PROFITS IN PEANUTS.Growth of the Homiely "Cuher," and

How it is Known InCommorcc

Everybody eats peanuts, but few knowwhere they are raised, or how they arehandled. They are strictly speaking aplebian article of diet. No one ever sawpeanuts on a fashionable dinner table, oramong the delicacies at a banquet, yet theamount of these nuts consumed annually issimply enormous. Foreign countries havenever been educated to recognize the goodqualities of the peanut, and consequentlynone are exported. Within the last twoyears the raising and handling of the"gn-"ber," as the peanut is called in the .South,has became an important industry. Yetthe producing sections are confined toEastern Virginia and Western Tennesseealong the Cumberland river. The largestmarkets peanuts in the worldare Nor-folk and Cincinnati, and in these cities sev-eral firms do nothing but buy and sell thepoor man's fruit. About two mouths agothe most extensive peanut commissionhouse inCincinnati removed to St. Louis,and willtry to make this city an outlet forthe Tennessee stock. Strange to say, St.Louis, although two hundred and fiftymile, nearer the Cumberland river thanCincinnati, ha.= done only an insignificanttrade inpeanuts. From the usually large

quantity of "gubers" teen at the confec-tionary stores and corner-fruit stands theuninitiated would naturally suppose '.hs.l

'

peanuts grew gpontaneousrr, hot raeh is notthe ease. They nm-t be tci = \u25a0'• .1 withneatcare and the crop is \rr\- valuable. I.a>tyear the total yield was- comparatively tightbeing about i,Oi»i),iniil bushel*, while thisseason the crop is met 3,500,000 bushels.Ln.-t year they sold at 7i cents a ]x>und,whilethis year they can be had at 3g cents.The peanut prows very much like a sweet

potato, and the vine resembles the redclover. Whereveranew leaf start* out atendril is formed which extends, into theground. The average yield is from 30 to70 bushels to the acre, am! there are aboutHIO peanuts on each vine. The article is a•_'i">'! one for speculation, and money can l>emade by judicious investments, because pea-nut-do not deteriorate with age and Keep

their taste for years. The expense of rais-ing them is twice that ofcorn. The reasonof this is that tin- fruitmust be picked byhand, which is slow and laborious. Theaverage annual consumption is over 2,000,---000 bushels. <)f course the consumption de-pends upon the price to a great extent.The experiment of cultivating peanuts in< lalifornia was recently attempted with sig-nal success, and the < tolden State willprob-ably become a rival of Virginiaas a peanutraising locality. A few are raised in NorthCarolina. Missouri and Arkansas, but tietwo States referred to grow nine-ten. ;

i- ofallthe peanuts used inthe world. A good\u25a0leal of skill i- required in handling gubers.They are shipped in the rough and the pro-cess of cleaning and grading is done by the

wholesale purchaser. The peanuts are

emptied from sacks into a large bin and arerun through a fan which separate- the chaff.Passing down through another fan, theli«;lit nuts are thrown aside and nieatj onesrun along a groove, when the black and in-ferior stock i.- [licked iip by girls, and whenthe nuts reach the packing room there aretw?> grades. During the various processesthrough which they are sent the nuts be-come clean and polished, 'if course theymust be roa.-ted before people willeat them.As soon as the river willpermit a boat willbe sent to the Tennessee river to buy up asmuch as possible of the peanut crop there,and, ifpossible, secure a portion, if not all,of the Cincinnati trade. Peanuts arc al-ways a staple article, and if St. Louis suc-ceeds in turning the market here itwillbeworth thousands <>!' dollars in a businessway.

—[St. Louis Globe-Democrat.

MAMMOTH CAVE.

INTERESTING ACCOUNT OF A KE-CENT VISIT TO IT.

Description of the Leading Features

of Interest Seen at this Won-der of Nature.

During a rec r.t visit to Mammoth Cave,

Kentucky, Iwas in from 8 o'clock at night

till9 o'clock in the moniinjr, and then

again, without riM,from 9:30 till1:30. A?

our party marched along lamp inhand. I

was reminded of tourist processions through

the Etonian Catacombs, and stillmore of a

journey through the London dock wine-vaults, the fungus on this occasion being

represented by stalactite. 1 was also re-

minded of the curving banks of rockthrough which the water rushes at Mont-morency Steppes: of St. Ann's Rock; of

pictures of coal mines; of Gustave Here's

pictures of the infernal regions; of scenes

described by Miltonand Dante ;oftunnelsand embankments; of Walpurgis-Nightpictures ;of Egyptian tombs in the Brit-ish Museum ;of roofs ami crypts of ca-thedrals; of scenes in "Gay Mannering."There are roads as wide as cathedrals, pits200 feel deep, domes 200 feet high—that is,

a-s hfch as the Hunker Hillor Londonmonument— very grand when lighted byBengal fires. There are chasms, abysses, a

Dead sea. a Lethe river, a Echo river, witlithe roof of the cave and the water of theriver about two feet apart, terriblygrandwhen a dozen pistol-shots

REVERBERATE FOB MILES AKOfNP,

And very musical when four notes of achord are sting and allowed to die away, asat the Baptistery at I'isa. Sometimes thevalla curve and sometimes descend, andthen thesensation of the mysterious worldbeyond and to conn 1 is dismal in the ex-treme, even with a party often noisy peo-ple. At 11:30, midnight, a lady wanted to

leave the cave, and those who wished to

remain waited till 2:30 for the return ofthe guide and party, who escorted the ladyout During these three Lours my partywandered about Incouples for a hundredyards, and at times the terror of darkness"and danger increased the sublimity. Alunch basket, and a lam]) near it. were

spoken of during these three hours ashome, and certainly there was a senseofsafety at that one spot

—a delusion, foolish

:is it may seem, we all scared in. We werein reality an hour and a half's journeyfrom the cave's mouth, without a <niide,and without a boat, and with v river com-pletely

CUTTING OIF AM. lion: OF F.XJT.

At this time it was very interesting to ob-serve that tin' strata, at our feet, twenty feetthick, had once formed part of tlie roof.

