SAP2000 v11

STATICS, DYNAMICS and EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS and DESIGN SOFTWARE for STRUCTURES and BRIDGES

Windows 2000/XP

SAP2000 v11 in Detail The SAP name has been synonymous with state-of-the-art analytical methods since its introduction over 30 years ago. SAP2000 follows in the same tradition featuring a very sophisticated, intuitive and versatile user interface powered by an unmatched analysis engine and design tools for engineers working on transportation, industrial, public works, sports, and other facilities. From its 3D object based graphical modeling environment to the wide variety of analysis and design options completely integrated across one powerful user interface, SAP2000 has proven to be the most integrated, productive and practical general purpose structural program on the market today. This intuitive interface allows you to create structural models rapidly and intuitively without long learning curve delays. Now you can harness the power of SAP2000 for all of your analysis and design tasks, including small day-to-day problems. Complex Models can be generated and meshed with powerful Templates built into the interface.

The Advanced Analytical Techniques allow for Step-by-Step Large Deformation Analysis, Multiple P-Delta, Eigen and Ritz Analyses, Cable Analysis, Tension or Compression Only Analysis, Buckling Analysis, Blast Analysis, Fast Nonlinear Analysis for Dampers, Base Isolators and Support Plasticity, Energy Methods for Drift Control and Segmental Construction Analysis. Bridge Designers can use SAP2000 Bridge Templates for generating Bridge Models, Automated Bridge Live Load Analysis and Design, Bridge Base Isolation, Bridge Construction Sequence Analysis, Large Deformation Cable Supported Bridge Analysis and Pushover Analysis. SAP2000 is for everyone! SAP2000 is for every project! From a simple small 2D static frame analysis to a large complex 3D nonlinear dynamic analysis, SAP2000 is the answer to all structural analysis and design needs.

SAP2000 is available in three different levels: Basic (B), Plus (P) and Advanced (A). Different add-on modules are also available: Bridge (BR), Offshore/wave (OS), Staged Construction (SC). A letter in parenthesis following a feature identifies the version(s) that are associated with it.

SAP2000 ANALYSIS • Static Analysis with Frame and Shell Objects (A, P, B) • Response Spectrum Analysis with Eigen or Ritz Vectors (A, P, B) • P-Delta Analysis (A, P, B) • Joint Constraints including Rigid Bodies & Diaphragms (A, P, B) • Applied Force and Displacement Loading (A, P, B) • Gravity, Pressure and Thermal Loading (A, P, B) • Layered Shell Element (A, P, B) • Post Tensioning in Frame, Area and Solid Objects (A, P, B) • Relaxation & Anchorage Slip Losses in Tendons (A, SC) • Plane, Asolid and Solid Objects (A, P) • Time History Analysis, including Multiple Base Excitation (A, P) • Frequency Domain Analysis – Power Spectral Density (A, P) • Moving Loads (A, P, BR) • Time Dependent Concrete Creep & Shrinkage Effects (A, SC) • Frame Hinges for Axial, Flexural, Shear & Torsional Behavior (A) • Nonlinear Static Pushover Analysis (A) • Viscous Dampers (A) • Fiber Hinges (A) • Base Isolators (A) • Gap Object for Structural Pounding (A) • Time History with Wilson FNA or Direct Integration Methods (A) • Dynamic Effects of Moving Loads (A, P, BR) • Segmental Construction Analysis (A, SC) • API Simplified Fatigue Analysis (A, OS)

BUCKLING • Buckling Analysis Around Any Nonlinear State (A) • Element-Based P-Delta Effects for Local Buckling Instabilities (A)

LARGE DISPLACEMENTS • Large Displacement/Small Strain Analysis (A) • Nonlinear Large Rotations Cable Analysis (A)

FREQUENCY DOMAIN • Steady State Analysis (A, P) • Power Spectral Density (PSD) Analysis (A, P) • Frequency Dependent Properties for Links/Supports (A, P)

NONLINEAR MATERIAL BEHAVIOR • Pushover Analysis Using Fiber Models (A) • Viscous Damper with Nonlinear Exponent on Velocity Term (A) • Base Isolator with Biaxial Plasticity Behavior (A) • Hinges offer P-M-M Interaction with Moment-Curvature (A) • Section Designer – Mander Model for Confined Concrete (A) • Pivot-Hysteresis and Takeda Models for Plastic Link Behavior (A) • Double-Acting Friction Pendulum Isolators (A)

