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Raj Kumar Discovery in SAP HANA (/)

10/28/2012 63Comments(http://rajkumarsap.weebly.com/interviewquestions/saphanainterviewquestions#comments)

SAP HANA Interview Questions and Answers(http://rajkumarsap.weebly.com/interview-questions/sap-hana-interview-questions)

*************************************************************************************************************************************************BasedonVersion:SAPHANA1.0SPS05(CurrentVersionisSPS08)

Note: If youhaveanyquestions inHANA,donotpost ithere.Please firstdosearchandthenpostinSAPCommunityNetwork(SCN)HANAspace.Linkishttp://scn.sap.com/community/hanainmemory.

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SAPLandscapeTransformation1.Whatarethedifferenttypesofreplicationtechniques?1.ETLbasedreplicationusingBODS2.TriggerbasedreplicationusingSLT3.ExtractorbaseddataacquisitionusingDXC

2.WhatisSLT?SLTstands forSAPLandscapeTransformationwhich isa triggerbased replication.SLT replication server is thereplicationtechnologytopassdatafromsourcesystemtothetargetsystem.ThesourcecanbeeitherSAPornonSAP.TargetsystemisSAPHANAsystemwhichcontainsHANAdatabase.

3.Is it possible to loadand replicatedata fromonesourcesystem tomultiple targetdatabaseschemasofHANAsystem?Yes.Itispossibleforupto4.

4.Isitpossibletospecifythetypeofdataloadandreplication?Yeseitherinrealtime,orscheduledbytimeorbyinterval.

5.WhatisConfigurationinSLT?The information tocreate theconnectionbetween thesourcesystem,SLTsystem,and theSAPHANAsystem isspecified within the SLT system as a Configuration. You can define a new configuration in Configuration &MonitoringDashboard(transactionLTR).

6.Isthereanyprerequisitebeforecreatingtheconfigurationandreplication?For theSAPsourcesystemsDMISaddon is installed inSLTreplicationserver.User forRFCconnectionhastheroleIUUC_REPL_REMOTEassignedbutnotDDIC.FornonSAPsourcesystemsDMISaddon isnot requiredandgrantadatabaseuser sufficientauthorization fordatareplication.

7.WhatisConfigurationandMonitoringDashboard?ItisanapplicationthatrunsonSLTreplicationservertospecifyconfigurationinformation(suchassourcesystem,targetsystem,andrelevantconnections)sothatdatacanbereplicated.Itcanalsouseittomonitorthereplicationstatus(transactionLTR).StatusYellow:Itmayoccurduetotriggerswhicharenotyetcreatedsuccessfully.StatusRed:Itmayoccurifmasterjobisaborted(manuallyintransactionSM37).

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8.Whatisadvancedreplicationsettings?AtransactionthatrunsonSLTreplicationservertospecifyadvancedreplicationsettingslikeModifyingtargettablestructures,SpecifyingperformanceoptimizationsettingsDefinetransformationrules

9.WhatisLatency?Itisthelengthoftimetoreplicatedata(atableentry)fromthesourcesystemtothetargetsystem.

10.Whatisloggingtable?A table in thesourcesystem that recordsanychanges toa table that isbeing replicated.Thisensures thatSLTreplicationservercanreplicatethesechangestothetargetsystem.

11.WhatareTransformationrules?A rule specified in theAdvancedReplication settings transaction for source tables such that data is transformedduringthereplicationprocess.ExampleyoucanspecifyruletoConvertfieldsFillemptyfieldsSkiprecords

12.Whathappenswhenyousetupanewconfiguration?ThedatabaseconnectionisautomaticallycreatedalongwithGUIDandMasstransferid(MT_ID).

AschemaGUIDensuresthatconfigurationswiththesameschemanamecanbecreated.TheMasstransferIDisusedinthenamingofSLTjobsandthesystemcanuniquelyidentifyaschema.

13.Whatfactorsinfluencethechange/increasethenumberofjobs?NumberofconfigurationsmanagedbytheSLTreplicationserverNumberoftablestobeloaded/replicatedforeachconfigurationExpectedspeedofinitialloadExpectedreplicationlatencytime.Asaruleofthumb,oneBDGjobshouldbeusedforeach10tablesinreplicationtoachieveacceptablelatencytimes.

14.WhentochangethenumberofDataTransferjobs?Ifthespeedoftheinitialload/replicationlatencytimeisnotsatisfactoryIfSLT replicationserverhasmore resources than initiallyavailable,wecan increase thenumberofdata transferand/orinitialloadjobsAfterthecompletionoftheinitialload,wemaywanttoreducethenumberofinitialloadjobs

15.Whatarethejobsinvolvedinreplicationprocess?1.MasterJob(IUUC_MONITOR_)2.MasterControllingJob(IUUC_REPLIC_CNTR_)3.DataLoadJob(DTL_MT_DATA_LOAD__)4.MigrationObjectDefinitionJob(IUUC_DEF_MIG_OBJ_)5.AccessPlanCalculationJob(ACC_PLAN_CALC__)

16.WhatistherelationbetweenthenumberofdatatransferjobsintheconfigurationsettingsandtheavailableBGDworkprocesses?Each job occupies 1BGDwork processes inSLT replication server. For each configuration, the parameterDataTransferJobsrestrictsthemaximumnumberofdataloadjobforeachmasstransferID(MT_ID).

AmasstransferIDrequiresatleast4backgroundjobstobeavailable:OnemasterjobOnemastercontrollerjobAtleastonedataloadjobOneadditionaljobeitherformigration/accessplancalculation/tochangeconfigurationsettingsinConfigurationandMonitoringDashboard.

17.If you set the parameter data transfer jobs to 04 in a configuration SCHEMA1, amass transfer ID 001 isassigned.Thenwhatjobsshouldbeinthesystem?1Masterjob(IUUC_MONITOR_SCHEMA1)1MasterControllerjob(IUUC_REPL_CNTR_001_0001)Atmost4paralleljobsforMT_ID001(DTL_MT_DATA_LOAD_001_01/~02/~03/~04)

Performance:Iflotsoftablesareselectedforload/replicationatthesametime,itmayhappenthattherearenotenough background jobs available to start the load procedure for all tables immediately. In this case you canincreasethenumberofinitialloadjobs,otherwisetableswillbehandledsequentially.

For tables with large volume of data, you can use the transaction Advanced Replication Settings(IUUC_REPL_CONT)tofurtheroptimizetheloadandreplicationprocedurefordedicatedtables.

18.WhathappensaftertheSLTreplicationisover?TheSLTreplicationservercreates1user,4roles,2storedproceduresand8tables.

1User1Privilege4Roles_DATA_PROV_POWER_USER_USER_ADMIN_SELECT2StoredproceduresRS_GRANT_ACCESS,RS_REVOKE_ACCESS8TablesDD02L, DD02T, RS_LOG_FILES, RS_MESSAGES, RS_ORDER, RS_ORDER_EXT, RS_SCHEMA_MAP,RS_STATUS

19.Whatarethedifferentreplicationscenarios?Load,Replicate,Stop,SuspendandResume.Beforeyouselectanyapplicationtable,theinitialloadofthetablesDD02L,DD02T&DD08Lmustbecompletedastheycontainthemetadatainformation.

Load:Startsaninitialloadofreplicationdatafromthesourcesystem.Theprocedureisaonetimeevent.Afteritiscompleted,furtherchangestothesourcesystemdatabasewillnotbereplicated.

Fortheinitialloadprocedure,neitherdatabasetriggersnorloggingtablesarecreatedinthesourcesystem.Defaultsettings use reading type 3 (DB_SETGET) with up to 3 background jobs in parallel to load tables in parallel orsubsequentlyintotheHANAsystem.

Replicate:Combinesaninitialloadprocedureandthesubsequentreplicationprocedure(realtimeorscheduled).

Beforethe initial loadprocedurewillstart,databasetriggerandrelated loggingtablearecreatedforeachtable inthesourcesystemaswellasinSLTreplicationserver.

StopReplication:Stopsanycurrentloadorreplicationprocessofatable.

Thestop functionwill remove thedatabase triggerandrelated logging tablescompletely.Onlyuse this function ifyoudowanttocontinueaselectedtableotherwiseyoumustinitiallyloadthetableagaintoensuredataconsistency.

Suspend: Pauses a table from a running replication. The database trigger will not be deleted from the sourcesystem.Therecordingofchangeswillcontinueandrelatedinformationisstoredintherelatedloggingtablesinthesourcesystem.

