moderately susceptible to bacterial

blight, moderately susceptible to susceptible to septoria, and susceptible to CCN.

Heritage is the commercial partner with the launch of this variety at the Royal Adelaide Show in

September 2019. Seed will be available for the 2020 growing season.

Brochure available at - https://barenbrug.com.au/field-crops/winter-crop-varieties/bilby.htm

Launching Bilby oats at the Royal Adelaide Show in September, 2019


KoorabupAAAA– new hay variety

Highlight: Koorabup has the best septoria resistance of any current hay or milling variety. It has

excellent colour and good stem diameter for hay production.

Koorabup is a mid-tall hay variety with early mid to mid-season maturity. It is similar in height, 2 to 4

days later in maturity and has similar grain yield and stem diameter compared to Yallara. Hay yield is

slightly higher than Carrolup, but lower than Yallara and Brusher. It has improved disease and grain

quality compared to other current hay varieties and combines improved septoria resistance with good

rust and bacterial blight resistances. It has excellent hay colour and hay quality is similar to Wintaroo

across all traits except water soluble carbohydrates which averages slightly lower in Victoria and WA.

Grain quality is similar to Yallara but with a lower groat %. It has low oil and bright grain.

This line is a cross between two WA lines. Commercial seed increases were sown in 2017 and 2018.

Koorabup was launched at the WA Oat Research Field Walk in September 2019.

Launching Koorabup at the WA Oat Research Field Walk in September, 2019


5. Long term grain trial results

Results for individual NVT trials are not presented in this newsletter. However, they are incorporated

into the long term performance of varieties and advanced breeding lines which are presented in this

newsletter in Tables 4 to 8. Grain yield and grain quality information for individual sites is available at

the NVT web site: www.nvtonline.com.au.

Table 4 shows the relative yield performance of new varieties compared to existing varieties for four

different states and Tables 5 to 8 show the relative yield performance of new varieties compared to

existing varieties for regions within states. An updated analysis for grain quality was available for

this newsletter. Tables 9 and 10 show the relative grain quality across all states and Tables 11 to 16

show the relative grain quality parameters by state. Tables 17 to 19 show the relative disease

resistance characteristics for these varieties in different regions. Care needs to be taken to look at

not only grain yield but grain quality and disease resistance characteristics to determine if a variety

is suitable for your region. Please note: Stem and leaf rust reactions reported for all oat varieties

will vary by region due to genetic variation in the pathogen population. A pathotype that

overcomes most resistance genes for stem rust is now present in southern Australia. Hence it is

important to monitor oat crops for early detection of rust, so fungicide applications can be applied

to control the disease.

Brochures are available for new varieties from the website, the SA and WA components of the NOBP

and our commercial partners; AEXCO who commercialises the hay varieties and Seednet and

Heritage who commercialise the milling varieties from the SARDI node of the National Oat Breeding

Program. (Seednet for Bannister and Heritage Seeds for Williams, Durack, Kowari and Bilby).

5.1 Grain Variety Summary

BilbyAAAA (06204-16)

Highlight: Bilby has high grain yield potential. Bilby has high β-glucan content with bright plump grain

and high groat percent leading to higher milling yield for processing.

Bilby is a dwarf, early-mid season potential milling oat. It has excellent grain yield similar to Williams

and Bannister in SA, but with improved grain quality compared to the two varieties. Bilby has low

screenings and high groat percent compared to Williams and Bannister. It has slightly lower hectolitre

weight and slightly higher groat percent compared to Mitika and Bannister. Bilby has high β-glucan

with bright grain. Bilby is moderately susceptible to susceptible to stem rust, resistant to leaf rust,

moderately susceptible to susceptible to barley yellow dwarf, moderately susceptible to bacterial

blight, moderately susceptible to susceptible to septoria, and susceptible to CCN.

Heritage is the commercial partner with the launch of this variety at the Royal Adelaide Show in

September 2019. Seed will be available for the 2020 growing season.

Brochure available at - https://barenbrug.com.au/field-crops/winter-crop-varieties/bilby.htm


KowariAAAA (03198-18)

Kowari, released at the Royal Adelaide Show in 2017, is a new milling oat variety commercialised by

Heritage. It has dwarf stature measuring 65 to 70 cm and is slightly taller than Mitika. It has a maturity

similar to Mitika, 8 to 10 days earlier than Bannister and 3 to 10 days earlier than Williams. Kowari is 4

to 8 days later to head than Durack.

Kowari is a cross between Mitika and WAOAT2099 and was tested as the breeder’s line 03198-18. It

has similar grain yield to Mitika and Kojonup, but lower than Bannister and Williams.

The grain quality is excellent. Kowari has slightly lower hectolitre weight than Mitika, but it has higher

1000 grain weight compared to Mitika. It combines high β-glucan with low screenings. Kowari has high

protein and slightly higher groat percent compared to Mitika. The trait of interest for this variety is

improved β-glucan content. The β-glucan content was measured using the Megazyme method.

Kowari averaged 5.2% (dm basis) compared to 4.7% for Mitika and Kojonup.

https://www.heritageseeds.com.au/field-crops-2/winter-crop-varieties/kowari.htm

DurackAAAA

Durack is a moderately tall variety similar in height to Carrolup and Yallara measuring between 80 and

90 cm. Check out this new variety as it is a minimum of one week earlier than any other variety

released from the program. Durack has good lodging and shattering resistance and good early vigour.

Grain yield is similar to the tall varieties Carrolup and Yallara across all states and an improvement

compared to tall varieties bred for hay. Grain quality for this line is excellent, although it has lower B-

glucan levels compared to Mitika, Williams and Bilby. Hay yield averaged over low, medium, and high

rainfall sites is lower than other longer season varieties. Care will need to be taken to cut this very

early maturing variety at the correct growth stage. Monitoring the crop will be the key to achieving the

highest hay quality.

The 2017 Durack crop will be reassessed for B-glucan content in WA. A decision will be made regarding

potential assignment to WA milling class 1.

Heritage Seeds brochure based on National Oat Breeding Program results available at –

https://www.heritageseeds.com.au/field-crops-2/winter-crop-varieties/durack.htm

BannisterAAAA

Bannister is a tall dwarf milling variety with high grain yield released for Western Australia in 2012.

Bannister is suited to eastern Australia as well as Western Australia. It is adapted to low, medium, and

high rainfall zones of southern Australia. It is 13 cm taller than Mitika and heads about 3 to 4 days

later than Mitika. Seednet is the commercial partner.

Bannister is resistant to leaf rust and moderately resistant to bacterial blight. It is resistant and

intolerant to CCN.