Numerous enhancements have been made in the analysis to increase efficiency and minimize memory usage. New analysis features added include: New Solver - Added alternate solver for extremely efficient runtimes and storage utilization • New Eigen Solver - Added alternate Eigen solver for efficient solution of systems with large variations in stiffness and mass properties • Static and/or dynamic response spectrum analysis • P-delta analysis with either static or dynamic analysis • Blocked active column equation solver • Automated fast profile optimization • Generalized joint constraint options including rigid bodies, diaphragms, rods and welds • Applied force and applied displacement loading • Gravity, pressure and thermal loading • Eigen analysis with an accelerated subspace iteration algorithm • Ritz analysis for fast predominant mode evaluation for earthquake loads • Multi-

directional response spectrum analysis • Multiple response spectrum cases in single run • Modal combination by the SRSS, the CQC or the GMC (Gupta) method • Directional combinations by the ABS or the SRSS method • Static and dynamic response combinations and envelopes • Control over selective execution of analysis cases • Automatic multiple run batch capability from inside GUI • Variety of built in response spectrum input functions . All of these programs feature sophisticated capabilities, such as very fast equation solvers, force and displacement loading, non-prismatic frame elements, highly accurate shell elements, Layered Shell elements, Eigen and Ritz dynamic analysis, multiple coordinate systems for skewed geometry, many different constraint options, the ability to merge independently defined meshes and the option to combine or envelope multiple dynamic analyses in the same run.

MODELING and USER FRIENDLY GRAPHICAL INTERFACE: Powerful and completely integrated design modules for steel, Aluminum, cold formed steel and concrete, all available from within the same interface used to create and analyze the model. The design of steel frame members features initial member sizing and iterative optimization. The design of concrete frame and shell members includes the calculation of the amount of reinforcing steel required. Members can be grouped for design purposes, and a single mouse click on an element brings up the detailed design calculations. SAP2000 supports the latest International codes and Eurocodes.

MODELING (A, P, B) • Object Based Graphical Interface • Model Templates with Auto Meshing • Frame, Cable and Tendon Members • Area (Shell) and Solid Objects with Internal Meshing • Integrated Graphical Section Designer for Complex Frame Shapes • Bridge Wizard for Bridge Modeling (A, P, BR) • Editing with Move, Merge, Mirror and Replicate • Accurate Dimensioning with Guidelines and Snapping • Auto Edge Constraints for Mismatched Shell Meshes • Quick Draw Options for Object Creation • Tendons in Frame, Shell and Solid Objects • Parametric Bridge Cross Sections (A, P, BR) • Support for Multiple Coordinate Systems • Powerful Grouping and Selection Options • Definition of Highway Layout Lines (A, P, BR) • Automatic Generation of Code Lateral Wind and Seismic Loads • Wind Loads on Open Structures • Transfer of Loads from Area Objects to Framing Systems • Application of Lane Loads to Bridge (A, P, BR) • Cracked Properties – Property Modification Factors • Gravity, Pressure and Thermal Loading • Line and Surface Multi-Linear Springs (A) • Staged Construction Analysis (A, SC) • Wave Generator (A, OS) • Parametric Tendon Layout for Box Girders (A, P, BR)

DISPLAY • 3D Perspective Graphical Displays (A, P, B) • Static Deformed and Mode Shapes (A, P, B) • Display of User Defined and Automated Loads (A, P, B) • Animation of Model (A, P, B) • Force Diagrams and Stress Contours (A, P, B) • Tabular Display of Model Input & Output (A, P, B) • Graphical Section Cut Definitions for Forces and Stresses (A, P, B) • OpenGL Viewer (A, P, B) • Analysis Case Tree Display (A, P, B) • Display of Displacement and Force Time History Records (A, P) • Time History AVI Files (A, P) • Lane Loads, Influence Surface Plots (A, P, BR) • Nonlinear Force-Deformation Plots (A)

SAP2000 DATA EXCHANGE SAP2000 is available in three different levels: Basic (B), Plus (P) and Advanced (A). Different add-on modules are also available: Bridge (BR), Offshore/wave (OS), Staged Construction (SC). A letter in parenthesis following a feature identifies the version(s) that are associated with it. • Interactive Database Editing for Model Creation/Editing • Import/Export Model to Access Database • Import/Export Model to Excel Spreadsheet • Cut & Paste Portions of Model to Excel Spreadsheet for Editing • Import/Export Model in CIS/2 STEP File Format • Data Exchange Using IFC Standard • Steel Buildings Detailed in ProSteel 3D using an Import/Export link • Export Steel Models in the Steel Detailing Neutral File Format • Import Files in the following program formats: ACCESS (.mdb) file, EXCEL (.xls), CIS/2 STEP, FrameWorks Plus, IGES (.igs), Nastran.dat, Strudl/Staad (.std/.gti), Prosteel, IFC – TEKLA STRUCTURES • Export Files in the following program formats: AutoCAD (.dxf), ACCESS (.mdb), EXCEL (.xls), CIS/2 STEP, FrameWorks Plus, IGES (.igs), Steel Detailing Neutral File (SNDF)-TEKLA , Prosteel, IFC-TEKLA, Capture graphics of any SAP2000 Window.