Another layer might come at any moment.This, the.]', must Lave been the guide'scheerful thought when he warned ourpartythat the dozen pistol shots might .-hake

down snrne of the roofof the cave. Theresre stalactite and stalagmite formations asat Fingal's Cave and Giant's Causeway,and gypsum rosettes and tiu-.m- like theornaments on a bridal cake. Some of therocks are semi-transparent : tin- walls androofs are often like thick plaster, but of-i.nil- of solid masonry, without joint orflaw. Sometimes the roof is ('lack, andthen it appears like the firmament, andthe passageway seems open to tin- heavens.By certain effei !- of li-'ln the roof may bemade to represent star-, and then the star

chamber is the most perfect illusion inscenery 1 have ever witnessed. Theguide,a colored man, is an excellent ventrilo-quist and imitator of cock-crowing andsheep-bleating. In an artistic way hemade the change from

BTAM.I' \u25a0 3' N':i-::

By the effect of light and rural s, i;i!:,|s.

There is nosense of fatigue in the jour-ney, the impression .-Til the tine.' being thatyou are passing from hail to hull oi ever-Varying character. The difference be-tween the frosted roofs ofgypsum and theblack roofs of oxide of iron cannot certain-lybe called repetitions of the same picture.The walkingis easy when compared withusual rock climbing, and the footing isgenerally as ife^aswh n walking on dry

Themost fascinating view from the in-terior is that of the sunlight and trees out-fdde thecave, after thi c

- been ac-customi d to the light i f the oillamps, the•tray rocks, and the darkness, for thirteenhours. Why such jflory'.' Why thisglimpse ofParadise .' Why these golden,cheerful beams and that lovely foliage? [s

it a holiday of heavenly beauty on earth,or merely the usual aspect of the earthwhich we (If !!\u25a0\u25a0! appreciate at ilvalue? A similar scene was produced a'

Bayreuth, in Wagner's"

Ring i\'< Nih-elungen," when Spring enters Hunding's

lie loves oi Siegmund and\u25a0 ntle. 1••

THE I \u25a0 VN!• • H.Thiscavi :.- as interesting as to the painterand the li fd of dramatic and poeticaleffects. I I - interestingdescriptions of the changes workid bywater and carl \u25a0 n the iime-

• it(ur in. and chemistry. First, the sulphuric

acid in the water dissolves the liinestome,or carbonate of Icarbonate of lime is form* I. ta this dropsthe sulphuric arid weakens, and the com-

ite. Ifinstead •\u25a0! falling like an i ioulof th> \u25a0 \u25a0•\u25a0. If the'

in iron, it forms a depositeither black or the color < firon-i ist

'\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0;>-

--i wter, plasland other forms of sulphate of lime,

: niterhas been th< c it i-owing to thi ted for

:ening out and ixploratit o of thecave, , i.i lvlij by the searchersfor s:ih| eter to be us d » Eng-

\dainand Eve, as ian Ibyth< me n-

ral for-mations. From the surface of the earth tothe lowest river is between 300 and 400feet, and the length of the explored ave-nue-. lon giil< : f Carter, in

Magazim Ilary.

QUEER NOTIONS.What the Chinese Believe Concerning

4K minortality.

A writer in a recent issue of the NorthChina Herald discusses the early Chinesenotions of immortality. In the most an-cient times ancestral worship was main-tained on the ground that the souls of thedead exist after this life. The present isapart only of human existence, and mencontinue to he after death what they havebecame before it. tfenee the honors ac-corded to men of rank in iheir lifetimewere continued to them after their death.In the earliest utterances of Chinese Na-tional thought on this subject we find thatdualty which has remained the prominentfeature in Chinese thinking ever since.The present life is light; the future isdarkness. What tin- shadow is to tin- sub-Stance, the soul i« tv the body; what vaporis to water, breath i- to man. By the pro-cess of cooling steam may again becomewater, ami the transformali \u25a0;. of animalsteach us that bei - ferior to man maylive after dial1:. . . at ( liinese, then,believed that as tb re isa male and femaleprinciple in all nature, &i»v and a nightas inseparable from each thin^ in the uni-verse as from the universe itself, so it iswith man. In the course of ages, and inthevicissitudes of religious ideas, men cameto believe more definitely in the possibil-ity of communications with supernaturalbeings. In the twelfth century before theChristian era it was a distinct belief thatthe thoughts of the. sages were to thema revelation from above. The

"I!ook of

Odes" frequently uses the expression,"God spoke to them," and one sai_'e is rep-resented after death "moving up anddown inthe presence of God in heaven.'A few centuries subsequently we find forthe lirsl time u'reat men transferred in thepopular imagination to the sky.it beimrbelieved that their s"iiN took up theirabodes in certain constellations. This wasdue to the fact thai the ideas el immortal-ity had taken a new shape, and that thephilosophy of the time- regarded th< starsof lie.iv d as the pure essences of ther:

—r things belonging to this world.

The pure is heavenly and the ltos,- earth-';. and then Fore that which is purest "v

earth ascends to tin1 region of the .-tars.sam< time hermit- and other ascet-

ics began to be credited with the power ofacquiring extraordinary longevity, andtip stork s le animal which theimmortals preferred to ride above allothers. The idea of plants which con-fer immunity from death soon sprangup. Ihe fungus known as Polyporus luci-dus wa- t.i!:-.n to be the most efficacious ofall plants in guarding man from death, and; •\u25a0 .>, es of silver have been asked for

a single specimen. Its red color wasamongthe circumstances which gave it its reputa-ti n, for at i!.i- time the five colors of

. mian astrology had been accepted asnd evil fortune. Ti:is

i"nof .i red i lor with the notionof immortality through the medium of

. bad luck led to the adoptii fcinnabar as the philosopher's stone, andthus to the construction of the whole sys-tem of alchemy. The plant of imlife is spoken of in ancient Chinese litera-ture at least a eentun Ix fore the mineral.Incorrespondence with t:i>- tree of lifeinEden there was ] i Babylonian tra-dition which found it- \s:iv to Chinashortly \u25a0

'hinese writers mention the

plant of immortality. The < him -being navigators, must havegot their ideasof the ocean which surround., (!e

from those who were, and when they re-ceived a cosmography they would receiveit with . : iNature.

