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The goal of the presentation is detection of consciousness as it appears in Rorschach’s Inkblot Test. Hermann Rorschach described basic form of respondent’s conscious activity in terms of apperception. He understood apperception as a specific kind of perception with the conscious assimilative effort. For Rorschach, apperception is the most important mental function that the respondent employs for interpretation of inkblots. Early direction of Rorschach’s research is probably closest to the modern concept of consciousness such as theory of neural correlates of consciousness. We can explore location, developmental or form quality and determinants as a part of visual awareness. Inkblot test can be also considered as specific decision-making task and so as a test of executive functions. However, consciousness may take other representation in the test. Perhaps, it may be detected in the content or in specific phenomena as a function of aesthetic consciousness. All these phenomena point to consciousness even if we are not dealing with them in common usage of inkblot test.
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RORSCHACH AND CONSCIOUSNESSJan Bazant
Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University
Definition of consciousness
CONSCIOUSNESS IS …
Meanings of consciousness
waking state experience mind
proneness to embarrassment
self-detection self-recognition awareness of awareness self-knowledge
Consciousness Self-consciousness
Adapted by ZEMAN, A. (2001). Consciousness. Brain, 124, pp. 1263-1289.
Interpretation of the chance forms
Rorschach “…we conclude that there must be a kind of
threshold beyond which perception (assimilation without consciousness of assimilative effort) becomes interpretation (perception with consciousness of assimilative effort).”
RORSCHACH, H. (1981). Psychodiagnostics. Bern: Hans Huber Publisher.
Interpretation
MINIATURIST, French . (Active c. 1380 in Paris). Narcissus’s spring in Roman de la Rose (Guillaume De Lorris, c1230-35). Decoration of manuscript. Bodleian Library, Oxford.
Seeing is believing Varela
enactive paradigm construction of reality depends
on perceiving subject, but structure of perceiving subject is formed by reality
Merleau-Ponty structure is object of
consciousness consciousness is caught in
perceiving body and interlaced with world
WORLD
PERCEPTIONstructuring
construing
Principle of homology
emphasis on symbolic thinking
projection-centered symbolic description
of life events, relationships, etc.
emphasis on decision making and problem solving
perception-centered impact of cognition on
life events, relationships, etc.
Content-based approach Cognition-based approach
Embodied consciousness Lakoff
structure of mind is characterized by cognitive models, which are embodied
cognitive models are in systematic connection with embodied terms
Damasio human being requires a functioning human brain, in
living human body, interacting with complex physical, social, and cultural environments, in an ongoing flow of experience
Dissociative disorder impaired or lost conscious and selective
control over psychical and behavioral function loss of identity lost integrity of memories loss of sensation or perception lost control of body movement
Dissociation in Rorschach Amstrong and Loewenstein (1990), Brand et al
(2006), Leavitt and Labott (1996), Wagner et al (1974, 1983, 1986), Scroppo et al. (1998)
intellectualized, reflective coping style characterized by non-emotional introspection with tendency to emotional restraint
ROR ‘s stimuli could trigger trauma contents
Psychical distance Bullough
“It is a difference of outlook, due to the insertion of distance. This distance appears to lie between our own self and its affection, using the latter term in its broadest sense as anything which affect our being, bodily or spiritually.”
aesthetic consciousness
BULLOUGH, E. (1912). ‘Psychical distance’ as a Factor in Art and as an Aesthetic Principle. British J. of Psychology, 5, pp. 87-117.
Morgenthaler’s examination selecting and
sorting of tables by pleasantness and unpleasantness
or by degree of pleasantness or unpleasantness
Arrangement of tables
IIIIII
VIIVIVIV
XIXVIII
Uniqueness of Rorschach