SAP2000 DESIGN SAP2000 is available in three different levels: Basic (B), Plus (P) and Advanced (A). Different add-on modules are also available: Bridge (BR), Offshore/wave (OS), Staged Construction (SC). A letter in parenthesis following a feature identifies the version(s) that are associated with it. • Steel Frame Design for AISC-ASD & LRFD, AASHTO, API, UBC, British, Canadian, Italian, Indian and Euro Codes • Concrete Frame Design for ACI, AASHTO, UBC, British, Canadian, New Zealand, Indian, Italian, Korean, Mexican and Euro Codes • Aluminum Frame Design for AA Codes • Cold-Formed Steel Frame Design for AISI Codes • Design for Static and Dynamic Loads • Straight & Curved Girder Design (A, P, BR) • Automatic Calculation of Moment Magnification Factors • Automatic Calculation of K-Factors & P-Delta Effects • Steel Frame Design Offers Automatic Member Selection • Virtual Work Based Optimization for Lateral Deflections • Grouping for Design Envelopes • Designed for Biaxial-Moment/Axial-Load Interaction • Seismic Check of Beam/Column Joints in Concrete Frames • Automated Effects of Panel-Zone Deformations on Lateral Drift • API Punching Shear Checks • P/T Concrete Box Girder Design (A, P, BR) STEEL, CONCRETE, ALUMINUM and COLD FORMED SECTION DESIGN Strength & drift controlled optimization • Concrete Shell Design - Display showing required rebar intensity and maximum concrete stress • Layered Shell Element • Fully interactive and graphical steel and concrete frame member design • AISC (ASD and LRFD), ACI, British and Eurocodes • Design for static, moving and dynamic (response spectrum and time history) loads • Ductile and non-ductile design • Member grouping for design envelopes • Detailed onscreen design information with right button click • Steel member selection and optimization • Graphical section builder for built-up sections and concrete rebar location • Biaxial moment-axial load column interaction diagrams.

SAP2000 STEEL FRAME DESIGN CAPABILITIES

MODELING & DESIGNING STEEL FRAMES • Integrated Object Based Steel Frame Models • Lateral Displacement & Period Control • Automatic Generation of Code Lateral Wind and Seismic Loads • Automatic Transfer of Vertical Loads from Floor Decks to Frames • Steel Frames Interacting with Complex 2D and 3D Shear Walls

STEEL FRAME DESIGN FEATURES • Fully Integrated Steel Frame Design • Automatic Member Sizing – No Preliminary Design Required • Virtual Work Based Optimization for Lateral Deflections • Grouping of Members for Member Sizing • Structural Steel Design Codes: AASHTO Steel 04, AISC-ASD01, AISC ASD89, AISC-LRFD99, AISC-LRFD93, API RP2A-LRFD97, API RP2A-WSD2000, ASCE 10-97, BS5950 90, BS5950 2000, CISC95, EUROCODE3-1993, Indian IS 800-1998, Italian UNI 10011, UBC97-ASD, UBC97-LRFD, IBC 2003 Wind and Seismic loads, Design of power transmission towers and similar structures (ASCE-10-97 2000), API Tank Design, International Building Codes, European Codes.

• Design for Static and Dynamic Loads • Code Dependent or User Defined Loading Combinations • Automatic Calculation of K-Factors & P-Delta Effects • Integrated Section Designer for Composite & Built-Up Sections

• Interactive Options for Design and Review • Design for Effects of Torsion

STEEL SEISMIC FRAME DESIGN FEATURES • Response Spectrum and Time History Based Structural Dynamics • Seismic Requirements for Special Moment-Resisting Frames • Design of Intermediate/Special Moment-Resisting Frames • Interactive Evaluation of Floor Diaphragm Shears Using Section Cuts

STEEL FRAME DESIGN OUTPUT FEATURES • Controlling Steel Member Sizes • Color Coded Controlling Steel Stress Ratios

STEEL DETAILING FEATURES • IFC • CIS/2 • TEKLA • ProSteel 3D • Steel Detailing Neutral File (SDNF) • FrameWorks Plus

ADVANCED FEATURES FOR STEEL STRUCTURES • Effects of Construction Sequence Loading (A) • Effects of Panel-Zone Deformations on Lateral Displacement • Eccentricities Due to Changes in Member Dimensions • Analytical Effects of Member Centerline Offsets In 3D • Effects of Beam-Column Partial Fixity • Three-Dimensional Pushover Analysis (A) • Buildings/Bridges with Base Isolation and Dampers (A) • Element-Based P-Delta Effects for Local Buckling Instabilities (A)

