RUPM FINAL.docx

7/24/2019 RUPM FINAL.docx

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PROJECT REPORT

(Submitted for the Degree of B. Com. Honours in

Accounting & Finance under the University of Calcutta

Employment generation both public and private sectors before globalization

Submitted by

Name of the candidate :

Registration Number :

Roll Number :

Name of the College :

Supervised by

Name of the Supervisor :

University :

Month & Year of Submission:

Co-coordinator- nternal !"aminer-

Supervisor- !"ternal !"aminer-


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SU#!R$S%RS C!R'(C)'!

!his is to certify that **********student of B.Com. Honours in Accounting

& Finance in Business of """"""""""". #hich she is submitting$ is his% her genuine

and original #or to the best of my no#ledge.

#lace :'olata Signature :

+ate : Name :

+esignation :

Name of the College:


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STUE!T"S EC#$R$T%O!

hereby declare that the )ro*ect +or #ith the title ,+oring Ca-ital anagement in

Birla Cor-oration /imited0 submitted by me for the -artial fulfillment of the degree of B. com.

Honours1 in Accounting & Finance in Business under the University of Calcutta is my original

#or and has not been submitted earlier to any other University for the fulfillment of the

re2uirement for any course of study.

also declare that no cha-ter of this manuscri-t in #hole or in -art has been incor-orated

in this re-ort from any earlier #or done by others or by me. Ho#ever$ e3tracts of any literature

#hich has been used for this re-ort has been duly acno#ledged -roviding details of such literature

in the references.

#lace :'olata Signature :

+ate : Name :

)ddress :

Name of the College :

Registration No, :

Roll Number :


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)cno.ledgement

!he conventional education that -ursue gives me little sco-e for -ractical sills and no#ledge

enhancements. Ho#ever this -ro*ect have undertaen has given me am-le o--ortunities to analyse the

im-lement my abilities and in understanding the overall curriculum in a better manner.

#ould gratefully acno#ledge my thans to a fe# individuals$ the corner stones$ #ithout #hose

active -artici-ation and utmost hel-$ the com-letion of the -ro*ect #ould have been a distant land to

travel to.

!o start #ith$ #ould lie to mention the role of my commerce de-artment #hich let me have the

-rivilege of undertaing the -ro*ect. Hence than the teachers of my de-artment for his over #helming

su--ort. #ould then lie to convey my sincere gratitude to )rof. 4iddhi Chatter*ee for the -rimordial

guidance in the com-letion of the -ro*ect.

also e3-ress my gratitude to#ards reserve ban of ndia for -roviding immense information on

their #ebsites$ #hich came in good hel-$ throughout my -ro*ect.

Finally the true -o#er of S #ord & s e3cel$ #ithout #hich this -ro*ect #ouldn1t have taen

sha-e$ than you r. Bill 5ates and icrosoft Cor-.


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ntroduction

m-loyment -lays a ey role in the economic security of develo-ing country. t is the main

source of livelihood and self6fulfillment for most of the human beings. !he main goals of

economic -olicy are accelerating gro#th and e3-anding em-loyment o--ortunities in

different sectors of the country. So$ em-loyment has al#ays featured as an element of

develo-ment -olicy in ndia. !herefore$ the government has given -riority and attention for the

develo-ment of Five 7ear -lans from time to time. t also started the ne# a--roaches and strategies as

#ell as -olicies and -rogrammes for em-loyment generation. After inde-endence$ ndia embared on a

strategy of industriali8ation based develo-ment$ later it #as e3-anded to all sectors #ith labour

-artici-ation.

9n the middle of the :;=== sa# the -eriod of ?@obless1 gro#th and beginning of

the -ositive result of liberali8ation in terms of a high em-loyment gro#th. Further$ there are a fe#

disconcerting features of em-loyment gro#th in recent years.

9m-loyment gro#th rate and em-loyment content of gro#th have decelerated.

Sectors #ith higher em-loyment -otential have registered relatively slo#er gro#th.

Agricultural sector em-loyment shar-ly declined$ but non6Agricultural sectors have not generated

enough em-loyment.


