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Salva tabataZe

naTia nacvliSvili

interkulturuli ganaTleba

2008

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samecniero redaqtori: nino cincaZe

sakonsultacio sabWo: sofo gorgoZe paata sirbilaZe

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: Tamar goderZiSvili

© maswavlebelTa profesiuli ganviTarebis centri

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ganaTlebis internacionalizacia 21-e sauku-nis umniSvnelovanes amocanad iqca aramarto sagan-manaTleblo dawesebulebebisTvis, aramed samTavro-bo struqturebisTvisac. Gglobalizaciis procesi, sabazro ekonomikisa da konkurentuli bazris pi-robebi ganaTlebis internacionalizaciis mTavari faqtorebia. aseT viTarebaSi, saganmanaTleblo sistemisa da dawesebulebebis socialuri pasuxismge-blobaa, Seqmnas iseTi saswavlo procesi, romelic moamzadebs da gaxdis moswavles konkurentunarians saerTaSoriso SromiT bazarze. Sesabamisad, saswav-lo procesma unda uzrunvelyos iseTi moqalaqis Camoyalibeba, romelic mzad iqneba, icxovros multi-kulturul da mravalferovan msoflioSi da imuSaos multikulturul da mravalferovan SromiT dawese-bulebebSi. yovelive amis aucilebel winapirobas ki interkulturuli ganaTleba warmoadgens.

Sesavali

socialuri urTierTobebis Sedegad, adamian-Ta garkveuli jgufi iziarebs erTmaneTis codnas, damokidebulebebs, Rirebulebebsa da rwmenas da aya-libebs RirebulebaTa ierarqias. ase iqmneba kultu-ra. Tumca RirebulebaTa es ierarqiac SesaZlebelia Seicvalos droTa ganmavlobaSi.

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mniSvnelovania, rom Tavad termini kultura da masTan dakavSirebuli swavla-swavlebis Tematikis ganxilva xSirad iwvevs debatebs, radgan am ter-mins yvela Taviseburad aRiqvams. aqedan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia, SevexoT kulturisa da sas-wavlo procesis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxebs.

Kkulturas swavlobs araerTi samecniero dis-ciplina, magaliTad, anTropologia, sociologia, ganaTlebis mecnierebebi, fsiqologia, biznes-ekono-mika da samxedro mecnierebebic ki. Tuki yvela am samecniero dargs gadavxedavT, termin `kulturis~ asobiT gansxvavebuli ganmarteba Segvxvdeba. ra Tqma unda, yvela es ganmarteba ar aris adekvaturi saswavlo procesisa da kulturis uSualod da-sakavSireblad. Tumca, am ganmartebebs aerTianebs is, rom `kultura aris adamianebis mier Seqmnili gare-mo~. kultura gamoxatavs adamianis fiqrebs, ideebs, adamianTaSorisi urTierTobebis maxasiaTeblebs. igi aris socialuri qmedebebis, rwmenis, xelovnebis, sazogadoebrivi institutebis mTlianoba, romelic Seqmnilia adamianTa garkveuli jgufis Sromisa da fiqris Sedegad. kulturis mTavar Semadgenel el-ementebad moiazreba geografiuli mdebareoba, eTni-kuri kuTvnileba, ena, religia da istoria.

sxvadasxva sociokulturuli jgufi samyaros sxvadasxvanairad aRiqvams da amis mixedviT yalib-deba gansxvavebuli kulturuli rwmenebi da damok-idebulebebi. kulturas xSirad adareben aisbergs. wylis zedapirze aisbergis mxolod 10%-is danaxvaa SesaZlebeli, xolo aisbergis 90 % wyalSia dama-luli. aisbergis msgavsad, kulturis yvelaze Si-naarsobrivi nawilia SeumCneveli da mas kulturis

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subieqtur nawils uwodeben, xolo xilul nawils – obieqturs.

kulturis subieqturi komponentebi aris kul-turis vizualurad da materialurad SeumCneveli aspeqtebi, kerZod, damokidebulebebi, Rirebulebebi, qcevis wesebi da normebi, swavlis stili, socialuri rolebis ierarqia da a.S. xSirad swored kulturis subieqturi aspeqtebi warmoqmnis interkulturul gaugebrobebs da swored maTze unda moxdes foku-sireba multikulturuli Tu interkulturuli ganaTlebis dros.

kulturis obieqturi komponentebi moicavs jgufisaTvis damaxasiaTebel vizualurad da mate-rialurad xelSesaxeb elementebs, magaliTad, enas, romelzec laparakoben; tradiciebsa da ritualebs, romelTac icaven; tansacmels, romelsac atareben; saWmels, romelsac miirTmeven da a.S. yvela es el-ementi advilad SesamCnevia da maTi danaxva yvelas Tanabrad SeuZlia. swored obieqturi kulturis elementebi igulisxmeba xSirad, rodesac saubaria kulturul gansxvavebebze.

dadgenilia kulturuli identobis, TviTmyo-fadobis Tormeti wyaro, romelic gavlenas axdens swavla-swavlebis procesze (ix. sqema gv. 6).

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kuSneri, makklilandi, safordi, 2006, gv. 70

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ra Tqma unda, am Tormet wyaros gaaCnia gadakve-Tis wertilebi. individis kulturuli identoba (Rirebulebebi, rwmena, codna, unarebi, damokidebule-bebi) yalibdeba am Tormeti wyaros mimarT arsebuli gamocdilebiT. EaRniSnul gamocdilebas ki individi iseT sazogadoebriv struqturebTan, socialur in-stitutebTan urTierTobiT iZens, rogoricaa ojaxi, eklesia, samuSao adgili, skola, mediasaSualebebi da a.S. (ix. sqema). ase yalibdeba individis kulturuli codna.

kuSneri, makklilandi, safordi, 2006, gv. 76

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mniSvnelovania, ganvsazRvroT, ras niSnavs so-cializacia da ra etapebs moicavs igi. socializa-cia aris procesi, romlis meSveobiTac individi eu-fleba ama Tu im konkretuli jgufisaTvis misaReb normebs. es normebi SeiZleba moicavdes enis swav-las, socialuri rolebis codnas da am rolebis Sesabamis qmedebas, fizikuri da socialuri garemos aspeqtebis specifikur aRqmasa da gaazrebas.

socializaciis procesi sam etapad iyofa:

1) bavSvis aRzrda ojaxis an sxva momvlelis mier;

2) procesSi iseTi socialuri institutebis CarTva, rogoricaa skola, samezoblo, TanatolTa wre, televizia, eklesia da a.S.

3) zrdasrulTa socializacia, romelic gu-lisxmobs zrdasruli adamianis axal socialur rolebTan Tu situaciebTan adaptacias. aseTi tipis socializacias ganekuTvneba, magaliTad, qorwineba, mSoblis funqciebis gaTaviseba, sacxovreblad sxva qveyanaSi wasvla, axal samuSaoze gadasvla da a.S.

aucilebelia, rom pedagogma gaiTvaliswinos socializaciis etapebis specifika da is, Tu ra axdens gavlenas, zogadad, socializaciis procesze (mag. fizikuri Taviseburebebi). rogorc amerikeli filosofosi jon diui aRniSnavs, swavla yvelaze efeqturia maSin, rodesac igi im codnidan iwyeba, romelic bavSvs ukve gaaCnia. Sesabamisad, maswavle-blisTvis mniSvnelovania, icodes aramxolod kul-turuli socializaciis zogadi aspeqtebi, aramed unda icnobdes TiToeuli moswavlis kulturul

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maxasiaTeblebs, romlis farglebSic xdeboda maTi socializacia.

M kulturuli codnis dagrovebis procesis ufro kargad aRsaqmelad gTavazobT sqemas, sadac Sejamebulia es procesi da gviCvenebs misM MM kom-pleqsurobas, gansakuTrebiT multikulturul sa-zogadoebaSi.

kuSneri, makklilandi, safordi, 2006, gv. 85

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rogorc sqemebidan Cans, kulturis wyaroebi socializaciis sxvadasxva institutis meSveobiT ayalibeben individis kulturul identobas. mniS-vnelovania, maswavleblebs axsovdeT, rom kulturu-li identoba mkveTrad gansxvavebulia rogorc sxvadasxva, aseve erTi da imave kulturis Signi-Tac. kulturulma sxvaobebma SeiZleba warmoSvas garkveuli gaugebroba an konfliqti skolasa Tu swavlebis procesSi. interkulturuli ganaTleba xels uwyobs, erTi mxriv, gaugebrobebis aRmofxvrasa da acilebas da, meore mxriv, SesaZlebels xdis, rom kulturuli sxvaobebi pedagogma klasSi gamoiye-nos, rogorc resursi ufro efeqturi da saintereso saswavlo garemos Sesaqmnelad. interkulturuli midgoma aucilebeli pirobaa imisa, rom maswav-lebeli iyos yvela moswavlis maswavlebeli da aramxolod im moswavleTa maswavlebeli, romlebic ufro axlos dganan mis kulturul identobasTan.

umciresobebi termini `umciresoba~ sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiT

SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli: adgilis, enis, religi-isadmi kuTvnilebis niSniT, magram yvelaze xSir-ad masSi moiazreba adamianebis garkveuli jgufi, romelic gansxvavebul kulturul arealSi didi xnis (xSirad saukuneebis) ganmavlobaSi cxovrobs.

miuxedavad imisa, rom kulturuli Tu sxva sax-is sxvaobebis sakiTxi yovelTvis aqtualuri iyo, globalizaciis procesma umciresobaTa warmomad-genel moswavleebTan dakavSirebuli saganmanaTle-blo midgomebi mniSvnelovnad Secvala.