Ifyoususpendtablesforalongtimethesizeofloggingtablesmayincreaseandadjustthetablespaceifrequired.

Resume:Restarts theapplication forasuspended table.Theprevioussuspendedreplicationwillbe resumed(nonewinitialloadrequired).

20.WhathappensifthereplicationissuspendedforalongperiodoftimeorsystemoutageofSLTorHANAsystem?Thesizeoftheloggingtablesincreases.

21.Howtoavoidunnecessarylogginginformationfrombeingstored?Pausethereplicationbystoppingtheschemarelatedjobs.

22.WillthetablesizeinSAPHANAdatabaseandinthesourcesystemthesame?NoasHANAdatabasesupportscompression.

23.Whentogofortablepartitioning?If the tablesize inHANAdatabaseexceeds2billion records,split the tablebyusingportioning featuresbyusingAdvancedreplicationsettings(transactionIUUC_REPL_CONT,tabpageIUUC_REPL_TABSTG).

24.Wheredoyoudefinetransformationrules?ByusingAdvancedreplicationsettings(transactionIUUC_REPL_CONT,tabpageIUUCASSRULEMAP)

25.ArethereanyspecialconsiderationsifthesourcesystemisnonSAPsystem?TheconceptoftriggerbasedreplicationisactuallymeantforSAPsourcesystems.Themaindifferencesare:TherewillbeadatabaseconnectionbetweennonSAPsourceandSLTsysteminsteadofRFC.SourcemusthaveprimarykeyTablesDD02L,DD02Twhichcontainsmetadataarejustinitiallyloadedbutnotreplicated.ThereadmodulesresideonSLTsystem.Tableswithdatabasespecificformatsmayneedtransformationrulesbeforetheyarereplicated.OnlySAPsupporteddatabases(withrespectiveDBSLforSAPNetWeaver7.02)aresupportedasnonSAPsourcesystems.

26.Whatarethepotentialissuesinthecreationofconfiguration?MissingaddonDMIS_2010insourcesystemMissingtheproperroleofSAP_IUUC_REPL_REMOTEforRFCuser(SAP_IUUC_USERforSLTsystem)Logoncredentialsarenotcorrect

27.HowcanyouensurethatdataisconsistentinsourcesystemandHANAsystem?Since any changes in the source system is tracked in dedicated logging tables, the replication status for eachchangeddata record is transparent.Aentryof logging table isdeletedafterasuccessful commit statement fromHANAdatabaseandthisprocedureensuresthedataconsistencybetweensourcesystemandHANAsystem.

28.DoesSLTforSAPHANAsupportdatacompressionlikeSAPHANAdatabase?Yes,thisisautomaticallycoveredbytheRFCconnectionusedfordatareplicationfromtheSAPsourcesystem.

Questionsonlimits1.Maximumnumberoftablesinaschema?131072

2.Whatcanbethemaximumtablenamelength?127characters

3.Whatcanbethemaximumcolumnnamelength?127characters

4.Whatcanbethemaximumnumberofcolumnsinatable?1000

5.Whatcanbethemaximumnumberofcolumnsinaview?1000

6.Whatcanbethemaximumnumberofpartitionsofacolumntable?1000

7.Whatcanbethemaximumnumberofrowsineachtable?LimitedbystoragesizeRS:1TB/sizeof(row)CS:2^31*numberofpartitions

8.Inwhichtableyoucangetthecurrentsystemlimits?M_SYSTEM_LIMITS

9.MaximumnumberofjobsyoucanviewtheinformationintheCurrenttabofJoblog?5

QuestionsonSQLScript

1.WhatisSQLScript?It isasetofSQLextensionsforSAPHANAdatabasewhichallowdeveloperstopushdata intensive logic intothedatabase.

2.WhenshouldbeSQLScriptused?ItshouldbeusedincaseswhereothermodelingconstructsofHANAsuchasAttributeviewsorAnalyticviewsarenotsufficient.

3.ExplainhowSQLScriptprocedureisprocessedinHANAdatabase?Whenausercreatesanewprocedure,theHANAdatabasequerycompilerfirst:ParsethestatementsCheckthestatementsemanticcorrectnessOptimizethecodeforDeclarativeandImperativelogicCodegenerationcreatesCalculationmodelsforDeclarativelogicandLnodesforImperativelogicCompiledprocedurecreatesContentinthedatabaseCatalogandinRepository.

4.Whathappenswhenyoucompiletheprocedure?Duringcompilation,thecalltotheprocedureisrewrittenforprocessingbythecalculationengine.5.Whathappenswhenyouexecutetheprocedure?Itbindstheactualparameterstothecalculationmodelsgeneratedinthedefinitionphase.

6.WhatarethedatatypessupportedinSQLScript?SQLScriptallowsthedefinitionsoftabletypesandalsosupportsprimitivedatatypessuchasInteger,Decimal(p,q),Varchar,Blob,Timestamp,etc.

7.Whatisatabletype?Tabletypesareusedtodefineparametersforaprocedurethatrepresenttabularresults.Example:CREATE TYPE tt_publishers AS TABLE ( publisher INTEGER, name VARCHAR(50), price DECIMAL, cntINTEGER)CREATETYPEtt_yearsASTABLE(yearVARCHAR(4),priceDECIMAL,cntINTEGER)

8.Whatisthegeneralsyntaxusedincreatingprocedure?

CREATEPROCEDURE[()][LANGUAGE][SQLSECURITY][READSSQLDATA[WITHRESULTVIEW]]ASBEGINEND

9.Howtorecompileaprocedure?ALTERPROCEDUREproc_nameRECOMPILE[WITHPLAN]

10.Canyouspecifyadefaultvaluewhilecreatingprocedure?Isthereanychangewhilecallingtheprocedure?CREATEPROCEDUREmy_proc(INP1INT,INP2INTDEFAULT1,OUTout1DUMMY)ASBEGINout1=SELECT:P1+:P2ASDUMMYFROMDUMMYENDWhilecallingtheprocedure,weneedtopass'NamedParameters'withtoken(=>).CALLmy_proc(P1=>3,out1=>?)Ifyouwanttospecifyalltheinputfieldsthencallstatementwouldbe:CALLmy_proc(3,4,?)

11.Whatisthepurposeofprocedure'Call...WithOverview'option?Towritetheresultsofaprocedurecalldirectlyintoaphysicaltable.CALLmy_proc(3,4,NULL)WITHOVERVIEW

12.Whatisthepurposeofprocedure'Call.....InDebugMode'option?It creates theadditionaldebug informationduring theexecutionof theprocedure.This typeofcallhasadditionalruntimeoverheadhenceshouldbeusedfordebuggingpurposesonly.CALLmy_proc(3,4,NULL)INDEBUGMODE

13.WhatisTablevariable?Thesearevariableswith table typewhicharebound to thevalueofaphysical table,SQLqueryoracalculationengineplanoperator.Tablevariablesareboundusingequalityoperator.

14.Whatisascalarvariable?WedefinescalarvariableasIN,OUT,orINOUTandcanbereferencedanywhereinaprocedure.lt_expensive_books=SELECTtitle,price,crcyFROM:it_booksWHEREprice>:minPriceANDcrcy=:currencyInaboveassignment, thevariable lt_expensive_books isbound.Variable :it_booksrefers toanINparameterofaTabletype.:minPriceand:currencyrefertoINparameterofascalartype.

15.WhatisCEplanoperator?Whatarethedifferentcategories?CEplan operator does the data transformation functionality internally and used in definition of functions. It is analternatetousingSQLstatements.DataSourceAccessoperatorsthatbindacolumntableoracolumnviewtoatablevariable.(CE_COLUMN_TABLE,CE_JOIN_VIEW,CE_OLAP_VIEW,CE_CALC_VIEW)RelationaloperatorsthatallowausertobypasstheSQLprocessorduringevaluationanddirectlyexecutedinthecalculationengine. (CE_JOIN, CE_LEFT_OUTER_JOIN, CE_RIGHT_OUTER_JOIN, CE_PROJECTION,CE_CALC,CE_AGGREGATION,CE_UNION_ALL)Specialextensionsimplement,e.g.,crucialbusinessfunctionsinsidethedatabasekernel.(CE_VERTICAL_UNION,CE_CONVERSION)

16.WhatisCE_COLUMN_TABLEoperator?It providesaccess toanexisting column table. It takes thenameof the tableand returns its contentbound toavariable.