California.!• wi:an extr ict from thi

in the World's F»J] i of the <^r,

: \u25a0:''i

To man) California hasbeen know-ply :u a land of gold -famous in 1848,away back in the era of the Argonauts, butwhose golden placers have been dwindlingyear bj year. liny do not know \u25a0;

greatest wheat-growing Suite from the At-lantic to the Pa. ifie, as one of the greatestnine countries of the world, tlie France ofAmerii i is ifuture silk producing see-

n. as a future manufacturing section, as\u25a0 i the most noted fruit lands of the

i road earth, an Eden in its way, as a pro-ducer of the orange, the lemon, the oliveand tin1 ti-_ —

as the c |Ual of Florida in theone and the probable future rival of Italyin the other

—in line, as a land by labor

Sowing with milk and honey, especiallyt:ie iaiter, equalling that <<{ Hybla; as thethird i ngState in theUnion,with a genial ilimate that has not itsequal from the great lakes to the Keys \u25a0•!'

(\u25a0 lorida.Kar westward lips a land of world-wide fame,Uy i«x-ts praised

—California its name ;

InIxmkii \u25a0\u25a0*\u25a0.-\u25a0- in its -toreOf veiny silver am) golden ore.

Its fruitfulfoil forever teams with wealth;\Yilhpenis ils waters, anil its air withhealth!

Its fertile fields witlimilk and bone; How;Us woolly '"\u25a0\u25a0• 6 hilland valley eliow.

litwaving furrows g] >Ht « iih bearded corn;And many varied arts of peace its envied sous

adorn.

The Lumber Industry.—

tothe census reports, there were, in 1880,25,780 lumbering establishments in thisconntrv, employing $131,000,000 capital,and 146,000 hands, distributing ."{1,000,000a year in wages, using *110,000,000 worthof material, and turning out an annual jproduct of $233,00u,000. Of the wholeproduct, Michigan produced 23 per cent.,Pennsylvania 10 per cent., Wisconsin 8per cent., New York and Indiana about Cper cent. each. Few of the Southern Statesreach a product of over $4,000,000. Thewhole South in a forest region, and itsgreat, pine, cedar, poplar, cypress and oakdistricts are stillsdisojt untouched.

....\u25a0\u25a0 . . '...V .

RAILROAD TAX CASES.

STATEMENT BY THE ATTORNEY-GESEKAL CONCERNING THEM,

As Given in His Official Report to

the Governor — Some Otius-

tic Remarks.

When Ientered upon the duties of thisoffice Itbui.d that suits had been broughtfor the entire amount, taxes, pen-alties, interest, and attorney.- fees due fromrailroads operated in more than one countyin this State, except a few cases whirh Ihave since brought and disposed of, tvs Iwillsuite in another place. Ifound thatnearly all these oases bad boon removedfrom the State Courts to the United StatesCircuitCourt, and that the Attorney-Gen-eral ofthis State was charged with control»>f all this litigation. 1 round that com-promises of the demands of the State hadbeen made by Boards of County Supervi-sorsand District Attorneys. My predeces-sor in office had endeavored to set asidesuch compromises, and 1 pressed the mo-tions for that purpose untilthe removal oft lie cases, in which the motions were pend-ing, into Circuit Court, compelled mt' towait the decision of the questions involvedinall the cases by the I'nited States Su-preme Court before any correction of theillegal compromises willbe possible.

From a j^reat number of suits brought bythe counties against the railroads, the suitof San Mateo county was selected (before 1entered upon this office) as a test case atleast s'> far as the construction of the Fed-eral Constitution was involved. That casewas tried in the Circuit Court am! decidedadversely to the State. An appeal was.taken and the cause advanced upon thecalendar of the United States SupremeCourt, very elaborately argued and sub-mitted. No decision was given, but, aftersome considerable delay, an intimation,upon what authority Ido not know, wasgiven t" tiiis office that the Supreme Courtrequired the trial of six additional eases,that all the issues might be fully before it.The six cases were tried in the United.States Circuit Court, and substantially thesame judgment was rendered as in tin- SanMateo case. From these judgments 1havecaused appeals to be taken. A motion toadvance all these cases on the calendar hasbeen made ami denied.

Alter the decision of the last six casesproposals of compromise inali the remain-ing cases were offered by the railroad com-panies and rejected. In a few days afterthis negotiation was made public, a news-paper (Chronicle) suggested a settlement ofall the tax cases by a payment by the rail-road of the face of the assessment for theyears 1880-81-82. Without givingthe rea-SOn, itis enough to say the Attorney-Gen-eral favored this proposition, although itcontemplated a remission of the penalties,interest and attorney's fees. Alter muchand somewhat acrimonious discussion thisplan was abadoned.

The Attorney-General then called up allthe cases upon the docket against the rail-road companies for the years 1880-1-2 fortrial in the Circuit Courts (except the caseswhich were affected by the attempted com-promises of the District Attorneys and Su-pervisors, which were left as they were onthe docket). The Court pronounced judg-ment against the plaintiff,as it had doneon the former trials. The attorney for therailroad then moved to set aside this, judg-ment, and have judgment entered in favorofthe plaintifffor the face of the tax

—stat-

ing in open Court, a.-; a condition of thejudgment for the face of the tax, that it didnot bar the right of the State toappeal tothe United States Supreme Court on thequestion ofpenalty, interest and attorney'sfee, or in any way affect therighta of theState upon those issues. With this under-standing, which was not entered on theminutes, but formally and fullyexpressedin a stipulation between the parties, theAttorney-General consented to the judg-ment. The taxes, amounting to $470,475 08,were paid, and the judgment satisfied. TheController of State notified the county offi-cers not to receive the money due, as liewould not settle their accounts. Notwith-standing this menace, all Ihe counties inter-ested have received their proportions,amounting to $329,039 88, except the coun-ties of Placer, San Joaquin .and ContraCosta. Ihave on hand, subject to their;order, $141,435 20. I have some monthssince sued out a mandate from the Su-preme Court, to compel the county ofContra Costa to receive the sum to whichitis entitled. Every technical defense hasbeen interposed, and, as yet, no '!\u25a0> . ionlias been given.