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mravalferovneba, romelic jgufebsa Tu indi-videbSi vlindeba, damaxasiaTebelia nebismieri sa-zogadoebisTvis. mravalferovneba, iqneba es individ-ualuri, kulturuli, religiuri da a.S. saWiroebs am sxvaobebis aRqmisa da miRebis unars, romelic gamoricxavs konfliqts, Zaladobas, zogadad, ada-mianis uflebebis Selaxvas da xels uwyobs Tana-mSromlobiTi da keTilganwobili garemos Camoya-libebas. ganaTlebis interkulturuli midgomebic, romelic swored mravalferovnebazea agebuli, moicavs `harmoniuli Tanacxovrebis” swavlebasa da demokratiuli cnobierebis principebs da mimarTu-lia mSvidobiani, antidiskriminaciuli urTierTobe-bis Camoyalibebisaken.

evropis umravles qveyanaSi umciresobebis sa-ganmanaTleblo programebi Tu maTTvis gankuTv-nili skolebi moswavleebs bilingvur (orenovan) ganaTlebas an iseT saganmanaTleblo programebs (mSobliur enaze) sTavazoben, romlis Sinaarsic kulturaTa urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxebs moicavs. am fonze, umciresobaTa uflebebis damcveli kanonm-debloba da saganmanaTleblo midgomebi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi gansxvavebulia.

saqarTvelo da interkulturuli ganaTleba

saqarTvelos konteqstSi sakmaod mniSvnelova-nia interkulturuli ganaTlebis danergva, rad-gan saqarTvelo mravaleTnikuri qveyanaa. 2002 wlis mosaxleobis sayovelTao aRweris mixedviT, qarTvelebi Seadgenen mosaxleobis saerTo raode-

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nobis 83,8 %-s, xolo sxva eTnikuri jgufebi 15,2 %-s. faqtobrivad, arsebobs 4 regioni, sadac kompaqturad gansaxlebulia gansxvavebuli eTnikuri jgufebi. es regionebia: afxazeTi, samxreT oseTi, qvemo qarTli da samcxe-javaxeTi. qistebi kompaqturad saxloben kaxeTSi (pankisis xeoba), Tumca qistebi regionis mosaxleobis mxolod 7 %-s Seadgenen. kompaqturi gansaxlebis garda, saqarTveloSi gvxvdeba iseTi eTnikuri jgufebis dispersiuli, Sereuli gansaxle-bebi, rogorebicaa rusebi, berZnebi, qurTebi, iezidebi, ebraelebi, asirielebi, ukrainelebi da sxv. saqarT-velo religiuradac mravalferovani saxelmwifoa, sadac saxloben gansxvavebuli religiis warmomad-genlebi, ufro metic, erTi eTnikuri jgufis warmo-madgenlebi sxvadasxva religiis mimdevrebi arian. saqarTveloSi mdidaria lingvisturi mravalf-erovnebac, dominanti enac sxvadasxva dialeqturi mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba.

saqarTveloSi bolo wlebSi arsebuli migraci-uli procesebis analizisas naTeli xdeba saqarT-veloSi Semosul ucxoel moqalaqeTa raodenobis mkveTri zrda. es realoba unda aisaxos sagan-manaTleblo sistemaSic. aRsaniSnavia agreTve CeCne-Tis respublikidan ltolvili mosaxleoba, romel-ic gansaxlebulia pankisis xeobaSi.

sabWoTa kavSiris ngrevis Semdeg saqarTvelo-Si ramdenime mwvave eTnikuri konfliqti moxda. es faqti kidev erTxel miuTiTebs saqarTvelos sagan-manaTleblo sistemaSi interkulturuli ganaTleb-is aspeqtebis damkvidrebis aucileblobaze, radgan interkulturuli ganaTleba konfliqtis mogvare-bisa da prevenciis erT-erT mniSvnelovan instru-mentad miiCneva. garda amisa, aRsaniSnavia, rom kon-

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fliqtis Sedegad saqarTveloSi gaizarda iZulebiT gadaadgilebul moqalaqeTa ricxvi. maTi saWiroebe-bis, iseve rogorc maTi ganaTlebisaTvis aucilebeli politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri da fsiqologi-uri faqtorebis gaTvaliswineba mniSvnelovania sas-wavlo procesSi.

qveyanaSi arsebuli mravalferovneba asaxu-lia saqarTvelos zogadi ganaTlebis sistemaSic. saqarTveloSi 265 araqarTulenovani sajaro skolaa, rac sajaro skolebis saerTo raodenobis 11, 96 %-s Seadgens.

araqarTulenovani skolebi regionebis mixedviT Semdegnairadaa gadanawilebuli (cxrili 1. gv. 14)

mosaxleobis eTnikuri mravalferovnebis msgavsad sajaro skolis moswavleTa Semadgenlobac mravalferovnebiT xasiaTdeba. araqarTulenovani skolis moswavleebis raodenoba da xvedriTi wil-ic sakmaod maRalia. araqarTulenovani skolebis moswavleTa raodenoba sajaro skolis moswavleTa saerTo raodenobis 8,79 %-s Seadgens.

mniSvnelovania araqarTulenovani skolebis pedagogTa raodenobac. saqarTveloSi momuSave araqarTulenovani skolis pedagogebis gadanawile-ba regionebis da skolis tipis Sesabamisad Semdeg-nairad gamoiyureba (cxrili 2. gv. 15).

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mravalferovnebis dadebiTi mxareebi swavlebis procesSi

mravalferovneba saswavlo procesis efeqturad marTvis resurss warmoadgens da, dRevandeli re-alobis gaTvaliswinebiT, xels uwyobs multikul-turul sazogadoebaSi cxovrebisTvis momzadebuli moqalaqis Camoyalibebas. aRsaniSnavia, rom Zvelad maswavlebelTa momzadebis programebSi mravalfer-ovneba negatiur konteqstSi aRiqmeboda. iTvleboda, rom mravalferovneba erTgvari problemaa. midgo-mas, rom gansxvavebuli kulturuli jgufis moswav-leebs aqvT gansxvavebuli gamocdileba da xedva, rac sasargebloa dominanti kulturuli jgufis moswavleebisTvisac, ar hqonda farTo mxardaWera. Tumca globalizaciis procesma da saWiroebam, rom moswavleebi unda moemzadon pluralistur da mravalferovan msoflioSi sacxovreblad, radika-lurad Secvala mravalferovnebisadmi damokide-buleba da naTlad gamokveTa interkulturuli ganaTlebis aucilebloba.

mravalferovnebis saganmanaTleblo paradig-ma xazs usvams, rom mravalferovneba sasargebloa, rogorc umravlesobis, aseve umciresobis kul-turuli jgufis moswavleTaTvis. mravalferovneba `amdidrebs~ saswavlo garemos. swored es mosaz-rebaa yvelaze mkafio argumenti interkulturuli ganaTlebis mxardasaWerad. mravalferovan garemoSi interkulturuli ganaTlebis elementebis gamoyen-ebiT moswavles uviTardeba:

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a) mravalmxrivi xedva; b) konfliqtis Tavidan aridebis unari; g) saerTo Rirebulebebis mimarT pativiscema. G

es mosazreba dadasturebulia araerTi sagan-manaTleblo eqspertisa da mecnieris kvlevebiT. mecnierebi mravalferovnebis dadebiT mxareebs Zir-iTadad or kategoriad yofen:

1) saswavlo (akademiuri) Sedegebi; 2) demokratiuli Sedegebi.

dResdReobiT yvela Tanxmdeba saswavlo gare-moSi mravalferovnebis dadebiT mxareebsa da in-terkulturuli ganaTlebis saWiroebaze. Tumca swavlebis procesSi mTavari problema mravalf-erovnebis efeqturad marTva da interkulturuli ganaTlebis strategiebis sworad gamoyenebaa, rac sakmaod rTulad gadasaWrel amocanas warmoadgens, radgan, gadaulaxav gamowvevad rCeba sakiTxis kom-pleqsuroba, romelsac kulturuli sxvaobebis sim-ravle ganapirobebs.

kulturuli sxvaobebis marTvis strategiebi:

• asimilaciis modeli• integraciis modeli• multikulturuli modeli• interkulturuli modeli

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asimilaciis modeli

Aasimilaciis modeli gulisxmobs sakuTari kulturuli TviTmyofadobis daTmobas da sxva kul-turasTan Serwymas. asimilaciis modeli efuZneba ucxoel Tu umciresobis warmomadgenel moswavle-Ta `kulturuli deficitis~ hipoTezas, ris mixed-viTac ojaxi Tu sociokulturuli konteqsti ver uzrunvelyofs bavSvs aucilebeli kulturuli Tu kognituri unarebiT; bavSvi nel-nela kargavs Tavis kulturul TviTmyofadobas da erTiani, xSirad `na-cionaluri kulturis~ nawilad iqceva.

integraciis modeli

am modelis mizania gansxvavebul kultura-Ta integracia saerTo kulturasTan. mis mixedviT, aucilebelia sxvaobaTa TviTmyofadobis dafase-ba da yvela kulturuli jgufis mSvidobiani da Tanabaruflebiani CarTuloba qveynis politikur, socialur Tu ekonomikur institutebSi. aq ar is-meba dominant kulturasTan sxvaobaTa asimilaciis sakiTxi, magram RirebulebaTa analizis fonze upi-ratesoba mainc dominanti kulturis maxasiaTeblebs eniWeba. amasTanave, integraciis modeli yovelTvis ar iZleva umciresobaTa statusis gansazRvris sa-Sualebas.

multikulturuli modeli

es modeli, ZiriTadad, maSin gvxvdeba, roca eTni-kuri umciresobebi uars acxadeben umravlesobasTan asimilaciaze. misi amocanaa, ganamtkicos pativisce-

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misa da tolerantobis unarebi umravlesobasa da umciresobas Soris, xeli Seuwyos maT Soris ndo-bis gaCenasa da socialur mobilobas umciresobaTa jgufebSi.

interkulturuli modeli

interkulturuli midgoma, zogadad, konteqstis mixedviT ganisazRvreba. misi pirdapiri interesis sagania kultura, rogorc individis qmedebiT, strat-egiebiT, dinamikiTa da manipulaciebiT miRebuli erTgvari Sedegi, romlis saSualebiTac individi sakuTar identobas amtkicebs. igi, kulturuli maxa-siaTeblebis gaTvaliswinebiT, efuZneba individebisa da jgufebis urTierTdamokidebulebebs.

axali gamowvevebisa da Tanamedrove adamianis winaSe gadaSlili axali perspeqtivebis fonze, saerTaSoriso Tu saxelmwifo organizaciebi ufro da ufro did mniSvnelobas aniWeben TiToeuli individis uflebas, icxovros eTnikurad da kul-turulad gansxvavebul garemoSi. radgan interkul-turuli ganaTleba aucilebeli pirobaa imisa, rom sazogadoebis cxovrebaSi sam sxvadasxva (adgilo-briv, erovnul da globalur) safexurs Soris Semae-rTebeli xazi gaevlos.

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`interkulturuli ganaTleba~ da `multikulturuli ganaTleba~

aRsaniSnavia, rom terminebs Soris `interkul-turuli ganaTleba~ da ̀ multikulturuli ganaTle-ba~ mniSvnelovani gansxvavebaa. Ees ori termini xSirad erTi da igive mniSvnelobiT gamoiyeneba, Tumca Tanamedrove ganaTlebis Sesaxeb samecniero literaturaSi maT mkveTrad mijnaven. erT-erTi yve-laze martivi da mkafio gansazRvreba am ori ter-minisa ekuTvnis kamileris (1992), romelic aRniSnavs, rom `multikulturuli~ aris aRweriTi termini, romelic ubralod afiqsirebs pluralizmis1 arse-bobas da sxvadasxva kulturis matarebeli xalxis faqtobriv Tanacxovrebas, xolo termini ̀ interkul-turuli~ asaxavs arsebul interaqcias gansxvavebu-li kulturis mqone xalxs Soris.

ganaTlebis sistema mxedvelobaSi unda iRebdes sazogadoebis multikulturul maxasiaTeblebs da xels unda uwyobdes sxvadasxva kulturul jgufs Soris mSvidobian Tanaarsebobasa da pozitiur in-teraqcias.