Bannister has slightly lower hectolitre weight and slightly higher screenings compared to Mitika. It is

similar to Mitika for groat percent.


Bannister Fact Sheet based on National Oat Breeding Program results available from Seednet -

http://www.seednet.com.au/documents/Bannister_Factsheet_June_2014.pdf

WilliamsAAAA

Williams is a tall milling variety commercialised by Heritage. Williams formerly known as the breeding

line, WA2332, is an early to midseason variety similar to Yallara, but three to seven days later than

Mitika. Williams is 15 cm taller than Mitika, 5 cm taller than Bannister, and 15 cm shorter than Yallara.

Although classified as MS for septoria, Williams has the highest level of septoria resistance compared

to all other current oat varieties. It is resistant to leaf rust and depending on the stem rust pathotype

present can range from moderately resistant to susceptible. Williams is resistant to bacterial blight and

moderately resistant to moderately susceptible for BYDV. It is susceptible and intolerant to CCN.

Williams has grain yield similar to Bannister except in the lower rainfall regions where it yielded less.

Williams yielded similar to Mitika except in the Mid North where it yielded significantly more grain.

Grain quality is lower than Mitika. Williams has higher screenings than Mitika, Yallara, and Bannister,

especially in the low rainfall regions.

Williams had similar hay yield compared to other hay varieties at Pinery and Turretfield, but lower hay

yield at Riverton. Hay quality is also similar to hay varieties, except for slightly higher crude protein.

Care must be taken to achieve high plant populations to reduce stem thickness.


https://www.heritageseeds.com.au/field-crops-2/winter-crop-varieties/williams.htm

WombatAAAA

Wombat is a dwarf milling variety that was commercialised by Seednet. It is similar in height to

Possum and slightly taller than Mitika. It is a midseason variety flowering about six days later than

Mitika.

Wombat is the first dwarf milling variety with CCN resistance and tolerance. It is also moderately

tolerant to stem nematode.

Wombat has high hectolitre weight and low screenings compared to the feed variety Potoroo, which

was the first dwarf variety with CCN resistance and tolerance. It also has high groat percent, slightly

higher than Mitika.

Wombat Fact Sheet based on National Oat Breeding Program results available from Seednet -

http://www.seednet.com.au/documents/Wombat_Factsheet_Jan_2014.pdf

YallaraAAAA

Yallara is a medium tall early to midseason variety similar to Euro for flowering and maturity. Yallara,

released in 2009, is a milling line with slightly better grain quality than Euro but not as susceptible to


stem rust. It has bright, plump grain suitable for the milling industry and specialised feed end-uses.

Seednet is the commercial partner.

Yallara is a Euro look alike with improved leaf rust resistance. It is resistant but intolerant to CCN. It is

moderately susceptible to BYDV, bacterial blight, and septoria. Yallara is susceptible and intolerant to

stem nematode and susceptible to red leather leaf.

Yallara has excellent grain quality. It has high hectolitre weight, low screenings, and high groat percent.

The grain is plump and bright and could suit niche markets like the horse racing industry in addition to

human consumption. Yallara was evaluated for hay production and hay yield is similar to popular hay

varieties with excellent hay quality.

Yallara Fact Sheet based on National Oat Breeding Program results available from Seednet -

http://www.seednet.com.au/documents/Yallara_Factsheet_Aug_2013.pdf

MitikaAAAA

Mitika is a dwarf milling oat commercialised in 2005 by Heritage Seeds. It is earlier maturing than

Possum and Echidna and this trait favours Mitika in a dry finish.

Mitika is moderately resistant to leaf rust. It has improved resistance to bacterial blight and is superior

to Echidna for septoria resistance. Mitika is similar to Echidna for BYDV and red leather leaf resistance.

It is very susceptible and intolerant to cereal cyst nematode (CCN) and moderately intolerant of stem

nematode (SN) and is not recommended in areas where either of these nematodes are a problem.

Mitika has high hectolitre weight, low screenings, and high groat percent compared to Echidna. It also

has higher levels of β-glucan than current varieties. Mitika also has improved feed quality with low

husk lignin and high grain digestibility.


https://www.heritageseeds.com.au/fieldcrops/varieties/oats/productname.htm


Table 4. Average grain yield (t/ha) in four states and the average for all states for 14 oat varieties (2014 to

2018). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program, NVT Programs in SA, Vic and NSW and CVT Program

in WA. Analysis by Chris Lisle, Bioinformatics and Biometrics for the Australian Grains Industry (BBAGI),

University of Wollongong.

Variety State All

Zones NSW SA VIC WA

Bannister 3.8 3.8 4.3 3.9 3.9

Bilby 3.8 3.8 4.1 3.7 3.8

Carrolup (tall) 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3

Durack (tall) 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.1 3.2

Echidna 3.5 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.6

Kojonup 3.4 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.5

Koorabup (tall) 3.1 3.0 3.3 3.2 3.2

Kowari 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.6

Mitika 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.4

Possum 3.4 3.4 3.7 3.4 3.5

Wandering 3.6 3.5 4.3 3.9 3.8

Williams (tall) 3.7 3.6 4.1 3.9 3.8

Wombat 3.4 3.5 3.9 3.6 3.6

Yallara (tall) 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.2

No. trials 31 41 26 61 159

Table 5. Average grain yield (t/ha) by site in South Australia for 14 oat varieties (2014 to 2018). Data

courtesy National Oat Breeding Program, NVT Programs in SA, Vic and NSW and CVT Program in WA.

Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of Woollongong.

South Australia

Variety Mid

North

Murray

Mallee

South

East

Yorke

Peninsula

Bannister 4.0 2.0 4.0 3.9

Bilby 4.1 2.0 4.0 4.0

Carrolup (tall) 3.2 2.3 3.4 3.1

Durack (tall) 3.4 1.7 3.3 3.0

Echidna 3.8 1.8 3.7 3.8

Kojonup 3.8 1.8 3.6 3.5

Koorabup (tall) 3.2 1.7 3.2 2.6

Kowari 3.8 1.9 3.7 3.7

Mitika 3.7 1.8 3.6 3.6

Possum 3.7 1.6 3.6 3.5

Wandering 3.8 2.1 3.9 3.8

Williams (tall) 3.8 1.4 3.8 3.6

Wombat 3.9 2.0 3.8 3.5

Yallara (tall) 3.8 1.6 3.7 3.6

No. trials 17 4 15 5


Table 6. Average grain yield (t/ha) by site in Victoria for 14 oat varieties and two breeder’s lines (2014 to

2018). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program, NVT Programs in SA, Vic and NSW and CVT Program

in WA. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of Woollongong.

