Rockwood(2011)_Materials Fabrication From Bombyx Mori Silk Fibroin_Nature Protocols

7/30/2019 Rockwood(2011)_Materials Fabrication From Bombyx Mori Silk Fibroin_Nature Protocols

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©:>66

KfturdFgdromf#Okm+Fccrohbtsrdsdrvd`+

pratamac

656: | UAC+5 KA+6> | :>66 | kfturd pratamacs

Oktra@umtOakJagjyx garo "sociwarg/ soci os f ukoqud gftdrofc# wbomb bfs bos'taromfccy jddk bohbcy rdhfr`d` ar ots strdkhtb fk` custdr+ bysomofks

bfvd usd` soci fs f suturd gftdrofc ar mdkturods# fk` ot bfs rdmdktcy hfokd` fttdktoak fs f joagftdrofc jdmfusd a sdvdrfc `dsorfjcd prap'

drtods+ Ok pfrtomucfr# tbdsd prapdrtods okmcu`d ots joamagpftojocoty#tbd dfsd wotb wbomb ot mfk jd mbdgomfccy gaòod`6”4# ots scaw rftda dhrf`ftoak ok vova fk` ots fjocoty ta jd pramdssd` okta guctopcd

gftdrofc argfts rag dotbdr fqudaus sacutoak ar fk arhfkom sac'vdkt5+ Jdmfusd a cfrhd'smfcd muctovftoak a sociwargs ar tbd tdx'tocd okùstry# tbdrd frd fjuk`fkt fk` rdfsakfjcd mast saurmds ar

tbos kfturfc pacygdr9 bawdvdr# ar gdòmfc fppcomftoaks# f`dquftddxtrfmtoak fk` prdpfrftoak a tbd mard pratdok os rdquord`+ Eragtbd rfw mamaaks# tbd sdromok magpakdkt gust jd rdgavd` rag

tbd mard ojraok ojdrs+ ]dromok os f hraup a sacujcd hcymapratdoksdxprdssd` ok tbd go``cd soci hcfk` a J+ garo8+ Pbdsd pratdoks mavdr

tbd surfmd a ojraok# tbd soci ocfgdkt mard pratdok# ok tbd mamaakocfgdkt+ Akmd tbos f`bdsovd pratdok os rdgavd`# tbd ojraok ojdrsfrd òssacvd` okta fk fqudaus sacutoak tbft mfk jd urtbdr pra'mdssd` okta òdrdkt gftdrofcs+ ]agd a tbd gftdrofc argfts tbft

bfvd jddk stuòd` frd sbawk ok Eohurd 6+Pbd accawokh pratamacs mfk bdcp wotb tbd`dsohk fk` ogpcdgdktftoak a f vfrodty a soci'jfsd` joagftdrofcs ar f rfkhd a

patdktofc fppcomftoaks+Kftovd J+ garo soci os magpasd` a soci

ojraok pratdok maftd` wotb sdromok pra'

tdoks+ ]dromoks frd f`bdsovd pratdoks tbftfmmaukt ar :4”=>$ a tbd tatfc sociwarg

mamaak jy wdohbt+ Pbd soci ojraok maksostsa f cohbt mbfok " G

w ~:5 i@f/ fk` f bdfvy

mbfok " G w

~=?> i@f/ cokid` jy f òsuco`djak`5+ ]oci ojraok os f jcami mapacygdr

romb ok by`rapbajom κ'sbddt'argokh

jcamis cokid` jy sgfcc by`rapbocom cokidr sdhgdkts ar spfmdrs+Pbd mrystfccokd rdhoaks frd progfrocy magpasd` a hcymokd'R

rdpdfts# wbdrd R os fcfkokd# sdrokd# tbrdakokd ar vfcokd+ Xotboktbdsd àgfoks cod sujàgfoks tbft frd romb ok hcymokd# fcfkokd#sdrokd fk` tyrasokd5+ Pbd rdsuct os f by`rapbajom pratdok tbft sdc'fssdgjcds ta arg strakh fk` rdsocodkt gftdrofcs+ Pbd agokfkmd a

tbd κ'sbddt'argokh rdhogds wotbok tbd ojraok strumturd ogpfrtstbd pratdok'jfsd` gftdrofcs wotb bohb gdmbfkomfc strdkhtb fk`tauhbkdss+ Pbd tauhbkdss a soci ojdrs os hrdftdr tbfk tbd jdst

syktbdtom gftdrofcs# okmcuòkh Idvcfr2+ Ok tdrgs a strdkhtb# soci'warg soci os supdroar ta maggakcy usd` pacygdrom `dhrf`fjcdjoagftdrofcs sumb fs maccfhdk fk` pacy"c'cfmtom fmo`/ "^CF/+ Pbductogftd tdksocd strdkhtb a J+ garo soci ojdrs os 80> G^f+ Ok mak'

trfst# maccfhdk bfs fk uctogftd tdksocd strdkhtb a >+?”8+0 G^f fk`^CF :2”4> G^f?+ Pbdrdard# soci ojraok os fk dxmdccdkt mfkò`ftd

pacygdr ar joagdòmfc fppcomftoaks+Ok f`òtoak ta tbd ogprdssovd gdmbfkomfc prapdrtods# soci ojraok os

fcsa f dhrf`fjcd gftdrofc+ Bohbcy mrystfccozd` soci `dhrf`ds scawcy#jut tbd rftd ok vova `dpdk`s ak tbd ogpcfktftoak sotd# gdmbfkomfc

Gftdrofcs efjromftoak erag Jagjyx garo soci eojraok

@fkodccd K Zamiwaa`# Zumsfk`f M rd`f# Pukf _ómdc# Rofaqok Xfkh# Gombfdc C Cavdtt % @fvo` C Ifpcfk

@dpfrtgdkt a Joagdòmfc Dkhokddrokh# Puts Tkovdrsoty# Gdàr`# Gfssfmbusdtts# T]F+ Marrdspak`dkmd sbauc` jd f``rdssd` ta @+C+I+ "`fvo`+ifpcfkNtuts+dù/+

ûjcosbd` akcokd :: ]dptdgjdr :>669 ào<6>+6>=2!kprat+:>66+=8?

soi ojo# ov` g Jagjyx garo # o o`y ` ` ò` o yg jogo oo+soi ojo b gij gbo o b g` o o go# g jogojooy# bj `hò g b y ` j bgoy gòo` o oggjoozhb + f voy q ho v'oh gb` j ` h oi jogo h oo+ O bo # o` gb` x oi gJ+ garo jo by`h# j# h#go# oj# gob ` bo og+ tb go j ` òy jogo og# òho o hooh ` ok votra ò g`# h ovy+

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Eoh 6 | ]mbdgftom a gftdrofc args fjromftd`

rag soci ojraok usokh jatb arhfkom sacvdkt” fk`

fqudaus'jfsd` pramdssokh fpprafmbds+ Avdrfcc#

tbd soci ojraok dxtrfmtoak pramdss tfids 0 ` fk`

tbd togd wotbok tbd frraws okòmftds tbd togd

rdquord` ta pramdss tbd soci ojraok sacutoak okta

tbd gftdrofc a mbaomd+



©:>66


pratamac

kfturd pratamacs | UAC+5 KA+6> | :>66 | 656=

dkvorakgdkt fk` dfturds a tbd pramdssokh usd` ta prdpfrd tbdsoci gftdrofc+ ]oci `dhrf`ftoak os gdòftd` jy pratdfsds# wotb tbdpdpto`ds hdkdrftd` gdtfjacozd` jy mdccs?+ J+ garo yfrks bfvd jddk

okmujftd` ok pratdfsd ROU up ta 6: wddis# fk` ot bfs jddk sbawktbft wotb okmrdfsokh okmujftoak togd tbd dkzygd mcdfvd` tbd soci pratdok ft guctopcd camftoaks fcakh tbd mbfoks9 avdrfcc dkzygftom

`dhrf`ftoak wfs gdòftd` jy surfmd drasoak6>+ Ok f`òtoak# tbd`dhrf`ftoak rftd a soci mfk jd fctdrd` jy tbd ga`d a pramdssokh tbdojraok# fs wdcc fs past'pramdssokh trdftgdkts# rdcftd` ta tbd maktdkt

a κ'sbddt mrystfcs fk` dhrdd a arhfkozftoak a tbd kakmrystfccokdàgfoks+ Ok hdkdrfc# tbd dhrf`ftoak rftd dmrdfsds wotb fk okmrdfsdok avdrfcc κ'sbddt maktdkt+ Bawdvdr# ot bfs fcsa jddk sbawk tbft

tbd rftd a `dhrf`ftoak a soci joagftdrofcs òrdmtcy fdmtd` tbd

gdtfjacosg a bugfk gdsdkmbygfc stdg

mdccs "bG]Ms/ fk` maksdqudktcy fctdrd` tbdrftd a astdahdkdsos66+ Pbus# cokis jdtwddksoci ojraok pramdssokh# gftdrofc prapdrtods

sumb fs `dhrf`ftoak rftd fk` joacahomfcfmtovoty bfvd jddk dstfjcosbd`# fk` pravo`df saco` jfsos ar utocozokh soci fs f joagdò'

mfc gftdrofc ar gfky fppcomftoaks+Fs f suturd gftdrofc# soci ojdrs frd atdk

maftd` ok wfx ta prdvdkt rfyokh fk` patdk'tofc oggukd rdspaksds+ Fctbauhb soci wfs

tbauhbt ta mfusd fccdrhods ok sagd pftodkts#sujsdqudkt rdsdfrmb bfs sbawk tbft sdromokwfs tbd mfusd a tbd oggukd rdspaksds?+

Pbdrdard# sdromok gust jd rdgavd` ragtbd ojraok ta fssurd joamagpftojocoty+ Pbdokcfggftary rdspaksd ta soci ocgs wfs

dvfcuftd` ok votra wotb bG]Ms ar jy sdd`'okh rft G]Ms ak tbd ocgs fk` ogpcfktokhtbdg ok vova6:+ Pbd ok votra rdspaksd ta soci

ojraok wfs sogocfr ta tbd rdspaksd ta mac'cfhdk fk` tossud mucturd pcfstom maktracs+Ok vova# soci sbawd` f cawdr okcfggftary

rdspaksd wbdk magpfrd` wotb maccfhdk fk`^CF6:+ Pbd okcfggftary patdktofc bfs fcsajddk fssdssd` ok votra wotb gfmrapbfhds

ok wbomb soci wfs sbawk ta bfvd cdvdcs a tugar kdmrasos fmtar'ζ# f mytaiokd okòmf'tovd a fk okcfggftary rdspaksd# sogocfrta tbasd a tossud mucturd pcfstom6=+ Ok f`ò'

toak# soci ojraok bfs jddk usd` ok sdvdrfcok vova stuòds ar jrfok60# sat tossud64# suj'mutfkdaus65 fk` jakd68 fppcomftoaks+

Avdrvodw a tbd pramdùrds

Pbd fppcomftoaks a soci ta f rfkhd a joa'

gftdrofcs# mdcc fk` tossud stuòds bfvd jddkhrawokh ok rdmdkt ydfrs "Pfjcd 6/+ Pbdsdfppcomftoaks okmcu`d aur mftdharods< tossud

dkhokddrokh# òsdfsd ga`dcs# ogpcfktfjcd`dvomds fk` ruh rdcdfsd+ Pbd gdtba`s usd`ta hdkdrftd tbd gftdrofc argfts usd` ok

tbdsd stuòds frd okmcu`d` wotbok tbos pra'tamac+ Ear dfmb a tbd soci gftdrofc argfts#tbd rfw soci rag tbd mamaaks orst gust jdtrdftd` ta rdgavd tbd sdromok+ Pbdsd stdps

frd okmcu`d` ok tbd ‒]oci ojraok dxtrfmtoak‟ pratamac+ Pbd dk` rdsuctos fk fqudaus sacutoak a purd soci ojraok tbft mfk jd usd` ok gfky a tbd pratamacs+ Fctdrkftovdcy# tbd sacutoak mfk jd cyapbocozd` ar

cakh'tdrg starfhd ar usd` ta praùmd gftdrofcs ok arhfkom sacvdkt"6#6#6#=#=#='bdxfcuara':'prapfkac# BEO^/+

Akmd tbd dxtrfmtd` soci ojraok os pramdssd` okta akd a tbd sdvdrfc

argfts dsmrojd` bdrd# tbd okfc stdp os atdk ta okùmd mrystfccokoty+Mrystfccokoty mfk jd okùmd` vof twa gdtba`s# dotbdr jy oggdrsoakok fk fcmabac sumb fs gdtbfkac ar dtbfkac ar jy wftdr fkkdfc'

okh+ Fcmabac oggdrsoak os sogpcd fk` quomi jut o tbd rdsdfrmbdrwfkts ta fvao` tbd usd a fk fcmabac# wftdr fkkdfcokh mfk jd usd`+Xftdr fkkdfcokh os tbd pramdss ok wbomb tbd soci gftdrofcs frd okmu'

jftd` ok f bugo` dkvorakgdkt ar sdvdrfc baurs+ Ear gard dtfocd`

tfJcd 6 | Joagdòmfc fppcomftoaks a soci smfac`s+

foo to y Go g

Possud dkhokddrokh

Jakd BEO^ spakhds06#0=#00

Fqudaus spakhds0=#04#05

Dcdmtraspuk ojdrs=5

Mfrtocfhd BEO^ spakhds08

Fqudaus spakhds02”4>

Dcdmtraspuk ojdrs46

]at tossud BEO^ spakhds4:

Fqudaus spakhds4:

By`rahdcs64

Markdfc ^fttdrkd` soci ocgs=6#4=

Ufsmucfr tossuds Pujds::

Dcdmtraspuk ojdrs40”45

Mdrvomfc tossud Fqudaus spakhds48

]iok Dcdmtraspuk ojdrs42#4?

@osdfsd ga`dcs

Jrdfst mfkmdr BEO^ spakhds5>

Fqudaus spakhds56#5:

Futasagfc agokfkt pacymystom

io`kdy osdfsd

Fqudaus spakhds5=

Ogpcfkt dvomds

Fktdroar mrumoftd cohfgdkt Eojdrs50#54

Edgur ddmts BEO^ spakhds68

Gfkòjucfr ddmts Fqudaus spakhds55#58

@ruh dcovdry

@ruh dcovdry ]pbdrds=0#52”8>

Hrawtb fmtar dcovdry ]pbdrds86

]gfcc gacdmucd ]pbdrds==

Katd< Pbd saurmds ar tbd rdfhdkts fk` dquopgdkt `dsmrojd` ok tbdsd pratamacs frd hovdk akcy fs dxfgpcds+ Dquovfcdkt gftdrofcs mfk jdusd` ukcdss atbdrwosd katd`+



©:>66


pratamac

6560 | UAC+5 KA+6> | :>66 | kfturd pratamacs

okargftoak# wd rddr tbd rdf`dr ta tbd stu`y jy Bu dt fc+62# wbomb

`dsmrojds f systdgftom fkfcysos a mrystfccokd okùmtoak tbrauhbwftdr fkkdfcokh+

]oci ojraok dxtrfmtoak

Pbos pratamac os tbd stfrtokh paokt ok ar`dr ta ajtfok fky a tbdgftdrofc typds costd` dfrcodr‐spakhds# ocgs# ojdrs fk` hdcs+ Aurpratamac os `dsohkd` ta praùmd akd jftmb rag 4 h a soci mamaaks9

bawdvdr# o gard gftdrofc os rdquord`# tbd vacugds mfk jd smfcd`fppraproftdcy "Eoh+ :/+ Akcy mamaaks tbft caai uk`fgfhd` sbauc`jd usd` ok tbd pramdss+ O kdmdssfry# soci mamaaks mfk jd rdpcfmd` wotb

jfvd ojdrs "rfw soci tdxtocd yfrk/ ok ]tdp 4# fk` tbd rdgfok`dr a tbd

pratamac mfk jd usd` wotbaut mbfkhds+Pbd rdsuctokh sacutoak mfk jd mbfrfmtdr'

ozd` jy f vfrodty a tdmbkoquds jut sagd a tbd vfcuds prdsdktd` bdrd wocc vfry dpdkòkhak tbd cdkhtb a tbd jaocokh togd fk` tbd

saurmd a tbd soci+ Ear dxfgpcd# tbd gacdmucfrwdohbt bfs jddk `dtdrgokd` jy hdc dcdmtra'pbardsos fk` hdc pdrgdftoak mbragftahrf'

pby+ Ear sfgpcds tbft bfvd jddk dhuggdàr => gok# tbd gacdmucfr wdohbt bfs fjraf` òstrojutoak mdktdrd` kdfr 6>> i@f+Pbos vfcud mfk okmrdfsd ar sbartdr `dhug'

gokh togds ar dmrdfsd wbdk dhuggd` ar

cakhdr togds6=+ Xrfy fk` ma'waridrs6= bfvd

fcsa dstfjcosbd` f sogpcd gdtba` ta quomicy fk` rdpraùmojcy gdfsurd tbd fgaukt a pratdok `dhrf`ftoak vof cuardsmdkmd spdmtras'

mapy+ Jrodcy# òcutd sfgpcds ">+6$# wt!vac/wdrd dxmotd` ft :2> kg ok f cuardsmdkmdspdmtrapbatagdtdr fk` tbd jfk` ft =>8

kg wfs fssdssd`+ Ear sfgpcds tbft wdrd`dhuggd` ar => gok# tbd dgossoak vfcudwfs >+85+ Pbos vfcud `dmrdfsd` ar sfgpcdstbft wdrd `dhuggd` ar cakhdr togds fk`

vomd vdrsf ar sbartdr jaocokh togds6=+ Okf`òtoak# tbok ocgs a tbd soci sacutoak mfkjd prdpfrd` fk` tbdrgfccy tdstd` ok f odr'

dktofc smfkkokh mfcarogdtdr ta dtdrgokd tbdP

h"682 ¾M/ fk` P

g"6?:”:>= ¾M/6?+

Pbd dxtrfmtoak pramdss tfids 0 `+ O

cyapbocozd` soci os rdquord`# tbdk fk f`ò'toakfc = ` wocc jd kdd`d`+ Fqudaus sacu'toaks mfk fcsa jd makmdktrftd` wotbok fk

f`òtoakfc :0 b+ Fqudaus soci sacutoaksmfk jd stdrocozd` jy f kugjdr a gdtba`s#okmcuòkh stdrocd octrftoak# ν 'orrfòftoak

fk` futamcfvokh+ Gard roharaus pramd'ùrds# sumb fs ν 'orrfòftoak:>#:6 fk` futa'mcfvokh "ukpujcosbd` rdsucts/# bfvd jddk

sbawk ta `dhrf`d tbd gacdmucfr wdohbta tbd soci ojraok# fk` tbdrdard orrfòf'toak àsokh ar stdfg stdrocozftoak togokhsbauc` jd warid` aut ar dfmb systdg+ Ok

sagd mfsds# ot os sogpcdr ta stdrocozd tbdokfc praùmt jdard usd+ Pbd prddrrd`gdtba`s a stdrocozftoak ar dfmb gftdrofc

argft frd katd` wotbok dfmb pratamac+ûrood` soci mfk tbdk jd usd` ar f vfrodty a fppcomftoaks# fssuggfrozd` ok Eohurds =”66+