`multikulturuli ganaTleba~ emsaxureba swav-lebas sxvadasxva kulturis Sesaxeb, raTa miRweul iqnas `mimRebloba~ an, sul mcire, `tolerantoba~2

1.pluralizmi [laT. pluralis mravlobiTi] - 1. (filos.). idealisturi moZRvreba, romelic uaryofs samyaros erTianobas da amtkicebs, rom mas safuZvlad udevs mravali erTmaneTTan daukavSirebeli su-lieri arsi. 2. (polit.). saxelmwifos mmarTvelobis mravalpartiuli sistema.2.tolerantoba [laT. tolerans (tolerantis) momTmeni, Semwynarebeli] - (wign.). sxvisi azrebis, rwmenis Semwynarebloba.

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gansxvavebuli kulturis mimarT. xolo `interkul-turuli ganaTleba~ scildeba sxvadasxva kul-turaTa pasiuri Tanacxovrebis miRwevis amocanas da miznad isaxavs Seqmnas mdgradi winapiroba, rom multikulturuli sazogadoebis Tanacxovreba dae-fuZnos urTierTgagebis, pativiscemisa da dialogis principebs.

rogorc aRvniSneT, termini `multikulturuli~, igive `mravalkulturuli~, gulisxmobs faqtobrivi situaciis gadmocemas, aRweras, mravali kulturuli jgufisgan Semdgari (romelTa kavSiri ganpirobe-bulia garkveuli RirebulebebiTa da normebiT) sa-zogadoebis realuri suraTis gadmocemas.

maSin, roca termini `interkulturuli” gamox-atavs mimarTulebas, mizans; gulisxmobs dialogis, aqtiuri TanamSromlobis, urTierTdamokidebuleb-is aucileblobas da gvixatavs sasurvel, idealur suraTs, romlis miRwevis saSualebasac Tavad war-moadgens.

multikulturalizmi amcirebs uTanasworobiTa da gansxvavebuli identobebis niSniT gamowveuli konfliqtebis ricxvs. Tumca, multikulturuli midgomiT, TiToeuli individi Tavisi kuTvnileb-is jgufis elements warmoadgens. aseT SemTxveva-Si didia riski imisa, rom individi Tavis jgufSi Caiketos da xeli SeuSalos sxva jgufebTan inte-gracias. multikulturalizmi sazogadoebas `mo-zaikurad~ warmogvidgens. interkulturalizmi ki kulturuli sxvaobebis analizis saSualebaa.

multikulturuli ganaTleba SeiZleba ganvix-iloT, rogorc demokratiul principebsa da Rireb-ulebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma, romelsac warmate-biT iyeneben kulturuli pluralizmiT ganmtkicebul,

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sxvaobebiT mdidar sazogadoebaSi. igi mimarTulia azrovnebis unaris ganviTarebisaken, rom moswavlem ukeT gaiazros, ra xdeba mis saswavlo garemoSi; ganiviTaros gansxvavebuli kulturebis kritikuli analizis unari; SeuTavsos sakuTari kulturuli identoba gansxvavebuli identobis aRqmas da iz-runos sakuTari cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobesebi-saTvis. multikulturalizms SeuZlia xeli Seuwyos gansxvavebuli jgufebis Tanacxovrebas, segregacii-sa1 da diskriminaciis2 elementebis gamoricxviT. am jgufebsa Tu individebs Soris kavSirebis moSlis SemTxvevaSi ki igi Tavis mniSvnelobas kargavs. zogi-erT sazogadoebaSi multikulturalizmis, rogorc saganmanaTlo politikis miReba, socialuri struq-turebisTvis garkveul riskebTanaa dakavSirebuli. umciresobaTa zogi jgufisTvis maT identobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi xSirad Zalian mtkivneu-lia da aseT dros nebismieri qmedeba da gadaw-yvetileba did sifrTxiles moiTxovs.

rac Seexeba termins `interkulturuli~, Si-naarsobrivad igi aucileblad moicavs interaqciis, gacvla-gamocvlis, barierebis moSlisa da WeSmariti solidarobis datvirTvas, rasac prefiqsi `inter~ miuTiTebs. xolo `kulturaSi~ moiazreba mTeli is Rirebulebebi, cxovrebis wesebi, adamianuri arsis simboluri gamoxatulebebi, romelic farTomasSta-bian konteqstSi konkretul pirovnebasa Tu sazoga-doebis garkveul nawils exeba.

1.segregacia [laT. segregatio gamoyofa] - rasobrivi diskriminaciis erT-erTi saxe, feradkanianTa iZulebiTi gamoyofa TeTrkanianebisa-gan.2.diskriminacia [laT. discriminatio gansxvaveba] da diskriminireba-calkeuli pirovnebis, adamianTa jgufis saxelmwifos da a.S. uflebe-bis SezRudva, Tanasworuflebianobis mospoba.

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interkulturuli ganaTlebis mizani

nebismier sivrcesa da sazogadoebaSi interkul-turuli ganaTleba ZiriTadad sam mizans emsaxure-ba. esenia:

• kulturuli pluralizmis, rogorc sazoga-doebrivi realobis miReba da gacnobiereba; • Tanasworuflebiani da samarTliani sazoga-doebis Camoyalibebis xelSewyoba; • harmoniuli intereTnikuri urTierTobebis damyarebis xelSewyoba.

interkulturuli ganaTlebis midgomebi xSirad, qveynisa Tu sazogadoebis Taviseburebidan gamom-dinare, erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebuli da zogjer urTierTgamomricxavia. 1975-1977 wlebSi evrosab-Wom daadgina interkulturuli ganaTlebis ram-denime mTavari principi, rogoricaa, magaliTad: in-terkulturuli dialogi, eTnocentrizmis uaryofa, kulturuli Sesabamisoba da misi gardaqmna sasko-lo aqtivobad, imigrirebuli bavSvebis interaqciis mizniT. mas Semdeg, evrosabWos rekomendaciiT, wevr qveynebSi interkulturuli saganmanaTleblo pro-gramebi ramdenime mimarTulebiT gavrcelda, magali-Tad: demokratia, adamianis uflebebi, umciresobebi: kulturuli da saganmanaTleblo aspeqtebi (1997), samoqalaqo ganaTleba (2000), ganaTlebis axali in-terkulturuli gamowveva: religiuri sxvaobebi (2002) da a.S.

interkulturuloba gaTvlilia individebisa Tu jgufebis integraciasa da identobaTa urTierTmi-marTebaze. misi mizania rogorc umravlesobis, aseve

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umciresobebis mozardTa warmatebuli integracia Tanamedrove mravaleTnikur sazogadoebaSi da maTi Camoyalibeba interkulturuli orientaciis mqone pirovnebebad. interkulturuli aRzrda mimarTulia moswavleebSi humanurobis, pasuxismgeblobis, soli-darobis, urTierTgagebis, demokratiisa da toler-antobis principebze dafuZnebuli msoflxedvisa da qcevis Camoyalibebisken.

interkulturuli ganaTlebis mizania, gamou-muSaos moswavleebs sxvadasxva kulturisTvis damaxasiaTebeli kompetenciebi da Seuqmnas pirobe-bi individualuri msoflmxedvelobis Camosayalibe-blad. interkulturuloba exeba yvela moswavles, imigranti iqneba Tu adgilobrivi, umravlesobis warmomadgeneli Tu umciresobis.

interkulturuli swavlebis ZiriTadi principebia:

• zogadsakacobrio Rirebulebebis (pluraliz-mi, tolerantoba, demokratia) SeTviseba-aRiare-ba;• kulturuli TviTidentobis aRqmis xelSemw-yobi pirobebis Seqmna - umciresobebis mier sa-kuTari kulturuli maxasiaTeblebis SenarCu-neba; • yvela kulturis Tanabrad dafaseba, kulturu-li dialogisTvis aucilebeli garemos Seqmna;• warmatebis misaRwevad umravlesobisa da um-ciresobebisTvis Tanabari mxardaWeris uzrunve-lyofa.

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interaqciuli sociologia kulturas ganixi-lavs, rogorc gansxvavebuli interesebisagan Seqm-nili organizaciis dinamikas. am midgomis mixedviT, interkulturuli ganaTleba moiazreba, rogorc interaqciis, TanamSromlobisa Tu ufro global-uri kavSirebis Sedegad miRebuli mravalmxrivi codnis gadacema da, rogorc aRvniSneT, mimarTu-lia ganurCevlad yvela moswavlisken. pluralizmi moiazreba, rogorc ganaTlebis Rirebuleba da sab-oloo mizani. interkulturuli fsiqologia Seis-wavlis interaqcias individebsa da gansxvavebuli kulturis jgufebs Soris, maT stereotipebs, Rire-bulebebsa da Cveulebebs (magaliTad, rogor axerx-ebs individi sakuTari kulturuli konteqstidan gamosvlas da gansxvavebul kulturul garemoSi warmatebiT TviTrealizacias). interaqcia ganisaz-Rvreba, rogorc urTierTdamokidebuleba umravle-sobisa da umciresobis kulturebs Soris da maTi ganuyofloba saerTo globaluri konteqstisgan.

interkulturuli ganaTleba mravalferovnebas ganixilavs, rogorc normas, da ara rogorc bariers, romlis gadalaxvaSic adamians daxmareba sWirdeba. mravalferovneba, sxvaobebis miuReblobisa Tu avto-ritarizmis SemTvevaSi, konfliqtis mizezad SeiZle-ba iqces.

interkulturuli ganaTlebis mTavari principia, yovel moswavles gauCinos jgufSi muSaobis moti-vacia, am muSaobis safuZvels swored erTmaneTSi aR-moCenili msgavsi saxasiaTo Strixebi unda qmnides (gv. 55), amiT unda daiZlios siZneleebi, magram ise, rom sxvaoba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar iyos miC-neuli samarcxvino laqad.

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rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, interkulturuli ganaTleba araa mimarTuli mxolod ucxoeli an um-ciresobis warmomadgeneli moswavleebisken. igi ex-eba yvela bavSvs, vinc saswavlo procesSia CarTuli da warmoadgens ara uTanasworobis kompensaciis sa-Sualebas, aramed misi mizania Tanasworobis swav-leba Tanasworuflebian garemoSi.

termini interkulturuli anu kulturaTSori-si, masStaburobis gamo, interpretirebis saSualebas iZleva. pirdapiri gagebiT, igi, sxva kulturasTan urTierTobisas, warmoadgens codnis, Sexedulebeb-is da qcevis Camoyalibebis individualur process. Tumca, ufro xSirad, kulturaTSorisi swavleba ufro farTo konteqstSi ganixileba da aRniSnavs cnebas, romlis mixedviTac sxvadasxva warmomavlo-bisa da kulturuli Rirebulebebis mqone adamiane-bi mSvidobianad Tanacxovroben.