SAP2000 COLD-FORMED STEEL DESIGN CAPABILITIES MODELING & DESIGNING COLD-FORMED STEEL FRAMES • Integrated Object Based Cold-Formed Steel Frame Models • Lateral Displacement & Period Control • Automatic Generation of Code Lateral Wind and Seismic Loads • Transfer of Vertical Loads from Area Objects to Framing Systems • Cold-Formed Steel Frames Interacting with 2D and 3D Shear Walls

COLD-FORMED STEEL FRAME DESIGN FEATURES • Fully Integrated Cold-Formed Steel Frame Design • Virtual Work Based Optimization for Lateral Deflections • AISI – ASD 1996 (Add. 1999), AISI – LRFD 1996 (Add. 1999) • Design for Static and Dynamic Loads • Code Dependent or User Defined Loading Combinations • Automatic Calculation of K-Factors & P-Delta Effects • Integrated Section Designer for Composite & Built-Up Sections • Interactive Options for Design and Review • Design for Effects of Torsion

COLD-FORMED STEEL SEISMIC FRAME DESIGN FEATURES • Response Spectrum and Time History Based Structural Dynamics

COLD-FORMED STEEL FRAME DESIGN OUTPUT FEATURES • Color Coded Controlling Cold-Formed Steel Stress Ratios

COLD-FORMED STEEL DETAILING FEATURES • IFC • CIS/2

POWER FEATURES FOR COLD-FORMED STEEL STRUCTURES • Eccentricities Due to Changes in Member Dimensions • Analytical Effects of Member Centerline Offsets In 3D • Effects of Beam-Column Partial Fixity • Element-Based P-Delta Effects for Local Buckling Instabilities

Aluminyum Frame Design: U.S.A. Alum. Assoc. ASD 2000, LRFD 2000

SAP2000 CONCRETE FRAME AND SHELL DESIGN CAPABILITIES

MODELING & DESIGNING CONCRETE FRAMES • Integrated Object Based Concrete Models • Special Modeling of Concrete Frame Systems • Cracked Properties – Property Modification Factors • Automatic Generation of Code Lateral Wind and Seismic Loads • Automatic Transfer of Vertical Loads to Framing Systems

CONCRETE FRAME DESIGN FEATURES • Fully Integrated Concrete Frame Design • Concrete Design Codes: AASHTO Concrete 97, ACI 2005/IBC 2006, ACI 318-05/IBC 2003, ACI 318-02, ACI 318-99, BS 8110 89, BS 8110 97, Canadian 2004, CSA CSA-A23.3-94, EUROCODE 2-1992, Indian IS 456-2000, Italian DM 14-2-92, KCI-1999, Mexican RCDF 2001, NZS 3101-95, UBC 97, Chineese.

• Design for Static and Dynamic Loads • Grouping for Design Envelopes • Automatic and User Defined Loading Combinations • Designed for Biaxial-Moment/Axial-Load Interaction & Shear • Automatic Calculation of Moment Magnification Factors • Magnification Override Option with the Evaluation of P-Delta Effects • Integrated Section Designer for Complex Concrete Sections • Generation of Biaxial-Moment/Axial-Load Interaction Diagrams • Interactive Options for Design and Review • Design for Effects of Torsion

CONCRETE SEISMIC FRAME DESIGN FEATURE • Dynamic Analysis – Response Spectrum and Time History • Design of Intermediate/Special Moment-Resisting Frames • Seismic Check of Beam/Column Joints • Seismic Check for Strong-Column/Weak-Beam Design • Evaluation of Concrete Floor Diaphragm Shears Using Section Cuts

CONCRETE SECTION DESIGNER FEATURES • Integrated Section Designer for Creating Complex Concrete Sections • Rectangular, Circular or Cross Section of Any Arbitrary Geometry • Powerful Graphical Interface for Locating Reinforcement • Calculates Section Properties, Biaxial Moment & Interaction Curves • Calculated Section Moment-Curvature Relationships

CONCRETE FRAME DESIGN OUTPUT FEATURES • Biaxial-Moment/Axial-Load Interaction Diagrams • Longitudinal Reinforcing Requirements at User Defined Stations • Shear Reinforcing Requirements at User Defined Stations • Graphical Displays of Reinforcing Layouts • Design for Static and Dynamic Loads • Automatic and User Defined Loading Combinations • Reinforcing Steel Intensity Diagrams for Concrete Shells

REINF. SHELL DESIGN:

• Shell reinforcement at all directions considering concrete cover, section forces (F11, F22, F12, M11, M22, M12). Display of reinforcement contours for both sides, both directions. , layered Shell element.