Example:ot_books1=CE_COLUMN_TABLE(BOOKS)ot_books2=CE_COLUMN_TABLE(BOOKS,[TITLE,PRICE,CRCY])

ThisexampleonlyworksonacolumntableanddoesnotinvoketheSQLprocessor.Itissemanticallyequivalenttothefollowing:ot_books3=SELECT*FROMbooksot_books4=SELECTtitle,price,crcyFROMbooks

Thefunctionthatprovidedatasourceaccessdoesnotallowrenamingofattributes.

17.WhatisCE_JOIN_VIEWoperator?Itreturnresultsforanexistingjoinview(alsoknownasAttributeview).Ittakesthenameofjoinviewandoptionallistofattributesasparameters.

Example:out=CE_JOIN_VIEW(PRODUCT_SALES,[PRODUCT_KEY,PRODUCT_TEXT,SALES])

18.WhatisCE_OLAP_VIEWoperator?ItreturnresultsforanexistingOLAPview(alsoknownasAnalyticalview).IttakesthenameofOLAPviewandanoptional listofkey figuresanddimensionsasparameters.TheOLAPview isgroupedbydimensionsand thekeyfiguresareaggregatedusingthedefaultaggregationoftheOLAPview.

Example:out=CE_OLAP_VIEW(OLAP_view,[Dim1,kf])Isequivalenttoout=SELECTdim1,SUM(kf)FROMOLAP_viewGROUPBYdim1

19.WhatisCE_CALC_VIEWoperator?Itreturnsresultsforanexistingcalculationview.Ittakesthenameofthecalculationviewandoptionallyaprojectionlistofattributenames.

Example:out=CE_CALC_VIEW(CALC_view,[CID,CNAME])Isequivalenttoout=SELECTcid,cnameFROMCALC_view

20.WhatisCE_JOINoperator?Itcalculatesainnerjoinofthegivenpairoftablesonalistofjoinattributes.Eachpairofjoinattributesmusthaveidenticalattributenameselseoneofthemmustberenamedpriortothejoin.

Example:ot_pubs_books1=CE_JOIN(:lt_pubs,:it_books,[PUBLISHER])ot_pubs_books2=CE_JOIN(:lt_pubs,:it_books,[PUBLISHER],[TITLE,NAME,PUBLISHER,YEAR])

Isequivalenttoot_pubs_books3=SELECTP.publisheraspublisher,name,street,post_code,city,country,isbn,title,edition,year,price,crcyFROM:lt_pubsASP,:it_booksasBWHEREP.publisher=B.publisherot_pubs_books4=SELECTtitle,name,P.publisheraspublisher,yearFROM:lt_pubsASP,:it_booksASBWHEREP.publisher=B.publisher

21.WhatisCE_LEFT_OUTER_JOINoperator?Itcalculatestheleftouterjoin.BesidesthefunctionnamethesyntaxissameasCE_JOIN.

22.WhatisCE_RIGHT_OUTER_JOINoperator?Itcalculatestherightouterjoin.BesidesthefunctionnamethesyntaxissameasCE_JOIN.

23.WhatisCE_PROJECTIONoperator?It restricts the columns in the table variable andoptionally renames columns, computes expression, or applies afilter.

Example:ot_books1=CE_PROJECTION(:it_books,[TITLE,PRICE,CRCYASCURRENCY],'PRICE>50')Isequivalenttoot_books2=SELECTtitle,price,crcyAScurrencyFROM:it_booksWHEREprice>50

24.WhatisCE_CALCoperator?Itevaluatesanexpressionandthenboundtoanewcolumn

Example:with_tax=CE_PROJECTION(:product,[CID,CNAME,OID,SALES,CE_CALC('SALES*:vat_rate',decimal(10,2))ASSALES_VAT],''CNAME=':cname''')Isequivalentto

with_tax2=SELECTcid,cname,oid,sales,sales*:vat_rateASsales_vatFROM:productWHEREcname=':cname'

All columns used in CE_CALC have to be included in the projection list. Another frequent use of CE_CALC iscomputingrownumbers.CE_CALC('rownum()',integer)AS"RANK"

25.WhatisCE_AGGREGATIONoperator?Itgroupstheinputandcomputesaggregatesforeachgroup.Supportedaggregatefunctionsarecount(column),sum(column),max(column),min(column).Usesum(column)/count(column)tocomputetheaverage.

Example:

ot_books1=CE_AGGREGATION(:it_books,[COUNT(PUBLISHER)ASCNT],[YEAR])

Isequivalenttoot_books2=SELECTCOUNT(publisher)ascnt,yearFROM:it_booksGROUPBYyear

26.WhatisCE_UNION_ALLoperator?Itcomputestheunionoftwotableswhichneedtohaveidenticalschemas.

Example:ot_all_books1=CE_UNION_ALL(:lt_books,:it_audit_books)Isequivalenttoot_all_books2=SELECT*FROM:lt_booksUNIONALLSELECT*FROM:it_audit_books

27.Whatisspecialoperator?CE_VERTICAL_UNIONandCE_CONVERSIONare the special operatorswhich do not have any immediateSQLequivalent.

28.WhatoperatorisusedtodebugSQLScriptprocedures?TRACEoperaor.Ittracesthetabulardatapassedasitsargumentintoalocaltemporarytableandreturnitsinputunmodified.ThenamesofthetemporarytablescanberetrievedfromtheSYS.SQLSCRIPT_TRACEview.

Example:out=TRACE(:input)

29.Howtosetuptracing?FromtheAdministrationperspective,navigatetotabTraceConfiguration.Inordertochangesettings,youneedtohavesystemprivilegesTRACEADMINandINFILEADMIN.

30.WhatisthedifferencebetweenBREAKandCONTINUE?Breakmeansloopshouldstopprocessing,CONTINUEmeansloopshouldstopprocessingthecurrentiterationandimmediatelystartprocessingthenextiteration.

31.WhatisCursor?Itisusedtofetchsinglerowsfromtheresultsetreturnedbyaquery.CREATEPROCEDUREcursor_procLANGUAGESQLSCRIPTASv_isbnVARCHAR(20)CURSORc_cursor1(v_isbnVARCHAR(20))FORSELECTisbn,title,price,crcyFROMbooksWHEREisbn=:v_isbnORDERBYisbnBEGINOPENc_cursor1('9783868940121')IFc_cursor1::ISCLOSEDTHENCALLins_msg_proc('WRONG:cursornotopen')ELSECALLins_msg_proc('OK:cursoropen')ENDIFFETCHc_cursor1INTOv_isbn,v_title,v_price,v_crcyIFc_cursor1::NOTFOUNDTHENCALLins_msg_proc('WRONG:cursorcontainsnovaliddata')ELSECALLins_msg_proc('OK:cursorcontainsvaliddata')ENDIFCLOSEc_cursor1END

32.Howtoloopcursoroverresultsets?UsingFORloop.CREATEPROCEDUREforeach_proc()LANGUAGESQLSCRIPTASv_isbnVARCHAR(20):=''CURSORc_cursor1(v_isbnVARCHAR(20))FORSELECTisbn,title,price,crcyFROMbooksORDERBYisbnBEGINFORcur_rowasc_cursor1DOCALLins_msg_proc('booktitleis:'||cur_row.title)ENDFOREND

QuestionsonModeler1.WhatarethetwodeveloperrolesinHANASPS05?ThetwodeveloperrolesareModelerandApplicationProgrammer.

Modeler:modelerisconcernedwiththedefinitionofmodelandschemasusedintheSAPHANA,thespecificationand definition of tables, views, primary keys, indexes, partitions and interrelationship of the data, designing anddefiningauthorizationandaccesscontrolthroughthespecificationofprivileges,rolesandusersandgenerallyusestheperspectiveAdministrationConsoleandModeler.

ApplicationProgrammer:ProgrammerisconcernedwithbuildingSAPHANAapplicationswhicharedesignedbasedonMVC(modelviewcontroller)architectureandgenerallyusestheperspectiveSAPHANADevelopment.

2.ExplainHANAdatabaseArchitecture(SP05)?ClientsconnecttothedatabasesystemwhichformsasessionwithinthedatabaseintheformofSQLstatements.IntheHANAdatabase,eachSQLstatementisprocessedinthecontextofatransaction.Newsessionsareassignedtoanewtransaction.

TraditionaldatabaseapplicationsusesJDBCandODBCinterfacetocommunicatewiththedatabasemanagementsystemoveranetworkconnectionandapplicationusesSQLtomanageandquerythedatastoredinthedatabase.IntheHANAdatabaseIndexserveristhemaincomponentofdatabasemanagementwhichcontainstheactualdatastoresandtheenginesforprocessingthedata.The indexserverprocesses incomingSQLorMDXstatements inthecontextoftransaction.