Variety Victoria

North Central North East South West

Bannister 3.6 4.0 5.3

Bilby 3.4 3.8 5.1

Carrolup (tall) 2.6 3.4 4.2

Durack (tall) 2.8 3.3 4.0

Echidna 3.3 3.6 5.0

Kojonup 3.0 3.5 4.7

Koorabup (tall) 2.7 3.3 4.0

Kowari 3.1 3.6 4.7

Mitika 3.0 3.5 4.5

Possum 3.1 3.5 4.6

Wandering 3.5 3.8 5.2

Williams (tall) 3.9 3.9 5.1

Wombat 3.5 3.9 5.0

Yallara (tall) 3.3 3.6 4.9

No. trials 10 7 9

Table 7. Average grain yield (t/ha) by site of New South Wales for 14 oat varieties and two breeder’s lines

(2014 to 2018). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program, NVT Programs in SA, Vic and NSW and CVT

Program in WA. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of Woollongong.

Variety New South Wales

North East South East South West

Bannister 2.9 4.0 3.8

Bilby 2.9 4.0 3.8

Carrolup (tall) 3.0 3.8 3.2

Durack (tall) 3.0 3.5 3.2

Echidna 2.8 3.8 3.4

Kojonup 2.8 3.5 3.4

Koorabup (tall) 3.0 3.3 3.0

Kowari 2.9 3.8 3.6

Mitika 2.9 3.7 3.4

Possum 3.0 3.6 3.4

Wandering 3.0 4.1 3.7

Williams (tall) 3.1 3.7 3.6

Wombat 3.0 3.9 3.7

Yallara (tall) 2.9 3.6 3.4

No. trials 5 15 11


Table 8. Average grain yield (t/ha) by site for Western Australia for 14 oat varieties (2014 to 2018). Data

courtesy National Oat Breeding Program, NVT Programs in SA, Vic and NSW and CVT Program in WA.

Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of Woollongong.

Variety Western Australia

Agzone 2 Agzone 3 Agzone 4 Agzone 5 Agzone 6

Bannister 4.0 4.1 3.4 3.5 4.5

Bilby 3.8 3.7 3.2 3.3 4.3

Carrolup (tall) 3.3 3.5 2.8 2.8 3.4

Durack (tall) 3.2 3.3 2.6 2.6 3.1

Echidna 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.1 4.0

Kojonup 3.5 3.8 2.9 3.0 4.1

Koorabup (tall) 3.2 3.7 2.6 2.7 3.1

Kowari 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.8

Mitika 3.4 3.4 2.9 2.8 3.6

Possum 3.4 3.5 2.9 2.9 3.5

Wandering 3.8 3.9 3.4 3.4 4.2

Williams (tall) 3.9 4.0 3.4 3.3 3.9

Wombat 3.9 4.1 3.1 3.4 4.5

Yallara (tall) 3.6 3.8 3.1 3.1 3.9

No. trials 29 16 4 7 5

Table 9. Average physical and chemical grain quality (measured using NIR) characteristics for 14 oat

varieties (combined SA, WA and NSW data), 2014 to 2018. Data courtesy National Oat Breeding

Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of Woollongong.

Variety Hectolitre

weight

kg/hl

1000 grain

weight

g

Screenings

%<2 mm*

NIR

Protein

%

NIR

Oil

%

NIR

Groat

%

Minolta

L

Bannister 49.1 35.7 7.5 10.7 8.0 72.2 58.7

Bilby 48.6 37.2 6.7 11.7 6.5 73.6 58.3

Carrolup (tall) 50.5 35.0 7.9 11.8 6.5 73.2 58.6

Durack (tall) 51.2 34.7 6.3 12.3 7.2 72.8 61.9

Echidna 47.8 33.2 9.6 10.7 6.8 71.3 62.3

Kojonup (tall) 48.2 35.2 5.6 11.8 6.7 74.0 61.8

Koorabup 51.0 35.1 4.4 10.5 5.2 71.6 63.1

Kowari 48.7 36.1 5.5 12.1 7.3 73.7 61.6

Mitika 49.5 37.1 4.3 11.9 7.3 73.2 63.0

Possum 47.7 35.4 4.9 11.6 6.5 72.3 61.1

Wandering 48.5 36.4 6.4 11.2 7.0 71.6 61.9

Williams (tall) 48.0 34.3 9.4 10.9 7.4 70.8 61.5

Wombat 48.3 33.9 8.4 11.1 7.0 73.3 62.1

Yallara (tall) 49.8 34.9 5.4 10.9 5.8 74.2 60.9

No. trials 41 39 41 41 42 41 40


Table 10. Average hectolitre weight (kg/hl) in three states and the average for all states for 14 oat

varieties (2014 to 2018). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI,

University of Woollongong.

Variety State

NSW SA WA All Zones

Bannister 51.5 48.3 49.0 49.1

Bilby 51.5 48.3 48.0 48.6

Carrolup (tall) 53.8 50.4 49.6 50.5

Durack (tall) 54.4 51.1 50.3 51.2

Echidna 50.0 47.0 47.9 47.8

Kojonup 50.6 47.4 48.1 48.2

Koorabup (tall) 53.6 50.1 51.0 51.0

Kowari 51.4 48.5 48.1 48.7

Mitika 52.2 49.2 48.9 49.5

Possum 50.7 47.5 46.9 47.7

Wandering 50.9 47.8 48.3 48.5

Williams (tall) 50.0 47.0 48.2 48.0

Wombat 51.3 48.0 47.7 48.3

Yallara (tall) 52.8 49.6 49.0 49.8

No. trials 6 17 18 41

Table 11. Average 1000 grain weight (g) in three states and the average for all states for 14 oat varieties

(2014 to 2018). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of

Woollongong.