ADVANCED FEATURES FOR CONCRETE STRUCTURES • Effects of Construction Sequence Loading (A) • Effects of Time Dependent Creep & Shrinkage (A) • Automated Effects of Panel-Zone Deformations on Lateral Drift • Meshing Techniques for Shear Walls and Floors • Models Using Edge Constraints • Eccentricities Due to Changes in Member Dimensions • Analytical Effects of Member Centerline Offsets In 3D • Three-Dimensional Pushover Analysis (A) • Buildings/Bridges with Base Isolation and Dampers (A) • Element-Based P-Delta Effects for Local Instabilities (A)

POST TENSIONING Tendons in frame, shell, solid elements • Creep, shrinkage, relaxation, anchorage slip, elastic shortening losses • Tendons can be placed with arbitrary geometry

Section Designer: Integrated generation of arbitrary steel and concrete cross sections • Parametric shape generation • Section property calculations • Three dimensional axial force and biaxial interaction diagrams • Moment-curvature relationships. Customable Report Writer:Generation of analysis and design reports in customizable format • Output to Word (RTF), Internet Explorer (HTML), text editor and printer • Any input or output table may be added to report • Information in the tables may be filtered and sorted • Display units may be user specified for any numerical field in a table.

LINE OBJECTS: The 2D and 3D Beam and Truss Element Curved beam element • Multiple non-prismatic segments over element length • Point, uniform and trapezoidal loading in any direction • Temperature and thermal gradient loading • Prestress loading • Automated end offset evaluation • Moment and shear releases • Built-in steel sections • Frame member cardinal points and joint offsets.

AREA OBJECTS: The 3D Shell Element General quadrilateral or triangular element • Layered Shell Element • Orthotropic materials • Six degrees of freedom per joint • Shell, plate or membrane action • Gravity, uniform, pressure, temperature and thermal gradient loading

POINT OBJECTS: The Spring Element Joint to ground (support) spring • Automatic spring calculation from foundation surface • Global and skewed springs • Coupled 6x6 user defined spring stiffness option (for foundation modeling) • Fully-coupled 6x6 linear spring and dashpot • Link degrees of freedom can be rigid to act as constraints or restraints ASOLID ELEMENT 3 to 9 nodes axisymmetric element • Orthotropic material properties • Gravity, thermal, surface pressure and pressure gradient loading options SOLID Element: Three dimensional 8 node brick element • Anisotropic material properties • Gravity, thermal, surface pressure and pressure gradient loading options. DYNAMIC TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS: Ground acceleration excitation • Multiple base excitations • Load forcing functions • Transient or steady-state • Multiple Time History Cases • Time history Windows AVI file • Graphic displays of nodal and element time history records • Functions vs time or function vs function displays • Generation of response spectrum curves for any joint acceleration component • Results can be combined with other loads for enveloping or step by step steel and concrete design • Variety of built in input functions for time history analysis .

FREQUENCY DOMAIN ANALYSIS Steady state analysis • Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis • Frequency dependent properties for links/supports MOVING LOADS ANALYSIS: Vehicles can load frames, shells or solids • Three dimensional influence surfaces • Vehicle width effects included • Live-load analysis includes transverse positioning of the vehicles • Alternate Moving-load analysis using Multi-step loading (static or dynamic) • Support for AASHTO-LRFD and BS 5400-2 • Moving-load response available for section cuts • AASHTO, User-defined truck, lane and train loads • Determination of maximum and minimum displacements and reactions • Capable of handing complex lane geometries • Automatically calculates all possible permutations of traffic loads • Results can be combined with other loads for enveloping or corresponding components for steel and concrete design

SAP2000 NONLINEAR ELEMENTS

SAP2000 Advanced extends the capabilities of the PLUS version to include following nonlinear analysis options. The Frame Plastic Hinge Element for use with Static Pushover Analysis Axial, flexural, shear and torsional hinge • Axial load - biaxial moment interaction • Multilinear behavior including softening • P-Delta options Pushover Analysis Options Static Pushover Analysis starting from gravity loads • Force or displacement control • User defined lateral load patterns • Effective damping computations • Capacity Spectrum computation • Demand-Spectrum computation • FEMA 356 Hinges • Force Controlled Hinges • Caltrans Column Section Hinges • Fiber Hinges • Improved Pushover Hinge Results Display • ATC 55/FEMA 440

support The SAP2000 Nonlinear Link Element for use with the dynamic time history analysis option Link may be placed between any two joints or from joint to ground • Viscous damper with nonlinear exponent on velocity term • Gap (compression only) and Hook (tension only) • Uniaxial plasticity (all 6 degrees of freedom) • Base isolator with biaxial plasticity behavior • Base isolator with friction and/or pendulum behavior • AVI file option for creating real time displays of nonlinear deformation behavior • Force versus Deformation plots of nonlinear systems for energy dissipation studies. Other features: Large deformation cable element • Tension only/compression only frame elements • Nonlinear dynamic direct integration time history analysis • Static and dynamic large displacement analysis across all element types • Stiffness and mass proportional damping • Nonlinear buckling analysis • Steady-State analysis with damping • Frame and shell property modifiers for cracking .