TheTransactionmanagercoordinatesdatabasetransactions,andkeepstrackofrunningandclosedtransactions.When a transaction is committed or rolled back, the transaction manager informs the involved storage enginesaboutthiseventsotheycanexecutenecessaryactions.

TheHANAdatabasehas itsownscripting languagecalledSQLScript that isdesigned toenableoptimizationandparallelization.HANAsupportstheBusinessFunctionalLibrary(BFL)andPredictiveAnalysisLibrary(PAL)andcanbecalleddirectlyfromwithinSQLScript.ItalsosupportsthedevelopmentofprogramswritteninRlanguage.

SQL and SQLScript are implemented using a common infrastructure of Builtin functions. That have access tovarious meta definitions such as definitions of relational tables, columns, views, and indexes, definitions ofSQLScriptprocedures.ThisMetadataisstoredinonecommoncatalog(rowstoreorcolumnstore).

ThePersistence layerensures that thedatabaseaftera restart is restored to themost recentcommittedstate. Ituses a combination of writeahead logs, shadow paging and save points. The persistence layer also containsLoggerthatmanagesthetransactionlog.TheIndexserverusesthePreprocessorServerforanalyzingthetextdataandextractingtheinformationbasedontextsearchcapabilities.TheNameServerknowswherethecomponentsarerunningandwhichdataislocatedonwhichserver.TheStatisticsServercollectsinformationaboutstatus,performanceandresourceconsumptionfromotherserversinthesystem.

3.WhatisSAPXS(ExtendedApplicationService)?SAPHANAXSprovidesendtoendsupportforwebbasedapplications.

4.WhatareDevelopmentobjects?ThebuildingblocksofSAPHANAapplicationsarecalleddevelopmentobjects.

5.WhatisRepository?TheHANARepositoryisstoragesystemfordevelopmentobjectsandisbuiltintoSAPHANA.The repository supportsVersioncontrol,Transport, andSharingofobjectsbetweenmultipledevelopers.Wecanadd objects to the repository, update the objects, publish the objects, and compile these objects into runtimeobjects.

6.WhatarethedifferentperspectivesavailableinHANA?Modeler:usedforcreatingvarioustypesofviewsandanalyticalprivileges.SAPHANADevelopment:UsedforprogrammingapplicationsforcreatingdevelopmentobjectstoaccessorupdatedatamodelssuchasServersideJavascriptorHTMLfiles.Administration:Usedtomonitorthesystemandchangesettings.Debug:UsedtodebugcodesuchasSQLScript(.procedurefiles)orServersideJavascript(.xsjsfiles).

Toopenaperspective,gotoWindowOpenPerspective.

7.Before starting developmentwork in SAPHANA studio,What are the roles a user should have onSAPHANAserver?Modeling,Content_Admin.

8.WhatisaDeliveryUnit?Deliveryunit(DU)isacontainerusedbytheLifeCycleManager(LCM)totransportrepositoryobjectsbetweentheSAPHANAsystems.ThenameofDUmustcontainonlycapitalletters(AZ),digits(09)andunderscores(_).9.Whatisaworkspace?Theplacewhereyouworkonprojectrelatedobjectsiscalledarepositoryworkspace.

10.Whatisapackageanditstypes?PackageisusedtogrouptogetherrelatedcontentobjectsinSAPHANAstudio.BydefaultitcreatesNonstructural.TypeDescriptionStructuralPackageonlycontainssubpackages.Itcannotcontainrepositoryobjects.NonStructuralPackagecontainsbothrepositoryobjectsandsubpackages.

11.Whatarethedefaultpackagesdeliveredwiththerepository?SapSystemlocal

Systemlocal.generatedSystemlocal.private

12.Whatcanbethemaximumlengthofapackagename?190charactersincludingdots.Example:RajKumar.pkg123

13.Whatarepackageprivileges?REPO.READ:Readaccesstotheselectedpackageanddesigntimeobjects(bothnativeandimported).REPO.EDIT_NATIVE_OBJECTS:Authorizationtomodifydesigntimeobjectsinpackagesoriginatinginthesystemtheuserisworkingin.REPO.ACTIVATE_NATIVE_OBJECTS: Authorization to activate/reactivate designtime objects in packageoriginatinginthesystemtheuserisworkingin.REPO.MAINTAIN_NATIVE_PACKAGES:Authorizationtoupdateordeletenativepackagesorcreatesubpackagesofpackagesoriginatinginthesysteminwhichtheuserisworking.

14.Howeachobjectisuniquelyidentifiedintherepository?Eachobjectisuniquelyidentifiedbythecombinationofpackagename,objectnameandobjecttype.

15.Canmultipleobjectsofthesametypecanhavethesameobjectname?Yes,onlywhentheybelongtodifferentpackages.

16.WhatarethedifferenttasksyoucanperforminsettingupthebasispersistencemodelforSAPHANAXS?CreatingSchema,CreatingTable,CreatingView,CreatingSequenceandImportingtablecontent.

17.Whatarethedifferenttasksyoucanperforminmodelerperspective?Import metadata, Load data, Create packages, Create information views, Create Procedures, Create Analyticalprivileges,ImportSAPNetWeaverBWobjects,CreateDecisionTables,ImportandExportobjects.

18.Whatarethesupportedobjecttypesinmodelerperspective?Attribute views, Analytical views, Calculation views, Analytical privileges, Procedures, Decision tables, ProcessVisibilityScenario.

19.Whatarethedifferentmodelerpreferencesandhowdoyouset?YoucansetthemodelerpreferencesbychoosingthemenuWindowPreferencesModeler(or)QuicklaunchManagePreferences.

20.WhytoconfigureImportserver?InordertoloaddatadatafromexternalsourcestoSAPHANAweneedtoestablishaconnectionwiththeserver.Toconnect, we need to provide details of Business Objects Data Services repository and ODBC drivers. Once theconnectionisestablished,wecanimportthetablesdefinitionandthenloaddataintotabledefinitions.

QuicklaunchConfigureImportServerEntertheIPaddressoftheserverfromwhichyouwanttoimportdataEntertherepositorynameEntertheODBCdatasource,andchooseOK.

21.HowtoImporttabledefinitions?Ifyouwanttoimportalltabledefinitions,GotoFilemenuChooseImportExpandtheSAPHANAContentnodeChooseMassImportofMetadataandchoosenextSelectthetargetsystemwhereyouwanttoimportallthetabledefinitions,andchoosenextIntheConnectionsDetailsDialog,entertheusernameandpasswordofthetargetsystemSelecttherequiredsourcesystemandchooseFinish.Note:IfyouwanttoimportselectivetabledefinitionsuseSelectiveImportofMetadata.22.Howtoloaddataintotables?QuickLaunchDataProvisioningChooseSourceChooseLoad(forInitialload)orReplicate(fordatareplication)SelecttherequiredtablestoloadorreplicateClickFinish.

23.HowtouploaddatafromFlatfiles?FilemenuImportIn'SelectanImportSource'section,expandthe'SAPHANAContent'nodeSelect'DatafromLocalfile'andchooseNextSelecttheTargetsystemtowhichyouwanttoimportthedatausingFlatfile,chooseNextIn'DefinePropertiesImportPage'browsethefilecontainingthedataSelect'New'option(Ifyouwanttoloadthedataintoanewtable)orSelectthe'Existing'option(Ifyouwanttoappendthedatatoanexistingtable)ClickFinish.

24.HowtocopystandardcontentdeliveredbySAP?QuickLaunchMassCopyCreateamappingbetweensourcepackageandtargetpackage

ChooseNexttoviewthesummaryClickFinishtoconfirmcontentcopy.

25.WhatisSchemamapping?HowdoyoudoSchemamapping?Schemamappingisdonewhenthephysicalschemainthetargetsystemisnotthesameasthephysicalschemainthesourcesystem.

QuickLaunchSchemaMappingChooseAddCreateamappingintheTargetsystembetweentheAuthoringschemaandPhysicalschemaClickOK.

Note:Schemamappingonlyappliestoreferencesfromrepositoryobjectstocatalogonjects.Itisnotintendedtobeusedforrepositorytorepositoryreferences.

26.Inwhichconfigurationtable,themappingbetweenauthoringandphysicalschemaisstored?SYS_BI.M_SCHEMA_MAPPING

27.What'sthepurposeofGeneratingTimeData?Ifyoumodela timeattributeviewwithoutgenerating timedata,anemptyviewwillbeshownwhenyouusedatapreview.TogenerateTimeDatagotoQuickLaunchGenerateTimeDataIfyourfinancialyearisfromJanuarytoDecember,Choose'CalenderType'asGregorianelseFiscalClickGenerate.

