Sahil Dmis Project

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    PROJECT ON

    DISASTER MANAGEMENT

    INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

    BABA BANDA SINGH BAHADUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

    FATEHGARH SAHIB

    SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

    Lect:- Er. Shweta verma SAHIL JHANJI

    Reg No.007829006885

    lakhvir Singh

    Red No.007829007904

    Karamjeet Singh

    Reg No.007829006868

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    OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

    The objective of the project is to develop a Disaster Management

    Information System (DMIS) .Disaster management has recently

    increased in importance because of the growing awareness of costs

    associated with disasters, both natural and man-made .It can provide

    accurate information document on internet using HTML ,CSS &

    Adobe Dreamweaver. This will help you to be aware of natural

    calamities , man made disasters & also provide information on hazards,

    vulnerability, and risk mapping, monitor, assess, forecast, and predict

    natural .

    Disaster management is a typically multi-disciplinary endeavor,requiring various types of data with spatial and temporal attributes. It

    cuts across many boundaries, including organizational, political,

    geographic, professional, topical, sect oral and sociological. Lack of

    critical and timely information for natural disasters is characteristic of

    developing countries particularly those emerging from decades of war

    and civil conflict; Afghanistan is not an exception. The Government of

    Afghanistan is very much under-resourced; it relies heavily on thehumanitarian community particularly the UN in responding and

    managing natural disasters. The country, like most other developing

    countries does not have a disaster risk information management

    capability to documents hazards, vulnerability, & risks at whatever

    scale, including their characteristics, impacts, or related historical data.

    Related data exists within some Government Departments in fragmented

    formats, not in any structured computerized format, and not sharedamongst departments. This Pilot project aims at developing a Disaster

    Management Information System (DMIS) for Afghanistan together with

    building the capacity of DDP to maintain, update and disseminate

    information to stakeholders and users for decision-making at multiple

    levels.

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    The success of disaster management largely depends on

    availability, dissemination and effective use of information. The

    information needs will include current information on weather, climate,

    infrastructure (roads, hospital, markets, administrative boundaries),

    socio-economic data etc to use in assessing natural hazards. Currently,

    such data are being generated by multiple users; governmentdepartments, NGOs, the UN Agencies, and the private sectors. Data is

    fragmented, stored in multiple locations, and formats, making it difficult

    to bring together to support disaster management activities. In addition,

    there is a need to assess the disaster in terms of location, extend and

    likely impact so as plan relief and recovery actions.

    Due to the limited duration of this pilot project, and the complex data

    requirements of modeling most of the natural hazards such as

    earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, and mudslides, this project will

    focus on floods, erosion and drought.

    Disaster management being a multi-disciplinary Endeavour would

    require working with multiple stakeholders and users each with its own

    interests. To be able to model the information needs of all stakeholders

    and users in this pilot project would require a much longer time to

    accomplish, thus this project will focus on key government ministries

    such as Planning, Health, Agriculture etc.

    Once the pilot project is successfully implemented, the need to develop a

    National Disaster Management Information System covering all disaster

    prone districts and provinces in the country becomes imperative.

    Government is then able to reliable take action decisions based on

    accurate and timely decisions. Information relating to the spatial and

    temporal aspect of natural hazards, their characteristics, impacts and

    frequencies of occurrence becomes common knowledge to a resilient

    knowledge based communities.

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    Early Warning System

    Cyclone Forecasting

    Tropical Cyclones are intense low pressure systems which develop over

    warm sea. They are capable of causing immense damage due to strong

    winds, heavy rains and storm surges. The frequency of the TC in the Bayof Bengal is 4 to 5 times more than in the Arabian Sea. About 35% of

    initial disturbances in the north Indian ocean reach TC stage of which

    45% become severe.