SAP2000 v11 ADD-ON MODULES

OBJECT BASED BRIDGE DESIGN MODULE Add-on for SAP2000 v11 PLUS and for v11 ADVANCED

The Bridge Design Module adds capability to easily model complicated bridge geometry using Bridge Designer’s terminology. Specifically included are: Layout-line definition for bridge elements and lanes using bearings and stations • Layout-line has horizontal and vertical curves and transitions • Parametric cross-section definitions • Cross-section parameters can vary along length of bridge • Bridge definition includes spans, abutments, hinges, bents and superelevation • Abutments, bents and hinges can be skewed • Post-tensioning layout • Automatically creates spine (frame), shell or solid-element models • Structural model can remain linked to Bridge objects for quick editing • Display of integrated forces and stresses along bridge PARAMETRIC BRIDGE MODELING: Parametric Bridge Model Templates • Model Auto-updates with Parameter Changes • Parametric Cross Section Variations • Parametric Bridge Layout Lines • Super-elevations, Curves and Skews • Lane Definitions Independent of Structure • Abutments, Bents and Hinges • Improved Bridge Modeler for Steel Bridges • Display Bridge Results on a Girder by Girder Basis

BRIDGE MODEL GENERATION WIZARD: Guided step-by-step creation of complete bridge model • Detailed instructions for every step • Finished model is ready to run

ADVANCED ANALYSIS OPTIONS: Pushover analysis using fiber models • Isolators, dampers, plasticity, contact-friction • Pounding effects at skewed abutments • Buckling analysis • P-delta and large deflections • Nonlinear cables • Nonlinear dynamics by modal, implicit, or explicit methods • Frequency-domain analysis • All analyses use the same model • Analytical Power of SAP2000 ADVANCED • Segmental Construction Analysis • Time Dependent Creep & Shrinkage Analysis • Pushover Analysis using Fiber Models • Bridge Base Isolation & Gaps • Nonlinear Large Deformation Cable Analysis • High Freq. Blast Dynamics using Wilson FNA • Nonlinear Dynamics & Buckling Analysis • Multi-Support Seismic Excitation • Animated Views of Moving Load Analysis

BRIDGE OBJECT DEFINITION: Quick definition of bridge geometry • Spans with section variations along length • Abutments with linear/nonlinear support conditions • Bents with single or multiple columns • Hinges with linear/nonlinear behavior • Abutments, bents, hinges can be skewed • Post-tensioning definitions • Auto generation of bridge structural model • Structural model remains linked to bridge objects for quick editing 3-D INFLUENCE SURFACES: Influence surfaces can be plotted for all displacements, reactions, forces, and stresses • Multiple Display options are available • Tabular data can be exported • Influence surfaces are used for moving-load envelope calculation

BRIDGE POST TENSIONING: Quick post-tensioning layout • Tendons in frame, shell, solid elements • Creep, shrinkage, relaxation, anchorage slip, elastic shortening and friction losses • Prestress tendons can be represented as loads or elements for analysis • Explicitly model time-dependent effects using tendons represented as elements

BRIDGE LAYOUT DEFINITION: Quick Definition of Highway Layout • Layout line definition for bridge components and lanes using bearings and stations • Layout line has horizontal and vertical curves and transitions • Super-elevation definitions

BRIDGE LANE DEFINITION: Quick definition using bridge layout line or existing frames • Lane width effects • Auto application of lane loads to bridge structure • Lane influence lines and surfaces

PARAMETRIC BRIDGE CROSS SECTIONS: Quick definition of variety of bridge cross sections • Concrete box girder sections • Concrete tee beam sections • tSeel composite bridge sections • Section parameters can vary along length of bridge • Automatic generation of frame (spine), shell or solid model from parametric section • Model automatically updates with change in parameters • Easily switch between different types of models

STAGED CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS: Add and remove objects, supports, and loads in arbitrary sequence • Behavior may be linear or nonlinear • Consideration of time-dependent effects: aging, creep, and shrinkage • Multiple staged-construction scenarios are possible

BRIDGE RESULTS AND DESIGN: AASHTO LFD and LRFD design checks • Influence lines and surfaces display • Forces and stresses along and across bridge • Displacement plots • Animated stress plots • Graphical and tabulated outputs • Moving Loads with 3D Influence Surface • Moving Loads with Multi-Step Analysis • Various Standard & User Defined Vehicles • P/T Concrete Box Girder Design • Composite Steel Deck Bridge Design • Straight & Curved Girder Design • AASHTO, LFD & LRFD Codes • Dynamic Effects of Moving Loads ENHANCED FRAME HINGE MODEL: P-M-M interaction with load-dependent moment-curvature relationships • New Section Designer considers Mander model for confined concrete • Caltrans shapes and hinge behavior • Fiber model options • FEMA 356 recommendations ADDITIONAL NONLINEAR LINK BEHAVIOR : Pivot-hysteresis and Takeda models for plasticity • Double-acting friction-pendulum isolators