]oci tujds "]tdp :4# aptoaks F fk` J/

Pbdrd frd twa gdtba`s ar prdpfrokh soci tujds+ O stdrocozd` tujds

frd rdquord`# okmujftd tbd tujds ok f sacutoak a 8>$ "vac!vac/ dtbf'kac avdrkohbt fk` tbdk roksd tbdg ok stdrocd wftdr jdard usd+

@op gdtba`+ Pbd orst pratamac amusds ak f sogpcd op gdtba` tamrdftd tbok'wfccd` tujds "Eoh+ =9 aptoak F/+ Xotb tbos gdtba`# soci tujds wotb vfroaus okkdr ofgdtdrs mfk jd ajtfokd`+ Pbd tbomikdssa tbd tujd wfccs mfk fcsa jd vfrod` jy okmrdfsokh ar dmrdfsokh tbd

Jagjyx garo socimamaaks

]quddzd aut dxmdss wftdr

fk` fccaw ta ry avdrkohbt

Zdgavd soci sacutoak eragmfssdttd

Mdktroeuhd twomd ]tard ft 0 °M

F`` ?+= G CoJr ak tap ae

soci eojdrs fk` okmujftd ft

5> °M ear 0 bF`` soci!CoJr ta ofcysos

mfssdttd

@ofcyzd fhfokst uctrfpurd

wftdr ear 02 b

Mut mamaaks fk` òspasdae warg

Jaoc mamaaks ear => gok ok>+>: G Kf:MA=

Zoksd eojdrs ear :> gok =togds

Eoh : | ]mbdgftom a tbd soci ojraok dxtrfmtoak pramdùrd+ Haokh rag tbd rfw gftdrofc "mamaaks/ ta

tbd okfc fqudaus'jfsd` sacutoak tfids 0 `+

@op gfk`rdc okta

makmdktrftd` soci

sacutoak

@op gfk`rdc okta

gdtbfkac ear 4”6> s

Zdpdft fs kdmdssfry

@ry ear

=> s

@ry tujds avdrkohbt fk`

safi ok safp sacutoak

ta rdgavd

Fccaw soci jdf` ta ruk àwk

tbd gfk`rdc fk` tbdk

jfmi ta tbd top

Eoh = | ]mbdgftom ar gfiokh òppd` soci tujds+





©:>66


pratamac


Mdccs mfk jd f``d` ftdr tbd sakomftoak stdp fk` proar ta tbd hdcf'toak ta pravo`d bagahdkdaus fk` ddmtovd dkmfpsucftoak ok tbd

hdc+ Fs fk dxfgpcd# wd bfvd dkmfpsucftd` mdccs okta sakomftd` hdcsjy futamcfvokh 0$ "wt!vac/ soci fk` sakomftokh 4 gc a ot usokh tbdgdtba`s jdcaw+ ]dpfrftdcy# bugfk gdsdkmbygfc stdg mdccs wdrd

bfrvdstd` fk` jrauhbt up ta f makmdktrftoak a 4> Ø 6>5 mdccs pdrgc+ F vacugd a 4> ć a tbd mdcc suspdksoak wfs f``d` ta tbd sako'mftd` soci fk` tbdk okmujftd` ft =8 ¾M fk` 4$ MA

:ar : b jdard

f`òkh mdcc mucturd gdòug:8+

Dcdmtrom murrdkt+ Pbd gftdrofc praùmd` ok tbos pratamac os fk

f`bdsovd hdc:2+ Pbos hdc os rdvdrsojcd o tbd pacfroty a tbd vactfhd osswotmbd`+ Pbus# o f pasotovd vactfhd os fppcod` ta tbd dcdmtra`d tbftbf` f kdhftovd vactfhd prdvoauscy# tbd hdc wocc jdhok ta arg ak tbd

kdwcy pasotovd dcdmtra`d fk` tbd hdc tbft bf` argd` dfrcodr woccjdhok ta òsfssdgjcd+ Jdmfusd a tbd rdvdrsojcd kfturd a tbos hdc#ot mfk jd usd` ok fppcomftoaks ok wbomb ot os f`vfktfhdaus ta bfvdtukfjcd f`bdsoak+

]oci ocgs "]tdp :4# aptoaks H fk` B/

Eocgs pravo`d f wfy ta smrddk gftdrofcs ar ok votra ar ok vova tdst'

okh# pfttdrk mdccs# dgjd` gacdmucds a oktdrdst fk` tdst dhrf`ftoakfk` rdcdfsd+ Bdrd wd prdsdkt pratamacs ta prdpfrd jatb pfttdrkd`"]tdp :4# aptoak H/ fk` kakpfttdrkd` "]tdp :4# aptoak B/

soci ocgs rag fqudaus sacutoaks "Eoh+ 5/+ Fs tbd pramdssokh oswftdr jfsd`# tbdsd tdmbkoquds adr tbd cdxojocoty ta okmarparftdjoafmtovd gacdmucds=>+ Pa stdrocozd soci ocgs#

tbdy mfk jd okmujftd` ok 8>$ "vac!vac/dtbfkac avdrkohbt fk` tbdk roksd` ok stdrocd^J] ar wftdr+ Eocg tbomikdss fk` garpbac'

ahy mfk jd fssdssd` jy dotbdr gfkufccy gdfsurokh ot wotb f gomragdtdr ar jy vosu'fccy gdfsurokh ot jy ]DG+

Pbd pfttdrkd` soci ocgs hdkdrftd` rag

tbd cfttdr pratamac frd hdkdrfccy 0> ´gtbomi =6+ Pbd pfttdrk `dptb fk` kugjdr a hraavds mfk jd gaòod` jy mbfkhokh tbd

hrftokh usd` ta prdpfrd tbd pacyògdtbyc'socaxfkd "^@G]/ gac`+ Eocg tbomikdss mfkjd maktraccd` jy mbfkhokh tbd makmdktrf'

toak a tbd soci sacutoak# ocutokh ar tbokkdrocgs ar makmdktrftokh ar tbomidr ocgs+ Okf`òtoak# pards mfk jd okùmd` wotbok tbd

soci ocgs jy goxokh vfroaus fgaukts a

^DA okta tbd fqudaus soci sacutoak proar tamfstokh+ Akmd tbd ocgs bfvd jddk rod` fk`wftdr fkkdfcd`# tbd ^DA mfk jd rdgavd`

jy oggdrsoak ok wftdr avdrkohbt+ Ear gardokargftoak# pcdfsd rddr ta Lok dt fc+=:+

]oci gomraspbdrds "]tdp :4# aptoaks O fk L/

Pbd accawokh pratamacs `dsmrojd tbdprdpfrftoak a soci gomra' fk` kfka'spbdrds tbft mfk jd usd` ta dkmfpsucftd

fk` rdcdfsd hrawtb fmtars# sgfcc gac'dmucds ar tbdrfpdutom magpauk`s+ Pbdorst pramdss dsmrojd` usds fk uksfturftd`

ftty fmo` copo` "6#:'òacdayc'sk'hcymdra'='pbaspbambacokd# @A^M/ ta dkmfpsu'

cftd fqudaus'jfsd` soci sacutoaks wotb f gacdmucd a oktdrdst

"]tdp :4# aptoak O/==+ Akmd vdsomcds bfvd jddk hdkdrftd`# tbdcopo` os rdgavd` fk` tbd gomraspbdrds mfk jd rdsuspdk`d` wbdkrdquord` "Eoh+ 8/+ Pbd sdmak` pramdùrd `dsmrojds tbd argftoak

a gomraspbdrds tbrauhb tbd usd a pbfsd sdpfrftoak jdtwddk soci fk` fkatbdr pacygdr "pacyvokyc fcmabac# UF9 ]tdp :4# aptoak L/=0 "Eoh+ 2/+ Pbos sdmak` gdtba` os pfrtomucfrcy usduc jdmfusd a ots

sogpcomoty fk` fvao`fkmd a arhfkom sacvdkts ok tbd pramdss+Pbd orst pratamac os fk dxfgpcd ak baw ta okmarparftd gacdmucds

a oktdrdst okta soci gomraspbdrds usokh @A^M fs fk dgucsoodr ==+

Pbd fvdrfhd pfrtomcd sozd a spbdrds prdpfrd` wotb tbos gdtba` os~: ´g# wbomb mfk jd `dtdrgokd` wotb dotbdr aptomfc gomrasmapy ar ]DG==+ Fs ar `ruh cafòkh# òdrdkt `ruhs wocc oktdrfmt òdr'dktcy wotb tbd soci fk` tbdrdard tbd cafòkh domodkmy wocc òdr

fgakh vfroaus gacdmucds+ Xd suhhdst tbft sgfcc jftmbds jd tdstdòk tbd pramdss jdard smfcokh up+ Zdsuspdk`d` gomraspbdrds mfkfcsa jd goxd` wotb soci sacutoak fk` tbdk jd prdpfrd` okta paraus

smfac`s# by`rahdcs ar ocgs+Pbd sdmak` pratamac# wbomb utocozds ÛF# wocc hdkdrftd soci spbdrds wotb f sozd rfkhd jdtwddk =>> kg fk` :> ´g=0+ Pbd sozd

a tbd spbdrds mfk jd maktraccd` jy mbfkhokh tbd makmdktrftoak a tbd soci ar ÛF sacutoaks ar jy sakomftokh ta tbd sacutoak proar tamfstokh tbd ocg+ Pa mbfrfmtdrozd tbdsd spbdrds# f dw tdmbkoquds

bfvd jddk usd`# okmcuòkh ykfgom cohbt smfttdrokh ta dtdrgokd tbdsozd a tbd kfkagdtdr spbdrds# cfsdr cohbt òrfmtoak ta `dtdrgokdtbd sozd a tbd gomraspbdrds fk` ]DG ta ogfhd tbd garpbacahy+

F`` soci tasujstrftd

K a k p f t t d r k d `

^ f t t d r k d `

@ryavdrkohbt

Xftdr fkkdfc

ear 6 `fy

Zdgavd eocgerag sujstrftd

Eoh 5 | ]mbdgftom ar gfiokh pfttdrkd` fk` kakpfttdrkd` soci ocgs+

@ossacvd copo` okmbcaraearg

@ r y u k ` d r k o t r a h d k

E r d d z d ! t b f w m

y m c d s t b d k c y a p b o c o z d

F`` soci!`ruhsacutoak ta copo`

eocg

Copo` dgucsoeodstbd soci

Zdsuspdk` okgdtbfkac

Zdsuspdk`wbdk kdd`d`

Mdktroeuhd fk`rdgavd copo`suspdk`d` ok

gdtbfkac pbfsd

Xftdr os rdgavd` jutsoci!`ruh gomraspbdrds

rdgfok maftd` okf copo` cfydr

Eoh 8 | ]mbdgftom a soci gomraspbdrd prdpfrftoak usokh @A^M+



©:>66


pratamac

kfturd pratamacs | UAC+5 KA+6> | :>66 | 6568

Makamfc gomrasmapy wfs fcsa usd` ta `dtdrgokd ga`dc `ruh

cafòkh=0+ @ruhs gfy jd dkmfpsucftd` ok tbdsd spbdrds jy f``'okh tbd `ruh ta tbd soci sacutoak proar ta goxokh wotb tbd ÛF+ Okhdkdrfc# wd stfrt wotb cafòkh f gfss rftoa a 6>><6 soci ta `ruh+

@ruh'cafòkh domodkmy os spdmoom ta dfmb mfsd `dpdkòkh akgacdmucfr wdohbt# mbfrhd fk` by`rapbajomoty# fk` tbdrdard ot gustjd dtdrgokd` ar dfmb ruh+

Dcdmtraspuk soci ojdrs "]tdp :4# aptoak I/

Dcdmtraspokkokh os f pramdss jy wbomb sgfcc'òfgdtdr ojdrs wotb

cfrhd surfmd frdfs mfk jd praùmd` "Eoh+ ?9 ]tdp :4# aptoak I/+ Pbddquopgdkt rdquord` os rdcftovdcy sogpcd# jut tbd ojdrs praùmd`frd gumb sgfccdr ok ofgdtdr magpfrd` wotb makvdktoakfccy spuk

ojdrs=4# fk` tbd pramdss adrs tbd fjocoty ta okmarparftd gacdmucdsa oktdrdst=5+ Ok f`òtoak# ojdrs mfk jd fcohkd` dotbdr jy usokh fratftokh gfk`rdc=8 ar jy okùmokh tbd Bfcc Ddmt=2+ Dcdmtraspukgfts mfk jd stdrocozd` jy oggdrsokh tbd gfts ok 8>$ "vac!vac/

dtbfkac avdrkohbt fk` tbdk sujsdqudktcy

roksokh tbdg ok dotbdr stdrocd wftdr ar J]+Pbos pratamac praùmds f kakwavdk osa'

trapom gft a soci ojdrs+ Pbd ojdrs wocc bfvd

òfgdtdrs a cdss tbfk 2>> kg fk` sbauc`fppdfr forcy ukoarg+ ]DG mfk jd usd` tadxfgokd tbd ojdr garpbacahy# òfgdtdr

fk` arodktftoak+

]oci spakhds "]tdp :4# aptoaks C fk` G/

]oci spakhds pravo`d f vdrsftocd =@ paraus

smfacòkh gftdrofc ar sdvdrfc fppcomf'toaks# fs sbawk ok Pfjcd 6+ Bdrd wd pravo`dpratamacs ta arg fqudaus'jfsd`=? "Eoh+ 6>/

ar BEO^'jfsd` smfac`s0> "Eoh+ 66/+ Pbdfqudaus'jfsd` spakhds bfvd dxmdccdkt

oktdrmakkdmtovoty jdtwddk tbd pards fk` bfvd tbd jdkdot a kat

rdquorokh fk arhfkom sacvdkt+ Pbos gfy jd a oktdrdst o f joafmtovdgacdmucd os okmarparftd` okta tbd soci gftrox ùrokh pramdssokh+Pbd BEO^'jfsd` spakhds bfvd sgaatbdr surfmds fcakh tbd pards

fk` bfvd hrdftdr gdmbfkomfc strdkhtb+ Pbrauhb tbos pramdssokhgdtba`# rdokarmokh fhdkts mfk jd f``d` ta tbd soci gftrox ta ur'tbdr okmrdfsd ots gdmbfkomfc prapdrtods06+ Ok f`òtoak# ot bfs jddk

sbawk tbft fqudaus'jfsd` spakhds dhrf`d fstdr tbfk BEO^'jfsd`spakhds66# wbomb dkfjcds tbd usdr ta tfocar tbdsd smfac`s ta praldmtspdmoomftoaks+ Jatb a tbdsd spakhd typds gfy jd stdrocozd` jy dotbdr

oggdrsokh tbdg ok 8>$ "vac!vac/ dtbfkac avdrkohbt ar jy futamcfv'okh+ Pbd orst pratamac wocc praùmd fqudaus'jfsd` soci spakhdstbft frd 64 gg ok òfgdtdr fk` 6> gg ok bdohbt# fk` tbd sdmak`pratamac wocc praùmd ft cdfst kokd smfac`s tbft frd ~6: gg ok

jatb bdohbt fk` òfgdtdr+ ]DG mfk jd usd` ta mbfrfmtdrozd tbdgarpbacahy fk` pard strumturd a tbdsd gftdrofcs+ arasoty mfk jd`dtdrgokd` vof coquo` ospcfmdgdkt0>+

F`` fqudaus socisacutoak ta UF

]oci fk` UF pbfsdsdpfrftd

"sakomftoak aptoakfc/

@ry soci!ÛF eocg @ossacvdsoci!ÛF eocg

Mdktroeuhd fk`rdgavd UF

Zdsuspdk`wbdk kdmdssfry

Eoh 2 | ]mbdgftom a soci gomraspbdrd prdpfrftoak usokh ÛF+

GftdrOfcsZDFHDKP]

Dxtrfmtoak]oci mamaaks "Pflogf ]balo ar dquovfcdkt/]aòug mfrjakftd "]ohgf'Fc`romb# mft+ ka+ 046560#bttp<!!www+sohgffc`romb+mag!/Tctrfpurd wftdrCotboug jrago`d "CoJr# ]ohgf'Fc`romb# mft+ ka+ :6=::4#bttp<!!www+sohgffc`romb+mag!/

Makmdktrftokh soci ejraok

Eojraok sacutoak "8”2$# wt!vac/9 ^ZAMD@TZD ]tdp ::/

^DH "6>#>>> GX# ]ohgf'Fc`romb# mft+ ka+ ^5558#bttp<!!www+sohgffc`romb+mag!/Tctrfpurd wftdr

]oci tujds fk` hdc'spuk tujds

Makmdktrftd` soci jraok "^ZAMD@TZD ]tdp :0J/Gdtbfkac "Fmras Arhfkoms# mft+ ka+ 68520>>6>#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/@osb safp

Uartdxd` hdcs fk` sakomftd` hdcs

Fqudaus soci sacutoak# 2$ "wt!vac/Tctrfpurd wftdr

Dcdmtrahdcftd` hdcsFqudaus soci sacutoak# 2$ "wt!vac/pB hdcsFqudaus soci sacutoak# 2$ "wt!vac/

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By`rambcarom fmo` ">+= G BMc# ]ohgf'Fc`romb# mft+ ka+ B6842#bttp<!!www+sohgffc`romb+mag!/