    Flood Forecasting

    Flooding is caused by the inadequate capacity within the banks of the

    rivers to contain the high flow brought down from the upper catchments

    due to heavy rainfall. It is also caused by accumulation of water

    resulting from heavy spells of rainfall over areas, which have got poor

    drainage characteristics

    The following workflow hypotheses are made in respect of this project:

    Natural hazards may or may not occur in a community or district,

    There may be more than one natural hazards affecting a district,

    How much a district would loose as a result of the occurrence of anatural hazard of a given

    magnitude would depend on its vulnerability,

    Population, properties, and economic activities are at risk in any given

    area,

    Many Ministries have specific units that deal with disaster

    management,

    Disaster management information is required by multiple levels ofusers,

    Natural hazards become disasters when they occur in areas with

    population, properties, or

    economic activities,

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    When a major disaster occurs, lives, properties, economic activities

    may be lost, damaged or

    disrupted,

    Hazard connation maps are crucial information when considering

    development projects

    Disaster management is the process of

    addressing an event that has the potential to seriously disrupt the social

    fabric of the community. Disaster management is similar to disaster

    mitigation, however it implies a whole-of-government approach to using

    community resources to fight the effects of an event and assumes the

    community will be self-sufficient for periods of time until the situation

    can be stabilized. Through disaster management, we cannot completely

    counteract the damage but it is possible to minimize the risks through

    early warning, provide developmental plans for recuperation from the

    disaster, generate communication and medical resources, and aid in

    rehabilitation and post-disaster reconstruction.

    The exchange of correct information following the event is important, in

    order to ensure the resources necessary to support response and recovery

    activities. The 72 hours following a major event is the most difficulttime because of a lack of coordination among relief organizations.

    Problems that interrupt rather than coordinate the rescue efforts of all

    groups involved often occur because of hasty decision-making under

    complicated circumstances and the large number of organizations, which

    are unsure of their roles during operations.

    Disaster management is essentially a development problem and thus

    any preparedness and mitigation planning will have to be taken up in

    tandem with environmental concerns that the country is facing

    today.The Government of India has set up a National Committee on

    Disaster Management (NCDM) under the Chairmanship of the Prime

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    Minister. The recommendations of this National Committee would form

    the basis of national disaster risk management programme and

    strengthening the natural disaster management and response

    mechanisms. The High Powered Committee [HPC] on Disaster

    Management Plans was earlier constituted in August 1999. The mandate

    of the HPC was to prepare Disaster Management Plans at national, Stateand district level and also suggest strengthening of existing

    arrangements. The recommendations of the HPC relating to the

    distribution of relief and human resource development that primarily

    concerns the States have been communicated to the States for

    appropriate action. The Ministry of Home Affairs in the National

    Government is the new nodal ministry for disaster management.

    Disaster management is deemed to be a state subject and different

    states have initiated efforts to strengthen their agencies responsible for

    disaster management. Orissa State Disaster Mitigation Authority and

    Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority are constituted after two

    major disasters that the respective states have experienced.

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    Feasibility Study

    Feasibility study is conducted on the basis of initial study of the system. It is

    the second phase of system development life cycle. It is basically the test of

    the proposed system in the light of its workability, meeting users

    requirements, and effective use of resources and the cost effectiveness of

    system. The main purpose of feasibility study is not to solve the problem but

    to achieve the scope. In the process of feasibility study, the cost and benefits

    are estimated with greater accuracy.

    The feasibility study focuses on three main questions:

    1. What are the user demonstrable needs and how does a proposed system

    them?2. What resources are available for the system under consideration? Is the

    problem worth solving?

    3. What are the likely impact of the system under consideration on the

    organization? How well the system under consideration will fit within the

    organizations management information system plan?

    The feasibility study must answer these questions carefully. They revolvearound evaluation and investigation of the problem. This investigation may

    propose one or more systems. The best system is selected as proposed system

    depending upon the specification of performance and cost of the system.

    A Feasibility Study is the analysis of a problem to determine if it can be

    solved effectively. The results determine whether the solution should be

    implemented. This activity takes place during the project initiation phase

    and is made before significant expenses are engaged.

    Use this template to:

    Perform a preliminary study to determine a project's viability.

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    Analyze an existing system to see if it is worth upgrading.

    Determine if there is sufficient time to build the new system, when

    it can be built, whether it interferes with operations, type and

    amount of resources required, dependencies, etc.

    Establish the cost-effectiveness of the proposed system.

    Determine if the system conflicts with legal requirements.

    A feasibility study is an evaluation of a proposal designed to determine

    the difficulty in carrying out a designated task. Generally, a feasibility

    study precedes technical development and project implementation. In

    other words, a feasibility study is an evaluation or analysis of the

    potential impact of a proposed project.

