Rural Life ChangesRural Life ChangesChapter 5, Lesson 1Chapter 5, Lesson 1

Mr. Julian’s 5Mr. Julian’s 5thth Grade class Grade class

Essential QuestionEssential Question

How did new How did new machines and machines and technologies affect technologies affect the lives of people the lives of people living in rural areas?living in rural areas?

PlacesPlaces

Walnut Grove, VirginiaWalnut Grove, Virginia Ahwahnee Valley, CaliforniaAhwahnee Valley, California Appleton, WisconsinAppleton, Wisconsin

PeoplePeople

Cyrus McCormickCyrus McCormick L.O. ColvinL.O. Colvin Gustav de LavalGustav de Laval Ellen EgluiEllen Eglui Aaron Montgomery WardAaron Montgomery Ward Richard SearsRichard Sears Alvah C. RoebuckAlvah C. Roebuck

VocabularyVocabulary

Manual laborManual labor MechanizationMechanization ReaperReaper Threshing machineThreshing machine

Mechanization on the FarmMechanization on the Farm

Farming in the early 1800’s was Farming in the early 1800’s was difficult.difficult.

Manual laborManual labor, or doing a job by , or doing a job by hand, without the help of hand, without the help of machines, was the only way tasks machines, was the only way tasks were completed on the farm.were completed on the farm.

MechanizationMechanization, or doing work using , or doing work using machines, dramatically changed machines, dramatically changed farming. farming.

Mechanization on the FarmMechanization on the Farm

In 1834 In 1834 Cyrus McCormickCyrus McCormick perfected the mechanical perfected the mechanical reaperreaper, a , a machine that cuts grain.machine that cuts grain.

Steam engines were used to run Steam engines were used to run threshing machinesthreshing machines that separated that separated the grain from the plant stalks. the grain from the plant stalks.

In 1862 In 1862 L.O. ColvinL.O. Colvin developed the developed the first milking machine. first milking machine.

Mechanization on the FarmMechanization on the Farm

The cream separator invented by The cream separator invented by Gustav de LavalGustav de Laval cut down the time cut down the time to separate cream just minutes.to separate cream just minutes.

As farms increased in size, farmers As farms increased in size, farmers could sow fields with crops to sell. could sow fields with crops to sell.

These were called “cash crops” These were called “cash crops” because farmers grew them to because farmers grew them to make money.make money.

Industry’s ImpactIndustry’s Impact Factories were producing many Factories were producing many

products like products like Ellen Eglui’sEllen Eglui’s wringer wringer machine.machine.

Farmers and people living in rural Farmers and people living in rural areas did not have the ability to buy areas did not have the ability to buy some of these products, as most of some of these products, as most of their materials were still made by their materials were still made by hand.hand.

Aaron Montgomery WardAaron Montgomery Ward started a started a mail order establishment which mail order establishment which helped people that did not live near helped people that did not live near cities to get the same goods. cities to get the same goods.

Industry’s ImpactIndustry’s Impact

In 1893 In 1893 Richard SearsRichard Sears and and Alvah C. Alvah C. RoebuckRoebuck formed a mail order formed a mail order company that grew bigger than all company that grew bigger than all other mail order companies. other mail order companies.

They promised that their prices They promised that their prices were the cheapest and would were the cheapest and would deliver any product you requested. deliver any product you requested.

Getting ConnectedGetting Connected

Telephones connected people from Telephones connected people from around the country. around the country.

A factory owner could call a supplier A factory owner could call a supplier with a request without having to with a request without having to travel.travel.

Emergencies were also less frightening Emergencies were also less frightening as you could call a doctor or the police.as you could call a doctor or the police.

Telephone rate were very expensive Telephone rate were very expensive and some rural had no phones at all.and some rural had no phones at all.

Getting ConnectedGetting Connected

When Alexander Graham Bell’s When Alexander Graham Bell’s patent expired in 1893 small patent expired in 1893 small telephone companies began to telephone companies began to form in rural areas.form in rural areas.

One of the fist rural areas to get One of the fist rural areas to get phone service was phone service was Ahwahee Ahwahee Valley, California.Valley, California.

Electrifying the Electrifying the CountrysideCountryside

People knew of electric power for People knew of electric power for many years.many years.

The first battery was made in 1880.The first battery was made in 1880. The first electric motor was made in The first electric motor was made in

1821.1821. The problem was making enough The problem was making enough

power stations to deliver the power stations to deliver the electricity.electricity.

The first power station opened in San The first power station opened in San Francisco in 1879.Francisco in 1879.

Electrifying the Electrifying the CountrysideCountryside

The first hydroelectric plant opened The first hydroelectric plant opened in 1882 in in 1882 in Appleton, WisconsinAppleton, Wisconsin. .

The power plant in Appleton helped The power plant in Appleton helped run the paper mill and electric run the paper mill and electric streetcars.streetcars.

Farmers, however still would not get Farmers, however still would not get power for many years to come. power for many years to come.

In 1936, the rural Electrification Act In 1936, the rural Electrification Act gave money to help create power gave money to help create power stations that would give electricity stations that would give electricity to rural areas. to rural areas.

TimelineTimeline

1834 - Cyrus McCormick invented 1834 - Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaperthe mechanical reaper

1879 - First electric power station 1879 - First electric power station opened in San Franciscoopened in San Francisco

1893 - New telephone companies 1893 - New telephone companies formed when Bell’s patent expired.formed when Bell’s patent expired.

Review QuestionsReview Questions

How did advances in How did advances in mechanization affect farmers in mechanization affect farmers in the late 1800’s?the late 1800’s?

How did the growth of the industry How did the growth of the industry make it easier for farmers to get make it easier for farmers to get goods?goods?