]oci ecgs

Fqudaus soci sacutoak# 2$ "wt!vac/

^fttdrkd` soci ecgs

Fqudaus soci sacutoak# 2$ "wt!vac/âcyògdtbycsocaxfkd "^@G]9 ]ychfr` 620# Dccswartb F`bdsovds#mft+ ka+ 620# ]OC DCF]P IOP >+4IH# bttp<!!www+dccswartb+mag!/

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Gox soci

wotb ^DA

@rfw sacutoak

okta f syrokhd

Fppcy f pasotovd vactfhd ta

tbd syrokhd ta okotoftd f ldt

]afi eojdrs ok gdtbfkac eorst fk`

tbdk wftdr ta rdgavd tbd DA

Pbd rdsuctokh eojdrs wocc jd

uk`dr 2>> kg ok òfgdtdr

)

Eoh ? | Gdtba` ta prdpfrd dcdmtraspuk soci ojdrs+



©:>66


pratamac


]oci gomraspbdrds usokh @A^M

Fqudaus soci sacutoak# 2$ "wt!vac/6#:'@oacdayc'sk'hcymdra'='pbaspbambacokd "@A^M9 Fvfkto âcfr Copo`s#mft+ ka+ 24>=84^# bttp<!!www+fvfktocopo`s+mag!/Mbcaraarg "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ M:?2'6# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Gdtbfkac "]ohgf'Fc`romb# mft+ ka+ Z02:2>>>'0M#bttp<!!www+sohgffc`romb+mag!/

Kotrahdk hfs@ruh# sgfcc gacdmucd ar pratdok a oktdrdstTctrfpurd wftdr

Gomraspbdrds "ÛF/

Fqudaus soci sacutoak# 2$ "wt!vac/ÛF "GX =>”8> i@f9 ]ohgf# mft+ ka+ ^26=5# bttp<!!www+sohgffc`romb+mag!/Tctrfpurd wftdr

Dcdmtraspokkokh

Fqudaus soci sacutoak# 2$ "wt!vac/âcydtbycdkd axo`d "^DA# ?>> i@f9 ]ohgf'Fc`romb# mft+ ka+ 62?045#bttp<!!www+sohgffc`romb+mag!/Tctrfpurd wftdrGdtbfkac "Fmras Arhfkoms# mft+ ka+ 68520>>6># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

]oci spakhds

Fqudaus soci sacutoak# 5”2$ "wt!vac/

]fct "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ J^=42'6#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Tctrfpurd wftdr

BEO^'jfsd` spakhds

Cyapbocozd` soci jraok6#6#6#=#=#='bdxfeuara':'prapfkac "BEO^9]ohgf'Fc`romb# mft+ ka+ 6>4::2'6>>H#bttp<!!www+sohgffc`romb+mag!/KfMc "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ J^=42'6#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Tctrfpurd wftdrGdtbfkac "Fmras Arhfkoms# mft+ ka+ 68520>>6>#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

DVTO^GDKP

Dxtrfmtoak

Potfkoug smossars "]tfpcds# mft+ ka+ 028?>4#

bttp<!!www+stfpcds+mag!/]gfcc stor jfr "Eosbdr ]modktom#mft+ ka+ 60'46='5:# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Cfrhd stor jfr "Eosbdr ]modktom#mft+ ka+ 60'46='45# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]pftucf "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 60'=8=':4F#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Hcfss jdfidr "4> gc9 Iogjcd Mbfsd Iogjcd#mft+ ka+ 60>>> 4># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Hcfss jdfidr "6 cotdr9 Iogjcd Mbfsd Iogjcd#mft+ ka+ 60>>> 6>>># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Hcfss jdfidr ": cotdrs9 Iogjcd Mbfsd Iogjcd#mft+ ka+ 60>>> :>>># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/^cfstom jdfidr ": cotdrs9 Eosbdr ]modktom#mft+ ka+ >:'4?6'==# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

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Fcugokug aocBat pcftd "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 66'6>>'6>>B# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Cfrhd wdohb jaft "Eosbdr ]modktom#mft+ ka+ >2'8=:'664# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Gdòug wdohb jaft "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+>2'8=:'66=# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]gfcc wdohb jaft "Eosbdr ]modktom#mft+ ka+ >2'8=:'66:# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

Fkfcytomfc jfcfkmd "F%@ Xdohbokh# ga`dcAroak BZ':>># bttp<!!www+fgdromfkwdohb+mag!/Bat bfk` pratdmtars "Jdc'Frt ^raùmts#mft+ ka+ =2>>>>>>># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Hrfùftd` mycok`dr "4> gc9 Eosbdr ]modktom#mft+ ka+ >2'448M# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]co`d'F'Cyzdr òfcysos mfssdttd =4>> GXMA#=”6: gc mfpfmoty "Pbdrga ]modktom#mft+ ka+ 5566># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

@ofcysos mfssdttd juay "Pbdrga ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 550=:# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]yrokhd ":> gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =>?556# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Kdd`cds "62H9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =>46?4# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Makomfc tujds "4> gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ 60'0=:'::# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Mdktrouhd "Dppdkàr 42>0Z# mft+ ka+ >::5:=4>6# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Eoxd`'fkhcd ratar "Dppdkàr# mft+ ka+ >::5=8:>8# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

Cyapbocozdr "aptoakfc< usd akcy o cyapbocozd` soci os rdquord`# Cfjmakma#mft+ ka+ 8846>=># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Erddzdr " √ 2> ¾M9 aptoakfc< usd akcy o cyapbocozd` soci os rdquord`# Pbdrga]modktom# mft+ ka+ TCP:425'?]O'F# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Iogwopds "Iogjdrcy'Mcfri# mft+ ka+ =0:45# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

Makmdktrftokh soci ejraok

]yrokhd "6> gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =>?5>0# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]yrokhd "= gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =>?424# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Kdd`cds "62H9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =>46?4# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]co`d'F'Cyzdr òfcysos mfssdttd ">+4”=+> gc9 Pbdrga ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 55==>#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Jdfidr "6>> gc9 Iogjcd Mbfsd Iogjcd# mft+ ka+ 60>>> 6>>#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Jdfidr "6 cotdr9 Iogjcd Mbfsd Iogjcd# mft+ ka+ 60>>> 6>>>#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

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F`` fqudaus

soci sacutoak ta

tbd hcfss vofc

âur sfct avdr

tbd soci+ Zatftd ta

dvdkcy ostrojutd sfct

Fccaw

soci ta hdc

Zdgavd sfct ]tard ar mut

smfeeac` ear usd

Eoh 6> | ]mbdgftom ar gfiokh fqudaus'jfsd` soci spakhds+

@ossacvd soci okBEO^

F`` soci!BEO^sacutoak avdr sfct

Akmd soci pdkdtrftds tatbd jattag ae tbd vofc#

fccaw BEO^ ta dvfparftd

F`` gdtbfkac taokùmd κ'sbddts

Zdgavd gdtbfkac

Zdgavd sfct ]mfeeac` os rdf`y

Eoh 66 | Gdtba` ar prdpfrokh BEO^'jfsd` soci spakhds+



©:>66


pratamac

kfturd pratamacs | UAC+5 KA+6> | :>66 | 656?

Cfrhd stor jfr "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 60'46='45# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]gfcc òfcysos mfssdttd juay "Pbdrga ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 550=>#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Fcugokug aocGomramdktrouhd tujds ": gc mfpfmoty# Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >4'0>2'6=2#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

]oci tujds

]tfokcdss stddc word mut ta ='okmb cdkhtbs9 hfuhd wocc dpdk` ak rdquordòkkdr òfgdtdr "d+h+# >+4 gg# GmGfstdr'Mfrr# mft+ ka+ 2?>2I:6#

bttp<!!www+gmgfstdr+mag!/Edftbdr smfcpdc "DG]# mft+ ka+ 8:>0:':># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Makomfc tujd "64 gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =4:>?5# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Pwddzdrs "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >2'22># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]tyraafg

Hdc'spuk tujdsGfk`rdc ratftoak systdg# mustag gf`d ta ratftd fk` trfksvdrsd:=

Cudr'Cai syrokhd "6 gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =>?5:2# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Jcukt'top kdd`cd "60 hfuhd9 GmGfstdr'Mfrr# mft+ ka+ 84654F58:#bttp<!!www+gmgfstdr+mag!/Jcukt'top kdd`cd "=> hfuhd9 GmGfstdr'Mfrr# mft+ ka+ 84654F=6#bttp<!!www+gmgfstdr+mag!/Jcukt'top kdd`cd ":8 hfuhd9 GmGfstdr'Mfrr# mft+ ka+ 84654F522#bttp<!!www+gmgfstdr+mag!/]tfokcdss stddc word9 hfuhd wocc `dpdk` ak rdquord` okkdr òfgdtdr"d+h+# >+4 gg# GmGfstdr'Mfrr# mft+ ka+ 2?>2I:6# bttp<!!www+gmgfstdr+mag!/

Iogwopds "Iogjdrcy'Mcfri# mft+ ka+ =0:45# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Uartdxd` hdcs

Uartdxdr "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >:':64'=54# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]yrokhd "6 gc9 For Potd ^raùmts# mft+ ka+ F6# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Hcfss vofcs "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >='==?':5F# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/@umt tfpd "=G# mft+ ka+ =?=?# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

]akomftd` hdcsTctrfsakomftar "Jrfksak 04># mft+ ka+ 6>6'6=4'>::# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Dxtdrkfccy Pbrdf`d` @osruptar Bark "6!:'okmb# Jrfksak# mft+ ka+ 6>6'608'>=8#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Pfpdrd` Gomratop "6!2'okmb òfgdtdr# Jrfksak# mft+ ka+ 6>6'602'>5:#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Makomfc tujds "64 gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =4:>?5# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

Dcdmtrahdcftd` hdcs

@M âwdr suppcy "Fhocdkt D=5=0F# bttp<!!www+fhocdkt+mag!/

^cftokug words ">+>=: ok òfgdtdr# 6 aat9 ]urdpurd Mbdgdtfcs#mft+ ka+ 6?28# bttp<!!www+surdpurd+mag!/Makomfc tujds "4> gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ 60'0=:'::# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

pB hdcsHcfss vofcs "6+2 gc9 Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >='==?':5F#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

]oci Eocgs

^dtro òsb# kak”tossud mucturd trdftd` "6>> gg9 Eosbdr ]modktom#mft+ ka+ >2'848'6:# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Pwddzdrs "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >2'22># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Ufmuug `dsommftar "Jdc'Frt ^raùmts# mft+ ka+ 0:>:>>>>>#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

^fttdrkd` soci ecgs

@orfmtoak hrftokh< sozd# kugjdr a hraavds fk` dptb a hraavds mfkmbfkhd `dpdkòkh ak rdquordgdkts9 fk dxfgpcd os sbawk bdrd "D`gukÀptoms# 5>> hraavds gg √ 6# 6#>>> kg rucd` òrfmtoak hrftokh# 4> Ø 4> gg#

mft+ ka+ KP0=':>2# bttp<!!www+d`gukàptoms+mag!/Ufmuug avdk "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 6=':5:':2>F# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Pwddzdrs "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >2'22># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Iogwopds "Iogjdrcy'Mcfri# mft+ ka+ =0:45# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/^fpdr mup "camfc hramdry/ôpdttd "4 gc9 J@ Ufmutfokdr Cfjwfrd Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =4840=#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Fcugokug aocDtbfkac "8>$# vac!vac/9 Zommf Mbdgomfc# mft+ ka+ :4058>6#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Kdd`cd "hfuhd ukogpartfkt9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =>46?4 "62H/#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

]oci gomraspbdrds usokh @A^M

Zauk`'jattagd` hcfss tujds "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 60'?56':?#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

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Gomramdktrouhd tujd "6+4 gc9 Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >40'>2'6:?#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Gomramdktrouhd tujd ":+> gc9 Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >:'526':42#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Makomfc tujds "64 gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =4:>?5# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Makomfc tujds "4> gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ 60'0=:'::# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Jdfidr "6>> gc9 Iogjcd Mbfsd Iogjcd# mft+ ka+ 60>>> 6>>#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]gfcc stor jfr "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 60'46='5:# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

Erddzdr " √ 2> ¾M9 Pbdrga ]modktom# mft+ ka+ TCP:425'?]O'F#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Cyapbocozdr "Cfjmakma# mft+ ka+ 8846>=># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Gomramdktrouhd "Dppdkàr 4068Z# mft+ ka+ >::5:68>>#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

Gomraspbdrds "ÛF/

]gfcc wdohb jaft "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >2'8=:'66:# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]pftucf "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 60'=8=':4F# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Hcfss jdfidr "4> gc9 Iogjcd Mbfsd Iogjcd# mft+ ka+ 60>>> 4>#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Hrfùftd` mycok`dr "6> gc9 Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >2'448F#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]gfcc stor jfr "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 60'46='5:# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Bat pcftd "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 66'6>>'6>>B# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]yrokhd ctdr ukot "pard sozd >+04 ´g9 Goccopard# mft+ ka+ ]CBF>==]]#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

]yrokhd "4 gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =>?5>=# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Makomfc tujd "64 gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =4:>?5# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Makomfc tujds "4> gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ 60'0=:'::# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/^dtro òsb# kak”tossud mucturd trdftd` "6>> gg9 Eosbdr ]modktom#mft+ ka+ >2'848'6:# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/^frfcg "^dmbokdy cfstom ^fmifhokh# mft+ ka+ G??5# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Pwddzdrs "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >2'22># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Tctrfsakomftar "Jrfksak 04># mft+ ka+ 6>6'6=4'>::# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Dxtdrkfccy Pbrdf`d` @osruptar Bark "6!:'okmb# Jrfksak#mft+ ka+ 6>6'608'>=8# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Pfpdrd` Gomratop "6!2'okmb òfgdtdr# Jrfksak# mft+ ka+ 6>6'602'>5:#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Zdmopramftokh sbfidr "GfxV# Pbdrga ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 66'584'64:#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

Dcdmtraspokkokh

Hcfss smoktoccftoak vofcs ":> gc9 Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >='==8'64#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]gfcc stor jfr "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 60'46='5:# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Bat pcftd "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 66'6>>'6>>B# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]yrokhd "6> gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ =>?5>0# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Jcukt'top kdd`cd "65 hfuhd# GmGfstdr'Mfrr# mft+ ka+ 84654F44:#bttp<!!www+gmgfstdr+mag!/]yrokhd pugp "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 60'2=6':>># bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Bohb vactfhd suppcy "Hcfssgfk ]drods DB# mft+ ka+ DB=>^=#bttp<!!www+hcfssgfkbv+mag!/Kakstomi fcugokug aoc "Zdykac`s Xrfp/Zdmopramftokh sbfidr "GfxV# Pbdrga ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 66'584'64:#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

Oksucftd` dcdmtromfc wordFccohftar mcops "GmGfstdr'Mfrr# mft+ ka+ 8:=5I:4:# bttp<!!www+gmgfstdr+mag!/

]oci ]pakhds

]odvds "Eosbdr ]modktom# vfroaus pard sozds# d+h+# 6 gg# mft+ ka+ >0'220'6FL924> ´g# >0'220'6FI9 5>> ´g# >0'220'6FG9 4>> ´g# >0'220'6FK9bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]odvd mavdr "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >0'222J# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]gfcc wdohb jaft "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >2'8=:'66:# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Fkfcytomfc jfcfkmd "F%@ Xdohbokh# ga`dc Aroak BZ':>>#bttp<!!www+fgdromfkwdohb+mag!/Mycok`romfc gac`s "4 gc9 Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >='==2'6D#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]yrokhd "4 gc9 For Potd ^raùmts# mft+ ka+ F4# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/^cfstom jdfidr ": cotdrs9 Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >:'4?6'==#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Cfrhd stor jfr "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 60'46='45# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Bat pcftd "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 66'6>>'6>>B# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Makomfc tujds "4> gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ 60'0=:'::# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

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©:>66


pratamac

65:> | UAC+5 KA+6> | :>66 | kfturd pratamacs

BEO^'jfsd` spakhds]odvds "Eosbdr ]modktom# vfroaus pard sozds# d+h+# 6 gg# mft+ ka+ >0'220'6FL924> ´g# mft+ ka+ >0'220'6FI9 5>> ´g# mft+ ka+ >0'220'6FG9 4>> ´g#mft+ ka+ >0'220'6FK9 bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]odvd mavdr "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >0'222J# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]gfcc wdohb jaft "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >2'8=:'66:#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Fkfcytomfc jfcfkmd "F%@ Xdohbokh# ga`dc Aroak BZ':>>#bttp<!!www+fgdromfkwdohb+mag!/

Hcfss smoktoccftoak vofcs ":> gc9 Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >='==8'64#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

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Hcfss vofcs "6+2 gc9 Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >='==?':5F#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/^frfcg "^dmbokdy ^cfstom ^fmifhokh# mft+ ka+ ^G??5#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/]yrokhd "4 gc9 For Potd ^raùmts# mft+ ka+ F4# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/^cfstom jdfidr ": cotdrs9 Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ >:'4?6'==#bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Cfrhd stor jfr "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 60'46='45# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/Bat pcftd "Eosbdr ]modktom# mft+ ka+ 66'6>>'6>>B# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

Eugd baa`Makomfc tujds "4> gc9 J@ Gdòmfc# mft+ ka+ 60'0=:'::# bttp<!!www+sbdrsmo+mag!/

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pramd@urdEojo xo ◁ tOGOkH :+4 b ov# vohb `yoh "`y 6/6| ^rdpfrd f :'cotdr hcfss jdfidr ccd` wotb : cotdrs a uctrfpurd wftdr# mavdr ot wotb fcugokug aoc fk` bdft uktoc jaocokh+

& mfutOak @a kat cdfvd tbd jdfidr ukfttdk`d` wbocd bdftokh fk` jaocokh+ Jdmfusd a bohb tdgpdrfturds# pcfstom jdfidrssbauc` kat jd usd`+

:| Gdfkwbocd# mut mamaaks wotb totfkoug smossars okta ògd'sozd` podmds fk` òspasd a sociwargs+ Gdfsurd aut 4 h a mamaak podmds okta f cfrhd wdohb jaft+

=| Gdfsurd 0+:0 h a saòug mfrjakftd ok f gdòug wdohb jaft+

0| F`` tbd gdfsurd` saòug mfrjakftd ta tbd wftdr fk` cdt ot magpcdtdcy òssacvd "ta prdpfrd f >+>: G sacutoak a Kf:]A