Variety State

NSW SA WA All zones

Bannister 34.2 32.1 39.9 35.7

Bilby 37.2 35.5 39.0 37.2

Carrolup (tall) 34.4 33.5 36.9 35.0

Durack (tall) 33.7 33.6 36.2 34.7

Echidna 32.0 31.2 35.8 33.2

Kojonup 34.9 33.7 36.9 35.2

Koorabup (tall) 34.6 33.8 36.6 35.1

Kowari 34.8 34.7 38.0 36.1

Mitika 35.7 35.9 38.8 37.1

Possum 33.9 33.6 37.9 35.4

Wandering 35.5 34.0 39.4 36.4

Williams (tall) 33.1 31.0 38.2 34.3

Wombat 33.1 32.9 35.4 33.9

Yallara (tall) 34.1 34.2 35.9 34.9

No. trials 6 17 16 39


Table 12. Average screenings percent (% < 2mm) in three states and an average for all states for 14 oat

varieties (2014 to 2018). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI,


Variety State

NSW SA WA All zones

Bannister 8.4 10.2 4.6 7.5

Bilby 6.4 7.6 5.8 6.7

Carrolup (tall) 8.3 9.7 6.0 7.9

Durack (tall) 6.6 7.3 5.3 6.3

Echidna 10.4 12.8 6.3 9.6

Kojonup 5.6 6.9 4.3 5.6

Koorabup (tall) 5.6 4.8 3.5 4.4

Kowari 5.5 6.9 4.2 5.5

Mitika 4.6 5.3 3.3 4.3

Possum 5.4 5.8 4.0 4.9

Wandering 5.9 8.4 4.8 6.4

Williams (tall) 9.1 13.2 5.9 9.4

Wombat 9.2 9.5 7.1 8.4

Yallara (tall) 6.5 5.6 4.7 5.4

No. trials 6 17 18 41

Table 13. Average NIR protein (% dm) in four states and the average for all states for 14 oat varieties

(2014 to 2018). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of

Woollongong.

Variety State

NSW SA WA All Zones

Bannister 11.4 11.3 10.0 10.7

Bilby 12.8 12.3 10.9 11.7

Carrolup (tall) 12.9 12.5 10.8 11.8

Durack (tall) 13.6 12.7 11.5 12.3

Echidna 11.4 11.4 9.9 10.7

Kojonup 12.8 12.5 10.8 11.8

Koorabup (tall) 11.2 11.2 9.8 10.5

Kowari 13.3 12.6 11.3 12.1

Mitika 13.0 12.5 11.1 11.9

Possum 12.6 12.3 10.7 11.6

Wandering 11.9 11.9 10.3 11.2

Williams (tall) 11.7 11.6 10.2 10.9

Wombat 11.9 11.9 10.2 11.1

Yallara (tall) 11.6 11.4 10.2 10.9

No. trials 6 16 19 41


Table 14. Average NIR oil (% dm) in four states and the average for all states for 14 oat varieties

(2014 to 2018). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI,


Variety State

NSW SA WA All Zones

Bannister 8.4 7.6 8.3 8.0

Bilby 6.7 6.4 6.7 6.5

Carrolup (tall) 6.6 6.3 6.7 6.5

Durack (tall) 7.5 7.0 7.2 7.2

Echidna 7.0 6.7 6.8 6.8

Kojonup 6.8 6.5 6.9 6.7

Koorabup (tall) 4.9 5.0 5.3 5.2

Kowari 7.6 7.0 7.4 7.3

Mitika 7.6 7.0 7.4 7.3

Possum 6.7 6.4 6.6 6.5

Wandering 7.3 6.8 7.2 7.0

Williams (tall) 7.8 7.3 7.4 7.4

Wombat 7.3 6.9 7.1 7.0

Yallara (tall) 5.7 5.6 6.0 5.8

No. trials 6 17 19 42

Table 15. Average NIR groat percent in four states and the average for all states for 14 oat varieties (2014

to 2018). Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of

Woollongong.

Variety State

NSW SA WA All Zones

Bannister 74.7 71.2 72.1 72.2

Bilby 76.4 73.4 72.9 73.6

Carrolup (tall) 75.9 73.2 72.3 73.2

Durack (tall) 75.3 72.8 72.0 72.8

Echidna 73.8 70.7 71.0 71.3

Kojonup 77.0 73.9 73.2 74.0

Koorabup (tall) 74.6 71.8 70.4 71.6

Kowari 76.2 73.6 72.9 73.7

Mitika 75.7 73.1 72.6 73.2

Possum 74.8 73.0 71.0 72.3

Wandering 74.4 71.0 71.3 71.6

Williams (tall) 73.1 70.0 70.7 70.8

Wombat 76.0 73.4 72.3 73.3

Yallara (tall) 77.2 75.0 72.7 74.2

No. trials 6 16 19 41


Table 16. NIR measured Minolta L (2014-2018) and hull lignin characteristics for 14 oat varieties. Data

courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of Woollongong.

Variety State Hull lignin

NSW SA WA All zones

Bannister 57.6 59.4 58.4 58.7 High

Bilby 57.3 59.1 57.9 58.3 High

Carrolup (tall) 57.6 59.4 58.3 58.6 High

Durack (tall) 60.6 62.5 61.8 61.9 High

Echidna 61.0 62.9 62.2 62.3 High

Kojonup 60.6 62.4 61.6 61.8 High

Koorabup (tall) 61.8 63.7 63.1 63.1 High

Kowari 60.4 62.3 61.4 61.6 Low

Mitika 61.7 63.6 62.9 63.0 Low

Possum 60.0 61.8 60.8 61.1 High

Wandering 60.9 62.3 61.8 61.9 High

Williams (tall) 60.5 62.1 61.3 61.5 High

Wombat 61.0 62.9 61.7 62.1 High

Yallara (tall) 59.8 61.6 60.7 60.9 Mod high

No. trials 6 16 18 40 -

Table 17. Stem rust and leaf rust reactions for 14 grain varieties in South Australia and Victoria and

in New South Wales.

SA and Victoria New South Wales

Variety Stem rust1 Leaf rust1 Stem rust1 Leaf rust1

Field Field Field Field

Bannister MR-S R MS-S MR-S

Bilby S R - -

Carrolup (tall) S VS S S-VS

Durack (tall) S R-S R-S MR-MS

Echidna S S S S

Kojonup S VS S MS-VS

Koorabup (tall) R-S MS-S - -

Kowari MR-S R MR-S MS-S

Mitika MR-S MS S MS-S

Possum MS-S MS MR-S MR

Wandering S VS S VS

Williams (tall) MR-S R MR MR

Wombat MS-S MS MS-S MS-S

Yallara (tall) MR-S R MR-MS MS-S 1 Disease reactions from field trials conducted in SA, Victoria and New South Wales where R= resistant, MR=moderately

resistant, MS=moderately susceptible, S= susceptible, VS=very susceptible. Rust reactions may vary in different regions

depending on the prevailing pathotypes. None of these varieties are resistant to the Pga virulent pathotype of stem rust

which can be found in New South Wales, Victoria and parts of South Australia.


Table 18. Stem rust, leaf rust, BYDV and septoria reactions for 14 grain varieties in Western

Australia.