SUMMARY: SAP2000 BRIDGE MODULE (Requires Plus or Higher)

PARAMETRIC BRIDGE MODELING • Bridge Wizard with Step by Step Guidance to Create a Bridge Model • Parametric Bridge Model Templates • Highway Layout Lines • Definition using Horizontal & Vertical Curves • Super Elevations and Skews • Parametric Cross Sections – Box Girders & Steel Composites • Cross Sections May Vary Along Bridge Length • Parametric Post Tensioning Tendon Layout for Box Girders • Abutments with User Defined Support Conditions • Bents with Single or Multiple Columns • Hinges • Layered Shell Element • Lane Definition Using Highway Layout or Frame Objects • Automatic Application of Lane Loads to Bridge • Predefined Vehicle and Train Loads

BRIDGE DESIGN OPTIONS • Moving Loads with 3D Influence Surface • Moving Loads with Multi-Step Analysis • Lane Width Effects • P/T Concrete Box Girder Design • Composite Steel Deck Bridge Design • Straight & Curved Girder Design • AASHTO, LFD & LRFD and BS 5400-2 Codes • Dynamic Effects of Moving Loads

BRIDGE RESULTS & OUTPUT • Influence Lines and Surfaces • Forces and Stresses Along and Across Bridge • Displacement Plots • Graphical and Tabulated Outputs

ADVANCED ANALYSIS OPTIONS (Requires Advanced) • Segmental Construction (SC) • Include the Effects of Creep, Shrinkage Relaxation • Pushover Analysis using Fiber Models • Bridge Base Isolation and Dampers • Explicitly Model Contact Across Gaps • Nonlinear Large Displacement Cable Analysis • Line and Surface Multi-Linear Springs (P-y curves) • High Frequency Blast Dynamics using Wilson FNA • Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis & Buckling Analysis • Multi-Support Seismic Excitation • Animated Views of Moving Loads

SAP2000 v11 ADVANCED ADD-ON MODULES: SAP2000 Staged Construction Module The Staged Construction Module adds capability to consider staged construction sequencing for any model. Time dependent effects such as creep and shrinkage can be included in staged construction analyses. Specifically included are:

Staged construction sequencing allowing Adding or Removing members • Staged construction sequencing allowing Adding or Removing loads • Staged construction sequencing allowing Adding or Removing supports • Time dependent concrete age effects (FIP-CEB) • Time dependent creep and shrinkage (FIP-CEB) Time dependent prestressing steel relaxation (FIP-CEB) • Explicitly model time-dependent effects using tendon elements

SAP2000 STAGED CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CAPABILITIES

STAGED CONSTRUCTION MODELING • Integrated Object Based Bridge or Building Models • Model Templates with Auto Meshing • Frame, Cable, Tendon, Shell and Solid Object Libraries • Powerful Grouping and Selection Options • Gravity, Pressure and Thermal Loading • Automatic Generation of Code Defined Wind and Seismic Loads • Line and Surface Multi-Linear Springs (P-y curves) • Straight & Curved Girders (BR) • Combination of Static and Dynamic Analyses, including Time History • Post Tensioning

STAGED CONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS • Staged Construction Sequencing by Adding/Removing Objects • Staged Construction Sequencing by Adding/Removing Loads • Staged Construction Sequencing by Adding/Removing Supports • Time Dependent Concrete Age Effects • Time Dependent Creep and Shrinkage • Time Dependent Prestressing Steel Relaxation • Explicitly Model Time Dependent Effects using Tendon Objects • P-Delta Analysis • P/T Concrete Box Girder Design (BR) • Nonlinear Large Displacement Cable Analysis

STAGED CONSTRUCTION DESIGN • Integrated Steel and Concrete Frame Design • AASHTO, LFD & LRFD Codes • ACI, UBC, British, Canadian, New Zealand, Indian, Italian, Korean, Mexican and Euro Concrete Codes • AISC-ASD & LRFD, UBC, API, British, Canadian, Italian, Indian and Euro Steel Codes • Integrated Section Designer for Complex Concrete Sections

STAGED CONSTRUCTION RESULTS & OUTPUT • 3D Perspective Graphical Displays • Multiple Views with Different Stages Displayed • Force Diagrams and Stress Contours • Displacement Plots • Tabular Display of Model Input & Output • Analysis Case Tree