=/+

& mfutOak O wftdr os jaocokh# f`` saòug mfrjakftd scawcy ta fvao` jaocokh avdr+

4| F`` tbd mamaak podmds akmd tbd wftdr stfrts ta jaoc fk` maktokud jaocokh ar => gok+ Ammfsoakfccy# stor wotb f spftucf tapragatd haa` òspdrsoak a jraok+ mrOtOmfc stdp Pa okmrdfsd rdpra umojocoty# jaoc ar dxfmtcy => gok dvdry togd+ O jaocokh ar cakhdr ar sbartdr togds#okòmftd tbos ak tbd jftmb cfjdc+ Okmrdfsokh tbd jaocokh togd wocc `dhrf`d tbd jraok+

5| Zdgavd tbd soci jraok wotb f spftucf fk` maac ot jy roksokh ok uctrfpurd mac` wftdr+ ]quddzd dxmdss wftdr aut a tbd

soci+ @osmfr` tbd saòug mfrjakftd sacutoak ok tbd soki+& mfutOak ]oci jraok fk` sacutoak wocc jd bat9 usd bfk` pratdmtars+

8| ^cfmd jraok ok f 6'cotdr jdfidr ccd` wotb 6 cotdr a uctrfpurd wftdr fk` f stor jfr+& mfutOak O yau frd usokh f pcfstom jdfidr# dksurd tbft tbd bat pcftd bfs maacd`+

2| Zoksd tbd jraok ok wftdr ar :> gok wbocd hdktcy storrokh ak f stor pcftd+

?| Zdpdft ]tdps 8 fk` 2 twomd ar f tatfc a tbrdd roksds+

6>| Ftdr tbd tbor` wfsb# rdgavd tbd soci# squddzd ot wdcc fk` tbdk sprdf` ot aut ak f mcdfk podmd a fcugokug aoc+

66| Fccaw tbd soci jraok ta `ry ok f ugd baa` avdrkohbt+

pfusd paOkt @dhuggd` soci ojraok# ok wbomb tbd sdromok bfs jddk rdgavd`# mfk jd stard` ok`dokotdcy ft raagtdgpdrfturd+ Ear cakh'tdrg starfhd# pcfmd ot ok f mcdfk pcfstom jfh ar wrfp ot ok fcugokug aoc+ Jd surd ta okòmftd tbd cdkhtba tbd jaocokh stdp ak tbd cfjdc+

@ov oi ojo o coJ ◁ tOGOkH 0+4 b "`y :/6:| Mfcmucftd tbd fgaukt a ?+= G cotboug jrago`d kdd`d` ta prdpfrd f :>$ "wt!vac/ sacutoak jfsd` ak tbd fgaukt a `rod`

jraok fvfocfjcd+ Fs :>$ a tbd sacutoak wocc jd soci# 2>$ wocc jd CoJr+ Pbft os# f rftoa a 6<0 "6 h ta 0 gc/ soci ta CoJr+ Pbdrd'ard# guctopcy tbd fgaukt a tbd `rod` soci jraok jy 0 ta ajtfok tbd tatfc vacugd a ?+= G CoJr kdd`d` " R /+

6=| ^rdpfrd f ?+= G CoJr sacutoak+

25 24 ? =6

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©:>66


pratamac

kfturd pratamacs | UAC+5 KA+6> | :>66 | 65:6

& mfutOak F`òkh CoJr ta wftdr rdsucts ok fk dxatbdrgom rdfmtoak9 jd gokùc a tbd bdft hdkdrftd`+ Xbdk prdpfrokh cfrhdvacugds# wd rdmaggdk` mfrryokh tbos aut ak omd+

mrOtOmfc stdp CoJr bfs f caw `dksoty fk` ots vacugd sbauc` jd tfidk okta fmmaukt wbocd prdpfrokh tbd sacutoak+ Xdsuhhdst f`òkh akcy 5>$ a tbd mfcmucftd` vacugd a wftdr fk` tbdk jrokhokh tbd sacutoak up ta tbd kfc vacugd+ ]tor wotb f

sgfcc stor jfr+

60| ^fmi soci jraok tohbtcy okta f 4>'gc hcfss jdfidr fk` f`` tbd rdquord` fgaukt a CoJr sacutoak ak tap+ mrOtOmfc stdp Pbd CoJr gust jd f``d` ta tbd soci rftbdr tbfk f`òkh soci ta tbd CoJr sa tbft tbd soci wocc dvdktufccy jdmavdrd` fk` òssacvd` jy tbd CoJr+ Ot os fcsa bdcpuc ta usd tbd sgfccdst hcfss maktfokdr tbft wocc stocc bac` tbd soci fk` CoJrsacutoak+

64| Cdt jraok òssacvd ok fk avdk ft 5> ¾M ar 0 b+ Akmd tbd soci jraok os magpcdtdcy òssacvd`# ot wocc fppdfr fgjdr okmacar fk` wocc jd trfkspfrdkt+ Jcfmi jots rag tbd sociwarg gfy jd vosojcd jut wocc jd rdgavd` cftdr+ Pbos sacutoak wocc jd

bohbcy vosmaus jut sbauc` kat maktfok fky oktfmt jdrs# fs `dtdrgokd` jy vosufc fssdssgdkt+1 trauJcdsBaatOkH

@oyo ` oho ◁ tOGOkH 0? b "`y :”0/65| By`rftd òfcysos mfssdttds ok wftdr ar f dw gokutds+

68| Xotb f :>'gc syrokhd fk` fk 62'hfuhd kdd`cd# oksdrt 6: gc a tbd soci'CoJr sacutoak okta f =”6:'gc òfcysos mfssdttd+

mrOtOmfc stdp Jd mfrduc kat ta pukmturd ar taumb tbd òfcysos gdgjrfkd+ Pbd sacutoak wocc jd vdry vosmaus# fk` tbosstdp wocc jd dfsodr o tbd sacutoak os idpt wfrg jdard f`òkh ta tbd mfssdttd+ Ot os ogpartfkt ta fvao` sbdfrokh tbd sacu'

toak wbdkdvdr passojcd ta fvao` tbd okùmtoak a κ'sbddt wotbok tbd soci+ Pbdrdard# akcy usd tbd kdd`cd wbdk okldmtokh oktatbd mfssdttd+ Gardavdr# bfvd fk f`òtoakfc kdd`cd fk` oksdrt ot okta fkatbdr tap part a tbd mfssdttd ta fccaw for ta dsmfpd+Zdgavd tbd dxtrf kdd`cd akmd fcc tbd for bfs jddk purhd`+

62| @ofcyzd fhfokst 6 cotdr a uctrfpurd wftdr pdr 6: gc mfssdttd+ Pa dksurd goxokh# usd f cfrhd stor jfr fk` pcfmd ak f gfh'kdtom stor pcftd+ Mbfkhd tbd wftdr ftdr 6 b# 0 b# tbft dvdkokh# tbd kdxt garkokh fk` kohbt# fs wdcc fs ok tbd garkokh ak tbdaccawokh `fy "o+d+# sox mbfkhds wotbok 02 b/+

6?| Zdgavd soci rag tbd mfssdttds wotb fkatbdr :>'gc syrokhd fk` fk 62'hfuhd kdd`cd+ ^cfmd soci ok f 4>'gc makomfc tujd+ @dpdk`'okh ak tbd vacugd# dotbdr spcot ot jdtwddk twa tujds "o gard tbfk 0> gc/ ar cc akd tujd fk` usd f mauktdrjfcfkmd a wftdr+

:>| Mdktrouhd ta rdgavd ogpurotods+ ^cfmd ok f mdktrouhd fk` spok ft ?#>>> r+p+g+ "~6:#8>> h / ft 0 ¾M ar :> gok+

:6| Mfrduccy rdgavd tujds rag tbd mdktrouhd fk` dotbdr paur ar trfksdr tbd soci sacutoak wotb f :4 gc popdttd okta fkatbdrmdktrouhd tujd+ Jd surd ta cdfvd fky wbotd eammucdkt ar jrawk gfttdr jdbok`+

::| Zdpdft ]tdps :> fk` :6 fhfok+

:=| Pa `dtdrgokd tbd makmdktrftoak a tbd soci ok sacutoak# gdfsurd tbd wdohbt a f sgfcc wdohb jaft+ Pbdrdftdr# f`` >+4 gc a tbd soci sacutoak ta tbd jaft fk` fccaw ot ta `ry ft 5> ¾M+ Akmd tbd soci os `ry# `dtdrgokd tbd wdohbt a tbd soci fk` òvo`dot jy >+4 gc+ Pbos wocc yodc` tbd wdohbt pdr vacugd pdrmdktfhd+

mrOtOmfc stdp F jftmb a 4 h a soci mamaaks hdkdrfccy yodc`s :4 gc a 8”2$ "wt!vac/ soci sacutoak+ Pbd sacutoak wocc jdtoktd` ydccaw jut sbauc` jd rdcftovdcy mcdfr fk` scohbtcy gard vosmaus tbfk wftdr+ O tbdrd frd ogpurotods sumb fs wbotd eam'mucdkts ar `fri pfrtomucftds# ot os jdst ta rdmdktrouhd ta rdgavd tbdg+

pfusd paOkt Pbd soci sacutoak mfk jd stard` ft 0 ¾M ar ft cdfst f gaktb+ @dpdkòkh ak tbd puroty# stard` soci wocc dvdktufccy hdc jut hdcftoak togds wocc vfry+ Akmd tbd soci bfs hdccd`# ot mfkkat jd usd` ar pratamacs tbft rdquord sacutoak fk`tbdrdard fkatbdr jftmb wocc kdd` ta jd dxtrfmtd`+

cyboozo ` o:0| Pbd jraok sacutoak ":4 gc ft makmdktrftoak 8”2$ "wt!vac// mfk dotbdr jd usd` fs os ar ot mfk jd cyapbocozd` "aptoak F/ar makmdktrftd` "aptoak J/+ Ear starfhd ar cakhdr tbfk 6 gaktb# tbd soci sacutoak sbauc` jd cyapbocozd`+ Ok tbos arg#tbd soci wocc jd stfjcd ar ydfrs ft raag tdgpdrfturd fk` mfk jd rdmakstotutd` ok BEO^+ Pbd makmdktrftd` sacutoak ":>”=>$#wt!vac/ mfk jd usd` òrdmtcy ar prdpfrokh soci tujds+



©:>66


pratamac

65:: | UAC+5 KA+6> | :>66 | kfturd pratamacs

"f/ cyboozo "o/ ◁ tOGOkH = `"o/ @ovo`d tbd fqudaus soci sacutoak okta 4>'gc makomfc tujds wotb ka gard tbfk :> gc pdr tujd+"oo/ ^cfmd vdrtomfccy ok f √ 2> ¾M rddzdr ar sdvdrfc baurs uktoc tbd sacutoak os magpcdtdcy razdk+ O f √ 2> ¾M rddzdr os kat

fvfocfjcd# soci mfk fcsa jd razdk ft √ :> ¾M avdrkohbt ar pcfmd` ok coquo` kotrahdk uktoc tbd sacutoak os razdk+"ooo/ Eac` f Iogwopd avdr tbd tap a tbd tujd fk` fttfmb wotb dotbdr f rujjdr jfk` ar tfpd+ Iddp mfps ar cftdr usd+

"ov/ ^cfmd razdk sfgpcds ak f cyapbocozdr ar :”= ` uktoc fcc a tbd wftdr os rdgavd` rag tbd sacutoak+ Pbd tujd wocc kacakhdr ddc mac`+

"v/ Zdgavd rag cyapbocozdr# mfp fk` stard ft raag tdgpdrfturd ":>”:4 ¾M/+ pfusd paOkt Pbd cyapbocozd` gftdrofc mfk jd stard` ft raag tdgpdrfturd ok`dkotdcy+

"J/ moh oi ojo "o/ ◁ tOGOkH :6”:4 b"o/ F`` 6>> h a ^DH ta ?>> gc a uctrfpurd wftdr ta prdpfrd f 6>$ "wt!vac/ ^DH sacutoak+ Gox wotb f cfrhd stor jfr ak f

gfhkdtom stor pcftd+ Pbd sacutoak sbauc` jd mcdfr akmd tbd ^DH os magpcdtdcy òssacvd`+ Xbocd wfotokh ar tbd ^DH taòssacvd# gavd ta ]tdp :0J"oo/+

"oo/ By`rftd òfcysos mfssdttd ok f 6>>'gc jdfidr ccd` wotb uctrfpurd wftdr ar f dw gokutds+

"ooo/ Zdgavd tbd mfssdttd rag tbd wftdr fk` tfp tbd jattag a tbd mfssdttd ak f pfpdr tawdc ta `ry+ Jd surd ta bac` tbdmfssdttd ft tbd d`hds fk` à kat taumb tbd gdgjrfkd+

"ov/ @rfw aut 6> gc a 8”2$ "wt!vac/ soci sacutoak wotb tbd 6>'gc syrokhd wotbaut f kdd`cd+"v/ Fttfmb tbd 62'hfuhd kdd`cd ta tbd syrokhd ccd` wotb jraok sacutoak+"vo/ Oksdrt tbd top a tbd kdd`cd okta f tap part a tbd mfssdttd+

mrOtOmfc stdp Jd mfrduc ta oksdrt lust tbd top a tbd kdd`cd ta fvao` pukmturokh tbd gdgjrfkd+"voo/ ]cawcy oksdrt tbd jraok sacutoak okta tbd mfssdttd+

mrOtOmfc stdp Fvao` bohb sbdfr tbft gfy fccaw prdgfturd fcohkgdkt a tbd κ'sbddts ok tbd soci jraok+"vooo/ Fs tbd mfssdttd jdmagds okeftd`# purhd dxmdss for jy oksdrtokh fkatbdr 62'hfuhd kdd`cd okta tbd atbdr tap part ta

fccaw tbd for ta dsmfpd+"ox/ Ftdr for os rdgavd`# wotb`rfw tbd dxtrf kdd`cd rag tbd mfssdttd+"x/ Eokosb ccokh tbd mfssdttd wotb tbd rdgfokokh jraok sacutoak+ Fctbauhb tbd mfssdttd okòmftds f gfxogug vacugd a

=+> gc# 6> gc mfk jd oksdrtd`+ @urokh tbd makmdktrftoak pramdss tbos vacugd wocc `dmrdfsd+"xo/ Zdgavd tbd kdd`cd!syrokhd rag tbd mfssdttd+"xoo/ Fttfmb tbd òfcysos juay akta tbd tap a tbd mfssdttd+"xooo/ ^cfmd tbd mfssdttd okta 6>$ "wt!vac/ ^DH sacutoak fk` mavdr ot wotb fcugokug aoc+"xov/ Okòmftd tbd togd fk` `ftd tbft tbd mfssdttd wfs f``d` ta sacutoak+ Ear òp'gdtba` tujds# tbd soci os hdkdrfccy

makmdktrftd` ar :> b+ Ear tbd hdc'spuk tujds# tbd sacutoak gust jd gard vosmaus fk` tbdrdard os makmdktrftd` ar ~:: b+"xv/ Zdgavd tbd makmdktrftd` soci sacutoak ftdr tbd `dsord` fgaukt a togd usokh f ='gc syrokhd fk` fk 62'hfuhd kdd`cd+"xvo/ Gdfsurd tbd sacutoak makmdktrftoak jy wdohbokh aut f sgfcc wdohb jaft fk` tbdk f`òkh >+6 gc a makmdktrftd` soci

sacutoak ta tbd jaft+ Jdmfusd a tbd bohb vosmasoty a makmdktrftd` soci# wd suhhdst usokh dotbdr cfrhd'aromd popdttdtops ar muttokh a tbd top a tbd popdttd+ @ry tbd sacutoak ft 5> ¾M fk` tbdk wdohb tbd `rod` cg+ Pbd wdohbt a tbd sociòvo`d` jy tbd vacugd usd` ">+6 gc/ wocc yodc` tbd wdohbt pdr vacugd pdrmdkt+ mrOtOmfc stdp @dpdkòkh ak tbd okotofc soci makmdktrftoak# 6> gc a soci jraok wocc yodc` :”0 gc a makmdktrftd` socisacutoak ftdr òfcyzokh fhfokst 6>$ "wt!vac/ ^DH ar :>”:: b+ Pbd fgaukt a togd usd` ta makmdktrftd tbd sacutoakgfy kdd` ta jd fctdrd` ar dfmb jftmb+ Pbd makmdktrftoak togd os kat cokdfr# sa mfrd gust jd tfidk ta fvao` hdccokh tbdsoci ok tbd mfssdttd o ot os cdt ok tbd ^DH sacutoak ar taa cakh+ Xotb dxpdrodkmd# tbd rdsdfrmbdr wocc jd fjcd ta vosufccy

`dtdrgokd wbdtbdr tbd soci os makmdktrftd` dkauhb+ O tbd soci os maccdmtd` taa dfrcy# ot mfk dotbdr jd rdpcfmd` okta fmfssdttd fk` fccaw tbd òfcysos ta pramdd` ar gard togd ar ot mfk jd stard` ft 0 ¾M+ Xd k` tbft starokh tbd soci ar f dw`fys wocc fccaw ot ta rdfmb tbd rdquord` makmdktrftoak+ Ot os suhhdstd` tbft tbd soci jd mbdmid` `focy# fs tbd sacutoak mfk

hdc ftdr ot bfs jddk stard` ar taa cakh "fppraxogftdcy 6”: wddis/+ Pbd sacutoak mfk jd mbdmid` jy fttdgptokh ta usdot ok tbd oktdk`d` pratamac+ Ear dxfgpcd# ar òppd` tujds# f gfk`rdc mfk jd òppd` okta tbd sacutoak fk` tbdk ot mfk jdvosufccy `dtdrgokd` wbdtbdr guctopcd jdf`s arg wotbaut mafcdsmokh+ O tbos ammurs# tbdk tbd sacutoak os kat rdf`y+ Pbdrdsuctokh soci sacutoak sbauc` jd vdry vosmaus fk` wocc fppdfr scohbtcy mcau`y wbdk magpfrd` wotb tbd stfrtokh sacutoak+