Western Australia

Variety Stem rust1 Leaf rust1 BYDV2 Septoria1

Field Field Field Field

Bannister R-MS R MR-MS S

Bilby MS-VS R MR-MS S

Carrolup (tall) MS-S S-VS MS-S S-VS

Durack (tall) MS R-S MS-S S-VS

Echidna S S MS S-VS

Kojonup MS-S S-VS MS S-VS

Koorabup (tall) R-MS R-MR MS MR-MS

Kowari MR-MS R MS S-VS

Mitika MR-MS MR S S-VS

Possum MR-S MR MS-S S-VS

Wandering MS-VS VS MS S-VS

Williams (tall) MR R-MR MR-MS MR-MS

Wombat MR-MS S MS S

Yallara (tall) MR-MS R-MS MS S 1 Disease reactions from field trials conducted in WA where R= resistant, MR=moderately resistant, MS=moderately susceptible,

S= susceptible, VS=very susceptible. Rust reactions may vary in different regions depending on the prevailing pathotypes.

Table 19. Septoria, bacterial blight, CCN, stem nematode and red leather leaf (spermospora) disease

reactions for 14 grain varieties grown in South Australia and Victoria.

Variety Septoria1 Bacterial

blight1

Red

leather

leaf1

CCN

R1

CCN

T2

Stem

Nematode2

Bannister - MR-S MS R MI MI

Bilby - MS - S - -

Carrolup (tall) MR MR-S S S I VI

Dunnart MS MR-S MS R MT MT

Durack (tall) MS MR-S MS R MI-MT I

Echidna S S MS S I MT

Kojonup MR MS-S MS VS I MI

Koorabup (tall) - MR - S - MI

Kowari S MR S VS I I

Mitika S MR MS-S VS I I

Possum S S MS VS I I

Wandering S MR-S MS VS I I

Williams (tall) - R MS S I I

Wombat MS MS MS R MT MT

Yallara (tall) MS MR-MS MS R I I 1 Disease reactions where R= resistant, MR=moderately resistant, MS=moderately susceptible, S= susceptible, VS=very

susceptible, 2 T=tolerant, MT= moderately tolerant, MI=moderately intolerant, I=intolerant


6. Long term hay trial results Tables 20 to 27 show the long term hay yield, grain yield and hay quality of varieties in the hay

series. Tables 28 and 29 show the disease reactions of current and new hay varieties in SA, Victoria

and WA. Please note: Stem and leaf rust reactions reported for all oat varieties will vary by region

due to genetic variation in the pathogen population. A pathotype that overcomes most resistance

genes for stem rust is now present in southern Australia. Hence it is important to monitor oat crops

for early detection of rust, so fungicide applications can be applied to control the diseases. Grain

quality data is a simple mean for the five year period 2010-2014. Table 30 to 32 show grain quality

for hay varieties.

The Breeding Program sincerely thanks AEXCO for their support of our breeding program.

6.1 Hay Variety Summary

KoorabupAAAA

Highlight: Koorabup has the best septoria resistance of any current hay or milling variety. It has

excellent colour and good stem diameter for hay production.

Koorabup is a mid-tall hay variety with early mid to mid-season maturity. It is similar in height, 2 to 4

days later in maturity and has similar grain yield and stem diameter compared to Yallara. Hay yield is

slightly higher than Carrolup, but lower than Yallara and Brusher. It has improved disease and grain

quality compared to other current hay varieties and combines improved septoria resistance with good

rust and bacterial blight resistances. It has excellent hay colour and hay quality is similar to Wintaroo

across all traits except water soluble carbohydrates which averages slightly lower in Victoria and WA.

Grain quality is similar to Yallara but with a lower groat %. It has low oil and bright grain.

This line is a cross between two WA lines. Commercial seed increases were sown in 2017 and 2018.

Koorabup was launched at the WA Oat Research Field Walk in September 2019.

ForesterAAAA

Forester is a very late hay variety adapted to high rainfall and irrigated cropping regions that was

released in 2012. It is seven to 10 days later than Glider, three days later than Riel, two days later

than Targa, and three weeks later than Wintaroo. Forester has excellent early vigour and is an

improvement compared to Glider. It has excellent lodging and shattering resistance.

Forester has an excellent foliar disease resistance spectrum. It is moderately susceptible to CCN. It

has good hay colour, but like all late hay varieties may not resist hot dry winds as well as earlier

varieties. Forester has excellent hay quality and is an improvement compared to Glider, Tammar,

Targa, and Vasse, but similar to Riel.

Seed of Forester is available from AGF Seeds, Smeaton, Victoria.

TammarAAAA


Tammar is a medium tall late variety that was released in 2012 and commercialised by AEXCO. It is

four to seven days later than Tungoo to cut. Tammar also has an excellent disease resistance

profile. It is moderately resistant to stem and leaf rust, septoria, BYDV, and bacterial blight.

Tammar is the first late variety available with resistance to CCN and SN, tolerance to CCN, and

moderate tolerance to SN.

Tammar has improved hay quality compared to Kangaroo. It has high crude protein and hay

digestibility with lower WSC than Mulgara and Brusher, but higher than Kangaroo.

MulgaraAAAA

Mulgara was released in 2009 and commercialised by AEXCO. It is a tall mid season variety with

excellent early vigour and good straw strength. Hay yield is lower than Wintaroo, but hay quality is

better than Wintaroo. Mulgara also retains good hay colour and resists brown leaf tipping. Grain

yield is similar to Wintaroo, but Mulgara has slightly better grain quality with the exception of high

hull lignin. The seed size of Mulgara is larger than other hay varieties and similar to Swan. Care

should be taken to sow this variety at the correct seed density taking into account its seed weight.

Mulgara has excellent disease resistance. It is resistant and tolerant to CCN and SN. Compared to

Wintaroo, Mulgara has improved leaf rust, bacterial blight, and red leather leaf resistance.

TungooAAAA

Tungoo was released in 2010. It is a medium tall mid to late season variety and seed is available

through AEXCO. Tungoo has an excellent disease resistance profile. It combines resistance and

moderate tolerance to CCN and SN. It also is resistant to leaf rust and the only variety with red leather

leaf resistance. Tungoo is moderately resistant to BYDV, septoria, and bacterial blight and moderately

susceptible to stem rust. It has the best combination of disease resistance compared to all other

varieties except Tammar.

Hay yield is slightly lower than Kangaroo, but Tungoo’s hay quality is an improvement compared to

Kangaroo. Tungoo has grain quality similar to Kangaroo, but the grain size is smaller resulting in higher

screenings. Tungoo has low hull lignin which improves feed grain quality.