28.Inwhichconfigurationtablethegeneratedtimedatainformationwillbestored?ForGregoriancalendartype(SYS_BI)M_TIME_DIMENSION_YEARM_TIME_DIMENSION_MONTHM_TIME_DIMENSION_WEEKM_TIME_DIMENSIONForFiscalM_FISCAL_CALENDAR

29.WhatisanAttribute?Attributerepresentsthedescriptivedatausedinmodeling.Example:City,Country,etc.

30.WhatisaSimpleAttribute?Simple attributes are individual analytical elements that are derived from the data foundation. For exampleProduct_ID,Product_NameareattributesofaProductsubjectarea.

31.WhatisaCalculatedAttribute?Calculatedattributesarederived fromoneormoreexistingattributesor constants.For examplederiving the fullnameof a customer (first nameand last name), assigning a constant value to an attribute that can be used forarithmeticcalculations.

32.WhatisaPrivateAttribute?Privateattributesusedinananalyticalviewallowyoutocustomizethebehaviorofanattributeforonlythatview.Forexampleifyoucreateananalyticalviewandyouwantaparticularattributetobehavedifferentlythanitdoesintheattributeviewtowhichitbelongs,youcandefineitasaprivateattribute.

33.WhatisaMeasure?MeasuresaresimplemeasurableanalyticalelementsandarederivedfromAnalyticandCalculationviews.

34.WhatisaSimpleMeasure?SimpleMeasureisameasurableanalyticalelementthatisderivedfromthedatafoundation.

35.WhatisaCalculatedMeasure?Calculated Measures are defined based on a combination of data from OLAP cubes, arithmetic operators,constants,andfunctions.

36.WhatisaRestrictedMeasure?RestrictedmeasuresareusedtofilterthevalueforanoutputfieldbasedontheuserdefinedrulesForexampleyoucanrestricttherevenuecolumnonlyforRegion=APJ,Year=2013.

37.WhatareCounters?CountersaddanewmeasuretotheCalculationviewdefinitiontocounttherecurrenceofanattribute.Forexample,tocounthowmanytimesProductappears.

38.WhatisanAttributeView?Attribute views are used tomodel entity based on the relationships between attribute data contained inmultiplesourcetables.YoucanmodelColumns,CalculatedcolumnsandHierarchies.

AlsoyoucanfinetunetheattributesofanAttributeview:CanapplyfiltertorestrictvaluesCanbedefinedasHiddensothattheycanbeprocessedbutnotvisibletoendusersCanbedefinedaskeyattributesandusedwhenjoiningmultipletables

Canbefurtherdrilldownby'DrillDownEnable'property.

39.WhatarethetablestobeimportedforcreatingattributeviewoftypeTime?T009andT009B.

40.WhatisLabelMapping?We can choose to associate an attribute with another attribute description. Label mapping is also called asDescriptionmapping. For example if A1has a label columnB1, then you can renameB1 toA1.description. Therelatedcolumnsappearsidebysideduringdatapreview.

41.WhathappenswhenoneofthetableinAttributeviewhasmodifiedcolumnwithdatatype?It reflects thepreviousstateof thecolumns,even ifyou removeandadd itagain. It is referring to thecache.Toresolvethisissueclosetheeditorandreopenit.

42.Whathappenswhenyouopenanattributeviewwithamissingcolumnintherequiredobject?Anerrorwill be shown column is not found in table schemaname.tablename and the editor doesnot open.Tomakeitconsistent

Opentherequiredobjectandaddthemissingcolumn/attribute/measuretemporarilyNowopentheobjectwhichwaspreviouslygivingerrorFindallreferencestothiscolumn,SavetheobjectNowgoaheadanddeletethecolumnfromtherequiredobject.

43.WhatisanAnalyticview?Analyticviewsareusedtomodeldatathatincludesmeasures.Incaseofmultipletables,measuresmustoriginatefrom only one of these tables (central table). You canmodelColumns,Calculated columns,Restricted columns,Variables,andInputparameters.

AlsoyoucanfinetunetheattributesofanAnalyticview:CanapplyfiltertorestrictvaluesCanbedefinedasHiddensothattheycanbeprocessedbutnotvisibletoendusersCanbedefinedaskeyattributesandusedwhenjoiningmultipletablesCanbefurtherdrilldownby'DrillDownEnable'propertyYoucanmodelAggregationtypeonmeasuresYoucanmodelCurrencyandUnitofMeasure.

44.CanweincludeAttributeviewsinAnalyticviewdefinition?Yes

45.WhatdoestheScenariopanelofAnalyticvieweditorcontains?DataFoundation:representsthetablesusedfordefiningthefacttableoftheview.Youcanspecifythecentraltablebyselectingavaluein'CentralEntity'property.LogicalJoin:representstherelationbetweenfacttableandattributeviewstocreatestartschema.Semantics:representstheoutputstructureoftheview.

46.Whatdoestheaggregationtype'CalculateBeforeAggregation'mean?Ifyouselect 'CalculateBeforeAggregation', thecalculationhappensasper theexpressionspecifiedandthentheresultsareaggregatedasSUM,MAX,MIN,orCOUNT. If it is NOTselected, thecalculationhappensasper theexpressionspecifiedbutthedataisnotaggregatedbutshownasFORMULA.

47.Howtoactivatetheotherobjects(requiredorimpactedobjects)alongwithcurrentobject?Byusing'SaveandActivateAll'optioninthetoolbar.

48.CanyouaddcolumnviewstoAnalyticviewandCalculationview?WecanaddcolumnviewsinaCalculationviewbutnotintheAnalyticview.

49.Consider there is a table that contains product ID'swith no product description and youhavea text table forproductsthathaslanguagespecificdescriptionforeachproduct?Howcanyougetthelanguagespecificdata?Createatextjoinbetweenthesetwotables.TherighttableshouldbethetexttableandismandatorytospecifytheLanguageColumninthe'Properties'view.

50.Whataretherestrictionswhilecreatingthejoinbetweentheviewsandfacttable?Atableshouldnotappeartwiceinanyjoinpath,i.e.Selfjoinisnotsupported.WhilecreatingjoinbetweenAnalyticviewandAttributeviewthesametablecannotbeusedinboththeviews.

51.WhatisCalculationview?Calculationviewismoreadvancedsliceofthedataandcanincludemeasuresfrommultiplesourceoftables,caninclude advancedSQL logic. The data foundation of the calculation view can include any combination of tables,columnviews,attributeviewsandanalyticviews.Wecancreatejoins,unions,projections,andaggregationlevelsonthesources.YoucanmodelAttributes,Measures,Calculatedmeasures,Counters,Hierarchies(createdoutsideoftheattributeview),VariablesandInputparameters.

52.Calculationviewsaremodeledbasedonwhat?GraphicalviewsorScriptedviewsbutnotasSQLScript.Howeverthereareexceptionstothisrule.SQLScriptwiththefollowingpropertiescanbeusedinCalculationview:

NoinputparametersAlwaysReadonly(donotmakechangestodatabase)Sideeffectfree.

53.Whataretheoptionavailablein'RunWith'whilecreatingcalculationview?Definer'sRight,Invoker'sRight.Definersright:Systemusestherightsofthedefinerwhileexecutingthevieworprocedureforanyuser.Invokersright:Systemusestherightsofthecurrentuserwhileexecutingthevieworprocedure.

54.WhilecreatingaGraphicalCalculationview,whataretheoptionsavailableinToolspalette?Union,Join,Projection,andAggregation.Note:YoucanhaveonlyonesourceofinputforProjectionandAggregationviews.YoucancreatefiltersonProjectionandAggregationviewattributes.

55.HowtocreateCountersinGraphicalCalculationview?Forexampletogetthenumberofdistinctvaluesofanattribute:GototheOutputpane,rightclickCountersFromthecontextmenu,chooseNewChooseAttributeClickok.

56.IsitmandatorytoincludemeasuresforCalculationview?No.Calculationviewcontainingnomeasuresworkslikeanattributeviewandisnotavailableforreportingpurposes.

57.HowdoyoudebugtheCalculationviewwithlotofcomplexityateachlevel?Bypreviewingthedataofanintermediatenode.

58.WhatisMappinginputparameterinCalculationview?It isused formapping the inputparameters in theunderlyingdatasourcesof thecalculationviewwithcalculationviewparameters.

