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T H E C E R A M I C E X P E R T S
ROCAR® Silicon CarbideSpecial materials
for equipment and machinery
Mechanical Systems Division
2
Shroud application in magnetic clutch pumpswithout shaft seals
Classifier wheel for abrasive materials such as pigments
Seal rings for pumps, compressors andagitators
ROCAR® Silicon Carbide – A material for special applications
Silicon carbide (SiC) belongs to the group
of non-oxide ceramics and is one of the hardest
materials in existence. It owes its extreme
hardness to the covalent bonds between the
silicon and carbon atoms. These strong bonds also
account for its high modulus of elasticity and
extremely low thermal expansion. Silicon carbide
displays high thermal conductivity. This is
accompanied by high, almost constant strength
over a wide temperature range coupled with low
density. Its resistance to chemical and thermal
stressing makes it suitable for use in aggressive
media (acids and weak alkalis) at elevated
temperatures and with simultaneous tribological
loading. As a semiconductive substance, silicon
carbide also has special electrical properties.
Silicon carbide has a number of
outstanding properties:
• High temperature resistance• Corrosion resistance• Excellent thermal conductivity• Low thermal expansion• High strength over a wide temperature
range• Low density
Silicon carbide is the starting material for
high-performance ceramics in tribological
applications.
3
Threaded nozzle for gases and liquids incorrosive media
Various tubes for aggressive media
Measuring wheel for measuring waste gasvalues
With its outstanding properties, sil icon
carbide is the optimal material for demanding
applications in equipment and machinery. It is
also superior to many other materials and is key
to many solutions. In highly reliable processes,
we produce high-precision components – ranging
from seal rings and bearings in a variety of
diameters to nozzles with complex geometries –
for users all over the world.
ROCAR® – Silicon-Infiltrated (SiSiC) and
Sintered Silicon Carbide (SSiC)
SiSiC is a silicon-infiltrated silicon carbide
with a three-dimensional matrix structure in
which the remaining pore cavities are filled
with metallic silicon. It is precisely this matrix
structure that gives the material its outstanding
mechanical properties and resistance to wear.
Owing to its extremely low shrinkage during
firing, it can be made into large and complex
components with low tolerances. However,
because of the melting point of metallic silicon,
its application range is l imited to roughly
1,350 °C. As a result of its metallic silicon, it
cannot be used in strongly alkaline media.
Here it is better to use sintered silicon carbide
(SSiC), which is resistant to all chemical media.
Unlike SiSiC, SSiC consists solely of silicon
carbide without metall ic si l icon. In order
to achieve functional dimensions with low
tolerances, however, its higher shrinkage
demands additional hard machining.
4
ROCAR® Silicon Carbide aboard ship. Seal rings with a 900 mm outer diameter keep thepropulsion system of the Queen Mary 2 runningsmoothly. Their production from a monolithicblock is made possible by a technology usedonly by CeramTec.
surface’s topography. In the event of short-term
dry running or stressing from dry and mixed
friction, the strength of the grain boundaries is
sufficient to prevent damage. This combined
with ROCAR® Silicon Carbide’s good emergency
running properties yields extremely reliable and
low-maintenance solutions.
Our thorough understanding of materials and
applications has made us one of the world’s
leading specialists in the use of silicon carbide.
We achieve excellent results in product and
systems designed with ROCAR® by cooperating
closely with our customers and by making use of
our intelligent ceramic engineering. You can
count on our advice and on our knowledge of
systems integration and joining technology.
Tribological application
A typical application for ROCAR® components
is dynamic sealing with slide bearings and face
seal rings, e.g. in pump and drive systems. This is
where ROCAR® Silicon Carbide yields a more
economic solution than metals and has several-
times the service l ife, even when used in
aggressive and high-temperature media.
Establishing a sustainable lubricant film between
the sl iding components is ensured by the
Use of face and other seal rings made of ROCAR® SiliconCarbide in pump engineering
ROCAR® Silicon Carbide – A material for tough conditions
5
ROCAR® Silicon Carbide components for industrial applications
Components made of ROCAR® Silicon Carbide are employed, for instance, in chemicalinstallations, mills, expanders and extruders, and as nozzles
For use in the food sector, ROCAR® Silicon Carbide’stoxicologically safety is essential
Wear applications
Material consumption due to high thermal
loads, friction, wear and corrosion is a high
cost factor in many industrial installations. As a
result of the demanding environment and
unherent stresses in machinary for the food
industry, chemical installations, and turbine and
heat technology, metal components can quickly
reach their limits. Thanks to its exceptional
hardness, wear resistance and good thermal
conductivity, ROCAR® Silicon Carbide is the ideal
material. Corrosion, abrasion and fluid erosion
are controlled just as effectively as frictional
wear. It can be used in the food sector thanks to
its toxicological safety.
