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©2011 Rodale Institute ©2012 Rodale Institute
Gladis Zinati Associate Research ScientistRodale Institute, Kutztown, PA
[email protected]; Tel. (610) 683-1402Presented at the First OREI Meeting, RAREC, NJ
January 7, 2013
Update on Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (BMSB) at Rodale Institute
©2011 Rodale Institute
Presentation1. An overview of the farm
2. BMSB pressure, losses, management tactics, and weather data (2008-2012)
3. Scouting in November 2012a. Locate overwintering sites by BMSBsb. Record number of dead and live BMSBsc. Identify preferred material or fabric by BMSBs for
overwinteringd. Potential natural enemy
1. The gathered information will help us to:a. identify the sites where we will establish the trap crops
to monitor the BMSB population during the first year of the project
©2011 Rodale Institute
- Certified organic since 2002- There are 132 fields on 333 acres - The soil is shaley silt loam- Field crops, vegetables, apple orchards - Ornamental trees, landscape plants, and
pastures- A demonstration Garden
Overview of the farm
©2011 Rodale Institute
Brown Marmorated Stink Bug
Brown marmorated stink bug has become a nuisance pest to home oweners
©2011 Rodale Institute
Economic losses on apples
Photos: Chris Bergh –Virginia Tech
But it is a devastating pest for orchardists and many other commodity growers
©2011 Rodale Institute
2008-2010: a. Pumpkins planted west side of the orchard-
All covered with BMSB b. High pressure, Total crop lossc. No management tactic was applied
BMSB pressure, losses, and management tactics
Pumpkins
N
Apples
©2011 Rodale Institute
2008 Precipitation – above normal
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Pre
cip
ita
tio
n (
inc
he
s)
2008
Normal2008 total = 49.98 inchesNormal total = 43.52 inchesDifference = + 6.46 inches
©2011 Rodale Institute
2009 Precipitation- above normal
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Pre
cip
ita
tio
n (
inc
he
s)
2009
Normal
2009 total = 53.00 inchesNormal total = 43.52 inchesDifference = + 9.48 inches
©2011 Rodale Institute
2010 Precipitation – close to normal
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Pre
cip
ita
tio
n (
inc
he
s)
2010Normal
2010 total = 43.13 inches Normal total = 43.52 inchesDifference = - 0.39 inches
©2011 Rodale Institute
2008-2010 - Monthly Mean temperatures
2008-2010 Monthly Mean
Temperatures (oF) at Rodale Institute
76
15
562008
2009
2010
©2011 Rodale Institute
2008-2010 - Monthly Mean temperatures
2008-2010 Monthly Mean
Temperatures (oF) at Rodale Institute
76
15
562008
2009
2010
Minimum Temperature Threshold (MTT) for BMSB (56oF) shifted from mid May in 2008 to mid April in 2010. As a result of climate change, we could expect warmer temperatures earlier in the season and reach MTT earlier than expected.
©2011 Rodale Institute
2011:a. Winter Squash and pumpkins (15-20/fruit)b. Seen late summer early fallc. Medium damaged. No management tactic was appliede. Was the wettest year on record
BMSB pressure, losses, and management tactics
©2011 Rodale Institute
2011 Precipitation – the wettest year on record in PA in nearly 200 years
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Pre
cip
itat
ion
(in
ches
)
2011
Normal
2008 total = 69.31 inchesNormal total = 43.52 inchesDifference = + 25.79 inches
©2011 Rodale Institute
2011 Monthly Mean temperatures
2011- Monthly Mean temperatures
(oF) at Rodale Institute
78
15
56
Jan
Feb Mar Apr
May Ju
nJu
lAug
Sep Oct
NovDec
©2011 Rodale Institute
2012: a. An average year, not much snow or cold
b. Apples and Squash were affected
c. 30-40 nymphs - early July on summer squash flower and leaves
d. Sprayed Surround (Kaolin Clay) as a preventive measure for beetles
e. Low pressure of BMSB, Minor damage
f. No management tactic specific to BMSB was applied
BMSB pressure, losses, and management tactics
©2011 Rodale Institute
2012 Precipitation – below normal
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Pre
cip
ita
tio
n (
inc
he
s)
2012
Normal
2009 total = 34.01 inchesNormal total = 43.52 inchesDifference = - 9.51 inches
©2011 Rodale Institute
2012- Monthly Mean Temperatures at Rodale Institute
76
15
56
Jan
Feb Mar Apr
May Ju
nJu
lAug
Sep Oct
NovDec
©2011 Rodale Institute
2008-2012 Monthly Mean
Temperatures (oF) at Rodale Institute
78
15
562008
2009
2010
2011
2012
©2011 Rodale Institute
Predictions!!!!!!!
Warm temperatures and low rainfall of 2012 could be factors in seeing an increase in BMSB population this coming year (2013), possibly!!!!