59.Incalculationview,Whatistheoption'AutoMapbyName'usedfor?Itautomaticallycreatestheinputparameterscorrespondingtothesourceandperforma1:1mapping.

60.WhataretheoptionsavailableinSourceinputparameter?CreateNewMap1:1MapbyNameRemoveMapping

61.Consider there are two tables (Actual sales and Planned sales) with similar structures. I want to see thecombineddatainasingleviewbutatthesametimehowcanIdifferentiatethedatabetweenthesetwotables

Createaunionview(Graphical)betweenthetwotablesandhavea'Constantcolumn'indicatingconstantvalueslike'A'forActualsalesand'P'forPlannedsales.ThedefaultvaluefortheconstantcolumnisNULL.

62.WhatisaConstantcolumnandhowtocreateit?InaUnionview,aConstantcolumniscreatedfortheoutputattributesforwhichthereisnomappingtothesourceattributes.TocreateConstantcolumn:RightclicktheattributeinthetargetlistChooseManageMappingsTomapthesourcetothetargetcolumn,selecttherequiredsourcefromthedropdownlistToassignadefaultvaluetotheconstantcolumn,enteravalueintheConstantvaluefieldSelecttherequireddatatype,lengthandscaleasrequiredClickok.

63.WhatisthedifferencebetweenHANAVariableandInputparameter?HANAVariablesdonotimpacttheexecutionandusedtofiltertheattributes,forexamplewecanfilteraresulttoaspecificcountryorproductandareappliedintheWHEREclauseoftheSQLquery.HANAInputparametersusedtomanipulatetheexecutionoftheinformationmodel,forexamplecurrencycodesordateswhenexchangerateshavetobecalculatedandarepassedasPLACEHOLDERintheFROMclauseof theSQLquery.

64.Inwhichconfigurationtableyoucanfindthevariablesinformation?Youcanfindin_SYS_BIschemaBIMC_VARIABLEBIMC_VARIABLE_ASSIGNMENTBIMC_VARIABLE_VIEWBIMC_VARIABLE_VALUE

65.WhatarethedifferenttypesofInputparameterssupported?Attributevalue/ColumnCurrency(AvailableinCalculationviewonly)Date(AvailableinCalculationviewonly)StaticlistDerivedfromTable(AvailableinAnalyticandGraphicalCalculationview)Empty

DirectType(AvailableinAnalyticview)

66.Howcanyoucheckwhetheraninputparameterismandatoryornot?FromthepropertiesofInputparameterinthePropertiespane.

67.WhatisHierarchy?We create hierarchies between attributes to improve analysis by displaying attributes according to their definedrelationships.Therearetwotypesofhierarchies:

LevelHierarchy:Therootandchildnodesareaccessedonlyinthedefinedorder.Itconsistsofoneormorelevelsofaggregation.Example:WecandrilldownfromCountrytoStateandtoCityetc.

Parent/ChildHierarchy:Thishierarchycontainsaparentattributeandconstructedfromasingleparentattribute.Example:Employeemaster(employeeandmanager).

68.HowtocreateanhierarchyforAnalyticview?HierarchyisnotsupportedinAnalyticviewbutcanbeusedonlyinAttributeviewandCalculationview.

69.Whilecreatinghierarchy,whatdoestheoption'AggregateAllNodes'mean?ForexamplethereisamemberAwithvalue100,A1withvalue10,A2withvalue20whereA1andA2arechildrenofA.Bydefaulttheoption'AggregateAllNodes'issettofalseandyouwillseeavalueof30forA.Whenthisoptionissettotrue,youwillcountthepostedvalue100forAaswellandseearesultof130.

70.HowcanyougenerateaSalesreport foraregion inaparticularcurrencywhereyouhave thesalesdata inadatabasetableinadifferentcurrency?CreateanAnalyticviewbyselectingthetablecolumncontainingthesalesdataandcurrencyandperformcurrencyconversion.Oncetheviewisactivated,wecanuseittogeneratereports.

71.Whatarethefactorsthataffectcurrencyconversion?Currency conversion is performed based on source currency, target currency, exchange rate, and date ofconversion.Youcanselectcurrency from theattributedataused in theview.Currencyconversion isenabled forAnalyticviewandCalculationviews.

72.Whatistheprerequisitefordoingthecurrencyconversion?YouneedtoimporttablesTCURC,TCURF,TCURN,TCURR,TCURT,TCURV,TCURW&TCURX.

73.WhatistheprerequisiteforUnitofMeasure?YouneedtoimportthetablesT006&T006A.

74.Whathappenswhenyouactivateanobject?Theobjectisexposedtorepositoryandforanalysis.

75.WhatisthedifferencebetweenActivateandRedeploy?ActivateItdeploystheinactiveobjects.RedeployItdeploystheactiveobjects.Youdothiswhenruntimeobjectiscorruptedordeletedandyouwanttocreateitagain.ORwhentheobjectgoesthroughclientlevelactivationandserverlevelactivationbutfailsatMDX,andtheobjectstatusisstillactive.

76.Whatarethesupportedactivationmodes?ActivateandIgnoretheinconsistenciesinimpactedobjectsStopactivationincaseofinconsistenciesinimpactedobjects.

Irrespective of the activation mode, if even one of the selected objects fails (either during validation or duringactivation),thecompleteactivationjobfailsandnoneoftheselectedobjectswillbeactivated.

77.Canyouexplainthebehaviorofactivationjob?Thestatusoftheactivationjobindicateswhethertheactivationoftheobjectsissuccessfulorfailed.Incaseoffailure(statusiscompletedwitherrors)theprocessisrolledbackandnoneoftheobjectsareactivatedInthesummarypartthejoblogshowssuccess,eveninthecaseoffailure.Thisistohelptheusertoindicatethatthoseobjectsweresuccessfullyactivatedwithoutanyissues.Whenyouopenthejoblog,thesummarylistonlyshowsthoseobjectsthataresubmittedforactivation.Itdoesnotlistalltheaffectedobjects.Theyarelistedindetailsection.

78.WhatisaDecisiontable?It creates related business rules in a tabular format for automating the decisions. It helps inmanaging businessrules,datavalidation,dataquality ruleswithoutany languageknowledge.Theactiveversionof thedecision tablecanbeusedinapplications.

Youcreatedecisiontableinapackagejustlikeanyattributeview.Youcancreatefromscratchorfromanexistingdecisiontable.

79.Wheretoseethedetailedreportofthedecisiontable?Inthe'JobLog'sectionyoucanseethevalidationstatusanddetailedreportofthedecisiontable.

80.Howtoexecutethedecisiontable?Thedecisiontableisexecutedbycallingtheprocedure.

CALL.

CALL.(,...,,?)forConditionasparametersandActionasparameters.

Onexecutionof theprocedure, if noparametersareused thenphysical table isupdatedbasedon thedatayouenterintheformofconditionvaluesandactionvalues.

81.ArethereanyrestrictionsonDecisiontabletopreviewthedata?Datapreviewissupportedonlyif:DecisiontableisbasedonphysicaltableandhasatleastoneparameterasactionDecisiontableisbasedonInformationviewandparameter(s)asaction.

82.Howcanyouchangethelayoutofadecisiontable?Youcanchangethelayoutbyarrangingtheconditionandactioncolumns.Bydefaultall theconditionsappearasvertical columns in thedecision tableandyoucanmarkaconditionasahorizontal conditionunder theDecisiontableeditor,choose'ChangeLayout'.

83.Canyouswitchownershipofobjects?We can take the ownership of objects from other user's workspace only if it is inactive version of the objectAuthorizationrequired isWork inForeignWorkspace.Theactiveversion isownedby theuserwhocreatedandactivatedtheobject.

84.WhatisthedifferencebetweenSwitchOwnershipandTakeOver?SwitchOwnership:Totakemultipleinactiveobjectsfromotherusers.TakeOver:Totakesingleinactiveobjectfromanotherworkspace.

85.Youareworkingonainactiveversionofaobject.Howcanyouviewchangesmadetotheactiveversion?SelecttherequiredobjectinapackageyouareworkingFromthecontextmenu,choose'open'Intheeditorpane,choose'ShowActiveVersion'Comparetheactiveandinactiveversionsoftheobject.

86.Howcanyouviewtheversionhistoryofcontentobjects?SelecttherequiredobjectfromthepackageFromthecontextmenuchoose'History'.

87.WhatisRefactoringObject?RestructuringtheContentobjectswithoutchangingtheirbehavioriscallRefactoring.