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interkulturuli ganaTleba da religia

gansxvavebuloba xSiri diskusiis sagania. gansa-kuTrebiT maSin, roca saqme exeba religias da mis mimarTebas kulturasTan. im gansakuTrebiT mgrZno-biare damokidebulebidan gamomdinare, romelic ada-mianebs religiis mimarT aqvT, aucilebelia, rom interkulturuli ganaTleba myarad daefuZnos eTi-kis principebs.

sazogadoebis didi nawilisTvis sazogadoebri-vi realoba dinamiuri da mravalferovania. Znelia, Seafaso individi mxolod misi kulturuli kuTv-nilebis, eTnikuri warmoSobis Tu religiis mixed-viT. aqedan gamomdinare, pirovnebis saidentifika-ciod, SeiZleba misi sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis gamocdileba ufro mniSvnelovani aRmoCndes, vidre religiuri cnobiereba.

interkulturuli ganaTlebis farglebSi re-ligia warmoadgens interess aramarto im Seucnob-lis mimarT, romelsac igi universalurad warmoid-gens, aramed, zogadad, adamianuri bunebis saerTo gamocdilebis mimarTac. rogorc aRvniSneT, igi unda daefuZnos eTikis principebs, ganaTlebis universa-lur RirebulebebTan SeTanxmebiT.

interkulturuli TvalsazrisiT, eTika ganaTlebidan ki ar gamomdinareobs, aramed mis aucilebel pirobas da fundaments warmoadgens. mxolod eTikuri Rirebulebebis praqtikasa da Teo-riul codnaze Tanabrad gadanawileba iZleva imis

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saSualebas, rom ganaTlebam gezi saerTo kulturu-li harmoniisken aiRos.

ganaTleba, romelic ar ukavSirdeba, acdenilia eTikis principebs, warmoadgens mxoloddamxolod pragmatul ganaTlebas, romelic yovelTvis moiTx-ovs ufro met mSral wesebs da maT iZulebiT mor-Cilebas, vidre interessa da azrovnebas. Tu samo-qalaqo sazogadoeba ar cdilobs eTikis principebis aRiarebas, es niSnavs, rom misi rwmena araa srulyo-fili, rac advilad qmnis konfliqtis winapirobas.

religiuri sxvaobebis ganaTleba, upirveles yovlisa, saWiroebs religiis gaazrebas, aramx-olod rogorc erTgvarovani rwmenis sistemisas. tradiciebsa da jgufebs Soris urTierTkavSiris konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT, maswavlebelma unda SesTavazos moswavles analizisa da azrovnebis kompetencia, missave rwmenasa da Rirebulebebze da-fuZnebuli, raTa SeZlos kritikuli refleqsiis un-aris gamomuSaveba.

skolebi, upirveles yovlisa, iqiT unda iyos mi-marTuli, rom gamoiyenos interkulturuli ganaTle-ba yovelgvari diskriminaciis, qsenofobiis1 da ra-sizmis (instituciuri iqneba es Tu kulturuli) winaaRmdeg brZolis iaraRad da gamoumuSaos mos-wavleebs tolerantobis, sxvaobaTa mimReblobis da Tanasworobis principebi. Tumca, rac unda mniSvne-

1.qsenofobia [berZ. xenos ucxo, ucxoeli da phobos SiSi] - ucxoeleb-isa da yovelive ucxouris siZulvili.

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lovani roli iTamaSos skolam religiuri sxvaobe-bis ganaTlebaSi, zogadi viTarebis ganmsazRvreli mainc sxva sazogadoebrivi institutebis politikaa, gansakuTrebiT, xelisuflebis, romelic adgens re-ligiuri Tu kulturuli umravlesobis administri-rebisa da mimarTulebis sakiTxebs.

interkulturuli midgomebi skolaSi

bavSvebs xSirad uWirT kulturuli sxvaobebis miReba da gacnobiereba, maT swored am kuTxiT sWird-ebaT daxmareba da, interkulturuli ganaTlebis TvalsazrisiT, pedagogiuri praqtikisTvis es yve-laze didi gamowvevaa.

interkulturul ganaTlebaSi ZiriTadad or pedagogiur mimarTulebas gamoyofen: Sinaarsze, sas-wavlo masalaze orientirebulsa da jgufebs So-ris urTierTkavSirze (klasi, uaxloesi garemocva) orientirebuls. orives aerTianebs is, rom maTi mi-zania, bavSvisTvis kulturuli sxvaoba iqces axali interesisa da cnobierebis gamdidrebis resursad. maswavlebeli valdebulia, gaiTvaliswinos TiToeu-li moswavlis saskolo Tu ojaxuri mdgomareoba; maRali Sedegis misaRwevad, swavlebis formebic Ti-Toeuli moswavlis kognituri donisa da saWiroebis mixedviT unda SearCios. dResdReobiT gacilebiT io-lia, moiZio da gaecno swavlebis sxvadasxva meTodsa da strategias. Tumca, mTavari problema aRniSnuli strategiebis sworad gamoyenebaa. swori strategiis SesarCevad maswavlebelma Semdegi faqtorebi unda gaiTvaliswinos:

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• ra aris Cveni saganmanaTleblo praqtikis amo-canebi;• ra realuri saWiroebebi aqvT Cvens moswav-leebs konkretul saklaso garemosa da konkre-tul saswavlo situaciaSi;• yvela moswavles aqvs ufleba, gaxdes sazoga-doebis srulyofili wevri da maswavlebelma xeli unda Seuwyos mas am uflebis realize-baSi;• maswavlebelma unda gaiTvaliswinos moswav-leTa gansxvavebuli SesaZleblobebi, qcevis wesebi, codna da interesebi;• saswavlo procesi mimarTuli unda iyos garkveuli unarebis ganviTarebaze, da ara in-formaciis dagrovebaze.

interkulturuli ganaTleba, ZiriTadad, umrav-lesobis mier marTul saswavlo procesTan aso-cirdeba. maswavlebelma Tavisi saswavlo meTodebi moswavles unda moargos. am TvalsazrisiT, sxvao-baTa mimRebloba mxolod moswavleebs ar exeba. mas-wavlebeli, romelic TviTon ar aris Tavisufali diskriminaciisa da qsenofobiisagan, ver SeZlebs moswavleebSi interkulturuli Sexedulebebis dan-ergvas.

rodesac interkulturuli ganaTleba moswav-leebs exeba, aRiarebulia, rom yvelaze efeqturi aq-tiuri meTodebia, romelic moswavlesa da maswav-lebels Soris cocxal urTierTobas moiTxovs. nebismieri samuSao sruldeba moswavleebTan Tana-mSromlobiT, maT Soris TiToeuli Tavad gansaz-

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Rvravs sakuTar identobas, kulturul kuTvnilebasa da kognitur sirTuleebs.

unda aRiniSnos, rom skolis tipisa da bavS-vis asakis mixedviT icvleba interkulturuli ganaTlebis Sinaarsi: magaliTad, Tu dawyebiT safex-urze bavSvebi, ZiriTadad, pasiurad (miReba - ar miRe-bis, sakuTari damokidebulebis gansazRvris gareSe) ecnobian kulturul sxvaobebsa da maT maxasiaTeb-lebs, Semdeg safexurze isini ukve afiqsireben Tavi-anT pozicias.

pedagogikis inovaciuri midgomebi, romlebic mo-swavleebs kulturuli Tu lingvisturi sxvaobebiT gamorCeul sazogadoebaSi cxovrebaSi exmarebian, xels uwyoben rasizmisa da qsenofobiis aRmofxvras, zrunaven umciresobebis bavSvebis `pozitiur~ inte-graciasa da adaptaciaze garemomcvel sazogadoe-basTan, da aseTi midgomebiT aumjobeseben ganaTleb-is xarisxs.

interkulturuli ganaTlebis Sedegi damokide-bulia maswavleblebisa da saskolo personalis unar-Cvevebze, maT kvalifikaciasa da efeqturobaze. maswavlebelma rom moswavleTa eTnikuri Tu ra-sistuli stereotipebisgan gaTavisufleba SeZlos, amisaTvis saWiroa, TviTon ar warmoadgendes kul-turuli stereotipebis tyves. im SemTxvevaSi Tu konkretuli klasi sxvadasxva kulturuli stereo-tipebis Sejaxebis areals warmoadgens, maswavlebels unda SeeZlos, rac SeiZleba umtkivneulod gadaita-nos klasma es procesi. unda SeeZlos socialuri da kulturuli harmoniisTvis aucilebeli pirobe-bis swavleba da ar unda aaridos Tavi aqtualur da mwvave socialur problemebze saubars.

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interkulturulma midgomebma skolaSi SeiZle-ba mravali disciplina moicvas, dawyebuli istorii-Ta da geografiiT, da literaturiT damTavrebuli. am procesSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba swavlebis enas.

interkulturuli ganaTleba da ena

garkveulwilad, ena kulturis erT-erTi gamoxat-ulebaa. komunikacia warmoadgens socialur da kul-turul dinamikas imdenad, ramdenadac niSnebi, ver-baluri Tu araverbaluri, kulturul kuTvnilebaze miuTiTeben. multikulturul konteqstSi bavSvisT-vis axali enis Seswavla (romel kulturul gare-moSic uxdeba cxovreba) aramarto enis, aramed kul-turis gagebas niSnavs. realurad igi ori enisa da ori kulturis gadakveTis wertilSi aRmoCndeba.

samoqalaqo integraciis procesis ZiriTad maCve-nebels swored saxelmwifo ena warmoadgens da misi codna samoqalaqo integraciis erT-erTi saSuale-baa. aucilebelia, rom saxelmwifo enis propaganda-sa da misi gavrcelebisaken mimarTul RonisZiebebs axldes umciresobaTa enebis uflebebis aRiarebac, raTa erovnuli umciresobebis warmomadgenlebma igrZnon, rom daubrkoleblad aqvT sakuTari Rireb-ulebebis dacvis saSualeba. roca sakiTxi exeba um-ciresobebs, mxedvelobaSi unda miviRoT maTi damok-idebuleba, romelic ganpirobebulia imis SiSiT, rom saxelmwifos maTi umravlesobasTan asimilireba da dasusteba ufro surs, vidre maTi mravalferovne-bis pativiscema. amgvari damokidebulebis arideba mxolod informirebis, ganxilvisa da konsultacie-