BrusherAAAA

Brusher is an early-mid season hay variety commercialised by AEXCO. Brusher is a tall line about

three to seven days earlier to head than Wintaroo. It has good early vigour, but slightly less than

Wintaroo. Brusher has excellent hay yield in low to medium rainfall zones and has consistently had

excellent hay quality to match the yield. Brusher is an improvement compared to Wintaroo for hay

quality, stem rust, leaf rust, bacterial blight and septoria resistance. It is resistant but moderately

intolerant to CCN and stem nematode. Brusher has proved to be a popular variety in the earlier

regions of SA, WA, and VIC.

YallaraAAAA and DurackAAAA

See section 5.1


Table 20. Average hay yield (t/ha) for 18 oat varieties in three states during the period 2014 to 2018.

Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of Woollongong.

Variety New South

Wales

South

Australia

Victoria Western

Australia

All States

Early – Mid Season Varieties

Bannister 8.9 11.9 8.2 7.0 9.1

Brusher 8.9 12.0 8.3 7.3 9.3

Carrolup 9.1 11.4 8.5 6.6 9.0

Durack 9.0 11.7 7.7 6.2 8.7

Koorabup 8.5 11.3 8.1 6.7 8.8

Mulgara 8.9 11.8 8.3 6.9 9.1

Swan 8.9 12.3 7.6 7.4 9.3

Wallaroo 9.0 11.8 8.2 7.1 9.1

Wandering 8.9 11.8 8.1 7.0 9.1

Williams 8.9 11.4 8.5 6.7 9.0

Winjardie 8.9 12.1 9.4 7.3 9.6

Wintaroo 9.2 12.3 8.8 7.5 9.6

Yallara 9.1 12.4 8.5 7.1 9.4

Mid-Late to Very Late Varieties

Eurabbie 8.4 11.1 8.2 6.5 8.7

Forester 8.8 11.5 9.6 6.9 9.3

Kangaroo 9.0 12.1 8.1 7.1 9.2

Tammar 8.6 11.3 8.1 6.4 8.7

Tungoo 8.9 11.8 8.9 7.1 9.3

No. sites 4 12 9 11 36


Table 21. Average grain yield (t/ha) from hay trials for 18 oat varieties in three states during the period

2014 to 2018. Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of

Woollongong.

Variety South

Australia

Victoria Western

Australia

All States


Bannister 4.0 4.0 4.5 4.0

Brusher 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.7

Carrolup 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.4

Durack 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.3

Koorabup 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.4

Mulgara 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.2

Swan 2.9 2.6 2.9 2.8

Wallaroo 3.1 2.8 3.1 2.9

Wandering 4.0 3.9 4.6 4.0

Williams 3.9 3.9 4.3 4.0

Winjardie 3.4 3.1 3.6 3.4

Wintaroo 3.2 2.9 3.3 3.2

Yallara 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.4


Eurabbie 3.5 3.5 3.9 3.6

Forester 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.4

Kangaroo 3.3 3.1 3.7 3.5

Tammar 3.0 2.9 3.1 3.0

Tungoo 2.8 2.8 2.9 2.8

No. sites 42 42 32 69


Table 22. Average hay quality for 18 oat varieties for trials conducted in three states during the period

2014 to 2018. Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of

Woollongong.

Variety Digestibility

(%dm)

WSC*

(%dm)

ADF*

(%dm)

NDF*

(%dm)

Crude Protein

(%dm)


Bannister 66.9 26.7 27.9 48.5 8.1

Brusher 65.1 26.7 29.0 49.3 7.4

Carrolup 63.4 25.7 29.7 49.8 7.6

Durack 63.2 24.8 29.7 50.0 7.7

Koorabup 63.9 24.7 30.0 51.2 7.6

Mulgara 65.3 26.4 29.3 49.4 7.6

Swan 64.2 25.7 29.6 50.9 7.5

Wallaroo 64.5 25.5 29.4 50.5 7.5

Wandering 65.8 25.9 28.6 48.8 7.9

Williams 64.0 24.1 29.5 50.1 8.3

Winjardie 64.9 25.2 29.4 50.4 7.6

Wintaroo 64.5 25.0 29.8 50.7 7.3

Yallara 65.0 27.1 28.9 48.6 7.5


Eurabbie 68.9 28.7 26.9 48.6 8.0

Forester 68.1 29.2 28.1 47.8 7.8

Kangaroo 63.3 24.3 30.4 54.1 7.7

Tammar 65.1 25.0 29.5 52.2 8.0

Tungoo 65.5 25.8 28.9 50.9 7.8

No. sites 35 36 36 37 34

*WSC=water soluble carbohydrates, ADF=acid detergent fibre, NDF=neutral detergent fibre


Table 23. Average hay digestibility (%dm) for 18 oat varieties in different states during the period 2014 to

2018. Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of

Woollongong.

Variety NSW South

Australia

Victoria Western

Australia

All States


Bannister 63.4 66.0 68.5 69.3 66.9

Brusher 61.1 64.3 66.7 67.6 65.1

Carrolup 58.9 62.6 64.9 66.3 63.4

Durack 58.8 62.4 64.8 66.2 63.2

Koorabup 59.8 63.3 65.4 66.1 63.9

Mulgara 61.6 64.5 66.9 67.7 65.3

Swan 60.1 63.6 65.7 66.3 64.2

Wallaroo 60.8 64.0 66.0 66.4 64.5

Wandering 61.6 64.7 67.4 68.9 65.8

Williams 59.8 63.1 65.5 66.7 64.0

Winjardie 60.8 64.3 66.4 67.0 64.9

Wintaroo 60.2 64.0 66.0 66.8 64.5

Yallara 61.5 64.0 66.6 67.5 65.0


Eurabbie 65.7 68.2 70.5 70.6 68.9

Forester 65.4 67.8 69.7 68.9 68.1

Kangaroo 58.9 62.5 64.8 66.0 63.3

Tammar 61.3 64.4 66.7 67.4 65.1

Tungoo 61.8 65.1 67.0 67.1 65.5

No. sites 5 14 9 7 35


Table 24. Average hay water soluble carbohydrates (% dm) for 18 oat varieties in different states during

the period 2014 to 2018. Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI,


Variety NSW South

Australia

Victoria Western

Australia

All States


Bannister 22.6 24.2 26.5 32.5 26.7

Brusher 22.6 23.7 26.9 32.9 26.7

Carrolup 21.3 22.7 26.1 31.9 25.7

Durack 20.2 22.9 24.2 30.2 24.8

Koorabup 20.0 22.8 24.8 29.5 24.7

Mulgara 22.2 23.9 26.7 32.0 26.4

Swan 21.3 23.5 25.8 30.8 25.7

Wallaroo 21.0 23.1 25.7 30.9 25.5

Wandering 21.6 22.4 25.8 33.3 25.9

Williams 19.4 21.5 23.6 30.7 24.1

Winjardie 20.8 22.7 25.0 31.3 25.2

Wintaroo 20.4 22.5 25.3 30.6 25.0

Yallara 22.9 24.6 28.1 32.0 27.1


Eurabbie 25.3 25.9 28.2 34.9 28.7

Forester 25.7 26.5 30.1 34.2 29.2

Kangaroo 19.6 21.8 24.6 30.1 24.3

Tammar 20.4 22.5 25.4 30.7 25.0

Tungoo 21.6 23.7 25.2 31.5 25.8

No. sites 4 14 9 9 36


Table 25. Average hay ADF (% dm) for 18 oat varieties in different states during the period 2014 to

2018. Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of

Woollongong.