    Five common factors (TELOS)

    Technology and system feasibility

    The assessment is based on an outline design of system requirements in

    terms of Input, Processes, Output, Fields, Programs, and Procedures.

    This can be quantified in terms of volumes of data, trends, frequency of

    updating, etc. in order to estimate whether the new system will perform

    adequately or not. Technological feasibility is carried out to determinewhether the company has the capability, in terms of software, hardware,

    personnel and expertise, to handle the completion of the project.

    Economic feasibility

    Economic analysis is the most frequently used method for evaluating the

    effectiveness of a new system. More commonly known as cost/benefit

    analysis, the procedure is to determine the benefits and savings that areexpected from a candidate system and compare them with costs. If

    benefits outweigh costs, then the decision is made to design and

    implement the system. An entrepreneur must accurately weigh the cost

    versus benefits before taking an action.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-benefit_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-benefit_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-benefit_analysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-benefit_analysis
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    Cost Based Study: It is important to identify cost and benefit factors,

    which can be categorized as follows: 1. Development costs; and 2.

    Operating costs. This is an analysis of the costs to be incurred in the

    system and the benefits derivable out of the system.

    Time Based Study: This is an analysis of the time required to achieve a

    return on investments. the benefits derived from the system. The future

    value of a project is also a factor.

    Legal feasibility

    Determines whether the proposed system conflicts with legal

    requirements, e.g. a data processing system must comply with the localData Protection Acts.

    Operational feasibility

    Is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and

    takes advantages of the opportunities identified during scope definition

    and how it satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements

    analysis phase of system development.[1]

    Schedule feasibility

    A project will fail if it takes too long to be completed before it is useful.

    Typically this means estimating how long the system will take to

    develop, and if it can be completed in a given time period using some

    methods like payback period. Schedule feasibility is a measure of how

    reasonable the project timetable is. Given our technical expertise, are theproject deadlines reasonable? Some projects are initiated with specific

    deadlines. You need to determine whether the deadlines are mandatory

    or desirable...

    Other feasibility factors

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feasibility_study#cite_note-SAD-Global_Enterprise-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feasibility_study#cite_note-SAD-Global_Enterprise-0
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    Market and real estate feasibility

    Market Feasibility Study typically involves testing geographic locations

    for a real estate development project, and usually involves parcels of real

    estate land. Developers often conduct market studies to determine the

    best location within a jurisdiction, and to test alternative land uses forgiven parcels. Jurisdictions often require developers to complete

    feasibility studies before they will approve a permit application for

    retail, commercial, industrial, manufacturing, housing, office or mixed-

    use project. Market Feasibility takes into account the importance of the

    business in the selected area.

    Resource feasibility

    This involves questions such as how much time is available to build the

    new system, when it can be built, whether it interferes with normal

    business operations, type and amount of resources required,

    dependencies, etc. Contingency and mitigation plans should also be

    stated here.

    Cultural feasibility

    In this stage, the project's alternatives are evaluated for their impact on

    the local and general culture. For example, environmental factors need

    to be considered and these factors are to be well known. Further an

    enterprise's own culture can clash with the results of the project.

    Output

    The feasibility study outputs the feasibility study report, a reportdetailing the evaluation criteria, the study findings, and the

    recommendations.[2]

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feasibility_study#cite_note-fsr-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feasibility_study#cite_note-fsr-1
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    Software requirement Specification

    The system requirements specify what is expected by the users of the system

    from the system itself. The system requirements specify the functioning and

    properties of the system to be developed. There are two types of systemrequirements:

    1. Functional Requirements: System requirements that specify what the

    information system must do are frequently referred to as functional

    requirements. In other words, the requirements related to the functioning of

    the system are called functional requirements. The example of functional

    requirement may be the system should print the invoice of each sale

    transaction.

    2. Non-functional Requirements: System requirements that specify

    properties or qualities, which must be contain in the system, are called non-

    functional requirements. The example of non-functional requirements may

    be The system should increase the number of invoices generated in a

    working day.