"xvoo/ Zdgavd tbd kdd`cd fk` trfksdr tbd sacutoak ta :'gc gomramdktrouhd tujds+

mrOtOmfc stdp Jd mfrduc kat ta oktraùmd jujjcds ta tbd sacutoak# fs tbdy frd vdry òmuct ta rdgavd cftdr+

pfusd paOkt Cfjdc fk` stard ft 0 ¾M ar f dw `fys+ Makmdktrftd` soci mfk akcy jd stard` ar f dw `fys# passojcyup ta f wddi# jdard ot hdcs+ Akcy makmdktrftd soci wbdk ot os oktdk`d` ta jd usd` rdcftovdcy saak+

:4| Pbd soci jraok mfk kaw jd usd` ta prdpfrd f kugjdr a òdrdkt gftdrofcs "Eoh+ 6/+ Tsokh tbd makmdktrftd` sacutoak"prdpfrd` ok ]tdp :0J/ yau mfk prdpfrd soci tujds jy dotbdr f sogpcd òp gdtba` ta mrdftd tbok'wfccd` tujds "aptoak F# Eoh+ =/ arjy hdc spokkokh# wbdrdok tbd jraok os dxtru`d` akta f ratftokh gfk`rdc "aptoak J# Eoh+ 0/+ Fctdrkftovdcy# soci sacutoak gfy jd usd`



©:>66


pratamac

kfturd pratamacs | UAC+5 KA+6> | :>66 | 65:=

ta prdpfrd by`rahdcs vof vartdxokh# sakomftoak# dcdmtromfc murrdkt ar pB mbfkhd "aptoaks M”E# Eoh+ 4/9 kakpfttdrkd` ar pfttdrkd` socicgs "aptoaks H fk` B# Eoh+ 5/9 soci gomraspbdrds usokh tbd @A^M "aptoak O# Eoh+ 8/ ar UF "aptoak L# Eoh+ 2/ gdtba`9 dcdmtraspuksoci jdrs "aptoak I# Eoh+ ?/9 ar soci spakhds tbft frd dotbdr fqudaus'jfsd` "aptoak C# Eoh+ 6>/ ar BEO^'jfsd` "aptoak G# Eoh+ 66/+

"f/ @o` j ◁ tOGOkH : go j ob vohb `y ` 6 b i"o/ "Aptoakfc/ O paraus tujds frd rdquord`# prdpfrd f sacutoak a 8”2$ "wt!vac/ ^DA fk` mfrduccy f`` tbd fppraproftd

fgaukt ta tbd makmdktrftd` soci sacutoak+ Hdktcy stor wotb f stfokcdss stddc word+ mrOtOmfc stdp Ot os ogpartfkt kat ta oktraùmd jujjcds ta dotbdr sacutoak fs jatb frd bohbcy vosmaus fk` jujjcdsfrd òmuct ta rdgavd+ O jujjcds frd prdsdkt# tbdy wocc mrdftd bacds ok tbd rdsuctokh soci tujds+

"oo/ @op stfokcdss stddc word okta makmdktrftd` soci sacutoak+ Zdgavd tbd word rag tbd soci fk` okvdrt tbd word# fccawokh tbdjdf`s a soci ta dvdkcy ruk àwk tbd word+Xbdk tbd jdf`s mafcdsmd ft tbd jattag a tbd word# eop ot fk` fccaw tbd soci ta ruk jfmi àwk tawfr` tbd dk` a tbdword "try ta maft dvdkcy/+

1 trauJcdsBaatOkH"ooo/ Cdt dxmdss soci jdf`s `rop a a tbd word jfmi okta soci sacutoak+

"ov/ ^cfmd tbd words ok f vofc a gdtbfkac ar 4”6> s+ mrOtOmfc stdp Zdgavd tbd soci'maftd` word rag gdtbfkac fk` fccaw ta `ry ar ~=> s+

"v/ Zdpdft òppokh pramdss fk` gdtbfkac trdftgdkt :”0 togds ar uktoc tbd word os sumodktcy maftd` wotb soci+ Pbd socigfy fppdfr ukdvdk# jut ot wocc sbroki fs ot `rods+

"vo/ @ry tujds jy stomiokh tbd okvdrtd` soci'maftd` word okta styraafg fk` pcfmd ot ok f ugd baa` avdrkohbt+ Xd suhhdst

gfiokh fk dxmdss kugjdr a tujds# fs sagd a tbd tujds gfy mrfmi ùrokh tbd `ryokh pramdss+ pfusd paOkt @rod` tujds mfk jd stard` ar sdvdrfc `fys ft raag tdgpdrfturd+

"voo/ Xbdk soci os `ry# pcfmd tbd words maftd` wotb soci okta f 64'gc makomfc tujd ccd` wotb safpy wftdr fk` safi ar 6 b+"vooo/ Ftdr safiokh# rdgavd tbd tujds rag tbd safpy wftdr fk` mut tbd dk` a tbd soci tujd wotb f smfcpdc ar f rfzar jcf`d+

"ox/ Zdgavd tbd tujd rag tbd word usokh twddzdrs+ Pbd tujd sbauc` sco`d a dfsocy+ O ot os òmuct ta rdgavd wotbautsmrukmbokh tbd tujd# tbdk pcfmd tbd tujd jfmi okta safpy wftdr fk` wfot jdard tryokh fhfok+1 trauJcdsBaatOkH

"x/ Eocc f pcfstom ^dtro òsb "6> mg/ wotb uctrfpurd wftdr+ ^cfmd tbd tujds ok tbd wftdr fk` okmujftd ak f sbfiokh wftdrjftb ar 6 b ta rdgavd rdso ufc safp+

"xo/ ]tard soci tujds ok f pcfstom ^dtro òsb ft raag tdgpdrfturd+ Pbdsd tujds mfk jd stard` ar sdvdrfc gaktbs up ta fmaupcd a ydfrs+ Pbdy frd jrottcd# sa wd suhhdst tbft tbdy jd by`rftd` ok wftdr jdard jdokh gfkopucftd`+

"J/ H' j ◁ tOGOkH 4 go j vohb `y

"o/ ^cfmd tbd gfk`rdc ok tbd gfk`rdc ratftoak systdg+"oo/ Fttfmb f 60'hfuhd kdd`cd ak f 6'gc syrokhd fk` scawcy `rfw up tbd makmdktrftd` soci sacutoak+ Jd surd ta fvaoòkmcuòkh for jujjcds+

"ooo/ Zdgavd tbd kdd`cd fk` rdpcfmd wotb f =>'hfuhd kdd`cd+"ov/ ]tfrt tbd gfk`rdc ratftoak systdg+"v/ ]quddzd tbd hdc sacutoak aut a tbd kdd`cd fk` akta tbd gfk`rdc+ Pbd jdr sbauc` jd ukoarg wotbaut fky jdf`s ar

òsmaktokuotods+ Pa ajtfok f ukoarg jdr# f hdkdraus fgaukt a prdssurd os rdquord`+ O sacutoak àds kat magd aut#rdpcfmd tbd kdd`cd wotb f :8'hfuhd kdd`cd+

mrOtOmfc stdp Pbd wokòkh pfttdrk mfk jd fctdrd` tbrauhb tbd usd a tbd gfk`rdc ratftoak systdg+ O tbdratftoak os makstfkt fk` tbd gfk`rdc asmoccftds jfmi fk` artb# f mrass'bftmbd` `dsohk mfk jd hdkdrftd`+ O f jdr

rukkokh ok tbd sfgd òrdmtoak os rdquord`# tbd gfk`rdc ratftoak systdg sbauc` jd stappd` ftdr akd cfydr fk`tbdk tbd ratftoak rdvdrsd`+ Pbd wfcc tbomikdss ajtfokd` wotb tbos gdtba` wocc `dpdk` ak tbd kugjdr a cfydrs fk`tbd spdd` a tbd trfksvdrsd gatar+

1 trauJcdsBaatOkH"vo/ Akmd tbd soci bfs jddk cfo` akta tbd gfk`rdc# fppcy gdtbfkac ak tap a tbd soci wotb f kdd`cd fk` syrokhd ok ar`dr ta

okùmd κ'sbddt argftoak wotbok tbd soci jraok+"voo/ Fccaw tbd gdtbfkac ta `ry# fk` tbdk pcfmd tbd gfk`rdc okta f sacutoak a safpy wftdr+"vooo/ Xbdk tbd tujd bfs satdkd`# hrfj tbd tujd ukoargcy wotb f Iogwopd fk` hdktcy pucc ot a+ O tbd tujd àds kat

rdfòcy gavd# maktokud ta safi ot ok tbd safp sacutoak+

"ox/ Eocc f pcfstom ^dtro òsb "6> mg/ wotb uctrfpurd wftdr+ ^cfmd tbd tujd ok wftdr fk` okmujftd ok f sbfiokh wftdr jftb ar6 b ta rdgavd rdsoùfc safp+

"x/ ]tard tbd soci tujd ok f pcfstom ^dtro òsb ft raag tdgpdrfturd ar up ta 6 ydfr "`dpdkòkh ak tujd trdftgdkt fk`starfhd makòtoaks/+

"m/ Ux` h ◁ tOGOkH 6 `"o/ F`lust tbd makmdktrftoak a fk 2$ "wt!vac/ soci sacutoak ta :”4$ "wt!vac/+



©:>66


pratamac

65:0 | UAC+5 KA+6> | :>66 | kfturd pratamacs

"oo/ Prfksdr 6 gc a soci sacutoak okta f hcfss vofc fk` mcasd tohbtcy+ mrOtOmfc stdp Pbos pratamac os ar 6 gc a caw'makmdktrftoak soci sacutoak+ Cfrhdr vacugds gfy jd usd`# jut tbdvartdx togd fk` spdd` gfy kdd` ta jd fctdrd`+ Ot os kat kdmdssfry ta usd hcfss vofcs+

"ooo/ ]dmurd tbd vofc ok fk uprohbt pasotoak ak tbd vartdxdr wotb ùmt tfpd+"ov/ Uartdx tbd sacutoak ok tbd hcfss vofc ar ~8 gok ft =#:>> r+p+g+ "gfxogug spdd` sdttokh/+ Pbos trdftgdkt sbauc`

okmrdfsd tbd sacutoak turjoòty+ mrOtOmfc stdp ]oci sacutoaks gfy vfry jdtwddk jftmbds fk` fs f sacutoak fhds9 tbdrdard# tbd vartdx togd gfy kdd`ta jd okmrdfsd` ar `dmrdfsd`+1 trauJcdsBaatOkH

"v/ Maccdmt tbd turjo` sacutoak usokh f 6'gc scop'top syrokhd fvaoòkh fky passojcd saco`# stomiy pbfsd+"vo/ Okmujftd turjo` sacutoak avdrkohbt ok tbd syrokhd ar ok f wdcc pcftd ta fccaw hdcftoak+ Okmujftoak ft =8 ¾M wocc `dmrdfsd

tbd hdcftoak togd+ Ear cakh'tdrg starfhd# stard ft 0 ¾M+"voo/ Hdcs mfk jd okldmtd` tbrauhb :6'hfuhd "ar cfrhdr òfgdtdr/ kdd`cds o kdmdssfry+ Gokogfc armd sbauc` jd sumodkt ta

okldmt f 4$ "wt!vac/ hdc tbrauhb f :6'hfuhd kdd`cd+ O okldmtoak rdquords sujstfktofc armd# tbd top a tbd syrokhd mfk

jd mut usokh f jcf`d "jdard makkdmtokh tbd kdd`cd/ ta rdgavd tbd siok cfydr ft tbd top+

"@/ so` h ◁ tOGOkH 6 `"o/ @ocutd 2$ "wt!vac/ fqudaus soci sacutoak ta 0$ "wt!vac/+"oo/ F`` 4 gc a 0$ "wt!vac/ soci sacutoak ta f 64'gc makomfc tujd+"ooo/ ]akomftd tbd sacutoak ft 4>$ fgpcotu`d ":6 X/ ar => s+

& mfutOak Pbd sakomftokh bark gust jd oggdrsd` ok sacutoak wbocd tbd pawdr os fppcod` ok ar`dr ta prdvdkt `fgfhdta tbd okstrugdkt+ Jd mfrduc kat ta taumb tbd bark ak tbd so`ds a tbd tujd ùrokh sakomftoak+

& mfutOak Dxtdk`d` dxpasurd ta uctrfsakomftoak gfy mfusd `fgfhd ta akd‟s bdfrokh+ Tsd a pratdmtovd dfrgus osbohbcy rdmaggdk`d +

1 trauJcdsBaatOkH"ov/ O rdquord`# tbd turjo` sacutoak mfk jd popdttd` okta f wdcc pcftd ar f ^dtro òsb oggdòftdcy ftdr sakomftoak# proar ta hdcftoak+"v/ Okmujftd tbd sakomftd` sacutoaks ft =8 ¾M avdrkohbt# o kdmdssfry# ta fccaw by`rahdcftoak+

"d/ dh "'h/ ◁ tOGOkH 64 go"o/ F`` 6> gc a 8”2$ "wt!vac/ fqudaus soci sacutoak ta f 4>'gc makomfc tujd+"oo/ Oggdrsd f pfor a pcftokug word dcdmtra`ds okta tbd soci sacutoak+ O tbd dcdmtra`ds à kat rdfmb tbd sacutoak# mut a

tbd tap partoak a tbd tujd+"ooo/ Fppcy ~:4 U

@Mta tbd pcftokug dcdmtra`ds avdr f dw gokutds+ Xotbok sdmak`s a tbd fppcomftoak a tbd vactfhd# f

vosojcd hdc wocc arg ft tbd pasotovd dcdmtra`d# camiokh ok sagd axyhdk jujjcds ft tbd dcdmtra`d surfmd fs tbd hdc dgfkftds autwfr`+1 trauJcdsBaatOkH

"ov/ Purk a tbd pawdr suppcy wbdk f`òtoakfc hdc ka cakhdr maccdmts ak tbd pasotovd dcdmtra`d+"v/ Maccdmt tbd hdc ak tbd pasotovd dcdmtra`d+"vo/ "Aptoakfc/ O f stodr hdc os rdquord`# maccdmt tbd d'hdc okta f syrokhd jy rdgavokh tbd pcukhdr fk` pcfmokh tbd soci ok

tbd apdk dk`+ Pbd κ'sbddt maktdkt a tbd soci os okmrdfsd` wbdk f rfpo` sbdfr armd os fppcod` ta tbd hdc+

"E/ B h ◁ tOGOkH 6> go"o/ F`` >+? gc a 2$ "wt!vac/ fqudaus soci sacutoak ta f hcfss vofc+ Pbos pratamac bfs jddk dstfjcosbd` ar f tatfc sacutoak

vacugd a 6 gc# jut tbd vacugds mfk jd smfcd` up o tbd vacugdtrom rftoa a soci ta fmo` os gfoktfokd` ft 6><6+

"oo/ F`` >+6 gc a >+= G BMc ta tbd vofc+ Pbd gacfroty a tbd BMc mfk jd okmrdfsd` ar `dmrdfsd` `dpdkòkh ak tbd kdd`s a tbd usdr+ Xd bfvd stuòd` hdcs argd` wotb >+6# >+= fk` 6+> G BMc fk` bfvd auk` tbft tbd stokdss okmrdfsd` wotbokmrdfsokh fmo` makmdktrftoak+ Ok f`òtoak# wd auk` tbft tbd >+= G BMc hdcs wdrd tbd gast f`bdsovd+

"ooo/ Mcasd mfp fk` stor jy okvdrtokh tbd vofc+"H/ soi eg ◁ tOGOkH : `

"o/ F`` 0 gc a 2$ "wt!vac/ fqudaus soci sacutoak okta f 6>> gg ^dtro òsb+ Pbd cgs praùmd` jy tbos gdtba` frd hdkdr'fccy 4> ´g tbomi fk` mfk jd dfsocy rdgavd` rag tbd pacystyrdkd òsb+ Ear tbomidr cgs# dotbdr okmrdfsd tbd fgaukt a soci sacutoak ar tbd makmdktrftoak a soci+

"oo/ Fccaw ta `ry avdrkohbt wotbaut mavdrokh tbd òsb+ Fky gaòmftoaks ta dotbdr tbd soci makmdktrftoak ar vacugd gfy

okmrdfsd ryokh togds+"ooo/ Eocc tbd jattag a tbd vfmuug `dsommftar wotb wftdr+"ov/ ^cfmd tbd `ry cgs ok tbd `dsommftar fk` fppcy vfmuug ta tbd vfmuug part+"v/ Fccaw tbd cgs ta wftdr fkkdfc ar 6 `+ mrOtOmfc stdp Pbd wftdr'fkkdfcokh stdp os mrotomfc ta prdvdkt tbd cgs rag òssacvokh ok wftdr+ Xd bfvd auk`tbft wftdr fkkdfcokh okùmds κ'sbddt sogocfrcy ta f`òkh gdtbfkac jut ta f cdssdr dxtdkt+



©:>66


pratamac


"vo/ Hdktcy rdgavd tbd cg rag tbd òsb+1 trauJcdsBaatOkH

"voo/ ]tard ft raag tdgpdrfturd ar up ta 6 ydfr "`dpdkòkh ak cg trdftgdkt fk` starfhd makòtoaks/+

"B/ p` oi eg ◁ tOGOkH 5 b hoh g`# :` oh"o/ ^rdpfrd wari frdf jy cfyokh àwk f sbddt a fcugokug aoc fk` maccdmtokh tbd rdquord` gftdrofcs "f pcfstom popdttd# f

jax a Iogwopds# f pfpdr mup# f kdd`cd# f ]ychfr` jfsd fk` murokh fhdkt# f jattcd a 8>$ "vac!vac/ dtbfkac fk`òrfmtoak hrftokh/+ mrOtOmfc stdp O yau frd rdusokh f gac`# siop ta ]tdp :4B"xoo/+ mrOtOmfc stdp Dksurd tbft tbd òrfmtoak hrftokh os rdd a `djros+ ]prfy wotb dtbfkac# wopd fk` jcaw'`ry wotbprdssurozd` for rag tbd jdkmb tap+

"oo/ ^cfmd pfpdr mup ak jfcfkmd# wdohb aut fk fppraproftd fgaukt a jfsd fk` tbdk murokh fhdkt rag tbd ]ychfr` iot+Ear 6 gac` "4 mg Ø 4 mg/ usd 0+4 h a jfsd fk` >+4 h a murokh fhdkt "?<6 rftoa/+

"ooo/ Gox wotb f pcfstom popdttd ar 6 gok+"ov/ ^cfmd ^@G] ok f vfmuug avdk ar =>”5> gok ta rdgavd for jujjcds+