Upon the rendition of these judgments,and their satisfaction by this office, theLegislature was convened in extra session,:and its attention particularly called to the"compromise" which they were informedby the Executive message had been effect-ed, to the great loss of the State. An in-vestigation was ordered by the Legislature,and prosecuted before the Judiciary Com-mittee of the House of Representatives. Amajority of the committee reported that theinterests of the State had been protected byan appeal properly taken. A minority ofthe committee reported exactly the reverse,

and, followingthe spirit of the Executive;message, pronounced the Attorney-Generalguilty ofeffecting a compromise ofthe duesto the State of many hundreds of thousandsof dollars. The House of Representativesrejected the report of the majority and ap-proved the report of the minority, and by a

\u25a0..\u25a0•\u25a0 of 47 to 15, pronounced a censure, ofwhich the brutal cruelty was only to be ex-cused by its brutal ignorance. The onlyquestion involved was the validity of theappeal. As soon as possible, the appealwas perfected in one of the case in whichthe alleged compromise had been made(San Bernardino vs. Railroad Company),and placed upon the calendar of the unitedStates Supreme Court. A motion was madeto strike that case from the calendar on thegrounds set forth in the minority report,and the Court unanimously, and from theBench] declared the appeal regularly taken,completely sustaining the majority of theJudiciary Committee, and this office. Toavoid the expense ofappeals in all the casesin which the course above indicated waspursued by me, a stipulation has been en-tered into by which all those cases willabide the decision in the on \u25a0 case in whichan appeal has been taken.

The taxes on the railroad company forthe year 18S3 having become delinquent,suit was brought under a new Act (Stat.1S83) by attorneys appointed by the Con-troller. These suits were removed fromthe State Court to the United States CircuitCourt, and came under the control of thisoffice. A tender of sixty per cent, of theface of the tax hail been" made by the de-fendant. Imoved the Court for an orderagainst defendant to make good tin.' tender,which was granted by the Court and obeyedby defendant. The money, amounting to$333,."~7 10, was paid to me, which, withthe balance from the year- 18. 0-Sl-^_;,leaves illmy hands the sum of $;;7J,512 30.The suits were then submitted upon theevidence given in the former trials, with-

mi additional evidence, made necessaryby certain changes in the met ho is ofassess-ment and judgment entered for defendants]ihave not incurred the expense of takingappeals in these cases, as it seems certainthat some definite settlement of the greatquestions between the railroad companyand the State willbe reached before thetime limiting the right of appeal lapses,Ifnecessary, Ican and will take them upbefore my term of office expires. Underan amendment of the revenue law the largesum collected for the tax of is--:', is paya-ble to the Treasury of the State, but theController has declined to receive it.

The Attoruey-General concludes his re-port with the Followingparagraph :

ing how worse than useless any sug-gestions from this office in rejiar.i to themany and pressing exigencies of the Statew< aid l"\1 close this repi rt with congrata-lations upon the Buccess of the administra-tion in borrowing at hh.it interest fromparties debtors to the State money to sup-port the State Prisons, in exhausting therand sacred to t!.<; educatiou of the people,in iiloding the country with warrants uponthe treasury discounted :it ruinous rates byemployes <>!' the S!:it.-, while more thanenough coin to meet the obligations oftheState lies without interest andalmost with-

\u25a0 . ority in:hi-< office.

Fresno county in 18N) had property tothe value of *7.")i.'i.027 :in1884 itnadin-creased to $14,624,467, an itKreiweuf$7,091,---140.

FIREPROOF INDIANS.How the Hacbkawn I»a«ce i» Performed

at the Xarajo Agency.

John B. Sweet, who has recently beentraveling in New Mexico and Arizona,gave an interesting and graphic sketch to

a Denver lYihune rej>orter of the"

Hit-h---kawn Dance," which he had witnessed atone of the Navajo agencies. It took placein a large corral, or lnclosure of an irregu-larly circular form, about forty paces indiameter. Its fence, about eight feet high,vru*-constructed of fresh juniper and pinonboughs. In the center was a conical pileof dry wood, about twelve feet high,whichw;l- to make the great central tire. Aroundthis, a few feet from the fence, a dozensmaller tires were burning for the comfortand convenience of the spectators, whonumbered about 500 men. women and chil-dren, gathered here from the various partsof tlie Navajo country. The tire dancewas the most picturesque and startling ofall. Some time before the dancer- entered1 heard strange sounds, mingled with theblowing of the buffalo horn. Tliesoundswere much like [lie call of the sandhillcrane, and may perhaps be properly called"' trumpeting," and they were made by thedancers constantly during the exercise.-.The noises continued to grow louder andcome nearer, until we heard them at theopening in the east, and in a moment alter

men having no more clothing on than a

breech-clout entered. Every man bore a

long, thick bundleof shredded cedar barkin each hand except the leader, who car-ried four smaller fagots of the same mate-

rial. Four times they all danced roundthe lire, waving their bundles of bark to-ward tlie flame: then they halted in tlieeast : the leader advanced toward the cen-

tral lire,lit one of his little fagots andtrumpeting loudly, tiirew it over the fenceof the corral in the east. Heperformed asimilar act at the south, tlie wot and thenorth, but before the northern brand was

thrown he !is ii with the fagots of his com-

rade-. Aseach brand disappeared over thefence, some of tiie spectators blew into theirhand-, and made a motion a.- if tossingsome substance after the departing flame.When the fagots were all lit tlie wholeband began a wild dance around the lire.At 'irst they kept dose together and spatupon one another some substance of sup-posed medicinal virtue. Soon they >\u25a0\u25a0;:;-

tered and ran. apparently without concert,the rapid racing causing the brands tothrow out long brilliantstreamers of Sameurer the naked hand- and arms of thedancers. They then proceeded to applythe brands to their own nude bodies, andthe Ix-dies of tiieir comrades in from ofthem

—no man ever once turning around.