©2011 Rodale Institute
Presentation
1. An overview of the farm
2. BMSB pressure, losses, management tactics, and weather data (2008-2012)
3. Scouting in November 2012
a. Locate overwintering sites by BMSBs
b. Record number of dead and live BMSBs
c. Identify preferred material or fabric by BMSBs for overwintering
d. Potential natural enemy
©2011 Rodale Institute
3.a. Aerial map of Rodale Institute
Hay barn
Greenhouses
Carriage House
Apple orchard
Book Store
Barn
NRodale House
Main officeSiegfriedale S. House Garage
Sun room
Under Barn
Machiner
y Bldg.Garden Pavillion
Lab.
©2011 Rodale Institute
3.b. Scouting for BMSB at Rodale Institute –November 28-29, 2012
Structure/Bldg. # Dead BMSB # Live BMSBBook Store 4 18WEPP-Restrooms 0 0
Rodale Barn 0 0
Rodale House 17 21Garden Pavillion 0 10Greenhouses 37 0
Dryer Bldg. 0 0
Machinery Bldg./OPS 0 0
Hay Barn 0 0
Lab. 0 0
Sunroom/kitchen 0/1 0/0
Carriage House 9 1
Under Barn 1 0
Main Office 12 1
Siegfriedale House 18 1
Siegfriedale Garage 42 0
_______________________________________________________________________
©2011 Rodale Institute
Live and Dead BMSBs counts
Hay barn
Greenhouses
(37)
Carriage House
Apple orchard
Book Store (18)
Barn
NRodale House (21)
Main office (12)Siegfriedale S. House (18) Garage (42)
Sun room
Under Barn
Machiner
y Bldg.Garden Pavillion
(10)
Lab.
Numbers in red (live BMSB), numbers in pink (dead)
©2011 Rodale Institute
3a,b. Greenhouse –Rodale Institute
Dead BMSBs and other insects in the plastic heating tube
©2011 Rodale Institute
3.c. Material preferred for overwintering-Garden Pavillion, Rodale Institute
Dark color & Water-proof fabric
©2011 Rodale Institute
3.c. Material preferred by BMSB- Book Store, RI, BMSBs hiding in fabric
Aero Soft Grow Containers
©2011 Rodale Institute
Aero Soft Grow Containers
Made from recycled biodegradable inert plastic
©2011 Rodale Institute
Book Store- BMSB hiding in a book
©2011 Rodale Institute
3d. Spider Web can be a natural Enemy for BMSB, Siegfriedale Garage, Rodale Institute
West side of farm
Spider web Caught in a spider web
©2011 Rodale Institute
Presentation
1. An overview of the farm
2. BMSB pressure, losses, management tactics, and weather data (2008-2012)
3. Scouting in November 2012
a. Locate overwintering sites by BMSBs
b. Record number of dead and live BMSBs
c. Identify preferred material or fabric by BMSBs for overwintering
d. Potential natural enemy
1. The gathered information will help us to:
a. identify the sites where we will establish the trap crops to monitor the BMSB population during the first year of the project
©2011 Rodale Institute
4. Information collected in scouting helped us to
1. Identify the hot spots –locations of overwintering adults
2. Identify where BMSBs would disperse from and which fields could be impacted
3. Potential locations where we could set up sentinel and crop traps for monitoring
©2011 Rodale Institute
4.a. hot zone
Hay barn
Greenhouses
(37)
Carriage House
Apple orchard
Book Store (18)
Barn
NRodale House (21)
Main office (12)Siegfriedale S. House (18) Garage (42)
Sun room
Under Barn
Machinery Bldg.
Garden Pavillion
(10)
Lab.
Potential hot spots, East side of the farm and wooded area
Numbers in red (live BMSB), Numbers in pink (dead)
©2011 Rodale Institute
4.b.c. BMSB could disperse to these locations and traps needed for monitoring
Rodale house
Garden Pavillion
Book store
©2011 Rodale Institute
• In small garden situation, placing wooden boards under plants helped in collecting BMSBs since they crawl under to seek shelter and moisture
• Spraying Surround® could have minimized the spread of BMSBs and their population, but no proof
• Spider web could reduce BMSB adult population
• Designing material that mimic spider web that may reduce their flying ability and aid in trapping them.
Observations
©2011 Rodale Institute
Our future work …
Certainly monitoring and identifying organic management tactics that control this bug would lead to:
1. Making better and effective recommendations
to growers and home owners
2. Reduce crop losses
3. Ensure economic and environmental
sustainability
©2011 Rodale Institute
Linking RI website to eOrganic website
©2011 Rodale Institute
Acknowledge my team:
Jeff Moyer and Christine Zieglerthanks to Rita Seidel for providing weather info and Jake for helping us in collecting the bugs in the greenhouse!
Thank You Let us discuss!