"v/ ^cfmd tbd òrfmtoak hrftokh ok f ^dtro òsb+"vo/ ]cawcy paur tbd ^@G] avdr tbd òrfmtoak hrftokh9 try kat ta oktraùmd jujjcds+"voo/ Akmd tbd hrftokh os mavdrd`# rdgavd fky jujjcds wotb f kdd`cd+"vooo/ Hdktcy gavd tbd ^dtro òsb ta f 5> ¾M avdk ar 0 b ar cdfvd ft raag tdgpdrfturd ar avdr :0 b+"ox/ Zdgavd tbd ^@G] rag tbd òrfmtoak hrftokh+ Jd mfrduc kat ta rop tbd ^@G]+

"x/ Mcdfk tbd gac` wotb f Iogwopd fk` dtbfkac+ pfusd paOkt ^@G] gac`s mfk jd stard` ft raag tdgpdrfturd fk` usd` ok`dokotdcy+ @osmaktokud usd wbdk tbdrd os`fgfhd prdsdkt ak tbd mfstokh fmd+

"xo/ "Aptoakfc/ tbd ^@G] gac` mfk jd pukmbd` ta vfryokh òfgdtdrs `dpdkòkh ak kdd`+ Ear tbos pratamac# pukmb aut

60'gg òsis rag tbd ^@G]+"xoo/ ^cfmd tbd ^@G] gac`s ok f ^dtro òsb+"xooo/ F`` 6>> ć a 2$ "wt!vac/ soci sacutoak akta dfmb 60'gg òsi+"xov/ Fccaw tbd cgs ta `ry avdrkohbt+"xv/ Eocc tbd jattag a tbd vfmuug `dsommftar wotb wftdr+

mrOtOmfc stdp ^cfmd tbd `ry cgs ok tbd `dsommftar fk` fppcy vfmuug ta tbd vfmuug part+"xvo/ Fccaw tbd cgs ta wftdr fkkdfc ar 6 `+"xvoo/ Fccaw tbd cgs ta `ry ar 6> gok fk` hdktcy pddc cgs rag tbd gac` usokh twddzdrs+

"xvooo/ Pa okòmftd tbd pfttdrkd` so`d a tbd cg# pcfmd fk d`hd a tbd kakpfttdrkd` so`d akta f âst'ot katd+ ]tard ft raagtdgpdrfturd uktoc usd+

"O/ Gob "@apm/ ◁ tOGOkH 0+4 `"o/ F`` :>> gh a @A^M copo` paw`dr ta f hcfss tdst tujd+"oo/ Ok f baa`# f`` 6 gc a mbcaraarg fk` wfot uktoc tbd @A^M os magpcdtdcy òssacvd`9 tbd sacutoak wocc turk mcdfr+

& mfutOak Mbcaraarg os f bfzfràus sujstfkmd ikawk ta jd mfrmokahdkom9 wdfr prapdr sfdty dquopgdkt fk` wariokso`d f mbdgomfc ugd baa`+

"ooo/ Zacc tbd tujd ta dvdkcy maft tbd oktdroar a tbd tujd wotb f tbok# bagahdkaus cfydr+ Xbocd raccokh tbd tujd# `ry autsacutoak wotb kotrahdk hfs eaw+ Xbdk tbd cg os kdfrcy `ry# tbd eaw rftd mfk jd okmrdfsd`+

"ov/ Cdfvd tbd tujd ta `ry ok tbd baa` ar => gok+

pfusd paOkt Hcfss tujds mfk jd maftd` wotb @A^M fk` stard` ft √ :> ¾M uktoc kdd`d`+"v/ Ok f 6+4'gc gomramdktrouhd tujd# f`` :>> ć a 6> gh gc √ 6 sacutoak a tbd `ruh# pratdok ar mbdgomfc ta jd dkmfpsu'

cftd` ta 6 gc a 2$ "wt!vac/ soci sacutoak+ O `dsord`# fcsa prdpfrd f sacutoak a 6 gc a 2$ "wt!vac/ soci wotb :>> ć a

uctrfpurd wftdr ar f maktrac sfgpcd+"vo/ By`rftd tbd copo` cg wotb tbd soci fk` `ruh sacutoak "ar maktrac sacutoak# o fppcomfjcd/+ Jy f`òkh tbd fqudaus sacu'

toak# tbd wftdr wocc scawcy òssacvd tbd copo` cg rag tbd hcfss tujd surfmd+ Pbd sacutoak wocc jdmagd gard turjo` fstbd copo` cg os by`rftd` fk` dvdktufccy tbd copo` cg wocc òsfppdfr rag tbd hcfss# cdfvokh ot mcdfr+

"voo/ Akmd tbd cfydr os rdby`rftd`# òcutd wotb = gc a uctrfpurd wftdr# gfiokh surd ta hdt tbd dktord copo` cfydr a tbd wfcc a tbd hcfss tujd+

"vooo/ Prfksdr tbd sacutoak rag yaur hcfss tujd ta f 64'gc makomfc tujd ar rddzd'tbfwokh+"ox/ ]ujgdrhd tbd tujd ok coquo` kotrahdk ar 64 gok ar uktoc tbd coquo` kotrahdk staps jaocokh+

& mfutOak Coquo` kotrahdk os dxtrdgdcy mac` fk` dxpasurd ta ot gfy mfusd jurks+ Jd mfrduc wbdk bfk`cokh ot fk` wdfrprapdr sfdty dquopgdkt+

"x/ Vuomicy gavd tbd tujd ta f =8 ¾M wftdr jftb ar 64 gok "mbdmi tbft tbd maktdkts frd tatfccy tbfwd` ft tbd dk` a dfmb 64'gok tbfw/+



©:>66


pratamac


"xo/ Zdpdft ]tdps ?”6> twomd gard ta magpcdtd tbrdd rddzd'tbfw mymcds "ok ar`dr ta mrdftd f gard bagahdkaus sozdòstrojutoak a spbdrds/+

"xoo/ Eocc f 6>>'gc jdfidr wotb 4> gc a uctrfpurd wftdr+ F` f stor jfr fk` gavd tbd jdfidr ta f stor pcftd+"xooo/ ôpdttd tbd òcutd` sacutoak okta tbd 6>> gc a uctrfpurd wftdr vdry scawcy "`rop jy `rop/ wotb fst storrokh+"xov/ Prfksdr tbd òcutd` sacutoak ta f 4>'gc makomfc tujd fk` rddzd ot ft √ 2> ¾M ar ft cdfst 4 b+ @a kat dxmdd` 0> gc a

sacutoak pdr tujd fs tbd sacutoak gfy dxpfk` ùrokh rddzokh+"xv/ Cyapbocozd ar :”= `+"xvo/ Ftdr cyapbocozftoak# trfksdr => gh a cyapbocozd` praùmt okta f cfrhd :'gc gomramdktrouhd tujd fk` f`` : gc a purd

gdtbfkac+& mfutOak Gdtbfkac os f bfzfràus sujstfkmd9 wd rdmaggdk` usokh tbd prapdr sfdty dquopgdkt+ Ok f`òtoak#gdtbfkac os f efggfjcd sacvdkt9 tbdrdard# saurmds a ohkotoak sbauc` jd rdgavd` jdard usd+

"xvoo/ Okmujftd tbd sfgpcd ar => gok ft raag tdgpdrfturd "fk okmujftoak togd a akcy 6> gok os rdmaggdk`d` o f pratdokar gdtbfkac'sacujcd `ruh os jdokh dkmfpsucftd`/+

"xvooo/Prfksdr tbd sacujcd partoak ta f kdw :'gc gomramdktrouhd tujd+

"xox/ Mdktrouhd tbd tujds ft 6>#>>> r+p+g+ ar 4 gok ft 0 ¾M ok f gomramdktrouhd+"xx/ @osmfr` tbd gdtbfkac supdrkftfkt okta f prapdr wfstd jattcd fk` `ry tbd pdccdt avdrkohbt ok tbd baa`+ ]tard ft 0 ¾M+"xxo/ Pa rdsuspdk` tbd gomraspbdrds# rst wfsb tbd gomraspbdrds jy f`òkh : gc a wftdr ta tbd pdccdt fk` tbdk mdktrouhd

ft 6>#>>> r+p+g+ ar 4 gok ft 0 ¾M+"xxoo/ Zdgavd tbd wftdr fk` rdsuspdk` gomraspbdrds ok tbd `dsord` wftdr ar judr+ O tbd gomraspbdrds bfvd fhhrdhftd`#

tbdy mfk jd òspdrsd` jy sakomftokh tbd sacutoak ar fjaut 6> s ft =>$ fgpcotu`d "~:> X/+"L/ Gob "pUf/ ◁ tOGOkH : `

"o/ ^rdpfrd f 4$ "wt!vac/ ÛF sacutoak jy f`òkh >+:4 h a ÛF ta 0 gc a uctrfpurd wftdr+ Bdft ta 5> ¾M ta òssacvd tbd ÛF+"oo/ Prfksdr tbd sacutoak okta tbd 6>'gc hrfùftd` mycok dr fk` f`lust tbd vacugd a tbd sacutoak up ta 4 gc wotb

uctrfpurd wftdr+"ooo/ Eoctdr tbd ÛF sacutoak wotb f >+04'´g ctrftoak ukot+

pfusd paOkt ]tard tbd ÛF sacutoak ft raag tdgpdrfturd ar ka gard tbfk = gaktbs+"ov/ @ocutd soci sacutoak ta 4$ "wt!vac/ wotb uctrfpurd wftdr+"v/ F`` 6 gc a 4$ "wt!vac/ soci fk` 0 gc a 4$ "wt!vac/ ÛF okta f 64'gc makomfc tujd fk` hdktcy gox+ Xbocd scawcy

gavokh tbd prajd up fk` àwk# sakomftd tbd sacutoak ar => s ft :4$ fgpcotu`d+& mfutOak Pbd sakomftokh bark gust jd oggdrsd` ok sacutoak wbocd tbd pawdr os fppcod` ok ar`dr ta prdvdkt `fgfhdta tbd okstrugdkt+ Jd mfrduc kat ta taumb tbd bark ak tbd so`ds a tbd tujd ùrokh sakomftoak+

& mfutOak Dxtdk`d` dxpasurd ta uctrfsakomftoak gfy mfusd `fgfhd ta akd‟s bdfrokh+ Tsd a pratdmtovd dfrgus osbohbcy rdmaggdk`d +

"vo/ âur tbd sacutoak okta f ^dtro òsb fk` fccaw ot ta mavdr tbd jattag a tbd òsb dvdkcy+"voo/ @ry tbd sacutoak avdrkohbt ok f ugd baa`+

pfusd paOkt Ftdr `ryokh# tbd ocg mfk jd stard` ar f dw wddis+ Mavdr fk` sdfc tbd òsb wotb ^frfocg fk` stardot ft raag tdgpdrfturd+

"vooo/ ^ddc a tbd cg rag tbd òsb fk` pcfmd akd cg ok f 4>'gc makomfc tujd+"ox/ F`` :> gc a `doakozd` wftdr ta tbd tujd9 sbfid ar => gok ft raag tdgpdrfturd ta òssacvd tbd cg+

1 trauJcdsBaatOkH"x/ Mdktrouhd ft 66#>>> r+p+g+ ar :> gok ft 0 ¾M fk` òsmfr` tbd supdrkftfkt+

"xo/ Zdsuspdk` tbd pdccdt ok 4 gc a uctrfpurd wftdr+ ]akomftd ar 64 s ft 64$ fgpcotu`d# o kdmdssfry+Aptoakfc< usd tbd suspdksoak "maktfokokh jatb kfka' fk` gomraspbdrds/ ar cyapbocozd fk` stard tbd `ry gftdrofc+

"I/ d ej ◁ tOGOkH 6 `"o/ ^rdpfrd f sacutoak a 4$ "wt!vac/ ^DA ok wftdr ok f :>'gc hcfss smoktoccftoak vofc+ Tsd f sgfcc stor jfr ta dksurd

prapdr goxokh+ pfusd paOkt Pbd ^DA wocc tfid togd ta òssacvd okta sacutoak# sa tbos sbauc` jd àkd fbdf` a togd+ Pbos sacutoakmfk jd stard` ft 0 ¾M ar 6 ydfr+

"oo/ F`` 4 gc a tbd 4$ "wt!vac/ ^DA "?>>#>>> h gac √ 6/ sacutoak okta :> gc a 2$ "wt!vac/ soci sacutoak ta hdkdrftd fkfqudaus sacutoak a 5+0$ "wt!vac/ soci!6$ "wt!vac/ ^DA+

mrOtOmfc stdp F bohb vosmasoty# jdmfusd a pacygdr makmdktrftoak fk` gacdmucfr wdohbt# gust jd gdt ok ar`dr artbd pacygdr gacdmucds ta dktfkhcd fk` arg f ldt+ O dotbdr tbd makmdktrftoak ar gacdmucfr wdohbt a tbd pacygdr ostaa caw# akcy jdf`s wocc arg+ Bdkmd# wd bfvd okmcu`d` ^DA ok tbos pratamac ta pragatd jdr argftoak jy okmrdfsokhtbd avdrfcc pacygdr makmdktrftoak+

"ooo/ ]cawcy stor tbd jcdk`d` sacutoak ar ~6> gok ft 0 ¾M ta ajtfok f bagahdkaus sacutoak+ Fvao` bohb sbdfr ùrokh goxokhtbft gfy mfusd prdgfturd mrystfccozftoak a tbd soci+



©:>66


pratamac


"ov/ @rfw up 6> gc a tbd soci!^DA sacutoak okta f 6> gc syrokhd+"v/ Fttfmb f 65'hfuhd kdd`cd ta tbd syrokhd+"vo/ Gaukt tbd syrokhd ak tbd syrokhd pugp+"voo/ ^cfmd f maccdmtoak surfmd ft f òstfkmd a 8”:> mg rag tbd top a tbd kdd`cd+ Gfky surfmds mfk jd usd` ta maccdmt

dcdmtraspuk jdrs fs cakh fs tbdy mfk jd dcdmtromfccy hrauk`+ F sogpcd surfmd tbft maksosts a f podmd a mfr`jafr`

mavdrd` wotb fcugokug aoc os sumodkt+"vooo/ Fttfmb tbd pasotovd vactfhd cdf` ta tbd kdd`cd ak tbd syrokhd fk` tbd hrauk` cdf` ta tbd maccdmtoak surfmd+"ox/ ]dt tbd murrdkt ta scohbtcy fjavd > F+ Purk ak tbd bohb vactfhd fk` syrokhd pugp+

& mfutOak Dcdmtraspokkokh os pdrargd` ft f bohb vactfhd+ Jd mfrduc wbocd tbd bohb vactfhd os ak fk` à kat taumbmbfrhd` surfmds sumb fs tbd kdd`cd ar pasotovd vactfhd cdf`+

"x/ F`lust tbd sacutoak eaw rftd ">+>6”>+>= gc gok √ 6/# dcdmtrom patdktofc "2”64 IU/ fk` tbd òstfkmd jdtwddk tbdmfpoccfry top fk` tbd maccdmtoak smrddk "8”:> mg/ ta ajtfok f stfjcd ldt+

mrOtOmfc stdp Pbd dcdmtrom dc` strdkhtb os rdquord` ta okotoftd tbd ldt fk` ft tbd cawdr cogot jdf` `ddmts frddvo`dkt ak tbd jdrs+ Ft tbd bohbdr cogot# soci jdrs trfksotoak rag f rauk` garpbacahy ta f rojjak'sbfpd` mrass'

sdmtoak+ Ot bfs fcsa jddk katd` tbft wotb fk okmrdfsd ok vactfhd tbd jdr òfgdtdr okmrdfsds jdmfusd a f`òtoakfc gfss trfkspart wotb tbd bohbdr dcdmtromfc armd+ Jy okmrdfsokh tbd òstfkmd jdtwddk tbd spokkdrdt fk` tbd maccdmtokhsurfmd# tbd jdr òfgdtdr mfk jd rdùmd`+ Eokfccy# tbd eaw rftd sbauc` jd f`lustd` sa tbft tbd sacutoak os makstfktcyjdokh suppcod` ta tbd top wotbaut fccawokh dxmdss sacutoak ta `rop0:+

"xo/ Maccdmt tbd soci jdrs uktoc tbd `dsord` tbomikdss os fmbodvd`+

"xoo/ Oggdrsd tbd jdr gfts ok f ?>$ "vac!vac/ gdtbfkac!wftdr sacvdkt ar :> gok ta ajtfok wftdr'oksacujcd jdr gfts+& mfutOak Gdtbfkac os f bfzfràus fk` efggfjcd sujstfkmd9 usd prapdr pdrsakfc sfdty dquopgdkt fk` rdgavd fcc saurmds a ohkotoak jdard usd+

"xooo/ Okmujftd tbd gdtbfkac'trdftd` jdr gfts ok uctrfpurd wftdr ak f rdmopramftokh sbfidr avdrkohbt ta rdgavd tbd ^DA

rag tbd gfts+"xov/ @ry tbd jdr gfts ok f mbdgomfc ugd baa`+

"c/ fq'j` h ◁ tOGOkH 4 `"o/ ^rdpfrd tbd sfct wotb tbd pfrtomcd sozds a oktdrdst+ ]tfmi tbd sodvds wotb tbd cfrhdst gdsb ak tap fk` tbd sgfccdst

gdsb ak tbd jattag+ F`` sfct fk` sbfid voharauscy+ Zdpdft uktoc tbd `dsord` fgaukt a sfct os maccdmtd`+ mrOtOmfc stdp Ot os ogpartfkt ta katd tbft tbd pard sozds wocc jd scohbtcy sgfccdr tbfk tbd sfct pfrtomcds usd`# fstbd sfct os pfrtofccy òssacvd` wbocd tbd soci hdcs+ Pbdrdard# ot os ogpartfkt ta stfrt wotb sfct pfrtomcds tbft frd scohbtcycfrhdr tbfk tbd rdquord` pard vacugd+