SAP2000 OFFSHORE/WAVE MODULE (Requires Advanced) SAP2000 OFFSHORE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CAPABILITIES

OFFSHORE MODELING • Integrated Object Based Models • Wave Load Generator • Frame, Cable, Tendon, Shell and Solid Object Libraries • Auto Edge Constraints for Mismatched Shell Meshes • Wind Loading on Open Structures • Line and Surface Multi-Linear Springs (P-y curves) • Gravity, Pressure and Thermal Loading • Any Combination of Static and Dynamic Analyses

OFFSHORE ANALYSIS & DESIGN • API Simplified Fatigue Analysis • API Punching Shear Checks • Applied Displacement Loading • Multiple Base Excitation • Nonlinear Hinges • Nonlinear Time History Analysis • API Steel Frame Design • Integrated Graphical Section Designer for Built-Up Sections

OFFSHORE RESULTS & OUTPUT • 3D Perspective Graphical Displays • Graphical Wave Plots • Tabular Display of Wave Data • Force Diagrams and Stress Contours • Reinforcing Steel Intensity Diagrams for Concrete Shells • Displacement Plots

SAP2000 Open Application Programming Interface Module (Requires Advanced) The SAP2000 Open Application Programming Interface (OAPI) is a powerful tool that allows users to automate many of the processes required to build, analyze and design models and to obtain customized analysis and design results. It also allows users to link Sap2000 with third-party software providing a path for two-way exchange of model information with other programs.

You can use most major programming languages to access SAP2000 through the OAPI. This includes Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) that is included in programs such as Microsoft Excel.

SAP2000 v11 ENHANCEMENT LIST

Computers & Engineering is pleased to announce the release of Computer and Structures, Inc 's SAP2000 Version 11. Advancements have been made to almost every aspect of the program, including new graphics and new solvers. This fully integrated application for the modeling, analysis, and design of structures continues to be available in three levels: Basic, Plus and Advanced. The new and innovative features of Version 11 are listed below.

There are also five specialty add-on modules to the Advanced Level of SAP2000, namely, the Object-Based Bridge Design Module, the Staged Construction Module, the Offshore/Wave Module and the SAP2000 OAPI Module (Software Development Kit for Open Application Programming Interface). These modules need additional licensing.

GUI : OpenGL graphics added to main model window for fast drawing and display • Drawing significantly improved with several intelligent snaps and constraints • On-the-fly working plane added for modeling at arbitrary orientations • Numerous new selection methods added, including parallel to object, polygon fence and poly-line intersection, and by supports and constraints • "Fly" through models using user-defined paths • Selection by any combination of input or output values using database tables • Right-button information forms now allow easy editing of all items • Forms requiring previously defined items now allow adding/editing of those items • Materials redone to improve usability • Frame Sections redone to improve usability • User notes can be added to all properties • Fireproofing assignment added to frame objects • Automated undeformed geometry modifications using displaced shape • Database table display improved, including filters and selection • Help topics added to some forms ANALYSIS: New deformation loads added to Frame and Cable elements • Automatic iteration for target forces in Frame and Cable elements • 64-bit support added for analysis engine DESIGN: ACI 2005/IBC 2006 concrete design added • AISC 2005/IBC 2006 steel design added • Canadian 2004 concrete design added DOCUMENTATION: Help updated • Analysis manual updated • Tutorials updated • Design manuals updated • Verification Manual updated • Automated lateral loads manual added • "Watch & Learn™ Movies" updated • A – Z examples updated • API manual added EXTERNAL INTERFACING: Software Development Kit for Open Application Programming Interface (OAPI) works only with Advanced Version with API Add-On • SAP2000 API now available for custom programming or interfacing to other programs NEW OBJECT TYPES: Area objects can now be general polygons with more than 4 nodes • Area object meshing improved to account for general polygons • Catenary cable object/element added NEW AUTOMATED LATERAL LOADS: Automatic generation of lateral National loads for design • IBC 2006 Seismic load and response spectrum function added • IBC 2006 Wind load added • ANALYTICAL MODEL • Spring assignments to Line, Area and Solid objects can now be distributed, nonlinear links • Null property assignments to Line and Area and Solid objects are now allowed • Analysis model (element level) displays added, including loads and assignments • Analysis model information available for any element with a right-button click BRIDGE MODELLER (ADD-ON): Bridge Modeller Add-On works with Advanced and Plus versions • Bridge Wizard enhanced • Easier variable-section assignment for bridges • Advanced concrete box girder bridge section added • I and U precast bridge girder sections added • Specify prestress tendon jacking using force or displacement • AASHTO and NCHRP Project 20-07 response spectrum functions added • Nonlinear temperature distribution allowed for deck • Caltrans Section Designer sections added to database tables

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