Variety NSW South

Australia

Victoria Western

Australia

All States


Bannister 30.1 28.1 26.8 27.5 27.9

Brusher 31.9 29.3 27.8 28.2 29.0

Carrolup 32.4 29.8 28.5 29.2 29.7

Durack 32.5 30.0 28.5 29.0 29.7

Koorabup 32.9 30.1 28.7 29.3 30.0

Mulgara 32.2 29.7 28.0 28.3 29.3

Swan 32.3 29.6 28.5 29.4 29.6

Wallaroo 32.0 29.4 28.3 29.1 29.4

Wandering 31.4 28.9 27.3 27.5 28.6

Williams 32.0 29.6 28.3 29.0 29.5

Winjardie 32.2 29.5 28.3 28.9 29.4

Wintaroo 32.9 29.7 28.6 29.3 29.8

Yallara 31.0 29.1 27.7 28.5 28.9


Eurabbie 29.1 26.9 25.9 26.7 26.9

Forester 30.3 28.0 27.1 28.2 28.1

Kangaroo 33.6 30.7 29.2 29.5 30.4

Tammar 32.3 29.6 28.4 29.0 29.5

Tungoo 31.6 28.9 27.8 28.5 28.9

No. sites 5 14 9 8 36


Table 26. Average hay NDF (% dm) for 18 oat varieties in different states and one breeder’s line during

the period 2014 to 2018. Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by Chris Lisle, BBAGI,


Variety NSW South

Australia

Victoria Western

Australia

All States


Bannister 55.0 51.8 48.9 48.5 50.7

Brusher 55.8 52.5 49.5 49.3 51.4

Carrolup 56.1 52.7 49.7 49.8 51.7

Durack 56.6 53.2 50.2 50.0 52.2

Koorabup 57.7 54.1 50.9 51.2 53.1

Mulgara 55.9 52.6 49.6 49.4 51.6

Swan 57.1 53.6 50.4 50.9 52.6

Wallaroo 56.6 53.2 50.0 50.5 52.2

Wandering 55.6 52.4 49.5 48.8 51.2

Williams 57.1 53.7 50.7 50.1 52.6

Winjardie 57.2 53.7 50.6 50.4 52.6

Wintaroo 57.3 53.8 50.5 50.7 52.7

Yallara 54.5 51.4 48.5 48.6 50.4


Eurabbie 52.6 49.7 46.6 46.6 48.6

Forester 51.5 48.7 45.5 46.7 47.8

Kangaroo 58.8 55.1 52.0 51.9 54.1

Tammar 56.6 53.2 50.0 50.4 52.2

Tungoo 55.1 51.8 48.6 49.4 50.9

No. sites 5 14 9 9 37


Table 27. Average hay crude protein (% dm) for 18 oat varieties and one breeder’s line in different

states during the period 2014 to 2018. Data courtesy National Oat Breeding Program. Analysis by

Chris Lisle, BBAGI, University of Woollongong.

Variety NSW South

Australia

Victoria Western

Australia

All States


Bannister 9.1 7.9 8.5 7.2 8.1

Brusher 7.8 7.4 8.1 6.8 7.4

Carrolup 8.4 7.6 8.1 6.8 7.6

Durack 8.3 7.9 7.8 7.1 7.7

Koorabup 8.0 7.6 8.2 6.8 7.6

Mulgara 8.2 7.5 8.2 6.8 7.6

Swan 8.2 7.5 8.0 6.7 7.5

Wallaroo 8.0 7.5 7.9 6.9 7.5

Wandering 8.7 7.9 8.3 7.2 7.9

Williams 9.0 8.4 8.7 7.5 8.3

Winjardie 8.3 7.6 8.0 6.7 7.6

Wintaroo 8.4 7.2 8.1 6.2 7.3

Yallara 8.5 7.5 7.8 6.7 7.5


Eurabbie 9.0 7.9 8.5 7.0 8.0

Forester 8.2 7.9 8.4 6.9 7.8

Kangaroo 8.4 7.7 8.2 6.9 7.7

Tammar 8.6 7.9 8.6 7.2 8.0

Tungoo 8.7 7.8 8.4 7.0 7.8

No. sites 5 12 8 9 34


Table 28. Disease reactions in SA and Victoria and comparative stem diameter for current hay varieties.

DISEASE PROFILE

Variety Stem rust1

Leaf rust1

BYDV1

Septoria1

Bacterial

blight1

CCN

R1

CCN

T2

SN

R1

SN

T2

Red leather

leaf1

Stem

diameter3

Bannister MR-S R MS - MR-S R MI - MI MS M

Brusher MS-S MR-MS MS MS MR-MS R MI MS I MS M

Durack S R-S MS MS MR-S R MI/MT - I MS M

Forester R-S MR-MS MR-S MR MS-S MS MI S I R-MR MT

Kangaroo MS-S MS MR-S MR-MS MR-MS R MT MS MI MS MF

Koorabup R-S MS-S MS-S MR MR S - - MI MS MF

Mulgara MS-S MR MS MS MR R MT R MT MS M

Tammar MR-S MR MS MR MR MR MT R MT R-MS MF

Tungoo MS-S MR MR-MS MR MR R MT R MT R M

Wallaroo S S MS S S R MT MS MI MS F

Wandering MR-S VS MR-MS S-VS MR-S VS I VS I MS M

Williams MR-S R MR-MS - R S I - I MS MT

Wintaroo S MS-S MS MR-MS MR R MT MR MT MS M

Yallara MR-S R MS MS MR-MS R I S I MS MF1

Disease reactions where R= resistant, MR=moderately resistant, MS=moderately susceptible, S= susceptible, VS=very susceptible 2

T=tolerant, MT= moderately tolerant, MI=moderately intolerant, I=intolerant 3

F=fine, MF=moderately fine, MT=moderately thick, T=thick, VT=very thick

Note: Stem rust, leaf rust, BYDV & Septoria reactions are from WA trials, Bacterial blight, CCN & red leather leaf reactions are from SA trials

(Rust and BYDV reactions may vary in different regions and with different seasonal conditions depending on the

prevalent pathotype/serotype. Monitoring your oat crop is therefore essential.)