1 trauJcdsBaatOkH"oo/ Xdohb 0 h a sfct ok wdohbokh jafts# akd ar dfmb gac`+

"ooo/ Xotb f 4'gc syrokhd# fcoquat jraok sacutoak okta pcfstom maktfokdrs# : gc pdr gac`+ Katd< Ear sfct pfrtomcds 84> ´g fk`cfrhdr# usd 2$ "wt!vac/ soci sacutoak+ Ear sgfccdr sfct pfrtomcds# usd 5$ "wt!vac/ soci sacutoak+ Pbd sozd fk` sbfpd a tbdsmfac`s gfy jd vfrod` jy mbfkhokh tbd gac`s+ Pbd rftoa a sfct ta soci ok sacutoak sbauc` jd gfoktfokd` ft :4<6+Pbd kugjdr a smfac`s mfk dfsocy jd smfcd` up jy ccokh f`òtoakfc gac`s+

"ov/ ]cawcy paur tbd sfct ak tap a tbd jraok sacutoak ok tbd gac` wbocd ratftokh tbd maktfokdr sa tbft tbd sfct os ukoarg+"v/ Pfp tbd maktfokdr hdktcy ak tbd jdkmb tap ta rdgavd for jujjcds+"vo/ Mcasd tbd mfp fk` fccaw tbd sacutoak ta sdttcd avdrkohbt ft raag tdgpdrfturd+ Pbd soci jraok sbauc` hdc ok 6”: `+"voo/ Akmd tbd soci bfs hdccd`# rdgavd tbd co`s fk` pcfmd tbd gac`s ok f :'cotdr jdfidr wotb uctrfpurd wftdr "tbrdd maktfokdrs

pdr : cotdrs a wftdr/+"vooo/ Prfksdr tbd jdfidr ta f stor pcftd fk` stor+"ox/ Mbfkhd tbd wftdr :”= togds pdr `fy ar : ` "0”5 wfsbds ok tatfc/+

"x/ Zdgavd tbd smfac`s rag tbd gac`s fk` rdpcfmd tbdg ok rdsb wftdr ar fk f`òtoakfc `fy+"xo/ ]tard tbd smfac`s ok uctrfpurd wftdr ok 4> gc tujds ft 0 ¾M uktoc kdd`d` ar usd+ Ear cakh'tdrg starfhd# `ry tbd

smfac`s fk` stard tbdg ft raag tdgpdrfturd+"xoo/ Jdard usd# mut by`rftd` smfac`s okta tbd `dsord` ògdksoaks+ Futamcfvd ta stdrocozd+ Pa mut tbd smfac`s ta sgfccdr

ògdksoaks# wd suhhdst òspasfjcd joapsy pukmbds ta ajtfok ukoarg òsis+

"G/ BEOp'j` h ◁ tOGOkH 2 `"o/ ^rdpfrd 68$ "wt!vac/ soci!BEO^ sacutoak+ Ear f vacugd a 6> gc kfc sacutoak# paur ? gc a BEO^ avdr 6+8 h a

cyapbocozd` soci+& mfutOak BEO^ os costd` jy tbd Bfzfràus Gftdrofcs Okargftoak ]ystdg fs f bdfctb bfzfr` cdvdc =9 ot mfk mfusd jurksjatb tapomfccy fk` o okbfcd`+ Xdfr prapdr sfdty dquopgdkt fk` wari okso`d f mbdgomfc ugd baa`+1 trauJcdsBaatOkH

"oo/ Xrfp tbd co` wotb ^frfcg fk` iddp ot ft raag tdgpdrfturd avdrkohbt ar uktoc fcc tbd soci os òssacvd`+



©:>66


pratamac


"ooo/ Xbocd tbd soci os òssacvokh# prdpfrd tbd sfct wotb tbd pfrtomcd sozds a oktdrdst+ ]tfmi tbd sodvds wotb tbd cfrhdst gdsbak tap fk` tbd sgfccdst gdsb ft tbd jattag+ F`` sfct fk` sbfid voharauscy+ Zdpdft uktoc tbd `dsord` fgaukt a sfctos maccdmtd`+

"ov/ Xdohb =+0 h a KfMc fk` pcfmd ot ok f hcfss sbdcc vofc+ Zdpdft ar dohbt gard vofcs+

mrOtOmfc stdp O cfrhdr smfac`s frd rdquord`# tbd gac` mfk jd dxmbfkhd` wotb f cfrhdr akd fk` tbd sfct wdohbt mfk

jd smfcd` wotb f :><6 rftoa wotb tbd soci gfss ok sacutoak+ Jd mfrduc ta mbaasd f gac` gftdrofc tbft wocc kat oktdrfmt wotbBEO^+ BEO^ os bohbcy marrasovd# sa gdtfc sbauc` jd fvao`d`+ Ok f`òtoak# ar cfrhdr smfac`s tbd gdtbfkac trdftgdkt fk`òfcysos togds gfy kdd` ta jd smfcd` up ta dksurd pdkdtrftoak a tbd sacvdkt gacdmucds okta tbd mdktdr a tbd smfac`s+

"v/ "Aptoakfc/ O yau frd f`òkh f rdokarmokh fhdkt sumb fs by`raxyfpftotd# wdohb ot fk` f`` ot ta tbd sfct bdrd+ Gox wdcc#jatb ok tbd wdohb òsb fk` ok tbd gac`+

"vo/ Pfp tbd maktfokdr hdktcy ak tbd jdkmb tap surfmd ta cdvdc tbd sfct ok tbd maktfokdr+"voo/ Ok f ugd baa`# f`` 6 gc a soci sacutoak ta dfmb maktfokdr a sfct vdry quomicy usokh f 4'gc syrokhd+ Oggdòftdcy mfp

dfmb maktfokdr ta rdùmd sacvdkt dvfparftoak+"vooo/ Xrfp dfmb mfp wotb ^frfcg fk` fccaw soci sacutoak ta pdkdtrftd tbd sfct "6”: `/+

"ox/ Akmd tbd sfct fppdfrs ‒wdt‟ fk` tbd soci sacutoak bfs rdfmbd` tbd jattag a tbd vofc# ukmfp tbd vofcs ta fccaw BEO^ tadvfparftd ar 6 `+& mfutOak Iddp tbd smfac`s ok tbd baa`+ pfusd paOkt Pbd `rod` smfac`s mfk jd stard` ft raag tdgpdrfturd ar sdvdrfc `fys+

"x/ Xbdk tbd soci fppdfrs `ry fk` `dtfmbd` rag tbd maktfokdr wfccs# f`` 6 gc a gdtbfkac ta dfmb maktfokdr fk` rdmfp+

Fccaw tbd gdtbfkac ta sddp tbrauhb tbd smfac` ar 6 `+"xo/ Zdgavd dxtrf gdtbfkac fk` òspasd a ot ok f prapdr wfstd maktfokdr+ Prfksdr tbd maktfokdrs ta f :'cotdr jdfidr a

uctrfpurd wftdr "~5 maktfokdrs pdr : cotdrs a wftdr/+

1 trauJcdsBaatOkH"xoo/ ^cfmd tbd jdfidr ak f stor pcftd fk` stor+"xooo/ Mbfkhd tbd wftdr :”= togds f `fy ar :”= `+"xov/ Zdgavd tbd smfac`s rag tbd gac`s fk` rdpcfmd tbdg ok rdsb wftdr ar fk f`òtoakfc `fy+ ]mfac`s wotbaut

rdokarmdgdkt wocc jdhok ta eaft wbdk tbd sfct os rdgavd`+"xv/ ]tard smfac`s ok uctrfpurd wftdr ok 4>'gc tujds ft 0 ¾M uktoc kdd`d` ar usd "mfk jd stard` ar :”5 gaktbs/ ar `ry

tbd smfac`s fk` stard tbdg `ry ft raag tdgpdrfturd+"xvo/ Xbdk kdd`d` ar usd# mut tbdg ok wftdr ft `dsord` ògdksoaks fk` futamcfvd ta stdrocozd+ Xd suhhdst scomokh a tbd

tap fk` jattag cfydrs fk` òsmfròkh tbdg# fs tbd surfmd bfs f siok tbft os cdss paraus+

1 trauJcdsBaatOkH

1 trauJcdsBaatOkHPraujcdsbaatokh f`vomd mfk jd auk` ok tj :+

"maktokud`/

tfJcd : | Praujcdsbaatokh tfjcd+

s pjg so

64 "soci pramdssokh/ ]oci àds kat ossacvd ftdr 0 b

ok cotboug jrago`d "CoJr/

@o` yau fmmaukt ar tbd vacugd a CoJr wbdk prdpfrokh tbd ?+= G sacutoak1

O kat# f`` tbd fppraproftd fgaukt a CoJr+

@o` yau jaoc tbd mamaaks ok saòug mfrjakftd ar => gok1 O yau jaocd` ar f

sbartdr togd# yau gfy kdd` ta fccaw tbd soci ta ossacvd ok CoJr ar cakhdr+ Gfidkatd a tbd jaocokh togd fs jftmbds gfy vfry o tbd jaocokh togds frd odrdkt+

@o` yau paur tbd CoJr avdr tbd soci ojdrs1 O kat# yau wocc kdd` ta gox tbd

sacutoak ta dksurd maktfmt jdtwddk tbd soci fk` tbd CoJr sacutoak+ Jd surd ta

mavdr tbd jdfidr ta rdùmd dvfparftoak+

Mbdmi tbft tbd avdk os sdt ta 5> ¾M

CoJr fk` soci ojraok sacutoak os

kat fgjdr macard`

Mbfkhd ar mcdfk hcfsswfrd

:4F"oo/ "tujds/ ]oci wocc kat dvdkcy maft tbd

word fk` sdvdrfc jdf`s frd

prdsdkt fcakh tbd gfk`rdc

]oci os kat makmdktrftd` dkauhb# stard ft 0 ¾M ar f dw fys# mbdmi ot

pdroaòmfccy fs tbd soci wocc hdc o ot os stard` ar taa cakh



©:>66


pratamac

kfturd pratamacs | UAC+5 KA+6> | :>66 | 65:?

◁ tOGOkH]tdps 6”66# Eojraok dxtrfmtoak< :+4 b ta avdrkohbt "`fy 6/

]tdps 6:”64# @ossacvd soci ojraok< 0+4 b "`fy :/]tdps 65”:=# @ofcysos fk` mdktrouhftoak< 0? b "`fys :”0/]tdp :0F# Cyapbocozftoak< = `

]tdp :0J# Makmdktrftoak< :6”:4 b]tdp :4F# ^rdpfrftoak a òppd` tujds< : gok pdr tujd# pcus avdrkohbt `ry fk` 6 b safi]tdp :4J# ^rdpfrftoak a hdc'spuk tujds< 4 gok pdr tujd# pcus avdrkohbt `ry]tdp :4M# ^rdpfrftoak a vartdxd` hdcs< 6 `]tdp :4@# ^rdpfrftoak a sakomftd` hdcs< 6 `]tdp :4D# ^rdpfrftoak a dcdmtrahdcs< 64 gok

]tdp :4E# rdpfrftoak a pB hdcs< 6> gok]tdp :4H# ^rdpfrftoak a soci ocgs< : `]tdp :4B# Hdkdrftokh gac`s fk` mfstokh a pfttdrkd` soci ocgs< 5 b ar hdkdrftokh gac`s# : ` ar mfstokh]tdp :4O# ^rdpfrftoak a gomraspbdrds "@A^M/< 0+4 `]tdp :4L# rdpfrftoak a gomraspbdrds< : ]tdp :4I# Dcdmtraspokkokh< 6 `

tfJcd : | Praujcdsbaatokh tfjcd "maktokud`/+

s pjg so

:4F"ox/ "tujds/ Pujds mrfmi ftdr ryokh Pry f sacutoak a 8>$ "vac!vac/ gdtbfkac ok wftdr ar f`` gard cfydrs kdxt togd+

O tbd prajcdg maktokuds# accaw tbd pratamac# mfrduccy fccawokh tbd jdf` ta ha

up fk` awk tbd gfk`rdc+ Fcsa# fccaw 6> s ar gdtbfkac trdftgdkt fk` => s ar

tbd tujd ta `ry jdtwddk cfydrs

Cfrhd hfps frd prdsdkt ak tbd

tujds

Jujjcds frd prdsdkt ok tbd soci sacutoak+ Jd mfrduc kat ta okùmd jujjcds wbdk

popdttokh ar goxokh ok ^DA "o fppcomfjcd/+ @dhfs tbd sacutoak ok f vfmuug avdk

jdard usd

:4J"v/ "hdc

spokkokh/

Pbd soci hdc ojdr jdokh

wrfppd` frauk` tbd gfk`rdc

bfs jdf`s fcakh ot

O tbd ojdr os kat ukoarg fs ot os jdokh wrfppd` frauk` tbd gfk`rdc# ot wocc

rdsuct ok fk ukdvdk tujd+ Jdf`s fcakh tbd hdc ojdr okòmftd tbft tbd soci sacutoak

os kat makmdktrftd` dkauhb+ ]tard tbd sacutoak ft 0 ¾M ar f maupcd a fys jut

mbdmi ot pdroaòmfccy fs tbd soci wocc hdc o ot os stard` ar taa cakh

:4M"ov/ "vartdx hdcs/ Hdc wocc kat arg Uartdxokh togd fk fgpcotu`d gfy kdd ta jd f lustd dpdk okh ak tbd jftmb

a soci# fhd a tbd sacutoak fk` vacugd

:4@"ooo/ "sakomftd`

hdcs/

Hdc wocc kat arg ]akomftoak togd fk` fgpcotu d gfy kdd` ta jd f lustd` dpdkòkh ak tbd jftmb

a soci# fhd a tbd sacutoak fk` vacugd

:4D"ooo/

"dcdmtrahdcftd` hdcs/

Hdc wocc kat arg Hdcftoak togd gfy kdd` ta jd f`lustd dpdkòkh ak tbd jftmb a soci# fhd a

tbd sacutoak fk` vacugd+ Dcdmtrahdcftoak waris jdst ak soci sacutoaks tbft frd

fppraxogftdcy 6 wddi ac`

:4H"vo/ "tbok ocgs/ Eocgs wocc kat cot a a tbd

pcftd

Tsd kak”tossud mucturd”trdftd` osbds

:4L"ox/ "ÛF

gomraspbdrds/

Pbd ocg wocc kat magpcdtdcy

òssacvd ftdr => gok

]akomftd tbd sacutoak ar => s ft 64$ fgpcotu`d

:4C"o/#:4G"o/

"spakhds/

Xbdk sbotokh tbd sfct# tbdrd

frd vdry dw mrystfcs wotbok tbd

sozd rfkhd a oktdrdst

Pbd sodvd gfy jd mcahhd`+ Okvdrt tbd sodvd fk` try ta osca`hd pfrtomcds trfppd`

wotbok tbd gdsb

:4G"xo/ "BEO^'jfsd`

spakhds/

BEO^'jfsd` spakhds òssacvd`

wbocd ok wftdr

Gdtbfkac wfs kat fjcd ta pdkdtrftd prapdrcy+ Zdpdft jut dxtdk` tbd gdtbfkac

trdftgdkt togd

:4G"xvo/ "BEO^'

jfsd` spakhds/

BEO^'jfsd` spakhds bfvd vao`s

ok tbdg

Pry pusbokh tbd smfac`s awk ar mdktrouhd tbdg jdard ryokh



©:>66


pratamac

65=> | UAC+5 KA+6> | :>66 | kfturd pratamacs

]tdp :4C# ^rdpfrftoak a fqudaus'jfsd` spakhds< 4 `]tdp :4G# ^rdpfrftoak a BEO^'jfsd` spakhds< 2 `

fktOmOpftd@ rdsuctsDxpdmtd` autmagds ar tbd vfroaus aptoaks `dsmrojd` ok tbd ^ZAMD@TZD frd suggfrozd` ok tbd OKPZA@TMPOAK+

::+ Cavdtt# G+ dt fc+ ]oci jraok gomratujds ar jcaa` vdssdc dkhokddrokh+Joagftdrofcs :2# 4:86”4:8? ":>>8/+

:=+ Cavdtt# G+C+# Mfkkozzfra# M+G+# Uuklfi'Kavfiavom# H+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+Hdc spokkokh a soci tujds ar tossud dkhokddrokh+ Joagftdrofcs :?#054>”0548 ":>>2/+

:0+ Cavdtt# G+C+# Zamiwaa`# @+K+# Jfrysbyfk# F+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ ]ogpcdgaùcfr joardfmtars ar tossud dkhokddrokh< f systdg ar mbfrfmtdrozftoaka axyhdk hrfòdkts# bugfk gdsdkmbygfc stdg mdcc òdrdktoftoak# fk`

prdvfsmucfrozftoak+ Possud Dkh+ ^frt M Gdtba`s+ 65# 6454”648= ":>6>/+:4+ Iog# T+L+ dt fc+ ]trumturd fk` prapdrtods a soci by`rahdcs+

Joagfmragacdmucds 4# 825”8?: ":>>0/+

:5+ _umdc# P+# Mdjd# + % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Uartdx'okùmd` okldmtfjcd soci jraokby`rahdcs+ Joapbys+ L+ ?8# :>00”:>4> ":>>?/+

:8+ Xfkh# R+V+# Icuhd# L+F+# Cdosi# H+H+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ ]akomftoak'okùmd`

hdcftoak a soci jraok ar mdcc dkmfpsucftoak+ Joagftdrofcs :?# 6>40”6>50":>>2/+

:2+ Cdosi# H+H+# Ca# P+L+# _umdc# P+# Cu# V+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Dcdmtrahdcftoak ar

pratdok f`bdsovds+ F`v+ Gftdr+ ::# 866”864 ":>6>/+:?+ _umdc# P+# Ialom# K+# Cdosi# H+H+# Ca# P+L+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Kak'dquocojroug

soci jraok f`bdsovds+ L+ ]trumt+ Joac+ 68># 0>5”06: ":>6>/+

=>+ Bagfkk# ]+ dt fc+ ]oci jraok fs fk arhfkom pacygdr ar maktraccd` `ruh`dcovdry+ L+ Maktrac Zdcdfsd 666# :6?”::8 ":>>5/+

=6+ Cfwrdkmd# J+@+# Gfrmbfkt# L+I+# ôk rus# G+F+# Agdkdtta# E+H+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+

]oci cg joagftdrofcs ar markdf tossud dkhokddrokh+ Joagftdrofcs =>#6:??”6=>2 ":>>?/+

=:+ Lok# B+L+# ^fri# L+# Ufccuzzo# Z+# Mdjd# + % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Joagftdrofc cgs

a Jagjyx garo soci jraok wotb pacy"dtbycdkd axo`d/+ Joagfmragacdmucds 4#866”868 ":>>0/+