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bis farTo programebiT SeiZleba. aucilebelia imis gacnobiereba, rom umciresobebiT dasaxlebuli re-gionebisa da mosaxleobis enobrivi Tu samoqalaqo izolacia maT gamijvnas, marginalizacias gamoi-wvevs, rac sazianoa rogorc moqalaqeebisaTvis, ise saxelmwifosaTvis.

saxelmwifo enis swavlebis sakiTxSi wamyvani roli, bunebrivia, skolas eniWeba.Kkvlevebma aCve-na, rom enebis swavlebis gramatikisa da leqsikis dazepirebaze dafuZnebuli moZvelebuli meTodebi ar aris sakmarisi da rom interkulturul garemo-Si bavSvebi enas ukeTesad swavloben interaqtiuli meTodebiT, roca ki ar izepireben, aramed uSualod iyeneben enas. swored amitom gaCnda aucilebloba bilingvuri (orenovani) Tu multilingvuri (mrava-lenovani) ganaTlebis danergvisa.

mravalenovani ganaTlebis modelis mixedviT, bavSvebi, erovnuli da eTnikuri kuTvnilebis ga-nurCevlad, erT klasSi swavloben. mravalenovani ganaTleba niSnavs sagnebis (da aramarto enebis) swavlebas or an met enaze Targmanis gareSe, rodesac bunebrivi enobrivi garemo iZleva SesaZleblobas, bavSvebma aramxolod is enebi aiTvison karg doneze, romlebzec swavloben, aramed sagnebis Sinaarsic. aseTi modeli TiToeul bavSvs erTdroulad yve-la saWiro enaze (mSobliurze, saxelmwifoze, ofi-cialurze da a.S.) ganaTlebis miRebisa da maTi karg doneze aTvisebis saSualebas aZlevs. bavSvebi ara-marto ecnobian sxva xalxebis kulturasa da enebs, izrdebian mravalkulturul da mravalenovan ada-mianebad, rac cxovrebaSi maT sakuTari potencia-

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lis realizebis ufro met SesaZleblobebs aZlevs. magram yvelaze mTavari is aris, rom am modelis SemoReba xels uwyobs yvela eTnikuri jgufis gaer-Tianebas saxelmwifo enis codnis meSveobiT, rac Zalze mniSvnelovania mTeli sazogadoebis inte-graciisTvis.

mravalenovan ganaTlebas mniSvnelovani wvli-lis Setana SeuZlia saqarTveloSi mravaleTnikuri integrirebuli sazogadoebis CamoyalibebaSi. amis miRweva SeiZleba umciresobebisTvis daxmarebis gaw-eviT qarTuli enis myari codnis miRebaSi da, amave dros, maTi sakuTari kulturisa da enis SenarCune-biT.

eTnolingvistur umciresobaTa bevri warmomad-geneli acnobierebs, rom qarTuli enis kargad codna qarTul sazogadoebaSi integraciis gaumjobesebisa da maTi SvilebisaTvis profesiuli da ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebis gafarToebis mniSvnelovani saSu-alebaa.

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interkultruli unar-Cvevebi, kompetenciebi da ZiriTadi Rirebulebebi

• gansxvavebuli kulturuli kuTvnilebis adami-anebTan mSvidobiani Tanacxovrebis unari;• konfliqturi situaciis analizisa da prob-lemis gadaWris unari;• rogorc sakuTari, aseve sxvebis kulturis Sec-nobisa da pativiscemis unari;• rasistuli, qsenofobiuri da aratolerantuli Sexedulebebis miuReblobis unari;• interesi sxva eTnikuri jgufebis adaT-wesebi-sa da Rirebulebebis mimarT.

sxvaobaTa urTierTgamamdidrebeli damokideb-ulebidan gamomdinare, interkulturuli ganaTleb-is mTavari principad aRiarebulia zogierTi Rire-buleba:

• empaTia: adamians SeuZlia warmoidginos Tavi sxvis adgilze da gaiziaros sxvisi probleme-bi;•solidaroba: interkulturuli ganaTleba aris harmoniuli Tanacxovrebisa da urTierT-mxardaWeris swavlis saSualeba;•interkulturuli pativiscema: interkulturu-li ganaTleba miznad isaxavs kulturaTa Soris ierarqiis moSlasa da maT Tanabaruflebianobis xelSewyobas;• antinacionalizmi: interkulturulma ganaTle-bam unda SeZlos, moSalos qveynebs Soris stereo-tipul Sexedulebebze dafuZnebuli barierebi

36

da xeli Seuwyos moqalaqeTa msoflmxedvelo-bis gafarToebas.

interkulturuli ganaTleba, upirveles yovlisa, aris ganaTleba Rirebulebebis Sesaxeb, romlis mTa-vari miznebi, ZiriTadad, mimarTulia solidarobisa da tolerantobis gaRvivebisken da romlis princi-pebic arsebiTad moicavs multikulturul Tu mul-tilingvur sazogadoebaSi integracias.

interkulturuli midgoma gulisxmobs iseTi saganmanaTleblo aqtivobebis gamoyenebas, romel-ic xels uwyobs, erTi mxriv, swavlebis procesSi CarTul yvela adamians Soris azrebis gacvlas, xolo, meore mxriv, axali codnisa da mosazrebebis formirebas, moswavlisa da maswavleblis saerTo gamocdilebidan gamomdinare. gTavazobT ramdenime rekomendacias, romelic maswavlebels xels Seuw-yobs klasSi jansaRi garemos SeqmnaSi da gaudvi-lebs moswavleebTan efeqtur komunikacias:

• daafase moswavlis miRweva, rac unda mciredi iyos;• Tuki moswavles Secdomaze miuTiTeb, aucile-blad SesTavaze am Secdomis gamosworebisa da problemis gadaWris gzebi;• daafase moswavlis nebismieri qmedeba, romel-ic problemis mogvarebiskenaa mimarTuli, imis miuxedavad, efeqturad geCvenebaT Tu ara moswav-lis mier dasaxuli problemis mogvarebis gza;• daafase moswavleTa damoukidebeli azrovneba da xeli Seuwye maTSi damoukideblad qmedebis unaris ganviTarebas;

37

• moswavleebTan erTad daadgineT saklaso oTaxSi qcevis wesebi da SeecadeT, yvelam pativi sces yvelasTan SeTanxmebul saerTo wesebsa da normebs;• konfliqtis arsebobisas, CarTeT moswavleebi konfliqtis mogvarebis procesSi;• dauTmeT garkveuli dro im adamianebze saubars, romelTa moRvaweobam mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli humanurobis ganviTarebasa da keTil-dReobas msoflios masStabiT;• moawyveT samecniero gamofenebi, proeqtis pr-ezentaciebi, Sekrebebi da sxva aqtivobebi in-terkulturul sakiTxebze, rac moamzadebs yve-la moswavles aqtiuri cxovrebisTvis;• ganaxorcielebineT moswavleebs damoukidebeli kvlevebi, raTa xeli SeuwyoT maTSi damoukide-beli azrovnebis ganviTarebas da sakuTari Ses-aZleblobebis mimarT rwmenis Camoyalibebas.

38

kavSiri Teoriasa da praqtikas Soris

interkulturuli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb mxolod Teoriuli safuZvlebis codna araefeqturia. mTa-vari am codnis praqtikaSi gamoyenebaa. zogierTma kvlevam aCvena, rom pedagogebs, romlebsac gavlili hqondaT multikulturuli ganaTlebis kursi da fiqrobdnen, rom advilad gaarTmevdnen Tavs sxva-dasxva kulturuli warmomavlobis moswavleebT-an urTierTobas, swavlebis procesSi, praqtikuli saqmianobisas seriozuli problemebi SeeqmnaT. Se-sabamisad, mniSvnelovania, moqmedi Tu momavali peda-gogebis momzadebisa da profesiuli ganviTarebis programebma gaiTvaliswinon kvlevis es Sedegebi da Teoriul codnasTan erTad praqtikuli kursic SesTavazon moqmed Tu momaval pedagogebs. amJamad warmogidgenT yvelaze martiv situiaciebsa da re-komendaciebs, Tu rogor unda moiqces maswavlebeli aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi.

situacia 1

qvemoT maswavleblebs vTavazobT aqtovobas, romelic kulturaTSoris komunikaciis sakiTxebze, kerZod ki integraciis sakiTxebzea agebuli.1

aqtivobis saxelwodeba: skola tyis piras

1. masala adaptirebulia britaneTis sabWos proeqtidan “vicxovroT erTad” da mogvawoda rusudan tyemalaZem

39

maswavleblis masalaALAaqtivobis Temaa konfliqtebi, romlebic Sei-

Zleba warmoiSvas gansxvavebuli Rirebulebebis da Sexedulebebis mqone adamianebis jgufebs Soris. ra aris imis mizezi, rom adamianebi uxalisod Tmoben am gansxvavebebs? ra gzebi arsebobs imisaTvis, rom xeli SevuwyoT am jgufebis sazogadoebaSi integra-cias?

aqtivobis miznebi

• im gzebis ganxilva, romlebic xels Seuwyobs sxvadasxva Rirebulebebis da Sexedulebebis adamianebis jgufebis sazogadoebaSi integra-cias da aswavlis maT urTierTpativiscemas;• moswavleebSi kritikuli azrovnebis da logi-kuri msjelobis unaris ganviTareba.

swavlebis Sedegebi

• moswavleebi gaiazreben im sakiTxebs, romlebic Tavs iCens sxvadasxva kulturis warmomadgeneli adamianebis erTad cxovrebis dros;• moswavleebi SeZleben Camoayalibon is faq-torebi, romlebic mravalkulturul sazoga-doebaSi adamianebis mier sakuTari kulturis SenarCunebis sasargeblod an sawinaaRmdegod moqmedebs;• moswavleebs miecemaT saSualeba imsjelon im meTodebze, romelTa saSualebiTac miiRweva kulturuli pluralizmi.