88.WhataretheobjectseligibleforRefactoring?Packages,Attributeviews,Analyticviews,GraphicalCalculationviews,andAnalyticalPrivileges.

89.Howdoyouvalidatemodels?QuicklaunchmenuValidateFromthe'Available'list,selecttherequiredmodelsthatsystemmustvalidate.ChooseAddClickValidate.

90.Howdoyougeneratethedocumentationfortheobjectsyoucreated?By using 'Auto Documentation' which captures the details of an information model or a package in a singledocument.Processtocreateis:QuickLaunchAutoDocumentationIn'SelectContentType'choose'ModelDetails'OR'ModelList'AddtherequiredobjectstotheTargetlistBrowsethelocationwhereyouwanttosavethefileClickfinish.

91.Howtoidentifywhetheraninformationmodelisreferencedbyanyotherinformationmodel?Wecancheckthemodelreferencesbyusing'WhereUsed'.Processis:GotothepackageSelecttherequiredobjectFromthecontextmenu,choose'WhereUsed'.

92.WhatisthedifferenceamongRawData,DistinctvaluesandAnalysiswhiledoingtheDataPreview?RawData:Itdisplaysallattributesalongwithdataintabularformat.DistinctValues:Itdisplaysallattributesalongwithdataingraphicalformat.Analysis:Itdisplaysallattributesandmeasuresingraphicalformat.

93.Whatarethedifferenttypesoffunctionscanbeusedinexpressions?Conversion,String,Mathematical,DateandMiscfunctions.

if(SCORE>7,SELECTED,IF(SCORE>4,ONHOLD,REJECTED))returnsREJECTEDiftheSCOREis

7.WhatarethedifferenteditionsavailableinHANAappliancesoftware?PlatformandEnterpriseedition.Platformedition is intended forcustomerswhowant touseETLbased replicationandalreadyhavea license forSAPBODataServices.Enterprise edition is intended for customers who want to use either triggerbased replication or ETLbasedreplicationanddonotalreadyhaveallofthenecessarylicensesforSAPBODataServices.

8.WhatiscolumnarandRowBasedDataStorage?

Fig:RowandColumnbasedstorageAdatabase table containsdata in the formof rowsand columns.HoweverComputermemory is organizedasalinearstructure.Tostoreatableinlinearmemory,therearetwooptions.Arowbasedstoragestoresatableasasequenceofrecords,eachofwhichcontainsthefieldsofonerow.Inacolumnarstoragetheentriesofacolumnarestoredincontiguousmemorylocations.

The SAP HANA database allows to specify whether a table is to be stored columnwise or rowwise. It is alsopossibletoalteranexistingtablefromcolumnartorowbasedandviceversa.Searchoperationsintabulardatacanbeacceleratedbyorganizingdataincolumnsinsteadinrows.

9.WhataretheadvantagesofColumnbasedtables?Calculationsaretypicallyexecutedonsingleorafewcolumnsonly.Thetableissearchedbasedonvaluesofafewcolumns.Thetablehasalargenumberofcolumns.Thetablehasalargenumberofrowsandcolumnaroperationsarerequired(aggregate,scan,etc.).High compression rates can be achieved because the majority of the columns contain only few distinct values(comparedtonumberofrows).

10.WhataretheadvantagesofRowbasedtables?Theapplicationneedstoonlyprocessasinglerecordatonetime(manyselectsand/orupdatesofsinglerecords).Theapplicationtypicallyneedstoaccessacompleterecord(orrow).Thecolumnscontainmainlydistinctvaluessothatthecompressionratewouldbelow.Neitheraggregationsnorfastsearchingarerequired.Thetablehasasmallnumberofrows(e.g.configurationtables).

11.Inwhichcasethedatatobestoredincolumnarstorage?To enable fast onthefly aggregations, adhoc reporting, and to benefit from compression mechanisms it isrecommendedthattransactiondatatobestoredinacolumnbasedtable.

12.Isitpossibletojointablesofrowbasedwithcolumnbasedtables?Yes

13.Arecolumnbasedtablesalwaysthebetterchoicethanrowbasedtables?No.Therearealsosituationsinwhichrowbasedtablesareadvantageous.

14.WhataretheadvantagesofColumnartables?HigherDataCompressionRatesHigherPerformanceforColumnOperationsEliminationofAdditionalIndexesParallelizationEliminationofMaterializedAggregates

15.WhatarethedifferentCompressionTechniquesyouknow?RunlengthencodingClusterencodingDictionaryencoding

16.Whymaterializedaggregatesarenotrequired?Withascanningspeedofseveralgigabytespermillisecond,inmemorycolumnstores,makeitpossibletocalculateaggregateson largeamountsofdataontheflywithhighperformance.This isexpectedtoeliminatetheneedformaterializedaggregatesinmanycases.

17.WhataretheadvantagesofEliminatingmaterializedaggregates?Noadditionaltablesforstoringaggregateresultsmeans:SimplifieddatamodelSimplifiedapplicationlogicHigherlevelofconcurrencyandWiththeflyAggregationwehaveaggregatedvaluesuptodate

18.Whatisparallelization?Columnbasedstoragemakesiteasytoexecuteoperationsinparallelusingmultipleprocessorcores.Inacolumnstoredata isalreadyverticallypartitionedmeans thatoperationsondifferentcolumnscaneasilybeprocessed inparallel. Ifmultiple columnsneed to be searchedor aggregated, eachof theseoperations canbeassigned to adifferentprocessorcore. Inadditionoperationsononecolumncanbeparallelizedbypartitioning thecolumn intomultiplesectionsthatcanbeprocessedbydifferentprocessorcores(core3and4below).

GOR 11/29/20128:44pm

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pk 02/27/20139:24pm

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RajKumar 03/04/20134:53am

Verygoodquestions....doyouhaveanswersforthem..IamanewbeetoSAPHANA..Iwouldreallyappreciateitifyoucanemailmetheanswersforthis

Emailidgopalnreddy@gmail.com

Thesequestionsareveryhelpfulcanuplsprovidemetheanswersforthesequistionsindetail.....

Superquestionaire.Canyoupleasesendmetheanswersfortheabovequestions?

Verygoodquestions....doyouhaveanswersforthem..IamanewbeetoSAPHANA..Iwouldreallyappreciateitifyoucanemailmetheanswersforthis

Emailidsap4sandeep@gmail.comorsandeep_0536@yahoo.com

Couldyoupleasesendmetheanswerstothesequestion?

HiRaj...

IreallyappreciateyoutoprovideaHANAquestionsandanswers...Thankyouverymuch..iwillwaitforyournewquestionsandanswers..

thanksalotRaj.Theyareverynice

youdonegreatjobforus.thanks.

greatInfomustbeworkingforSapProductDevitself

IamjustSAPHANAConsultant.Thankstoallforlikingmyblog.

ThankYou

63Comments(http://rajkumarsap.weebly.com/interviewquestions/saphanainterviewquestions#comments)

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RamGoli 02/11/20144:22pm

Babu 03/28/201311:29am

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Jay 07/23/20138:22pm

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SKumar 08/02/20134:01am

HiRaj.

ThisisRam,IamanSAPOTCconsultantandIamplanningtogiveHANAcertification.Canyoushareyouremailidwithme?IhaveneedadviseonHANA.

ramcgoli@yahoo.com

itwasgreathelpforme

ThanksalotRajforyourvaluablequestionsandanswers.

Regards,RaghavendraG.

Raj,youareawesome,wearewaitingforyourremainingquestionsifpossiblepleasesend..thx

ThanksRaj,thisisofbighelp.Canyousendanyrelatedmaterial,answersetc?

Justclicksecondtab(HANAQuestions)inthesameblog

Thisisjustawesomestuff.Thankyouverymuchsir.Appreciablejob!

IwouldliketogetintouchwithpeoplelearningSAPHANA(orthosewhohavealreadydonethat).Emailme:jainpratik.dr@gmail.com

ASAPHANAtrainee.

verycreative&highlyknowledgeable,thanksforputtingforus.keepupthenicework.

hiRaj,

Greatwork.Coupleofquestions:

1.IncaseofSLT,wheredowedefinethetablesthatneedstobereplicated.IsitinSLTsystemorindataprovisioninginHANAstudio.

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Raj 08/07/20131:54am

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Subramanyam 08/05/201310:28am

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james 09/12/20132:37pm

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Venu 02/11/20145:43am

2.IncaeofSLTwedefinetransformationrulesinAdvancedreplicationsettings.IsitbywayofcodinginSE38orsomethingelse?3.CanyouplsthrowmorelightifposisbleonFORloopanditsusage.