Attimes the dancer struck the victim vig-orous blows with his flaming wand; againhe seized the Same as if it were a sponge,ami. creeping close to one pursued, rubbedthe back of tiie latter for several momentsa.- if he were bathing him. In the mean-time, the sufferer would catch up withsome "iic in front of him and, in turn,bathe himin the (lame. At times when adancer found no one in front "Ihim In j.ro-

ceeded to "sponge" hi:- own back, andmight keep thi- up while making two orthree circuits around the tire, or until heovertook some one else. At each applica-tion of the blaze the loud trumpeting washeard, and i;<>ricn seemed a.- if a flock of ahundred cranes were winging their wayoverhead, southward, through the dark-ness. If a brand became extinguished itwas so far con timed as to be no longer holdconveniently in the hand, the dam erdropped it and rushed trumpeting out ofthe corral. Thus one by one they all de-parted, ami the spectators stepped into thearena, picked up the fascicles of the fallenfragments ofthe bark, lit them and bathedtheir hand- in the flames us a charmagainst the evil effects of tin-.

"Were they in.l blistered?" asked thereporter.

"They were not hurt in the least," wasthe answer. "1 believe they wereprotectedby a coating of earth or clay paint. That,however, did not make the effect any lessstrange. Ihave 1« held many line si eneson the stage, many ait- of fire-eating ant

fire-handling by civilized jugglers, andmany fire-dances by other [ndian tri;••.-.-.but nothing quite comparable '.•• (hi-. Ihescenic accessories were unique. Demonsscourging I"-", souls witli the eternal tirecould s: sircely be pictured t" look more aw-ful."

— [Denver 'iVi'r i

The Tip ofthe Tongue.

When we want to assure ourselves, bymean of taste, about any unknown object—

say a lump <>l some white stuiij whichmay Ic en -tal or glass or alum or borax <>r

quartz or rock salt—

we put the tip of thetongue against it gingerly. If itbegins toburn us we draw itaway more or less rap-idly,with an accompaniment in language•,tri«-tly dependent upon our personal Im!>-its am! manners. The test we thus o ca-sionally apply, even in the civilized state,to unknown bodies, i~ one that is !••plied every day and all day long by chil-dren and savages. Insophistieated hu-manity is constantly putting everything itsees up to its mouth in ;i frank spirit ofexperiment*] inquiry as to its gustatory, . iperties. In civilized lifewe lindevery-thing ready labeled and assorted for n-:

we comparatively seldom require to rollthe contents <>t' a suspicious twttle (in veryainili quantities) donlitfully upon thetongue in order to discover whether it ispale sherry or Chili vinegar, Dublin stoutor mushroom ketchup. 1..a .iiitin- savage-i;itc-. from which, geologically ami biolog-icallyBpeaking, we have onlyjust emerged,bottles :;iid labels do not exist. Primitiveman, therefore, in 111

—sweet simplicity, li:in

.onlj twomodes open before him for decid-ing whether tin- things he finds are or arenot Btrictly «•« fi!»!<*. The first thing hedoes is lo snill':it them, and s-ruell l>eiHerbert Spencer ha.s wellput it,an antici-patory lasf. generally gives him someidea of what the thing is likely to prove.The second thing he does is to pop it intohi~ mouth and proceed practically to ex-amine its further characteristics. Strictlyspeaking, with the tip of the tongican't really taste at all. If you put a

small drop of honey or of oil of bitter:iiriio!nls >;n that part of the mouth, youwillfiml (no doubi to your surprise)that it producesno effect of any >-<>rt : youonly taste it when it lupins slowly to dif-fuse itself, and reaches .the true tastingregion in the middle distance. But it' yon

|iut ;: little cayenne pepper or mustard onsame part, you will find that it bites

inmediately —the experiment should

:i tried sparingly—

while if you put itlower dowu in the mouth you willit almo-t without noticing the pungency ofthe stimulant. The reason is that tin1 tipof the tongue is supplied only with nerveswhich are really nerves of touch, notnerves of taste proper; they X ong te atotallydifferent main branch, and th y goto :idifferent 'enter in the brain, togetherwith the very similar threads which sup-ply the nerves of smell for mustard andpepper. That is why the sm.-il and tasteof these pungent substances are so muchalike. :ui everybody must have noticed;a kooil sniffat a mustard pot producingalmost the same irritating effect xs an i;i-cautious mouthful. As a rule we don'taccurately distinguish, it is true, betweenthese different regions of taste in themouth in ordinary life; hut that is be-cause we usually roil our food about in-stinctively, without paying much atten-tion to the particular part aflected by it.Indeed, when one is trying deliberate ex-periments in the subject, in order to to>-tthe varying sensitiveness of the i!i:K-•. v.parts to different substances, it is necessaryto keep the tongue quite dry in order to

isolate the thin:; you are experimentingwith and prevent its spreading to all part*of the mouth together. Iv actual practicethis result is obtained in a rather ludicrousmanner

—l>y blowing upon the tongue be-

tween each experiment with ;ipair nf hol-lows. To suilinndignified expedients doesthe pursuit of science lead the ardent mod-ern psychologist. Those domestic rivals ofl>r. Forbes Window, the servants, who be-hold the enthusiastic investigator alter-

nately drying his tonsrue in this ridiculousfashion, as if he were a blacksmith's lire,and then squeeainir out a sinjrle drop ofessence of pepper, vinegar or beef tea froma glass syrhme upon the dry surface, notunnaturally arrive at the conclusion thatmaster baa gone -nark mad, and that, intheir private opinion, it's the microscopeand the skeleton as has done it.—[TheCornbill Magazine.

S«th Grren and His Wonderful Canltn.

The fame of Setli tlreen as a master ofthe rod Mid gun and as an enthusiastic,practical pisiculturist is world-wide. Heis ;i keen observer of nature in all hermoods, hut is especially noted for his inti-mate acquaintance with fishes and birdsand their habits, and the profound knowl-edge lie possesses of the vegetable and an-imal lifeupon which they feed, Mr.Greenis L'i'U'il with remarkable conversationalpowers, is clear and luminous in statement,and no one can listen to him without rare

entertainment and instruction. He is on-tiring in his researches alter knowledge,and has a marvelous aptitude for combin-ing and controlling the minor and insig-nificant forces of nature, so that they willwork together for the advantage of man.His labors extend far beyond the merecultivation of fish. Among his melonvines Mr.Green has laid boards. Liftingup those boards multitudes of toads w< refound concealed there by day. At niditthey come out and !ci-d upon the inse ts

that infest the melon vine.-. It was a sim-ple device, and one that succeeded admir-ably. The toads were harnessed to hisscheme of gardening, and worked laitii-fully and well. There is a hint in this toother growers of melons. Mr.Green is aborn experimenter, and is ii'it slow to getat the bottom facts in the matters thaiattract his attention. He is not disposedto adopt the speculations or com lusionsofother--, except so far as they are based uponproved conditions, lie has reduced topractical use and given to the world theresults of long years of study and observa-tion, and the world is better thereby, lieIs in the full vigor of industrious life, andwillyet accomplish much more in the fieldof his special pursuits. —[American Agri-culturist.