    Purpose of Requirements Discovery

    The main purpose of requirement discovery and management is to correctly

    identify the knowledge, process and communication requirements for the

    usres of the new system. Failure to correctly identify system requirements

    may result in one or more of the following:

    1. The system may cost more than projected .

    2. The system may be delivered later than promised.

    3. The system may not meet the users expectations.

    4. The system may be reliable and prone to errors and downtime.

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    The process of requirements discovery consists of the following activities:

    1. Problem discovery and analysis.

    2. Requirement discovery

    3. Documenting and analyzing requirements.

    4. Requirements management.

    Here's the scenario: You're finishing up your latest HTML Help

    project...no more late nights or weekends...back to a "normal" 50-hour

    work week. That's when the development team lead strolls into your

    office and says she just got your manager's okay for you to help the

    development team "put together the functional requirements

    specification template for the next major project."

    "A what?" you ask with a look of semi-shock. Panic sets in. "What did I

    do to deserve this? I don't even know where to start! Maybe someone on

    the TECHWR-L list can help...."

    For technical writers who haven't had the experience of designing

    software requirements specifications (SRSs, also known as software

    functional specifications or system specifications) templates or even

    writing SRSs, they might assume that being given the opportunity to do

    so is either a reward or punishment for something they did (or failed to

    do) on a previous project. Actually, SRSs are ideal projects for technical

    writers to be involved with because they lay out the foundation for the

    development of a new product and for the types of user documentation

    and media that will be required later in the project development life

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    cycle. It also doesn't hurt that you'd be playing a visible role in

    contributing to the success of the project.

    This article will describe what an SRS is and why it's important, discuss

    how and why technical writers should be involved with them, and

    discuss the critical elements for writing an SRS. Although this article

    does not attempt to address all aspects of developing SRSs, it aims to

    help you determine the scope for such a project, to provide some

    guidelines for writing SRSs, and to provide additional resources.

    Hopefully with this information, you'll not be asking, "Why me?" but

    proclaiming "Why not me?"

    What is a Software Requirements Specification?

    An SRS is basically an organization's understanding (in writing) of a

    customer or potential client's system requirements and dependencies at a

    particular point in time (usually) prior to any actual design or

    development work. It's a two-way insurance policy that assures that boththe client and the organization understand the other's requirements from

    that perspective at a given point in time. The SRS document itself states

    in precise and explicit language those functions and capabilities a

    software system (i.e., a software application, an eCommerce Web site,

    and so on) must provide, as well as states any required constraints by

    which the system must abide. The SRS also functions as a blueprint for

    completing a project with as little cost growth as possible. The SRS is

    often referred to as the "parent" document because all subsequent project

    management documents, such as design specifications, statements of

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    work, software architecture specifications, testing and validation plans,

    and documentation plans, are related to it. It's important to note that an

    SRS contains functional and nonfunctional requirements only; it doesn't

    offer design suggestions, possible solutions to technology or business

    issues, or any other information other than what the development team

    understands the customer's system requirements to be. A well-designed,

    well-written SRS accomplishes four major goals:

    It provides feedback to the customer. An SRS is the

    customer's assurance that the development organization

    understands the issues or problems to be solved and the

    software behavior necessary to address those problems.

    Therefore, the SRS should be written in natural language

    (versus a formal language, explained later in this

    article), in an unambiguous manner that may also include

    charts, tables, data flow diagrams, decision tables, and so

    on.

    It decomposes the problem into component parts. The

    simple act of writing down software requirements in a

    well-designed format organizes information, places borders

    around the problem, solidifies ideas, and helps break down

    the problem into its component parts in an orderly

    fashion.

    It serves as an input to the design specification. As

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    mentioned previously, the SRS serves as the parent document

    to subsequent documents, such as the software design

    specification and statement of work. Therefore, the SRS

    must contain sufficient detail in the functional system

    requirements so that a design solution can be devised.

    It serves as a product validation check. The SRS also

    serves as the parent document for testing and validation

    strategies that will be applied to the requirements for

    verification.

    SRSs are typically developed during the first stages of

    "Requirements Development," which is the initial product

    development phase in which information is gathered about what

    requirements are needed--and not. This information-gathering

    stage can include onsite visits, questionnaires, surveys,

    interviews, and perhaps a return-on-investment (ROI) analysis

    or needs analysis of the customer or client's current business

    environment. The actual specification, then, is written after

    the requirements have been gathered and analyzed.