40

procedura

sanam moTxrobis - skola tyis piras - wakiTxvas da mis garSemo msjelobas daiwyebdeT, moswavleebs auxseniT Tu ras niSnavs sityvebi integracia, asim-ilacia, samoqalaqo sazogadoeba da kulturuli pluralizmi.

integracia is procesia, romlis drosac sxva-dasxva kulturuli jgufebis warmomadgenlebi er-Tiandebian da maTi qceva, Cveulebebi da moqmedeba erTmaneTs harmoniulad erwymis.

asimilacia is procesia, rodesac integraciis Sedegad umciresobis warmomadgenelTa kultura qreba.

samoqalaqo sazogadoeba sazogadoebis is nawilia, romlis warmomadgenlebi individualurad an erTad moqmedeben sazogadoebrivi keTildReo-bisaTvis.

kulturuli pluralizmi iseTi mdgomareobaa, romlis drosac sxvadasxva kulturis warmomad-genlebi erT sazogadoebaSi cxovroben da sadac kanoniT daSvebulia gansxvavebuli Rirebulebebi da tradiciebi.

waikiTxeT moTxroba skola tyis piras (ix. mos-wavlis masala). moswavleebi daajgufeT wyvilebad an mcire jgufebad da sTxoveT, imsjelon qvemoT motanil sakiTxebze. sakiTxebis CamonaTvals mos-wavleebma SeiZleba sakuTari sakiTxebic daamaton:

41

• ram SeiZleba SeuSalos xeli or xalxs So-ris karg urTierTobas? • ramdenad advili iqneba tyeSi da dablobze mcxovreb adamianebs Soris arsebuli gansxvave-bebis daZleva? • ra amoZravebs maswavlebels, romelsac da-pirispirebuli mxareebis Serigeba unda? ra un-ari unda gaaCndes mas, rom es moaxerxos?• vis unda ndomoda skolis dawva da ratom?

moswavleebs sTxoveT, moiyvanon argumentebi skolis aRdgenis sasargeblod an sawinaaRmdegod. dafaze CamowereT skolis aRdgenis momxreTa da mowinaaRmdegeTa argumentebi. romeli mxaris argu-mentebia ufro bevri da Zlieri?

Tu warmovidgenT, rom aRdgenili skola saerTo iqneba, kidev risi gakeTeba SeiZleba imisTvis, rac am skolaSi moswavleTa integracias daexmareba? ra ufro Seuwyobs xels skolaSi sxvadasxva kulturu-li jgufebis integracias? moswavles unda SeeZlos sakuTari azris dasabuTeba. es davaleba SeiZleba weriTi saSinao davalebis saxiTac misceT.

moswavlis masala

skola tyis piras

erT qveyanaSi mTiani qedis ganapiras, tyis piras, xalxi cxovrobda. maT istoria da religia aer-TianebdaT. mezobel qveyanaSi areuloba iyo. iq mcx-ovreb xalxs aiZules, daetovebinaT sakuTari qveya-na. isini iZulebiT dasaxldnen iq, sadac xalxi tyis

42

piras cxovrobda. gadmosaxlebuli xalxi TavianT qveyanaSi dablobze cxovrobdnen, amitomac maT tyis piras mcxovrebma xalxma dablobidan mosulebi daarqva. tyis xalxs dablobidan mosulebTan cota ram hqondaT saerTo. maT erTmaneTis ena esmodaT, magram erTmaneTis mimarT cudad iyvnen ganwyobili. zogjer, am xalxTa individualur warmomadgenlebs Soris uTanxmoeba da, periodulad, konfliqtebic ki xdeboda.

erT dRes, erTma axalgazrda kacma tyis piras mSenebloba daiwyo. miuxedavad imisa, rom tyis xalx-is warmomadgeneli iyo, mas dablobidan mosuli ada-mianebi moswonda da undoda maT daxmareboda. gamo-acxada, rom tyis piras skolas aSenebda, romelSic swavlas orive xalxis warmomadgenlebi SeZlebd-nen. kacis azriT, am gziT moqiSpe xalxebs Soris mSvidoba Camovardeboda da orive keTildReobaSi icxovrebda. male Senoba mzad iyo. skolaSi swavla orive xalxis Svilebma daiwyes. mSoblebi da mas-wavleblebi movlenebs Tvals daZabulebi adevnebd-nen. Tavdapirvelad, moswavleebs Soris problemebi arsebobda. isini xSirad kamaTobdnen da Cxubobdnen kidec, magram, rogorc cnobilia, bavSvebi erTmaneTs advilad umegobrdebian da TandaTanobiT mdgomare-oba gamosworda. maswavlebeli mkacri iyo, magram samarTliani. igi orive xalxis warmomadgenlebs erTnairad eqceoda. bavSvebs skolaSi orive xalxis cxovrebis wesis pativiscemas aswavlidnen. tyis pi-ras mdebare skolis moswavleTa ricxvi TandaTan izrdeboda. amave dros, arsebobdnen adamianebi rom-lebsac ar surdaT, rom maT Svilebs meore xalxis SvilebTan erTad eswavlaT. isini imis momxreebi

43

iyvnen, rom orive xalxisTvis cal-calke skolebi gaxsniliyo. am azrisAmomxreebi gansakuTrebiT War-bobda maT Soris, vinc tyis piras cxovrobda. isini cdilobdnen rom TavianTi nacnob-megobrebi daer-wmunebinaT imaSi, rom saerTo skolaSi Svilebi ar gaeSvaT. erT dilas, rodesac moswavleebi skolaSi mividnen, maTAskola gadamwvari daxvdaT. skolis adgilas mxolod nangrevebi iyo darCenili.

aqtivoba 1:

unda aRdges Tu ara skola? qvemoT motanili argumentebidan romelia skolis aRdgenis sasarge-blo da romeli – sawinaaRmdego?

• moswavleebi tolerantulebi gaizrdebian da mSoblebsac igives aswavlian.• saerTo skola ufro metad gaaRvivebs da-pirispirebas.• skola moexmareba adamianebs, daZlion bari-erebi da crurwmenebi.• skolis megobari mTeli cxovrebisMmegobaria, ase rom kargia, rodesac sxvadasxva kulturis adamianebi erTad swavloben. E• azri ara aqvs. axal skolas mainc dawvaven.• saerTo skolam xalxebs SeiZleba sakuTari kultura daakargvinos.• momavali axalgazrdebisaa da maT unda iswav-lon erTad cxovreba.DA A • moswavleebi sxva kulturis pativiscemas is-wavlian.• maswavleblebisTvis ufro advilia iseT mos-wavleebTan muSaoba, romelTac saerTo kultura

44

aqvT.• maswavlebeli Tavad swavlobs, rogor unda iyos ufro tolerantuli gansxvavebuli kul-turis mqone moswavleebis mimarT.• kidev ra? daamateT Tqveni mosazrebebi.

aqtivoba 2:

qvemoT motanili mosazrebebidan, Tqveni azriT, romeli ufro gvaswavlis pativiscemas sxva kul-turis mimarT? daalageT Tanmimdevrulad.

• skolaSi sxvadasxva erovnebis maswavleblebi unda aswavlidnen.• moswavleebs unda utardebodeT gakveTilebi adamianis uflebebze da tolerantobaze. • im skolebis moswavleebma, sadac sxvadas-va erovnebis moswavleebi swavloben, saerTo proeqtebSi unda miiRon monawileoba.• skolaSi unda aRiniSnebodes sxvadasxva xalx-ebis erovnuli dResaswaulebi da unda imarTe-bodes xalxuri koncertebi.• mkacrad unda daisajos yvela is moswavle, vinc sxva kulturis warmomadgenels pativs ar scems an amcirebs.• Tu erovnuli umciresobis warmomadgenels swavla uWirs, maT gansakuTrebulad unda daex-maroT.• kidev ra? daamateT Tqveni mosazrebebi.

45

aqtivoba 3:

Tqven rogor fiqrobT, unda aRdges skola Tu ara? ra argumentebi gaqvT Tqveni mosazrebis dasas-abuTeblad? Tqven TviTon Tu iswavlidiT aseT sko-laSi?

situacia 2.

araqarTulenovan moswavles, sxva moswavleebTan SedarebiT, aqvs dabali enobrivi kompetencia. igi swavlobs qarTul skolaSi, sadac sxva moswavlee-bisTvis qarTuli ena mSobliuria. maswavlebeli dabali enobrivi kompetenciis gamo moswavlis izo-lirebas axdens da ar rTavs mas saswavlo procesSi, rasac Sesabamis axsnasac uZebnis: `Sen xom qarTu-lad ramdenime sityvas Zlivs abam erTmaneTze~.

mniSvnelovania, yvela maswavlebelma gaiTval-iswinos, rom dabali enobrivi kompetencia ar niS-navs dabali kognituri ganviTarebis unars. es ar niSnavs, rom moswavle ver azrovnebs da ar gaaCnia gansjis unari. aseT SemTxvevaSi, misi saswavlo pro-cesidan izolirebis nacvlad, pedagogma unda gam-oiyenos yvela strategia da resursi maqsimalurad integrirebisa da misi codnis warmosaCenad. miuxe-davad dabali enobrivi kompetenciisa, igi SeiZleba erT-erT yvelaze warmatebul moswavled iqces, izo-lacia ki daTrgunavs da swavlis motivacias gau-qrobs.

46

situacia 3.

mowveuli stumari

raime konkretuli Temis swavlebisas stumris mowveva, agreTve, efeqturi gzaa swavlebis procesSi. mowveuli stumari damatebiT interess zrdis mo-swavleebSi, garda amisa, moswavleebi ismenen imis-gan gansxvavebul pespeqtivebs, xedvebs da midgomebs, rasac maswavlebeli awvdiT. mniSvnelovania, mowveu-li stumris SerCevisas misi kulturuli mraval-ferovnebac iyos gaTvaliswinebuli. SesaZlebelia moiwvioT stumari, romelic warmatebuli iyo Tavis sferoSi saqarTveloSi da, amave dros, warmatebebs miaRwia saqarTvelos farglebs gareTac. an stu-mari, romelic, kulturuli identobis Tvalsaz-risiT, umciresobas warmoadgens, Tumca es ar gamx-dara dabrkoleba sazogadoebaSi integraciisTvis. SesaZlebelia, mowveul iyos saqarTveloSi droe-biT macxovrebeli piri da moswavleebs gauziaros sakuTari mosazrebebi garkveul sakiTxebTan dakav-SirebiT, sakuTari kulturuli msoflmxedvelobi-dan gamomdinare danaxuli da aRqmuli qarTuli re-aloba.

situacia 4.

TanatolTa swavleba

saswavlo procesSi moswavleTa CarTulobisT-vis didi mniSvneloba aqvs TanatolTa swavlebis strategias. igi SeiZleba gamoviyenoT

a) moswavleebs Soris inteleqtualuri monace-

47

mebis mkveTri sxvaobis SemTxvevaSi; b) moswavleebSi urTierTTanamSromlobis daba-

li xarisxis SemTxvevaSi. maswavlebeli qmnis ori moswavlisagan Sem-

dgar jgufs: erTi aswavlis, meore swavlobs. gTava-zobT erT-erTi moswavlis monaTxrobs imis Ses-axeb, Tu ra Sedegi gamoiRo TanatolTa swavlebis strategiam:

`me gamovicvale skola da rusuli skolidan gadavedi qarTul skolaSi. Tavdapirvelad sakmaod dabneuli, faqtobrivad, dakarguliviT viyavi klasSi. roca maswavlebeli axsnas iwyebda, verafers vigebdi. gansakuTrebiT gamiWirda maTematika. maswavlebeli gvaswavlida gayofas, magram dafaze cifrebs da gay-ofis niSnebs iseTi formiT werda, romelic ucxo iyo CemTvis da verafers vgebulobdi. me gayofisas sxva meTods viyenebdi, magram raSi iyo gansxvaveba, ver vamCnevdi da verc maswavlebeli xvdeboda, ratom ver vigebdi da ras mixsnida gansxvavebulad. erT-erTi Tanaklaseli mixvda Cems gaWirvebas da Tavise-burad, Zalian martivad amixsna, rogor asrulebda gayofas. misi axsnis Semdeg CemTvis yvelaferi na-Teli gaxda da aRarasodes Semqmnia problema.. . . “

situacia 5.

gTavazobT ramdenime cxrils, sadac mocemulia aqtivobebi (Temebisa da sagnebis mixedviT) multi-kulturul konteqstSi bavSvTa enobrivi ganviTare-bisa da miRwevebis monitoingisaTvis. masala amoRe-bulia proeqtidan -Multilingual Education in Georgia project 2006 – 2008 Annex 1.3.