Table 29. Disease reactions in WA and comparative stem diameter.

DISEASE PROFILE

Variety Stem rust1

Leaf rust1

BYDV1 Septoria1Bacterial

blight1

CCN

R1

CCN

T2

Red leather

leaf1

Stem

diameter3

Brusher MR-S R-MS MR-MS S-VS MR-MS R MI MS M

Carrolup MS S-VS MS-S S-VS MR-S S I S M

Durack MS R-S MS-S S-VS MR-S R MI/MT MS M

Forester R-MS R-MS MS MS-S MS-S MS MI R-MR MT

Kangaroo R-S MS-S MR-S MS-S MR-MS R MT MS MF

Koorabup R-MS R-MR MS MR-MS MR S - MS MF

Mulgara MR-MS MR MS-S MR-S MR R MT MS M

Tammar R-MR R-MR MS-S MS MR MR MT R-MS MF

Tungoo MR-S R-MS MR-MS MS-S MR R MT R M

Wallaroo MS-S VS MS S-VS S R MT MS F

Wandering MR VS MS-S S-VS MR-S VS I MS M

Williams MR R-MR MR-MS MR-MS R S I MS MT

Winjardie MR-S S-VS MS-S S-VS S S I MS M

Wintaroo MR S-VS MS MS-S MR R MT MS M

Yallara MR-MS R-MS MS S MR-MS R I MS MF1

Disease reactions where R= resistant, MR=moderately resistant, MS=moderately susceptible, S= susceptible, VS=very susceptible 2

T=tolerant, MT= moderately tolerant, MI=moderately intolerant, I=intolerant 3

F=fine, MF=moderately fine, MT=moderately thick, T=thick, VT=very thick

Note: Stem rust, leaf rust, BYDV & Septoria reactions are from WA trials, Bacterial blight, CCN & red leather leaf reactions are from SA trials

(Rust and BYDV reactions may vary in different regions and with different seasonal conditions depending on the

prevalent pathotype/serotype. Monitoring your oat crop is therefore essential.)


Table 30. Average physical grain quality characteristics for 18 hay oat varieties and one breeder’s

line (combined SA, Victoria, NSW and WA data), 2014 to 2018. Data are unanalysed means from hay

trials with two replicates per trial tested courtesy National Oat Breeding Program.

Variety Hectolitre

weight kg/hl

1000 grain

weight g

Screenings

%<2 mm

No.

obs.


Bannister 50.4 34.1 8.3 75

Brusher 46.4 33.6 9.4 115

Carrolup 51.4 33.3 10.9 116

Durack 52.5 34.2 6.6 60

Koorabup 51.5 32.3 6.5 114

Mulgara 47.6 35.1 8.7 114

Swan 48.4 37.2 9.3 86

Wallaroo 47.5 34.5 13.5 81

Wandering 49.0 33.7 9.3 83

Williams 48.6 31.4 13.7 114

Winjardie 45.5 32.7 14.5 84

Wintaroo 47.7 34.0 12.5 114

Yallara 51.2 32.9 7.7 114


Eurabbie 45.7 29.7 12.7 149

Forester 44.6 32.1 7.6 42

Kangaroo 46.0 33.6 10.3 41

Tammar 45.7 30.3 17.8 42

Tungoo 48.4 30.0 11.4 48


Table 31. Average chemical grain quality (measured using NIR) characteristics for 18 hay oat

varieties and one breeder’s line (combined SA, Victoria, NSW and WA data), 2014 to 2018. Data are

unanalysed means from hay trials with two replicates per trial tested courtesy National Oat Breeding

Program.

Variety NIR Protein

%

NIR

Oil %

NIR

Groat % No. obs.


Bannister 11.4 8.3 73.6 75

Brusher 12.7 6.8 73.2 115

Carrolup 13.0 6.3 74.0 116

Durack 13.5 7.0 74.3 60

Koorabup 11.7 4.8 72.9 114

Mulgara 13.7 6.8 74.1 114

Swan 11.4 6.7 71.8 86

Wallaroo 12.0 7.6 72.1 81

Wandering 12.1 7.0 71.9 83

Williams 11.9 7.4 71.0 114

Winjardie 10.9 5.8 71.7 84

Wintaroo 12.7 7.3 72.3 114

Yallara 12.1 5.8 75.5 114


Eurabbie 12.2 6.0 69.9 149

Forester 12.6 6.0 69.5 42

Kangaroo 12.1 6.3 72.7 41

Tammar 13.4 6.8 73.5 42

Tungoo 13.3 6.8 72.3 48


Table 32. NIR measured Minolta L, estimated metabolisable energy and hull lignin (2014-2018)

characteristics for 18 hay oat varieties and one breeder’s line (combined SA, Victoria, WA and NSW

data). Data are unanalysed means from hay trials with two replicates per trial tested courtesy

National Oat Breeding Program.

Variety Minolta L Estimated ME

MJ/kg dm

Hull lignin No.

obs.


Bannister 61.2 12.0 9.9 (High) 75

Brusher 60.2 12.5 4.7 (Low) 115

Carrolup 62.2 11.7 10.9 (High) 116

Durack 61.1 11.9 10.5 (High) 60

Koorabup 63.3 11.8 9.6 (High) 114

Mulgara 62.8 12.2 8.3 (High) 114

Swan 59.5 12.4 4.3 (Low) 86

Wallaroo 59.6 12.5 5.0 (Low) 81

Wandering 63.3 11.7 10.7 (High) 83

Williams 63.0 11.6 11.5 (High) 114

Winjardie 60.6 12.4 3.5 (Low) 84

Wintaroo 60.6 12.6 4.8 (Low) 114

Yallara 63.8 11.8 10.8 (High) 114


Eurabbie 60.1 12.2 4.4 (Low) 149

Forester 62.3 11.8 7.9 (High) 42

Kangaroo 61.4 11.6 11.0 (High) 41

Tammar 60.0 12.3 5.8 (Low) 42

Tungoo 61.2 12.5 5.2 (Low) 48

Documents

SARDI Oat Newsletter 2019 · 2019-11-21 · Oat Breeding Newsletter, November, 2019 Page 5 1. Entries for 2019 Grain Trials 1.1 NVT and Stage 4 Grain Trials New in 2019 • NVT sites