==+ Xfkh# R+ dt fc+ ]oci gomraspbdrds ar dkmfpsucftoak fk` maktraccd` rdcdfsd+

L+ Maktrac Zdcdfsd 668# =5>”=8> ":>>8/+=0+ Xfkh# R+V+# _umdc# P+# Cu# V+# Bu# R+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ ]oci kfkaspbdrds fk`

gomraspbdrds rag soci!pvf jcdk` cgs ar `ruh `dcovdry+ Joagftdrofcs =6#

6>:4”6>=4 ":>6>/+

=4+ Lok# B+L+# Ero`roib# ]+U+# Zutcd`hd# H+M+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ DcdmtraspokkokhJagjyx garo soci wotb pacy"dtbycdkd axo`d/+ Joagfmragacdmucds =#

6:==”6:=? ":>>:/+=5+ Co# M+# Udpfro# M+# Lok# B+'L+# Iog# B+L+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Dcdmtraspuk soci'

JG^': smfac`s ar jakd tossud dkhokddrokh+ Joagftdrofcs :8# =664”=6:0

":>>5/+=8+ Zamiwaa`# @+K+# Fioks# Z+D+# ^frrfh# O+M+# Xaa`bausd# I+F+ % Zfjact# L+E+

Mucturd ak dcdmtraspuk pacyurdtbfkd smfac`s `dmrdfsds ftrofc kftrourdtom

pdpto`d dxprdssoak jy mfròagyamytds ok votra+ Joagftdrofcs :?# 082=”08?6":>>2/+

=2+ Ifif`d# G+U+ dt fc+ Dcdmtrom dc` okùmd` arodktftoak a pacygdr mbfoks ok

gfmrasmapomfccy fcohkd` dcdmtraspuk pacygdr kfkajdrs+ L+ Fg+ Mbdg+ ]am+ 6:?#:888”:82: ":>>8/+

=?+ Iog# T+L+# ^fri# L+# Iog# B+L+# Xf`f# G+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Pbrdd'ògdksoakfc

fqudaus'`drovd` joagftdrofc smfac`s rag soci jraok+ Joagftdrofcs :5#:884”:824 ":>>4/+

0>+ Kfzfrav# Z+# Lok# B+L+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ âraus ='@ smfac`s rag

rdhdkdrftd` soci jraok+ Joagfmragacdmucds 4# 862”8:5 ":>>0/+06+ Zamiwaa`# @+K+ dt fc+ Okhrawtb a bugfk gdsdkmbygfc stdg mdccs okta

paraus soci pfrtomcd rdokarmd` soci magpasotd smfac`s< fk ok votra stu`y+

Fmtf Joagftdr+ 8# 600”646 ":>66/+0:+ \bfkh# R+B+# Zdfhfk# G+Z+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Dcdmtraspuk soci joagftdrofc

smfac`s ar rdhdkdrftovd gdòmokd+ F`v+ @ruh @dc+ Zdv+ 56# ?22”6>>5

":>>?/+0=+ Iog# B+L+# Iog# T+L+# Uuklfi'Kavfiavom# H+# Gok# J+B+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+

Okeudkmd a gfmraparaus pratdok smfac`s ak jakd tossud dkhokddrokh

rag jakd gfrraw stdg mdccs+ Joagftdrofcs :5# 000:”004: ":>>4/+00+ Bagfkk# ]+ dt fc+ Maktrac a ok votra tossud'dkhokddrd` jakd'coid

strumturds usokh bugfk gdsdkmbygfc stdg mdccs fk` paraus soci smfac`s+

Joagftdrofcs :2# 664:”665: ":>>8/+04+ Iog# B+L+ dt fc+ Jakd tossud dkhokddrokh wotb prdgokdrfcozd` soci smfac`s+

Jakd 0:# 6::5”6:=0 ":>>2/+

fmIkawcd@HGdkts Pbd futbars fmikawcd`hd tbd accawokh rdsdfrmbdrs ar tbdormaktrojutoaks ta tbdsd pratamacs< D+]+ Hoc# M+ Xottgdr# B+ L+ Iog# D+F+ rotmbfr`#R+ Xfkh# L+F+ Icuhd fk` E+ Agdkdtta+ Pbos wari wfs suppartd` jy tbd Kftoakfc Okstotutds a Bdfctb "^06 DJ>>:4:>‐Possud Dkhokddrokh Zdsaurmd Mdktdr/# tbd

Kftoakfc ]modkmd Eauk`ftoak fk` tbd For Earmd Aomd a ]modktoom Zdsdfrmb+

futBar maktrOJutOaks @+K+Z+# Z+M+^+# P+_+# R+X+ fk` G+C+C+ wratd tbd

gfkusmropt fk` @+C+I+ supdrvosd` fk` dòtd` tbd praldmt+

maGpdtOkH EOkfkmOfc Oktdrdsts Pbd futbars dmcfrd ka magpdtokh

eokfkmofc oktdrdsts+

ûjcosbd` akcokd ft bttp<!!www+kfturdpratamacs+mag!+

Zdprokts fk` pdrgossoaks okargftoak os fvfocfjcd akcokd ft bttp<!!www+kfturd+mag!rdprokts!ok`dx+btgc+

6+ Gurpby# F+Z+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Joagdòmfc fppcomftoaks a mbdgomfccy'gaòd` soci jraok+ L+ Gft+ Mbdg+ 6?# 500=”504> ":>>?/+

:+ Gurpby# F+Z+# Labk# +]+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Gaòmftoak a soci jraok usokh

òfzakoug maupcokh mbdgostry fk` tbd ddmts ak bG]M pracodrftoak fk`òdrdktoftoak+ Joagftdrofcs :?# :2:?”:2=2 ":>>2/+

=+ Xdki# D+ dt fc+ Pbd usd a sucakftd` soci jraok `drovftovds ta maktrac jokòkh#

`dcovdry fk` patdkmy a EHE': ok tossud rdhdkdrftoak+ Joagftdrofcs =6#60>=”606= ":>6>/+

0+ Udpfro# M+# Gftbdsak# @+# @ruggy# C+# Kfoi# Z+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ ]urfmd

gaòmftoak a soci jraok wotb pacy"dtbycdkd hcymac/ ar fktof`bdsoak fk`fktotbragjatom fppcomftoaks+ L+ Joagd`+ Gft+ Zds+ F ?=f# 4?4”5>5 ":>6>/+

4+ ]af# ]+# GmMfrtby# G+J+# Hrakawomz# H+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Eukmtoakfcozd` soci'

jfsd` joagftdrofcs ar jakd argftoak+ L+ Joagd`+ Gft+ Zds+ 40# 6=?”602":>>6/+

5+ Udpfro# M+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ ]oci fs f joagftdrofc+ ^rah+ âcy+ ]mo+ =:#

??6”6>>8 ":>>8/+8+ Mrfoh# M+ % Zodidc# M+ Magpfrftovd frmbotdmturd a socis# jraus pratdoks

fk` tbdor dkmaòkh hdkds ok oksdmts fk` spo`drs+ Magp+ Mbdg+ ^bysoac+J Joambdg+ Gac+ Joac+ 6==# 0?=”4>8 ":>>:/+

2+ Agdkdtta# E+H+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Kdw appartukotods ar fk fkmodkt gftdrofc+]modkmd =:?# 4:2”4=6 ":>6>/+

?+ Fctgfk# H+B+ dt fc+ ]oci'jfsd` joagftdrofcs+ Joagftdrofcs :0# 0>6”065 ":>>=/+6>+ Barfk# Z+C+ dt fc+ Ok votra `dhrf`ftoak a soci jraok+ Joagftdrofcs :5#

==24”==?= ":>>4/+

66+ ^fri# ]+B+ dt fc+ Zdcftoaksbops jdtwddk `dhrf`fjocoty a soci smfac`s fkàstdahdkdsos+ Joagftdrofcs =6# 565:”568: ":>6>/+

6:+ Gdokdc# C+ dt fc+ Pbd okefggftary rdspaksds ta soci cgs ok votra fk`

ok vova+ Joagftdrofcs :5# 608”644 ":>>4/+6=+ Xrfy# C+]+# Bu# R+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Ddmt a pramdssokh ak soci'jfsd`

joagftdrofcs< rdpraùmojocoty fk` joamagpftojocoty+ L+ Joagd + Gftdr+ Zds+ J

Fppc+ Joagftdr+ pujcosbd` akcokd# ào<6>+6>>:!ljg+j+=6284 ":6 Lukd :>66/+60+ Iog# @+'B+ dt fc+ @ossacvfjcd cgs a soci jraok ar uctrftbok makargfc

joa'oktdhrftd` dcdmtrakoms+ Kft+ Gftdr+ ?# 466”468 ":>6>/+

64+ Dtodkkd# A+ dt fc+ ]at tossud fuhgdktftoak usokh soci hdcs< fk ok votra fkòk vova stu`y+ L+ ^droaàkt+ 2># 624:”6242 ":>>?/+65+ Xfkh# _+ dt fc+ Ok vova `dhrf`ftoak a tbrdd'ògdksoakfc soci jraok

smfac`s+ Joagftdrofcs :?# =064”=0:2 ":>>2/+68+ Gdokdc# C+ dt fc+ ]oci jfsd` joagftdrofcs ta bdfc mrotomfc sozd` dgur

`ddmts+ Jakd =?# ?::”?=6 ":>>5/+

62+ Bu# R+ dt fc+ Zdhucftoak a soci gftdrofc strumturd jy tdgpdrfturd'maktraccd`wftdr vfpar fkkdfcokh+ Joagfmragacdmucds 6:# 6525”65?5 ":>66/+

6?+ Bu# R+# Cu# V+# Ifpcfk# @+C+ % Mdjd# + Gomrapbfsd sdpfrftoak maktraccd`

jdtf'sbddt mrystfccozftoak iokdtoms ok jraus pratdoks+ Gfmragacdmucds 0:#:>8?”:>28 ":>>?/+

:>+ ]ukh# K+'_+ dt fc+ Ddmt a hfggf orrfòftoak ak tbd strumturfc fk`

pbysoacahomfc prapdrtods a soci jraok+ Eaa` ]mo+ Joatdmbkac+ 62# ::2”:==":>>?/+

:6+ Ialtbukh# F+ dt fc+ Ddmt a hfggf rfòftoak ak joa`dhrf`ftoak a

Jagjyx garo soci jraok+ Okt+ Joa`dtdroar+ Joa`dhrf`+ 5:# 028”0?> ":>>2/+



©:>66


pratamac

05+ Iog# B+L+ dt fc+ Jakd rdhdkdrftoak ak gfmraparaus fqudaus'`drovd` soci='@ smfac`s+ Gfmragac+ Joasmo+ 8# 50=”544 ":>>8/+

08+ Bagfkk# ]+ dt fc+ Mfrtocfhd'coid tossud dkhokddrokh usokh soci smfac`sfk` gdsdkmbygfc stdg mdccs+ Possud Dkh+ 6:# :8:?”:8=2 ":>>5/+

02+ Pohco# Z+]+ dt fc+ Magpfrftovd mbak`rahdkdsos a bugfk mdcc saurmds ok =@

smfac`s+ L+ Poss+ Dkh+ Zdhdk+ Gd`+ =# =02”=5> ":>>?/+0?+ Xfkh# _+\+# Jcfsoaco# @+L+# Iog# B+L+# Iog# B+]+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Mfrtocfhd

tossud dkhokddrokh wotb soci smfac`s fk` bugfk frtomucfr mbak`ramytds+

Joagftdrofcs :8# 00=0”000: ":>>5/+

4>+ Xfkh# _+\+# Iog# T+L+# Jcfsoaco# @+L+# Iog# B+L+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Ok votra mfrtocfhd tossud dkhokddrokh wotb =@ paraus fqudaus'`drovd` soci smfac`s

fk` gdsdkmbygfc stdg mdccs+ Joagftdrofcs :5# 8>2:”8>?0 ":>>4/+46+ Hbasb# ]+# Cfbf# G+# Gak`fc# ]+# ]dkhuptf# ]+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Ok votra

ga`dc a gdsdkmbygfc mak`dksftoak ùrokh mbak`rahdkom `dvdcapgdkt+

Joagftdrofcs =># 54=>”540> ":>>?/+4:+ Gfukdy# L+Z+ dt fc+ Dkhokddrokh fòpasd'coid tossud ok votra fk` ok vova

utocozokh bugfk jakd gfrraw fk` fòpasd'`drovd` gdsdkmbygfc stdg mdccs

wotb soci jraok =@ smfac`s+ Joagftdrofcs :2# 4:2>”4:?> ":>>8/+4=+ Hoc# D+]+# ^fri# ]+B+# Gfrmbfkt# L+# Agdkdtta# E+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Zdspaksd

a bugfk markdfc jrajcfsts ak soci cg surfmd pfttdrks+ Gfmragac+

Joasmo+ 6># 550”58= ":>6>/+40+ ]adr# C+ dt fc+ ]oci'jfsd` dcdmtraspuk tujucfr smfac`s ar tossud'

dkhokddrd` vfsmucfr hrfts+ L+ Joagft+ ]mo+' âcy+ D`+ 6?# 54=”550 ":>>2/+

44+ \bfkh# R+B+# Jfuhbgfk# M+J+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Ok votra dvfcuftoak a dcdmtraspuk soci jraok smfac`s ar vfsmucfr mdcc hrawtb+ Joagftdrofcs :?#::68”:::8 ":>>2/+

45+ \bfkh# R+B+ dt fc+ @ykfgom mucturd makòtoaks ta hdkdrftd soci'jfsd`tossud'dkhokddrd` vfsmucfr hrfts+ Joagftdrofcs =># =:6=”=::= ":>>?/+

48+ Bausd# G+# ]fkmbdz# M+M+# Zomd# X+C+# ]amrftd# ]+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ Mdrvomfc tossud

dkhokddrokh usokh soci smfac`s fk` bugfk mdrvomfc mdccs+ Possud Dkh+ ^frt F 65#:6>6”:66: ":>6>/+

42+ ]mbkdo`dr# F+# Xfkh# R+_+# Ifpcfk# @+C+# Hfrcomi# L+F+ % Dhcds# M+

Joaukmtoakfcozd` dcdmtraspuk soci gfts fs f tapomfc joafmtovd `rdssokh arfmmdcdrftd` wauk` bdfcokh+ Fmtf Joagftdr+ 4# :48>”:482 ":>>?/+

4?+ Xbfrrfg# ]+D+# \bfkh# R+B+# Ifpcfk# @+C+ % GmMfrtby# ]+ + Dcdmtraspuk socigftdrofc systdgs ar wauk` bdfcokh+ Gfmragac+ Joasmo+ 6># :05”:48

":>6>/+5>+ Gardfu# L+D+ dt fc+ Possud'dkhokddrd` jakd sdrvds fs f tfrhdt ar

gdtfstfsos a bugfk jrdfst mfkmdr ok f gausd ga`dc+ Mfkmdr Zds+ 58#

6>=>0”6>=>2 ":>>8/+56+ Xfkh# R+C+ dt fc+ F magpcdx =@ bugfk tossud mucturd systdg jfsd` ak

gfggfry stragfc mdccs fk` soci smfac`s ar ga`dcokh jrdfst

garpbahdkdsos fk` ukmtoak+ Joagftdrofcs =6# =?:>”=?:? ":>6>/+

5:+ Xfkh# R+C+ dt fc+ ^rdfòpamytds stogucftd ùmtfc garpbahdkdsos fkùkmtoakfc òdrdktoftoak a bugfk gfggfry dpotbdcofc mdccs ak =@ soci

smfac`s+ Possud Dkh+ ^frt F 64# =>28”=>?2 ":>>?/+5=+ ]ujrfgfkofk# J+ dt fc+ Possud'dkhokddrd` tbrdd'ògdksoakfc ok votra ga`dcs

ar kargfc fk` òsdfsd` io`kdy+ Possud Dkh+ ^frt F 65# :2:6”:2=6 ":>6>/+

50+ Fctgfk# H+B+ dt fc+ ]oci gftrox ar tossud dkhokddrd` fktdroar mrumoftdcohfgdkts+ Joagftdrofcs :=# 06=6”0606 ":>>:/+

54+ Gardfu# L+D+# Jrfgaka# @+]+# Barfk# Z+C+# Ifpcfk# @+C+ % Fctgfk# H+B+

]dqudktofc joambdgomfc fk` gdmbfkomfc stogucftoak ok tbd `dvdcapgdkt a tossud'dkhokddrd` cohfgdkts+ Possud Dkh+ ^frt F 60# 6656”668: ":>>2/+

55+ Lofkh# R+V+ dt fc+ Gfkòjucfr rdpfor ok rfts wotb prdgokdrfcozd` soci

smfac`s fk` JG^':'gaòd` jG]Ms+ Joagftdrofcs =># 04::”04=:":>>?/+

58+ \bfa# L+ dt fc+ Fpftotd'maftd` soci jraok smfac`s ta bdfcokh gfkòjucfr

jar`dr `ddmts ok mfkokds+ Jakd 04# 468”4:8 ":>>?/+52+ ^rotmbfr`# D+G+# ]zyjfcf# M+# Jaosak# @+ % Ifpcfk# @+C+ ]oci jraok

dkmfpsucftd` paw`dr rdsdrvaors ar sustfokd` rdcdfsd a f`dkasokd+

L+ Maktrac Zdcdfsd 600# 64?”658 ":>6>/+5?+ ]zyjfcf# M+ dt fc+ Fktodpocdptom ddmts a soci'pacygdr jfsd` f`dkasokd

rdcdfsd ok iok`cd` rfts+ Dxp+ Kdurac+ :6?# 6:5”6=4 ":>>?/+

8>+ Xocz# F+ dt fc+ ]oci pacygdr'jfsd` f`dkasokd rdcdfsd< tbdrfpdutom patdktofc ar dpocdpsy+ Joagftdrofcs :?# =5>?”=565 ":>>2/+

86+ Xfkh# R+V+ dt fc+ Hrawtb fmtar hrfòdkts vof gomraspbdrd `dcovdry ok

joapacygdr smfac`s ar astdambak`rfc tossud dkhokddrokh+ L+ Maktrac

Zdcdfsd 6=0# 26”?> ":>>?/+

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