48

Mul

tilin

gual

Edu

catio

n in

Geo

rgia

pro

ject

200

6 –

2008

A

nnex

1.3

. 1

T

ema: `xil

i da bostneuli”

sag

ani

mizani

Sin

aarsi

qarTuli

e na (3sT.)

moswavles

SeeZl

eba

�xil

is d

a bostneulis

martivi

sax

eleb

is

amokiTxva

(ilustrac

iaze

dayrdno

biT

);

�xil

is d

a bostneulis

martivi

sax

eleb

is

daw

era (ilustrac

iaze

dayrdno

biT

);

�mo

swavles

SeeZl

eba

martivi

win

adad

ebis

daw

era da amokiTxva;

�mo

swavles

SeeZl

eba

suraT

ze da masze

miwer

il s

axel

ze

dayrdno

biT

das

vas

martivi

kiTxvebi

xil

is

da bostneulis

Ses

axeb

da upasuxos maT

.

zepir

metyvel

eba:

es r

a xil

ia/bostneulia?

es aris

. . .

me (ar

) miyvar

s . . .

romeli xil

i/bostneuli giyvars?

leqsika: x

ili, b

ostneuli, atami, b

ali,

vaSli, msxal

i, yurZeni

, mand

arin

i,

forToxal

i, s

imin

di, n

esvi, saz

amTro,

kitri, kar

tofil

i, pomidori, x

axvi,

staf

ilo (wer

isTvis aqedan air

Ceva

sit

yveb

i imis

da mixed

viT, Tu r

a as

oeb

i aqvT

gavlil

i da ra und

a gaiar

on).

bunebis

-mc

odne-

oba

(1sT.)

moswavles

SeeZl

eba

�xil

is d

a bostneulis

gar

Ceva;

�xil

is d

a bostneulis

amocno

ba naxat

ze;

�das

axel

eba, s

ad

izrdeb

a, r

aSi

aucil

ebel

ia s

wavleb

a ar

seb

uli

naxat

ebis

an

cocxal

i magal

iTeb

is

saf

uZvel

ze

sakvebi

mcenar

eebi: x

ili

da bostneuli.

moswavle samuSao

rveulSi (wig

nSi)

miaw

ers s

uraT

s s

axel

s.

T e m a : ` x i l i

49

Mul

tilin

gual

Edu

catio

n in

Geo

rgia

pro

ject

200

6 –

2008

A

nnex

1.3

. 2

gamoiyeneb

a.

xel

ovne-

ba/

Sroma

(1sT.)

moswavles

SeeZl

eba

�fer

ebis

/mas

alis

Ser

Ceva;

�ar

atrad

iciu

li

masal

is g

amoyeneba

namu

Sevris

Ses

aqmnel

ad;

�kl

asis

winaS

e sakuTar

i namu

Sevris

war

modgena;

�ganuviTar

deb

a xel

isa

da Tvalis

ko

ordin

acia.

moswavle xat

avs s

ayvarel

xil

s d

a bostneuls d

a miaw

ers s

axel

s.

moswavle war

moad

gens n

axat

s klas

is

winaS

e (aCveneb

s d

a as

axel

ebs)

a n/d

a mo

swavle af

erad

ebs s

xvadas

xva

fer

ebad

xil

is d

a bostneulis

naxat

ebs d

a aw

ers s

axel

ebs. mo

swavle

war

moad

gens n

axat

s klas

is w

inaS

e (aCveneb

s d

a as

axel

ebs).

fiz

kul-

tura

(2sT.)

�samuSao

s g

anaw

ileb

a gund

uri mu

Sao

bis

as;

�dax

mareb

is u

naris

ganviTar

eba;

�sivrciT

i orient

acia,

�sir

bil

i.

TamaS

i #1: “naxat

i-sit

yva” _

gund

ebma

rac

SeiZl

eba swraf

ad u

nda mo

Zebno

n da er

Tad

daalag

on

dar

baz

Si

daf

antuli

xil

isa da bostneulis

naxat

ebi

da maTi

Ses

abamis

i sit

yveb

i.

d a b o s t n e u l i ~

50

Mul

tilin

gual

Edu

catio

n in

Geo

rgia

pro

ject

200

6 –

2008

A

nnex

1.3

. 1

T

ema: `cxoveleb

i da frin

veleb

i”

2 kvir

a

sag

ani

mizani

Sin

aarsi

qarTuli

e na

(3sT.+3sT)

moswavle SeZleb

s

�cxoveleb

is d

a frin

veleb

is mar

tivi

sax

eleb

is

amokiTxvas

(ilustrac

iaze

dayrdno

biT

);

�cxoveleb

is d

a frin

veleb

is mar

tivi

sax

eleb

is d

awer

as

(ilustrac

iaze

dayrdno

biT

);

�martivi

win

adad

ebis

daw

eras

a da

amokiTxvas;

�suraT

ze da masze

miwer

il s

axel

ze

dayrdno

biT

das

vas

martivi

kiTxvebi

cxoveleb

is d

a frinveleb

is S

esax

eb

da upasuxos maT

.

ra ar

is es?

es aris

(Txa, b

u . . .).

es r

a cxovelia?

es r

a frin

velia?

es aris

. . .

leqsika:

ZaRli, kat

a, T

agvi, Txa, Zroxa, x

bo,

kameCi, Rori, c

xvari, i

xvi, bat

i,

indau

ri, qaT

ami, b

eRura, mer

cxal

i,

bu, Wia, lomi, mg

eli, mel

a, arwivi,

maimuni

, gveli, g

edi, s

pilo, Zera,

daT

vi, ciyvi, kudi, T

aTi, f

rTa

( wer

isTvis aqedan air

Ceva s

ityveb

i imis

da mixed

viT, Tu r

a as

oeb

i aqvT

gavlil

i da ra und

a gaiar

on).

T e m a : ` c x o v e l e b i

51

Mul

tilin

gual

Edu

catio

n in

Geo

rgia

pro

ject

200

6 –

2008

A

nnex

1.3

. 2

bunebis

-mc

odne-

oba

(1sT.+1s

T)

moswavle SeZleb

s

�cxoveleb

isa da

frin

veleb

is

gar

Cevas;

�cxoveleb

isa da

frin

veleb

is

amocno

bas

nax

atze;

�maTi

sxeu

lis

nawil

ebis

(ku

dis

, TaT

is d

a frTis

das

axel

ebas

il

ustrac

iaze

dayrdno

biT

);

�Sin

auri

da gar

euli

cxovelis

/frin

velis

gar

Cevas.

a ucil

ebel

ia s

wavleb

a ar

seb

uli

naxat

ebis

an

cocxal

i magal

iTeb

is

saf

uZvel

ze

ZaRli, kat

a, T

agvi, Txa, Zroxa, x

bo,

kameCi, Rori, c

xvari, i

xvi, bat

i,

indau

ri, qaT

ami, b

eRura, mer

cxal

i,

bu, Wia, lomi, mg

eli, mel

a, arwivi,

maimuni

, gveli, g

edi, s

pilo, Zera,

daT

vi, ciyvi, kudi, T

aTi, f

rTa.

Sin

auri

da gar

euli

cxoveleb

i.

xel

ovne-

ba/ S

roma

(2sT.+2s

T)

�xel

isa da Tvalis

ko

ordin

acii

s

ganviTar

eba;

�fer

ebis

/mas

alis

Ser

Ceva;

�kl

asis

winaS

e sakuTar

i namu

Sevris

war

modgenis

unaris

ganviTar

eba.

moswavle xat

avs c

xoveleb

s,

roml

ebic

gar

s akr

avs d

a aw

ers

sax

eleb

s. mo

swavle war

moad

gens

naxat

s klas

is w

inaS

e (aCveneb

s d

a as

axel

ebs)

an/d

a mo

swavle af

erad

ebs s

xvadas

xva

fer

ebad

cxoveleb

is d

a frin

veleb

is

naxat

ebs d

a aw

ers s

axel

ebs.

moswavle war

moad

gens n

axat

s klas

is

win

aSe (aCveneb

s d

a as

axel

ebs).

an/d

a sxvadas

xva mas

alis

gamoyenebiT

(gir

Ca, pl

astel

ini, f

oTleb

i, b

rin

ji

. . .)

akeT

ebs c

xoveleb

s da

plas

tel

iniT

gamoZerwil

i (an

d a f r i n v e l e b i ~

52

Mul

tilin

gual

Edu

catio

n in

Geo

rgia

pro

ject

200

6 –

2008

A

nnex

1.3

. 3

amoWril

i) asoeb

iT awer

s s

axel

s.

moswavle war

moad

gens n

amuSevar

s

klas

is w

inaS

e (aCveneb

s d

a as

axel

ebs).

fiz

kul-

tura

(2sT.+2s

T)

�samuSao

s g

anaw

ileb

a gund

uri mu

Sao

bis

as;

�ko

ordin

acia;

�sivrciT

i orient

acia,

�sir

bil

i.

TamaS

i #1: `loto c

xoveleb

iT d

a frin

veleb

iT” (sit

yveb

i). _ g

und

ebma

rac

SeiZl

eba swraf

ad moZebno

n dar

baz

is s

xvadas

xva ked

elze

dakid

ebuli

bar

aTeb

i sxvadas

xva

sax

eliT

, Camo

xsnan

da miusad

agon

gund

isTvis mic

emuli

cxovelis

an

frin

velis

ramdenime naxat

s.

TamaS

i #2: `loto c

xoveleb

iT d

a frin

veleb

iT” (asoeb

i). _ g

und

ebma

rac

SeiZl

eba swraf

ad moZebno

n dar

baz

is s

xvadas

xva ked

elze

dakid

ebuli

bar

aTeb

i sxvadas

xva

asoeb

iT, Camo

xsnan

da Seavs

on

gund

isTvis mic

emuli

cxovelis

an

frin

velis

ramdenime naxat

is qveS

arseb

uli

ujreb

i.