Hi,

1.InSLTafteryoucreateconfiguration,inHANAstudioyoucanfindentryforalltablesofsourcesysteminDD02Ltableofyourreplicationschema.Noneedtoexclusivelydefinetablenames.

2.WedefineadvancereplicationsettingsusingIUUC_REPL_CONTENTjustlikeweuseLTRforcreatingconf.

3.IfyouhavegoodknowledgeonABAPthenyoumayfamiliarwithFORusage.Youcangoogleonforthesame.

RegardsRaj

GreatjobRaj!!!itsreallyhelpfulforwhoarenewtoSAPHANA

ThumbswayupRaj!!Thanksfortheexcellentblog.

Hi,DoyoualsotrainSAPHANAandSAPBusinessObjects?I'mveryinterestedinbothmodules.Pleaseletknowmeifyou'reorhaveanysuggestions,ormaterialsthatcanhelpmetodoselfstudy.

AreyoulocatedintheStates?

Thanksmuch!

HiRaj,

ThanksforletusknowaboutSAPHANA.

MuchAppreciated.

Goodjobdude,

Awesome!!ThanksRajkeepupthegoodwork!

GreatJob..Thanks

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RaviChandra 03/01/20149:09pm

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RaviChandra 03/08/20148:19am

Avijit 03/25/20147:21pm

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ram 04/24/20149:17am

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(http://vakansiyainjenerpouchetu

yenergoresursov.rabotavakansii.com)

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05/14/201411:18pm

Raj 06/18/20143:48am

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Orlando 05/29/201410:01am

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Rajiv 05/30/20149:54pm

GoodWork!!

HeyReallyitawesome..!!!IfpossiblecanyoupleaseprovidethepossiblequestiononSP07bycomparingpreviousversionswehavesomanynewfeaturesinthatright!AndItishelpfulifyouprovideonreportingalsobecauseHANAwillsupportonBO4.0onwardsandinBO4.1onwardswecanuseHANAModelingobjectsdirectlyonreportingtoolsnoneedtocreatemodels(Universe).

HeyReallyAwesomeIappreciatedyourwork,..PleaseuptodatethissitewithlatestfeaturesrelatedtoHANA,itwillhelpfulforustocracktheinterviewright!.Wecanalsodosomeresearchandhelpinthisifneed(butnotrealtimescenarios,untilgetintoHANAplatform)..SharingIdeas/Experiencesisgoodtoimprovingtheknowledge..

Ravi,

Iwilltrytokeepupdatemyblogasthetimepermitsmetodoso.

RegardsRaj

ThankYou..VeryMuch!

HelloRaj,

nicearticle.couldpostsomeinfo'sonreportingaswell.?

thanksAvi

AreyougivinganytrainingonHANAAdministration?

*Nicepost.Ilearnsomethingfarmorechallengingondifferentblogseveryday.Itwillalwaysbestimulatingtoreadcontentmaterialfromotherwritersandpracticeabitsomethingfromtheirstore.Idprefertousesomewiththecontentmaterialonmyblogwhetheryoudontmind.NatuallyIllgiveyoualinkonyourwebweblog.Thanksforsharing.

Yesyoucan.

HiRaj,Ihopeyouareverywell,Iwouldliketodoabackupinhana,butspecifyingthedatabaseasascheduledjobfromhdbsqlorhanastudio.

Thankyou

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araniconsulting(http://www.araniconsulting.com) 06/23/201411:06am

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amol 07/08/20144:33am

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Krishna 02/10/201511:07pm

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Sathish 08/21/20145:56am

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Kranti 09/01/20141:17am

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Raju 09/05/201412:23am

hiRaj,yourpostingishelpingus,ineedonehelpfromyou,isitpossiblemeanssharesomelinkforcalculationviewcreationsusingsqlscripting.

wearelookingforhanaadmintrainer,contactusifyouareinterested.

Hi...

IamworkingonSAPHANA64bitonlinux,MyDTWwasunabletoinstallthere,Thereisalso32bit&64bitDTWinstalled&WhenIwastryingitfor64bit,ItonlyshowsSQL2008/SQL2012butIwana"HANADB"there.WheneverItrytoinstallit,showsnothing.

ThenIwasalsotriedSAPHANAStudiotoImportdatafromcommadenominatedcsv&Commanexcelfiles.ButThereistomuchlimitationsindatamapping&NonEditabledatainSAPHANASTUDIO,SoIwasunabletodoanysingalentrythroughIt,

Iwasgoingtomanualentrywheremysystemdidn'tshowscompaniesaddressforsaphanamanytimes&Itisverytimeconsuming

Iwantapropersolutionindetails,Whichwayismorecomfortableandsuitablefornovicelikeme.

Thanks/Regards

Amol.

Hi,

Youcaninstallstudiotoaccessdatabase.ButtoinstallHANADByouneedSAPcertifiedhardwarevendor.AnditsinstallonLinuxSUSEonly.

veryniceRajgoodwork

Amazingstuff!!!ThanksatrillionRaj...:)

Hi,

Reallyappreciableforthequestions.pleasesharethatforme,itwillhelpmetoclarifymydoubtsandhelpfulformyinterviews

ThisisreallyaveryGoodstuffforbeginners.

HiRaj,Itwasawesomework.Thanksyousomuch.Welldone.ActuallyAmSAPBODSconsultantandnewlystartedHana.HowIcancontact.CouldyoupleaseletmeknowPLease.

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sarov 09/08/20145:19am

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SAPGRCONLINETRAINING(http://sapgrconlinetraining.in/) 09/25/20142:22am

hairajreallygrtjob...coulduplsshareurmailID..ihavetonsofdoubt...iknowurhanawikipedia..

HiSarov,

YoucanpostanyHANAdoubtinSCNforumhttp://scn.sap.com/community/hanainmemory.

Manyexpertswillanswerbesidesme.

RegardsRaj

Hi,Keepupthegoodwork.Thisisverygoodquestionsandthankyouforsharingitwitheveryone.

HiRajgaru,Howru,Iamsubbareddy,workedincognizant,Irememberyouifiamnotwrong,youalsoworkedincognizantinmainframe.Pleasegivemeyourcontactnumber.Thanks,Subbareddy.B

HiRaj,

Icameacrossyourblog,itreallygoodandIreallyappreciateyourwork.IfyoucouldpostsomeinterviewquestionsonHANAsecurityside&Backup.Itwouldbeagreathelpforpeoplelikeme.

Rgds,Anand

HiAnand,

Iaddedtomylist.Willaddwhenifindthetime.

RegardsRaj

HiSubbaReddy,

Dropmeyouremailsothaticansendmynumber.

RegardsRaj

hisir,niceinfoonsapInstitutes,thanks.BestPostaboutSAPCoursesandtheTraining.HelpstheperuserstoimproveinformationonCurrentSAPTechnologies.

Reply

SimhaNagaraj 10/01/201412:01pm

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Raj 10/30/201411:22pm

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MadhusudanaRao 12/21/20145:25am

Reply

Sankar 01/13/20153:53am

Reply

Nabi 01/29/20154:37am

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sudarshan 02/03/20159:33pm

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MuralidharReddy 02/08/20159:31pm

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raj 02/21/20158:59am

HiRaj,

ThanksforpostingSAPHANAFAQ'S,Canyoupleaseprovidemethebothquestionandanswers,soitwillbehelpmetotakethemockinterviewsformyconsultant.

pleasecanyouhelpmeonthis!!

Thanks,

Ricky

HiRicky,

Alreadyquestionsandanswersareprovidedinthisblog.

RegardsRaj

verynice,ithelpalot

HANAques

canuplzuploaddoconcalculationview(sqlprocedureformat)

HIRaj,

itsreallyawonderfulstuffandyouhavegivenagreatinfoinyourblog

Couldyoupleasesharemecontactdetails,sothatIcantouchbasewithyouforqueries

HiRaj,

WhatisthewayofcreatingrowtablewithdefaultvaluesofcolumnsinHANA?

Iamnotabletocreateorgatheranyinformationonthis.

thanksMurali

HiRaj,canyousendmerealtimesapBIQ&A?

Thankyou

Reply

raj 02/21/20159:00am

Reply

sreenureddy 03/09/20159:34pm

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HiRaj,canyousendmerealtimesapBIQ&A?

Thankyou

Couldyoupleaseadvisewhythekeymeasureswewillgiveinattributeviews.

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