A ten-cent restaurant in Chicago fur-nishes a good, substantial meal v< all way-farer-. The nual consists <>f a large bowlof excellent coffee, a large cut of meal, afair share of potatoes and all the breadneeded. Such a meal makes life possiblelor the poorer workingclass at a emailcost.The proprietor maker not to exceed onecent on each dish, as he figures it.— [Cleve-land Herald.

A RANCHEight Miles from Sacramento,On Old Jackson Road, containing

1721.: Acres of Good Grain andFruit Land, with Dwelling, EarnOrchard and Vineyard.

Price, $6,500.

W. P. COLEMANr

REAL ESTATE SALESROOM,

NO. 325 J STREET, SACRAMENTO.

To Print is one thing. To I*rintwell is asotherthing. —

Tin:—

Valley PressSTEAM POWER PRINTING OFFICE,

\u25a0jsro. 327 a- JB'Z'I^.aEE'XI'(North aide), bet. Thirdand fourth.

«9- FOUNDED IN IHIiKBY E. G. JEFFEIU3.

Jelt-tf-Is n. A.WEAVER,Proprietor.

VIRGIN LAND TO LET ON SHARES.4,000 Acres, in Blocks of ICO Acres and

Upward*.

THE SOIL ISOF RICHEST ALLUVIUM.ANDwillyield enormous crops' of grain. The;

tract is Overflowed Meadow Land, in Sutlercounty, 13 miles lrom UarysvUle and 5 milesfrom Sacramento river. No river currents andno tule.

Magnificent levees are about completed, whichwillsecure the land from overflow, and willbe leased for coming season on very favorableterms to good tenants. Lone leases on shareswillbegiven ifdesired. Applications should besent in immediately to GEO. i. SPECHT, En-"^'eineer Suiter Count; Land Company, UnitedStates Hotel, Marysville, who will show theland, or to GEO. THEOBAI D, Jr.,Secretary Sutter County 1and Company, 419

California street, San irancLsco. dl2Sptf

WOODBURN &BARNES(Successors to E. L. BiViiurrr. A Co.),

No. 417 KStreet, between Fourth i-Fifth,Sacramento,

IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERSId'me Finest Hrarnlles, Wiue»»nd Liquors

ivLVlrtm

ORDINANCE No. 10.rpilF. BOARD OF SUPERVISORS OF TUB_L county ofSacramento do ordain as follows:

Article 1.Section I. A Road Poll Tax of Two

'ollsrs

Is hereby levied on every male person over tilt;ii^-e of twenty-one and under the age of Blty-live years found in every Road District in thecounty of Sacramento during the year 1885.

Section 2. It shall be duty ofthe RoadOverseer of each K id District Inthe county ofSacramento, provided ifth-re be noqualifiedKoad Overseer, ii shall be the duty of the RoadCommissioner ofsaid Road District to collectthe road poll tax of bis district between thefirst day of February, ISBS, and the first day ofJanuary, 1886.

Section \u25a0'. Each R"ad Overseer inthe countyof Sacramento shall pay all moneys collectedby him into his road district fund, less his per-centage allowed by law, ami the same sh«lf boexpended on the roads iu the district in whichiiwas collected.

This ordinance to take efieet fifteen days alterits passage. I-H. FASSETT,Chairman of the Board ol Supervisors of the

county df Sacramento.Sacramento, January '.'. is--1"..[SEAL.] Attest: \V. i!. Hamilton, t:ierlt.Adopted by the followingvote :Aye*

—Stciu-

man, Jackson, Bate«. Mcilullen and Fassetf.j.-.l\u25a0 ::.t W. B. HAMILTON. Citrk._

/«^I^^x|RU!PTURE!tljf^\\\ 4 ~~~^*slPositively run'd in60 (i:iyjtv.A.^*\vr / j/^*_J&\lty r

-Horni-'a Kleetro-Mn'tf-

«SS^V>Si> i>if^V'"tic '\u25a0' \u25a0'\u25a0 l'

"\u25a0'\u25a0\u25a0' "''

'\u25a0\u25a0• ':-rir&tir>T-~-i<>\=4Sr <;«arautci'il the onlyone inl/K>**iy>/«r:sS**^ ll>e wmIdFfrmTat inira con.'\Tit tinnou« BUctro—Mam C'«r-\\ I.*IBtwit. KciiTtifx-. Powerful, Durable!<^ Comfortable and Effective Incuring

Rupture. Price reductxl. 500 oared in'83, Sendstamp for n.'implilot.jsjj-:ctko-maom-:tic Tntrss CO«

702 MxEKiiTSTmarr, San fm_scis<x».

tggniSS^ RUPTURE!fe** si^ A

*t¥*r Invr»ntli>aIThe "Perfectiom** P D—T jjB«lt Ttubs, withUnhrersal Joint Movt*

k* \u25a0° \u25a0

•V-^Sfmeut and S.JfadJu»tinjr Spiral Spring.

tifC^^*j_^^2r Worn withperfect eonit . j(h tnddayiHagT*"^ r Give*universal mil i'rice.froiM1 (~>r 7 "e »3 to (6. Call or Hod tor .1-KrtptiT*V fnßJDEj^^r arcnlar. Aildreu. J. M. WllntKi^Rrx&t%tfpr (limggik)7&lllukttStreet. ccr ThL-J.

iiaii1mJ:i:L*.-o.

TO MY OLD PATRONS.

1STILL OFFER MYVALUABLE SERVICESifyouare so unfortunate as to require them.

With a mind matured and enriched bystudies ofan advanced order, Ifan safely say that there ishardly a disease in the catalogue of human illsthat Icannot treat to a successful issue.

LADIES— am always ready to assist yon. Mypast knowledge has been Increased by extensiveexperience. lam now able to treat you withthe cenaintyl of success. No case peculiar toyourdelicateorgauism I&beyond mysure control.