53

situacia 6.

qalbatoni marina erT-erTi skolis qarTuli enis maswavlebelia. Uigi axali saswavlo wlis da-sawyebad emzadeba. man, upirveles yovlisa, klasis mowyobaze izruna. klasis mowyobisas misi mTavari mizani iyo saklaso oTaxi gaemzadebina moswavle-Ta aqtiuri muSaobisTvis, da ara pasiuri smenisT-vis. radgan qalbatoni marinas skola kulturuli mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva da klasSic sxvadasx-va eTnikuri jgufis warmomadgenlebi iqnebodnen, man iyida qarTuli, afxazuri, rusuli, inglisuri, somx-uri, azerbaijanuli da osuri anbani da kedelze gamoakra, enaTa xesTan erTad, romelic aCvenebda msoflios ZiriTadi enebis fesvebs. aseve, qalbatonma marinam kedelze gamoakra wina klasis moswavleTa suraTebi, romelic maTi aqtiuri muSaobis process gadmoscemda.

wels Qqalbatoni marina axal klasSi Sedis, sa-dac 24 moswavle iqneba. moswavleebi erTmaneTisa-gan gansxvavdebian rogorc eTnikuri warmomavlo-biT, aseve, eniT, socialuri mdgomareobiT da wina wlebis akademiuri moswrebiT. saswavlo wlis daw-yebamde qalbatonma marinam kargad Seiswavla Ti-Toeuli moswavlis saskolo istoria. mas kargad esmoda, rom moswavleTa gansxvavebuloba niSnavda maT gansxvavebul swavlis stilsa da gansxvavebul interesebs. Sesabamisad, mas unda daekmayofilebina yvela moswavlis interesi, rac aSkarad gamowveva iyo misi profesiuli saqmianobisTvis.

54

saswavlo wlis pirveli kvira

qalbatonma marinam pirveli ori kvira sain-tereso da megobruli saswavlo garemos Seqmnas dauTmo. pirveli gakveTilis dasrulebis Semdeg man sTxova moswavleebs, meore dRisTvis mSoblebTan er-Tad moemzadebinaT sakuTari saxelebisa da gvarebis istoriebi. agreTve, sTxova moswavleebs, gaerkviaT, Tu hqondaT maTs saxelebs rame mniSvneloba sxva enaze. `xvalindel dRes Cven daviwyebT erTmaneTis interviuebiT, raTa gamovceT gazeTi Cveni klasis Sesaxeb~- ganucxada man moswavleebs.

meore dRes qalbatonma marinam gakveTili mos-wavleTa dawyvilebiT daiwyo. dawyvilebis princi-pad moswavleTa dabadebis dReebi airCia: moswavle wyvildeboda im moswavlesTan, romlis dabadebis dRec mis dabadebis dResTan yvelaze axlos iyo. moswavleTa dawyvilebis Semdeg qalbatonma marinam maT kiTxvebis CamonaTvali gaacno, romelic erTma-neTTan intervius dros unda gamoeyenebinaT:

1. ra gqvia? ra mogwons an ar mogwons Sens saxelTan dakavSirebiT?2. rogor dagarqves es saxeli? vis sapativsac-emod dagarqves? vin dagarqva?3. Seni ojaxis romelime wevrs Tu hqvia igive saxeli?4. gyavs megobari, romelsac igive saxeli hqvia?5. aris vinme cnobili adamiani, vinc imave saxels atarebs?6. mogwons is adamianebi, visac Seni saxeli hqvia? magaliTad...7. Sens saxels rame sxva mniSvneloba Tu aqvs?

55

8. saidan warmoiSva Seni saxeli? sxva enaSi Tu aris Seni saxeli da rogor gamoiTqmis is? 9. ojaxSi ras geZaxian? gaqvs rame metsaxeli?10. ra girCevnia dagiZaxoT, Seni saxeli Tu metsaxeli, romelsac ojaxSi geZaxian?

moswavleebma erTmaneTTan interviuebs TxuTme-ti wuTi dauTmes, ris Semdegac qalbatonma marinam maT sTxova, moeTxroT mTeli klasisTvis is, rac mewyvileze Seityves. moswavleTa monaTxrobs mas-wavlebeli aqtiurad iniSnavda, raTa ar gamorCeno-da rame mniSvnelovani detali. bolos qalbatonma marinam aiRo fotoaparati da TiToeul moswavles dafaze dawerili misive saxelis fonze gadauRo suraTi, raTa klasis gazeTSi ganeTavsebina.

Semdeg gakveTilze qalbatonma marinam sTxova moswavleebs, gaerkviaT, Tu ramden enaze SeeZloT klasSi myof moswavleebs saubari. aRmoCnda, rom yve-la bavSvi laparakobda qarTulad da inglisurad. Tumca cal-calke SeeZloT esaubraT afxazurad, os-urad, rusulad, somxurad, azerbaijanulad, frangu-lad da ukrainulad. radgan saklaso oTaxSi enaTa aseTi mravalferovneba iyo warmodgenili, qalba-tonma marinam SesTavaza moswavleebs, CamoeTvalaT is sityvebi, romlebic saerTo iyo qarTulisTvis da romelime sxva enisTvis, romelzec klasSi romelime moswavle saubrobda. am savarjiSomac Zalian gaax-alisa moswavleebi, aRmoaCines Zalian bevri saerTo sityva, magaliTad:

qarTul-somxuri saerTo sityvebi:Toki, xazi, wesi, Citi, kenWi, bRavili, Toxi, ojaxi,

droSa WeSmariteba...…qarTul-azerbaijanuli: xalxi, TariRi, fanjara,

56

jami, fasi,salami, Cai, xali, fuli, jibe, meidani, bul-buli...

erT-erT moswavles gauCnda idea, `nasesxebi si-tyvebis leqsikoni~ SeeqmnaT, romelzec mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi imuSavebda mTeli klasi.

momdevno gakveTili mTlianad klasis gazeTis Seqmnas daeTmo. Ggarda gaformebisa da erTmane-Tis Sesaxeb informaciis gadatanisa, maswavlebelma maT sTxova, iseTi igav-araki gaexsenebinaT, romelic gazeTis SuagulSi ganTavsdeboda da yvelaze metad asaxavda klasSi arsebul situacias (mravalfer-ovnebis konteqsts). moswavleebma Semdegi igav-araki gaixsenes da Caweres gazeTis SuagulSi:

igav-arakierT saxlSi cxovrobda kata, romelic verasodes

axerxebda Tagvis daWeras. erT dResac gamoekida Tagvs da is-is iyo, unda daeWira, rom Tagvma pat-ara xvrelSi SeZvroma moaswro da katas aRaraferi darCenoda, garda imisa, rom damjdariyo im patara xvrelTan da dalodeboda, rodis gamoZvreboda Tagvi. ucabedad Tagvs ZaRlis xma moesma da if-iqra, rom radgan ZaRli saxlSi iyo, kata gaiqceoda da aRar daiwyebda xvrelTan lodins. Sesabamisad, Tagvi xvrelidan gamoZvra da moulodnelad katis klanWebSi amoyo Tavi. `ki, magram ZaRli sad aris?~ – ikiTxa akankalebulma Tagvma. `ZaRli ki ara, es me viyavi, ZaRliviT daviyefe, rom Sen daimedebuli gamomZvraliyavi xvrelidan,~- gadaixarxara gamar-jvebulma katam da Semdeg daamata, - `Cemo kargo, Tu sul mcire or enaze ar laparakob, dRevandel dRes veranair warmatebas ver miaRwevo.~

SabaT-kviras qalbatonma marinam isev Caxeda mo-

57

swavleTa istoriebs, im gakveTilis Canawerebs, mos-wavleebma sakuTari saxelebis Sesaxeb interviuebi rom gaakeTes, agreTve naxa im gakveTilis Canawerebi, sadac moswavleebi sakuTaris enis codnis Sesaxeb saubrobdnen. am sam wyaroze dayrdnobiT, qalbaton-ma marinam Seadgina klasis lingvisturi repertu-aris sqema.

saswavlo wlis meore kvira

Semdeg kviras, qalbatonma marinam gadawyvita, klasSi stumari moeyvana. stumrobis survili erT-erTi moswavlis babuamac ki gamoTqva da momdevno dRes estumra qarTuli enis gakveTilze. man uambo moswavleebs sakuTari ojaxis historia. misi ojaxi iZulebuli iyo, 1921 wels, saqarTvelos damoukide-blobis dakargvis Semdeg, gadasaxlebuliyo sa-frangeTSi da iq gaegrZelebina cxovreba. stumarma gaacno bavSvebs maTi ojaxis franguli cxovrebis detalebi; mouyva, rogor gaxda misi saqarTvelodan devnili babua sorbonis universitetis profesori; ras moRvaweobdnen mamamisi da TviTon safrangeTSi da ra siZneleebTan iyo dakavSirebuli maTi fran-gul sazogadoebaSi integrireba. Mmowveuli stum-ris monaTxrobma didi STabeWdileba moaxdina bavS-vebze.

am magaliTSi Cans ramdenime strategia, romel-ic qalbatonma marinam jansaRi saswavlo garemos Sesaqmnelad gamoiyena. es daexmara, rom gacnoboda moswavleebs, moswavleebic gacnobodnen erTmaneTs da amis mixedviT daesaxa TiToeul moswavlesTan muSaobis gegma.

58

gamoyenebuli literatura

zaal kikviZe, sociolingvistikur terminTa glosariumi, quTaisi, 2008;

g. ramiSvili, dedaenis Teoria. dedaena, misi fun-qciebi da misi swavleba. Tbilisi, 2000.

ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ganaTlebis special-istebisaTvis; pirveli nawili; erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centri; Tbilisi, 2007;

ganmartebiTi leqsikoni ganaTlebis special-istebisaTvis; meore nawili; erovnuli saswavlo gegmebis da Sefasebis centri; Tbilisi, 2008;

enobrivi ganaTlebis politikis ganviTareba ev-ropaSi; enobrivi mravalferovnebidan _ mravaleno-van ganaTlebamde; Tbilisi, 2008.

padraig o’ riageni, jorj liudi, bilingvuri ganaTleba: ZiriTadi strategiuli amocanebi; Tbili-si, 2008.

Abdallah-Pretceille M., 1999, L’éducation interculturelle, Par-is, PUF.

Aguirre, Jr. A & Martinez, R. O. (2006).Diversity leadership in higher education, ASHE higher education report, 32 (3).

Anderson, K. S., Macphee, D. & Govan D. (2000). Infusion of multicultural issues in curricula: A students Perspective. Innovative Higher Education, 25 (1), 37-57.

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60

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61