Sample Guidelines: Cumulative Environmental Impact ...· ii Sample Guidelines: Cumulative Enviromental

WORLD BANK

Sample Guidelines: Cumulative EnvironmentalImpact Assessment for Hydropower Projects in Turkey

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Sample Guidelines:

Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment

for

Hydropower Projects in Turkey

December 2012

Ankara

DISCLAIMER

ESMAP ACKNOWLEDGEMENTESMAP MISSION

ESMAP COPYRIGHT DISCLAIMER

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

List of Boxes

List of Abbreviations

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Objectives and Target Group

1.2. Scope and Relation to EIA Legislation/Process

1.3. Structure of the Guideline

2. CEIA FUNDAMENTALS

2.1. Definition of Cumulative Impacts

2.2. Overview of Basic Concepts

2.2.1. Valued Ecosystem Components (VECs)

2.2.2. Area of Influence

2.2.3. Limits of Acceptable Change (LAC)

2.3. Integrating CEIA into the Project-Level EIA Process

3. KEY TASKS IN CEIA STUDIES

3.1. CEIA Framework

3.2. Scoping

3.2.1. Definition of Project Activities

3.2.2. Identification of Area of Influence

3.2.3. Selection of VECs

3.2.4. Identification of Activities Affecting the Same VECs

3.2.5. Determination of PSS and LAC

3.3. Baseline Studies and Impact Assessment

3.3.1. Baseline Studies

3.3.2. Identification of Impacts

3.3.3. Impact Assessment

3.4. Mitigation Measures

3.5. Evaluation of Significance

3.6. Monitoring and Follow-Up

4. METHODS AND TOOLS FOR CEIA STUDIES

4.1. Overview of Assessment Methods and Tools

4.2. Selection of Assessment Methods and Tools

4.3. Use of Methods and Tools for Different CEIA Tasks

5. PREPARATION AND REPORTING OF CEIA STUDIES

5.1. Reporting of CEIA Findings

5.2. Key Criteria for Best Practice

5.3. CEIA Checklist

REFERENCES

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ii Sample Guidelines: Cumulative Enviromental Impact Assessment for Hydropower Projects in Turkey

List of TablesTable 4 - 1 Overview of Assessment Methods and Tools for CEIA Studies

Table 4 - 2 Applicability of Assessment Methods and Tools for Different CEIA Tasks

List of FiguresFigure 4 - 1 Focusing on Impacts on VECs

List of BoxesBox 1 Sample VECs for a Hydropower Project

Box 2 Steps for CEIA and Unique Tasks for Each Step

Box 3 Scoping of Cumulative Impacts

Box 4 Associated Facilities

Box 5 Area of Influence and Project Activities for Hydropower Projects

Box 6 Area of Influence of HEPP Projects on Upper Ceyhan River

Box 7 Setting Spatial Boundaries in CEIA

Box 8 Habitat-based VEC Identification

Box 9 Sample VEC Table for HEPP Projects on Ceyhan River

Box 10 Selection of Other Actions

Box 11 Selected Actions for CEIA of HEPP Projects on Ceyhan River

Box 12 Critical Habitats Criteria

Box 13 Sample Legal Register

Box 14 Sample Project-Specific Standards

Box 15 Ecosystem Evaluation and Water Use Rights Studies

Box 16 Evaluation Matrix Used for HEPP Projects on Ceyhan River

Box 17 Scenarios for HEPP Projects on Ceyhan River

Box 18 Impact Assessment Tools for CEIA

Box 19 Impact Identification and Assessment Table/Matrix

Box 20 No Net Loss as a Mitigation Measure

Box 21 Analysis of Residual Impact (Impact Remaining after Mitigation)

Box 22 Sample Monitoring Program in the Scope of CEIA for a HEPP Project

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iiiSample Guidelines: Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment for Hydropower Projects in Turkey

List of AbbreviationsCEIA Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment