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ost of the em-loyment gro#th has been contributed by the unorgani8ed and informal sectors$

#hich gave -oor income.

9m-loyment gro#th in the organi8ed sector$ #hich seems to have -iced u- in recent years$ has

been mostly in the categories of casual and contract labour.

/ong term em-loyment gro#th during :;6. -er cent and :. -er cent in

:;;6; and >==6=. !hus #hen 5D) gre# at .< -er cent -er annum during :;6. -er cent$ but em-loyment gro#th declined to >.= -er cent during :; and

:;;6;.During :;;6; and >==6= 5D) gro#th accelerated to E. -er cent$ but em-loyment gro#th

further declined to :. -er cent during the >==6= and >==;6:=. +hen 5D) gro#th #as as high as ; -er

cent em-loyment gre# at an insignificant rate of >> -er cent. !he declining trend in the em-loyment

content of gro#th is 2uite clearly seen in terms of the values of em-loyment elasticity. +hile statistically

reliable estimates on em-loyment characteristics from the SSG are available at the disaggregated levelof the SSG agro6climatic regions from the large rounds$ the estimates are considered more reliable and

are the most #idely used source for understanding em-loyment and unem-loyment.

n ndia$ as -o-ulation gro#th is higher$ the em-loyment gro#th is not -ro-ortionately e2ual to it.

Since inde-endence$ unem-loyment rate has been -rogressively gro#ing in s-ite of Five 7ear -lans. For

the e3-ansion of economy$ transforming the em-loyment trend in ndia is one of the significant economic

and social factors. 9m-loyment has al#ays featured as an element of develo-ment -olicy in ndia. !he

intention of this study is to analy8e the trends of em-loyment in organi8ed sector of ndia. !he organi8edsector consists of both the -ublic and -rivate sector. 9m-loyment in ndia is going through striing

changes defying -redictable understanding and revolving many common -erce-tions on their heads. !his

study focuses on the trend of male and female em-loyment and sector6#ise em-loyment in organi8ed

sector of ndia. !he -eriod of the study is :;=:= and based on secondary information.

'he main %b/ectives of the study are as follo.s:

i. !o analy8e the 9m-loyment in Grgani8ed )ublic Sector and )rivate Sector in ndia.

ii. !o study the Se36#ise 9m-loyment in Grgani8ed )ublic and )rivate Sectors in ndia.

iii. !o identify the Category6#ise 9m-loyment of )ublic Sector in ndia.iv. !o loo after the -attern of em-loyment generation via -ublic sector and -rivate sector enter-rises

during the time s-an :;=:=. +ithin this time -eriod the most im-ortant -henomenon of

ndian economy too -lace #hich is no#n as ne# economic -olicy or economic reform.


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!he main motive of the study is to see #hether there e3ist any change in scenario of -re

-rivati8ation and -ost -rivati8ation and also to see the gro#th rate of em-loyment generation by both

-ublic and -rivate sector and its trend.

0imitations

!here #ere certain limitations governing the -ro*ect #hich can be discussed as follo#s

a. !here #ere not enough sources e3ce-t the hel- obtained from the site of the 4B

b. !here #ere not enough evidences to deduct the final im-act of the globali8ation on the

em-loyment generation

So these #ere the limitations faced during the doing of the -ro*ect but #e tried to overcome that

and come out #ith a result to sho# the im-act of globali8ation on the -ublic and the -rivatesector.

!he -ro*ect -articularly #ants to study the nature and trend of change in -ublic and -rivate sector

of ndia. !his -ro*ect studies the trend analysis regarding em-loyment generation in -ublic and -rivate

sector of ndia #hich has been develo-ed #ith follo#ing cha-ters.

Cha-ter > follo#s a literature revie#.

Cha-ter follo#s a research methodology.

Cha-ter follo#s a data analysis.

Cha-ter follo#s a conclusion.


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Chapter-1

0iterature revie.