    Why Should Technical Writers be Involved with Software

    Requirements Specifications?

    Unfortunately, much of the time, systems architects and

    programmers write SRSs with little (if any) help from the

    technical communications organization. And when that assistance

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    is provided, it's often limited to an edit of the final draft

    just prior to going out the door. Having technical writers

    involved throughout the entire SRS development process can

    offer several benefits:

    Technical writers are skilled information gatherers,

    ideal for eliciting and articulating customer requirements.

    The presence of a technical writer on the

    requirements-gathering team helps balance the type and

    amount of information extracted from customers, which can

    help improve the SRS.

    Technical writers can better assess and plan

    documentation projects and better meet customer document

    needs. Working on SRSs provides technical writers with an

    opportunity for learning about customer needs

    firsthand--early in the product development process.

    Technical writers know how to determine the questions

    that are of concern to the user or customer regarding ease

    of use and usability. Technical writers can then take that

    knowledge and apply it not only to the specification and

    documentation development, but also to user interface

    development, to help ensure the UI (User Interface) models

    the customer requirements.

    Technical writers, involved early and often in the

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    process, can become an information resource throughout the

    process, rather than an information gatherer at the end of

    the process.

    In short, a requirements-gathering team consisting solely of

    programmers, product marketers, systems analysts/architects,

    and a project manager runs the risk of creating a specification

    that may be too heavily loaded with technology-focused or

    marketing-focused issues. The presence of a technical writer on

    the team helps place at the core of the project those user or

    customer requirements that provide more of an overall balance

    to the design of the SRS, product, and documentation.

    What Kind of Information Should an SRS Include?

    You probably will be a member of the SRS team (if not, ask

    to be), which means SRS development will be a collaborative

    effort for a particular project. In these cases, your company

    will have developed SRSs before, so you should have examples

    (and, likely, the company's SRS template) to use. But, let's

    assume you'll be starting from scratch. Several standards

    organizations (including the IEEE) have identified nine topics

    that must be addressed when designing and writing an SRS:

    1. Interfaces

    2. Functional Capabilities

    3. Performance Levels

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    4. Data Structures/Elements

    5. Safety

    6. Reliability

    7. Security/Privacy

    8. Quality

    9. Constraints and Limitations

    But, how do these general topics translate into an SRS

    document? What, specifically, does an SRS document include? How

    is it structured? And how do you get started? An SRS document

    typically includes four ingredients, as discussed in the

    following sections:

    1. A template

    2. A method for identifying requirements and linking sources

    3. Business operation rules

    4. A traceability matrix

    Begin with an SRS Template

    The first and biggest step to writing an SRS is to select an

    existing template that you can fine tune for your

    organizational needs (if you don't have one already). There's

    not a "standard specification template" for all projects in all

    industries because the individual requirements that populate an

    SRS are unique not only from company to company, but also from

    project to project within any one company.

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    HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

    HARDWARE

    The term hardware is used to represent physical and

    tangible components of the computer. The hardware

    component is: -

    1 Input unitInput unit is responsible for feeding instruction and

    data in computer. In general, a simple keyboard is used

    as input device. The main functions of input unit are

    Input instruction to the CPU.

    Work as interface between outside world and

    computer.

    Change instruction given by human in high language to

    machine or low language.

    2. Central Processing Unit:-

    CPU of the computer controls the interpretation and

    execution of the instructions. it is called the brain of the

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    computer. It is divided into three parts. Memory Unit,

    Arithmetic And logical Unit, Control Unit.

    3.Memory Unit is used for storing any input from

    input unit.

    All the arthmatrical and logical operations take place

    in arithmetic and logical unit.

    Control Unit controls all the operations so it is called

    Central Nerve of the computer.

    3. Output Unit

    Output unit device is used for outputting the result to

    user. In most of the computer VDU i.e. Visual Display Unit

    is used as an output Device. A printer can also be used as

    an outside device.