EBRD European Bank of Reconstruction and Development

EC European Commission

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EU European Union

GIS Geographic Information Systems

HEPP Hydroelectric Power Plant

IAIA International Association for Impact Assessment

IFC International Finance Corporation

IFI International Finance Institution

LAC Limits of Acceptable Change

MoEU Ministry of Environment and Urbanization

MoFWA Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs

PSS Project Specific Standards

SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment

VEC Valued Ecosystem Component

WPCR Water Pollution Control Regulation

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis study was undertaken jointly by the World Bank and the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, General

Directorate of Environmental Impact Assessment, Permitting and Auditing. The World Bank team included

Esra Arkan (ECSEN, Task Manager), Gerhard Dieterle (AES), Aziz Bouzaher (ECSEN), brahim Haluk eriba

(consultant, editor), Dndar Emre Kaya (consultant, editor), Shinya Nishimura (ECSEG), lker Karamullaolu

(ECCU6) and Bilgen Kahraman (ECCU6). We want to thank to General Directorate of Environmental Impact

Assessment, Permitting and Auditing staff for their great leadership and contributions. The study also benefited

from significant contributions from the General Directorates of Water Management, Nature Conservation and

National Parks, and State Hydraulic Works of the Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs.

Overall guidance was provided by Kulsum Ahmed (ECSEN, Sector Manager), Ranjit Lamech (ECSEG, Sector

Manager), and Martin Raiser (Country Director, ECCU6). The team benefited from the valuable comments from

Agi Kiss (ECSOQ), Rikard Liden (TWIWA), and Wolfhart Pohl (AFTSG).

Special thanks to ESMAP (Energy Sector Management Assistance Program) for providing the funds for the

realization of this study and for their continuous support.

Introduction1

2 Sample Guidelines: Cumulative Enviromental Impact Assessment for Hydropower Projects in Turkey

Introduction

Guidelines to Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment (CEIA) has been prepared within the scope of a CEIA technical assistance study (CEIA study) supported by the World Bank. The CEIA study was developed based on the need to

assess the cumulative impacts of hydropower projects in Turkey and was conducted

in coordination and cooperation with the relevant departments of the Ministry of

Environment and Urbanization (MoEU) and the Ministry of Forestry and Water

Affairs (MoFWA).

The Government of Turkey promoted investments in hydroelectric power plant

(HEPP) projects as a policy priority in response to concerns about the environmental

and climate change impact of other power generation technologies, as well as

with an eye to compliance with EU regulations and targets. The rapid growth in

investments raises concerns about the associated impacts (such as minimum

environmental flow, temporary/permanent roads opened for the investment, etc.)

and the significance of the cumulative impact of multiple HEPP projects on the river

basins.

3Sample Guidelines: Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment for Hydropower Projects in Turkey

Introduction

1.1 OBJECTIVES AND TARGET GROUPThe general objectives of the guidelines are to improve or strengthen the EIA process and

implementation, provide support for studies related to Strategic Environmental Assessment

(SEA) Regulation and future SEA processes, and promote the sustainable development of

natural resources as well as enhance basin management planning. The specific objectives

of the guidelines are the following:

Provide an overview of the current understanding of the practice of CEIA;

Establish the foundation for CEIA studies to be conducted;

Enhance the quality and content of project-level EIAs by incorporating cumulative

impact assessment considerations;

Provide guidance on CEIA scope and methodology;

Improve the scoping and reviewing processes; and

Inform all relevant stakeholders.

The target group consists of all relevant stakeholders, and in particular experts from the

MoEU, consultants who carry out EIAs, members of the review committees, and project

owners.

1.2 SCOPE AND RELATION TO EIA LEGISLATION/PROCESSThe target group consists of all relevant stakeholders, and in particular experts from the

MoEU, consultants who carry out EIAs, members of the review committees, and project

owners.

4 Sample Guidelines: Cumulative Enviromental Impact Assessment for Hydropower Projects in Turkey

Introduction

This guidance document aims to assist with the execution of CEIAs within the scope of

the EIA process. It is not a legal document and should not be used to supplement EIA (and

future SEA) legislation. The guidelines is not intended to be formal or prescriptive, but is

designed to help EIA practitioners or consultants develop a pro