A survey of educated unem-loyment in Bombay by ).A. air entitled ,em-loyment maret in

metro-olis0(:;E sought to investigate su--ly and demand forces affecting in em-loyment maret in

Bombay. t #as confined to the registration of the regional e3change in Bombay. !he im-ortant

recommendation made by the study include a develo-ment a--roach to educations$ *ob orientation in

female education curriculum dis-ersed and balanced develo-ment and so on.

!he boo entitled ?!he Causes of 5raduate Unem-loyment in ndia1 #ritten by ar Blaug$ 4ichard

/ayard and aurreen #oodhall deals #ith the -roblem of unem-loyment among the graduates and

matriculates in ndia. !he study #as -art of *oint on an-o#er and 9ducation -lanning in ndia$

undertaen by higher educational research institute at /ondon school of 9conomics and ne# Delhi

-lanning unit of ndian Statistical nstitute. !he identified the causes of educated unem-loyment and the

lo# 2uality education. !he causes of educated unem-loyment $according to them$ run dee- into the

functioning of the labour maret $ the institution of *oint family and -ersonal values of educated ndians.

A study conducted by C. )arvathamma entitled ?9m-loyments -roblems of University 5raduates1(:;$

focused on the unem-loyment -roblem among the university graduates.!he study #as based on three

-ercent sam-le of under graduates and -ost graduate students in various faculties of Bangalore$ ysore$

'arnataa and agriculture universities in 'arnataa state. t classified the causes of unem-loyment into

t#o broad categories $ e3ternal and internal. !he e3ternal causes are outside the individual and beyond

ones control. +hile internal causes -ertain to and emanate from the individual over #hich a certain

amount of control can be e3ercised. !he categorisation is relevant to both educated and non6educated

unem-loyment. !he im-ortant suggestion to tide over the crisis include self em-loyment$ manual *obs$

*obs outside the country and em-loyment in defence forces.

A study conducted by S.). 5u-ta$ ?)o-ulation 5ro#th and the )roblem of Unem-loyment1(:;;=

-resents the -ressure of -o-ulation gro#th on the -rogrammes of social #alfare and economic

gro#th.!he researchers surveyed >== families in four district in the state of @ammu and 'ashmir. !he

stressed on the need to reduce the une2ual gender si8e of labour force and the need to create more *obs

in the #ae of higher level of socio economic develo-ment.


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A study conducted by the Association of ndian Universities co ordinated by @./. A8ad$(:;;: entitled

?5raduate unem-loyment in ndia1 analysed the magnitude of Unem-loyment among the educated$ to

e3-lore the ty-es and -attern of *ob available and find out the average #aiting -eriod. !he field of

investigation #as confined to the states of 5u*arat and aharashtra. !he study revealed that self

em-loyment #as the last resort of an educated -erson. +hile the incidence of unem-loyment among arts

students is ma3imum$ among education graduates it is minimum.

!he boo entitled ?youth$ education and unem-loyment1 by )ramod 'umar Ba*-ai (:;;> sought to

analyse the educational and other reasons of unem-loyment. !he study covered == unem-loyed youth

registered #ith /ucno# 9m-loyment 93change. !he study -ointed out that the -resent -olitico6

economic system is the ma*or cause of unem-loyment and the -resent educational system is not

conductive for em-loyment generation.

!he boo entitled ?9ducated Unem-loyed +oman ndia1 by uta ittal(:;; analysed the

develo-ment needs and as-iration and the socio economic and behavioural -roblems of unem-loyed

educated female youth. !he study #as conducted among == registrants of regional 9m-loyment

93change of /ucno# and em-loyment nformation and 5uidance bureau at /ucno# University. !he

study analysed some salient features of the -roblem and suggested certain measures to hel- the -olicy

maers to formulate a--ro-riate strategies and a--roaches to remove gender dis-arities.


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Chapter-2

Research Methodology

A research methodology defines the activity of research is$ ho# to -roceed$ ho# to measure -rogress$ and

#hat constitutes success. Here in this -ro*ect #ant to chec out the trend of em-loyment generation in

ndia #ithin time -eriod :;=:=. n the conte3t of 9m-loyment in -ublic and -rivate sectors of ndia.

For this have done gra-hical analysis of -ublic sector -lan outlay. have studied both the trend and

gro#th rate of em-loyment generation in -ublic and -rivate sectors of ndia.