    Hardware Requirement For the Project

    1. CPU

    2. Random Access Memory

    3. Monitor

    4. Keyboard

    5. Mouse

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    SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

    1. Operating System

    2. Microsoft Word

    3. Notepad

    4. Internet Explorer

    5. Abobe photoshop cs4

    LITERATURE SURVEY

    HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE (HTML) :

    HTML is a language used to describe the structure of

    web page. A web page has some common attributes like heading,

    paragraph text, list bullets, footers, images and lot more. A web page can

    have a specific style of using these attributes. In web page, the text canbe marked as header, paragraph, list bullets or footer by using tags.

    HTML, which stands for HyperText Markup Language, is the

    predominant markup language for web pages. It provides a means to

    create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text

    such as headings, paragraphs, lists etc as well as for links, quotes, and

    other items. It allows images and objects to be embedded and can be

    used to create interactive forms. It is written in the form of HTML

    elements consisting of "tags" surrounded by angle brackets within the

    web page content. It can include or can load scripts in languages such as

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_documenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_element#Images_and_objectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_element#Formshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackets#Angle_brackets_or_chevrons_.3C_.3Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markup_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_pagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_documenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_element#Images_and_objectshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_element#Formshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML_elementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brackets#Angle_brackets_or_chevrons_.3C_.3Ehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scripting_language
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    JavaScript which affect the behavior of HTML processors like Web

    browsers; and Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) to define the appearance

    and layout of text and other material. Tags are used to mark a block of

    text in html page. It is language interpreted by browser.

    HTML HEADINGS :

    Headings are defined with the to tags.

    defines the largest heading. defines the smallest heading.

    HTML TABLES :

    TABLES

    Tables are defined with the tag. A table is divided

    into rows (with the tag), and each row is divided into data cells

    (with the tag). The letters td stands for "table data," which is the

    content of a data cell. A data cell can contain text, images, lists,

    paragraphs, forms, horizontal rules, tables, etc.

    row 1, cell 1

    row 1, cell 2

    row 2, cell 1

    row 2, cell 2

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheetshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JavaScripthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browserhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets
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    FEATURES OF HTML ARE :

    Document formattinguses various typeface styles, range of

    headlines & new features called frames.

    Hyperlinks capability to include hyperlinks that points to other

    web documents, multimedia files or services on computer

    systems over the internet.

    List layouta wide range of list layout capabilities.

    Tables capability to create tables & preformatted text.

    Images capability to embedded graphics images right in an

    html document which can be hyperlinks to other documents. Image maps clickable image maps without spots to take you

    various places depending on where in the image you are

    clicked.

    HTML FRAMES :

    FRAMES

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    With frames, you can display more than one HTML document in the

    same browser window. Each HTML document is called a frame, and

    each frame is independent of the others.

    The disadvantages of using frames are:

    The web developer must keep track of more HTML documents It is difficult to print the entire page

    THE FRAMESET TAG

    The tag defines how to divide the window into frames

    Each frameset defines a set of rows or columns

    The values of the rows/columns indicate the amount of screen area

    each row/column will occupy

    THE FRAME TAG

    The tag defines what HTML document to put into each

    frame

    In the example below we have a frameset with two columns. The first

    column is set to 25% of the width of the browser window. The second

    column is set to 75% of the width of the browser window. The HTMLdocument "frame_a.htm" is put into the first column, and the HTML

    document "frame_b.htm" is put into the second column:

    HTML FORMS :

    FORMS

    A form is an area that can contain form elements.

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    Form elements are elements that allow the user to enter information (like

    text fields, textarea fields, drop-down menus, radio buttons, checkboxes,

    etc.) in a form.

    A form is defined with the tag.

    INPUT

    The most used form tag is the tag. The type of input is specified

    with the type attribute. The most commonly used input types are

    explained below.

    Text Fields

    Text fields are used when you want the user to type letters, numbers, etc.

    in a form.

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    CodingFront page coding

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    2nd page types coding

    Untitled Document

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    3rd page causes coding

    Untitled Document

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    4th page impact coding

    Untitled Document

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    5th page preparedness coding

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    Untitled Document

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    6th page mitigation coding

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    Untitled Document

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    7th page gallery coding

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    8th page contact us coding

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    Untitled Document

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    9th page Haiti earthquake

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    Untitled Document

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    10th page flood 2009 coding

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    Untitled Document

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    Reference

    We have collected our precious data from various sources to make a

    performance-oriented project.

    That sources are following:--

    Internet sites like

    http://www..com