My Female Monthly Medicines are superior toany offered heretofore, and willbe warranted tohave the desired effect inall cases.

Those of the public who need my service? candepend upon gentlemanly, honorable and sci-entific treatment at reasonable rates.Iaddress particularly those who have been in-

jured byyouthful Indiscretions, and those whohave contracted local diseases.

Persons afflicted can ,if they prefer, consultme by letter, detailing the symptoms of the dis-ease or trouble, and receive medicines by ex-press, with fuil Instructions. All letters mustbe directed :J. H. JO.SSELYN', M. D.,i-ti Sutterstreet, San Francisco, Cal.

Cure warranted in all cases, or no pay re-quired. Consultation, personally or by letter,gratis. Send for Comfortable apartmentsfor patients at my Infirmary (when desired),with experienced nurses.

Consultation Parlors. 226 Sutter street, adjoin-ing the Young Men's Christian AssociationBuildine.

Office Hours— From 9 A. k.to8 P. xMy Diploma hangs in my otHce.Purchase my Essay on Physiology and Marri-

age. For sale by allnowsdealers.02-3ptf J. H. JOSSKI.XH, M.D.

Roller Skates! !Ice Skates I

PARKER, COLT AND ENGLISH

Winchester, Marlin and Kennedy

:fl3::fix :h3S!

Pearl, Ivory and Rubber-handleREVOLVERS :

"LANGTRY"CURLING IRONS,

Huntington ,Hopkins&CoHARDWARE,

Nos. 220 and 226 K st., Sacramento.\u25a0\u25a0.-\u25a0 jal-tf

INSURANCE.\u25a0VfOW THAT ALLINSURANCE COMPANIES1^ are obliged to charge the same rate, see toit that you place your insurance withRELIABLEAGENTS, and insound companies. The follow-in;;are the Companies represented by the oldestablished and well-known firm of

A.LEONARDS SON. 1012 Fourth St.:Scottish Union and National, ofEd-

inburgh.

Commercial Insurance Company,of San Francisco.

Manufacturers' Insurance Com-pany, of Boston.

Howard Insurance Company, ofNew York.*

National Insurance Company, ofHartford.

Fire Association, of Philadelphia.New York Bowery Insurance Com-

pany, of New York,

All belonging to the PACIFIC INSURANCEUNION.

City I5«':ilEstate made h Specialty.

A. LEONARD &SON, =1012 Fourth street, Sacramento.

ml7-3plm

NATIONAL ASSURANCE CO.OF IRELAND.

Established A. D. 1522.

Authorized Capital §10,000,000

Subscribed Capital 5,000.u0t

H. M. NEWHALL & CO.,GENERAL AGENTS

For £%.cs±X±cs Co«,«3t

S. TEYON, Agent.Office, Capital Woolen Mills,822 .1 street,

SACRAMENTO.025-3m

a G. GRIFFITHS,i

FENKTW

_§fu GRANITE WORKS,*§*£:? \-'\ PESTBIN, C.VL.

<^V6-— \u25a0' **rpilE BEST VARIETY AND—^""^8 Largest Quarries on the

C^tc- ;-

—'Pacific Coast, Polished. Gran-

ite Mouuraants.Tombstonts and Tablets madeto order.

4#- Granite Rnildinp;Stose Cut, Dressedanil PoliMhed to Order. 011-lD6ni

SKATES! SKATES! SKATES!

milß CELEBRATED WINSLOW ROLLERJ. Skates. Also, the ALL-CLAMPand HALF-CLAMPClub Skates. Rinks supplied at specialrates. Semi for Catalogue.

WIESTER & CO.,17 New Montgomery St., San Francisco.

jal-4plm

ROLLER SKATES.

ALARGE STOCK ON HAND /^of the HENLEY RINK £3

ANDCLUB, BARNEY & BtK- MMKY, VINEYARD "A. C." ami JMT-v."8, ('.." and other makers.^S~« S=;

__TA'

Great reduction on Enelish.~fcigP|if'"^yv3»kbreech loinliu»,'.-hiit-!;im-i,<.'i)it.-.JHPtMATE.iiB^Marlin and Ballard Rifles.

***'o4- HENRY ECKHAKDT. 523 K st., Sacramento

(TELEPHONE No. 15.1.)

eFLORAL"I)ESIGNS=OF EVERY DESCRIPTION AT THE

BELL CONSERVATORY,TENTH ANDVSTREETS, SACRA3IENTO.

9~3- We employ an ARTIST in this line, andour prices are from 15 to 20 percent, below thoseof San Francisco Florists.

Flower Pieces sent to all parts of Cali-fornia and Nevada. 010-tf

!VARirnPFI F Painless sure care-VAhltUutLLg,,^ {Ti_^ OivaleA»eacr. 160 Fulton street, Newrork.iSeSO-lOmTu i

SAIMTOHFiT« »T~FST .T .^%T7

Watchmaker and Jeweler^Not 422 3" stroot. Saoramonto. Ja"vsp

ORANGE irm3E!S !Al7-E SHALL RECEIVE A FEW HUNDRED ORANGE TKKES ABOUT THE l*tFEB-SS*>> KUARY. of the followine Choice Varieties, viz "Konah," "Naval." '•Medit.er-wR'ranean Sweet," Florida Sweet

'and

"Malta Blood." Send orders at once to C. iv.

*l£i:i;i>A CO. Tree Yard: Second street, mar C. I*.l'ansenger Depot. jats-."p

gp BLXaTJKTE! c*3 FLOBERG, g*}&%WATCHMAKERS *JKWEI.KKS, 42.S J street. bet. Fourth and Fifth. Ej\<&>££ *»-Dealers in WATCHES. JEWELRY AM)DIAMONDS. Repairing Idall itsSk-iiSBbranches a Specialty, under MK.FLOBKRG. Agents for KOCKFOUD WATCH COMPANY. jao-3p;f

«T. <3r. DAVIS.411E: eat., Sacramonto.WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER INFUSNITURE, CARPETS, Etc

#3*Country orders solicited, and satisfaction iraaranteed. '._ oS-Bpu

NEW GOODS! STYLISH GOODS! CHEAP GOODS!JUST IN STOCK,

Pivo Car-loads of Assorted 3F"xa.3rixitxi.x-o tRIGHT FROM THE FACTORY.