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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

!he im-act of globali8ation on em-loyment in the -rivate and -ublic sector can be felt both in

ndia and in international economy.

!here is a huge im-act on the economy #hich can be initially seen in the country but it can also

be seen at the international field. !here has been more or less same im-act in all the develo-ing

countries nd same im-acts in the develo-ed countries thus #e see that in the national scenario it

is said about the evolution of the em-loyment and effects on human resource of the country.

!he global em-loyment and unem-loyment situation according to the +orld 9m-loyment

4e-ort :;;6;;$ Gut of an estimated E billion -o-ulation in the year:;;< around billion #as in

the labour force. :E= million -ersons have been estimated to be fully unem-loyed. > to =

-ercent of the em-loyed labour force is under em-loyed. A large number of young -eo-le in theage grou- of : and > (around E= million in :;;


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#eriod 4ro.th rate of 4ro.th rate of employment in the organi5ed

%f overall employment sector 678

#ublic #rivate 'otal

391-2 to -; 1,< --- --- 1,= 1,99 3,=3 1,=;

39;2 to 39;-;; 3, 1,3 ?,=2 3,2;

39;-;; to 3992-9= 1,2 3,?? 3,3; 3,?.t sho#s the trend in -ublic sector in :;;=::6:> and in -rivate sector in >=::6:> is more than in :;;


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Number of Persons

on the ive !egister

"#n$%&ecember'

Private (ector "#n$%

)arch'

Public (ector "#n$%

)arch'

Figure6>

!he above gra-h sho#s the trend of em-loyment in )rivate and -ublic sector thorough number of -ersons

on the live register from :;6 to :;;6;E.t sho#s the trend in -ublic sector in :;;E6;< is far more

than in :;>6 and also in -rivate sector in :;;E6;< is far more than in :;>6.


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0

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

number of persons on

live register

private sector

public sector

Figure6

!he above gra-h sho#s the trend of em-loyment in )rivate and -ublic sector thorough number of -ersons

on the live register from :;


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Figure: n this fig :$ sho#s the trend in em-loyment of -rivate and -ublic sector. According to

this$ com-aring bet#een :;;=::$gradually fluctuate in -ublic sector by increasing in -rivate sector.

Figure > According to fig >$ it im-lies that em-loyment rate in -ublic sector #as gradually

increasing in end of arch also in -rivate sector in :;6 to :;;6;E. But #e can see the

uniform rate #ithout changing in -rivate sector bet#een ;:6; and also E6.

Figure According to fig$ it sho#s the rate in em-loyment gro#th #as gradually increasing in

:;


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SA%BN4 C)'!4%RY BS! !M#0%YM!N' N %R4)NS!+ #U0C S!C'%R )N+ #R$)'!

S!C'%R

1**51**61**71**81***200020012002

0+

10+

20+

30+

40+

50+

60+

70+

80+

*0+

100+

!otal

/ocal bodies

Luasi65overnments

State 5overnments

Central 5overnment

(igure-=

n above figure sho#ing the trend of em-loyment in -ublic sector by branch and industries #ith

category #ise.According to gra-hical vie# in res-ect by branch the ma*or -ortion of em-loyment #as

contributed in state government and lo#er -ortion in local bodies as #ell as 2uasi6governments

contributed so #ell but central government more lo#er than state and 2uasi6governments.


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0+

10+

20+

30+

40+

50+60+

70+

80+

*0+

100+

,otal

-ommunit/ (ocial

personal services

inance/ insurance/

real estate etc.

,ransport/ storage

communications

holesale an$ retail

tra$e

-onstruction #lectricit/ gas an$

ater

)anufacturing )ining an$ uarring

griculture/ hunting

etc.

(igure-===.

!he m-act of 5lobali8ation on 9m-loyment ichel A. D )9!4G$ 9sther ir*am

54SB94594$ Alain IU//9 S#iss Federal Statistical Gffice (FSG$ S#it8erland.


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+++.5GG5/9.CG

+++.4B.G45

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RUPM FINAL.docx