Ican quote the Lowest Price on every line. Gel my prices, and compare them withany mhe<House before youbuy. Come tomy store, and you willand goods and prices that willastonish you.

JOHN DB3^L3DTJIXTIi;^L,Nos. 604-, 606 and 6OS K STREET, !u9-3ptf]

_SACRAMENTO

«» IX. WAOHCHOnST.?^i Ijondiiis; Jo'wolor of Sncraraonto. fc!/^.*iv,.* Agent and Direct Importer of the Celebrated I'ATKK rilll.ll't'K.«<&«'.ts

CO. WATCHKS!—THE BEST INTHE WORLD. SIGN: TH TOWN CLOCK.No. 315 J street (north side), |ja2l-Bptf] between Third mill Fourth, Sacramento.

"core FOR consumption,'

AND ALL LUNG AND THROAT DISEASES.riIHEGENUINE "ROCK & RYE" IS A DISTILLATIONOF OLD RYE WHISKY ANDROCK1. Candy. The immense popularity of ROCK &RYE has induced unprincipled tiers to get

up a spurious article. Allgenuine packages of Kut'K A RYE have our Trade Mark. Beware ofimitations.

#3" All the popular brands of Foreign and Domestic Champagne*. Old Bourbonand Kye Whlnkies, Ironi the most celebrated and wrll-knonu Histlllers.

Just received an invoice of the Finest and Choicest French Liquera and Cordials; also, themost celebrated brands of Rhine, Port and Sherry Wines; Mineral Waters. Sole Agents torBlackberry Brandy. Club House Punch, Rye Whisky Sour, Maple Rum, etc, in fancy bottles

jal-3plm G-EO. TAT". CHE9LBT, So. 51 rtont street.

23 YE^STUSE.The Greatest Medical Trinaph of the Age!

SYMPTOMS Or A

TORPID LIVER.Tioss oiappetite, Ilowels coitive,Pain inthe bead, with a dull sensation in theback part, Pain toiler the \u25a0honlder-blade, Fullnc»» after eating, withadi»-inclination to exertion of body ormind,Irritabilityoftemper, Low spirit*,-withafc-cl'narof hnvinencelccted SOSBO dyty,Wearineasi Ulrir.inesf, Fluttering at theHeart. Dotn before ths eye«, Ueadackeover the right eye, Restlessne9!i, withfitfuldrenma, Ilichlycolored trine, and

CONSTIPATION.TtJTT'S FILLSare especially adapted

to such cases, one dot»e effects such achange offeeling as toastonish the sufferer.

They Inneuothc Appetite.and cause thebody to Take aa Vlesli, thus tho system Isnourished, ami by th?ir Tonic Action onthe I>i«estlveOrcntts,U*-irtilMr Stools arcproduced. i'.-: \u25a0•\u25a0 \u25a0\u25a0*r ='-. <t4 Murray M..IV.Y.

TUH'S HAIR DYE.Gkat II.\m or Whi?kerB changed to a

GLOB9T Black by a single- application ofthis DTK. It imparts a natural color,actsinstantaneously. Sol.l by Druggists, orsent by express on receipt of 91.Oflfico,44 Murray St., Hew York.

FLUID BEEF EXTRACTEMBODIES THE LATEST DISCOVERIES

AM)IMPROVEMENTS.

INTASTE, FLAVOR AND ECONOMY IT ISunrivaled, and in Utmost Digestibility and

Nourishing Power it is Unsurpassed. It is nota .Substitute Pood, but a complete diet in it-self, and will keep indefinitely in auv Cli-mate. For BEEF TEA, SOUPS, SAUCES, REL-ISHES, ETC., it Is most convenient, and canalso be mixed with Spirituous Liquors, Wines,etc. For sale by all Grocers, 1 'niggists, etc.

y.il :;i.liiiTu'i"tiH

OUMPHREYSwnraMK

For the Cure of all diseases of

Horses, Cattle. SheepDOGS, nOGS, POULTRY.

Used successfully for 20 years byFar-mers, Stockbreeders, Horse 8.R., &c.Endorsed kused by the U.S.Governm't.*^T?KsJg£J*s &Cliarts sent free."R^

HUMPMYS' MEDICINE CO.,109 Fulton St., New York.

*Humphreys' Homeopathic

Specific N0.28InAuse 30 years. The only mccesnful remedy for

Nervous Debility, Vital Weakness,*n<i Prostration, from orer-work or other cinws.if1per vial,or5 vials and lareo vial ponder, for*iSOIJJ BY nnroiiijiTH.nr"<.'nt pn«t paid on receipt of?r''''V.'\'

"iS

-'liliiililirey^'HomeopathicilttUtiueCo.,10'J Fulton St., AewXorJt

ißlilllilii 9lIn P\\ /' " [^^ !

JlKjWlKsnyuuOTlQJliD??. SANFOf!L>:3 LIVER .'NViCORATCRt);*st what its nnmo irvph* •: a \ru' :üb!a .LiverMedicine. and fordiMe^->^rv^nltir;fTfroraod?r£iigeior torpidcondi fionof* the Lirer;suob AsßOioitsnoSßiCostivenesa, Janndii .Dyspepsia. Malaria, Sick-. adachi 3. Kher>ui&fi«:a. •\u25a0' •. An mralnable Fan?-Ucdicina, For fallinformation pond yoar a.v.drafts on a postal o&Tu for ICO Page book on th'»"Liveran.l its DiFft&«*a»" to DA. CSA.NFOKJJ. iiDn in \u25a0

'•-. et, Now York.

Aili)Kll.w,JcV \,ILL tl..!. 100 ITS BEP'JTATIOS. >

|T\ rw

HALL'SPULMONARY BALSAMTHE BEST REMEDY IN USE FOR OOTJGBB,JL Colds. Asthma. Bronchitis, Influenza, Croup,

Incipient Consumption, and all Throat and LungTroubles. Sold byall Druggists for 50 cent*.

J. R. GATES'* CO., Proprietors, 417 Sno-mc street, San Francisco nl9-lp