6
g/cm3
DIN EN 623-2
Vol. [%] MPa
DIN EN 843-1
MPa
DIN 51067T1
GPa
DINV ENV 843-2
DINV ENV 843-4
MPa m1/2
DIN 51109
DINV ENV 843-5
DINV ENV 843-2
1)HV 0.2 1200 (Si) / 2700 (SiC) 2)None of the materials have open porosity (water absorption: 0%)
CD 101
ROCAR® ST
ROCAR® S
ROCAR® SiG
ROCAR® SiF
SiC-ZrB2
SSiC
SSiC
SiSiC
SiSiC
3.26
3.11
3.15
3.07
3.07
2
2
2
0
0
330
400
410
340
350
2,000
2,200
3,500
3,500
3,500
415
420
430
380
395
2,750
2,500
2,300
two-phase 1)
two-phase1)
3.8
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.0
8
> 8
> 10
> 14
> 14
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.17
Units
Test Specification
Sil
ico
n c
arb
ide
Mechanical PropertiesGeneral CharacterisitcsMaterial Characteristics
Trad
e N
ame
Bulk
den
sity
Poro
sity
(clo
sed)
2)
appr
oxim
ate
Flex
ural
str
engt
h
at 2
0 0 C
Com
pres
sive
str
engt
h
You
ng’s
mod
ulus
Vic
kers
har
dnes
s H
V 0
.5
Frac
ture
tou
ghne
ss K
IC
Wei
bull
mod
ulus
Pois
son’
s ra
tio
Mat
eria
l
ROCAR® Silicon Carbide – Engineered quality and outstanding properties
The outstanding characteristics of our materials and
their applications have been continuously optimized in our
laboratories, thus enhancing our technological edge. Today,
we have fully mature and cost-effective development and
production technologies at our disposal.
On the basis of a quality system conforming to QS 9000
and ISO 9001, we operate with state-of-the-art quality
management techniques. With the aid of mature processes
and monitored procedures, we produce high-volume series
to customer specification with the same precision as sample
parts.
10-6 K-1
DIN EN 821-1
10-6 K-1
DIN EN 821-1
10-6 K-1
DIN EN 821-1
10-6 K-1
DIN EN 821-1
KJ/kgK
DINV ENV 821-3
KJ/kgK
DINV ENV 821-3
Ω cm
IEC 672-1
Ω cm
IEC 672-1
0C
DINV ENV 820-3
IEC 672-1
IEC 672-1
kV/mm
IEC 672-1
Ω cm
IEC 672-1
0C 0CW/mK
DIN EN 821-2
Rubalit® A1996 – ROCAR® S
ROCAR® Si – ROCAR® Si
ROCAR® S – ROCAR® S
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
2 4 6 8 10 t
Friction coefficient µ
Low-wear
400 800 1,200 1,600 2,000 2,400
Indexes and parameters for ceramic substancesIn order to profile ceramic substances certain parameters are indicated. The crystalline nature of these substances,
statistical fluctuations in the composition of the substances and in the factors that impact on the production processes indicate that the figures quoted are typically mean values and hence the substance parameters quoted
100
100
115
115
120
3.5
3.6
3.0
3.4
3.8
3.5
4.0
3.6
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.4
4.1
4.4
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.9
4.9
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
–
–
–
1.3
1.3
3·104
5·107
1·103
< 1
< 1
1·102
10
< 10
1·102
1·102
29 (1 MHz)
–
2·10-2 (9 GHz)
–
2·10-1 (9 GHz)
1,400
1,400
1,500
1,350
1,350
1,800
1,800
1,800
1,350
1,350
Thermal and Electrical Properties
Ther
mal
con
duct
ivity
at 2
0–1
00 0 C
Line
ar t
herm
al e
xpan
sion
coef
ficie
nt 2
0–20
0 0 C
Line
ar t
herm
al e
xpan
sion
coef
ficie
nt 2
0–40
0 0 C
Line
ar t
herm
al e
xpan
sion
coef
ficie
nt 2
0–60
0 0 C
Line
ar t
herm
al e
xpan
sion
coef
ficie
nt 2
0–1,
000
0 C
Resi
stiv
ity a
t 20
0 C
Resi
stiv
ity a
t 40
0 0 C
Resi
stiv
ity a
t 80
0 0 C
Die
lect
ric s
tren
gth
Spec
ific
heat
Cp
20–1
00 0 C
Spec
ific
heat
Cp
1,00
0 0 C
Die
lect
ric c
onst
ant
Die
lect
ric lo
ss f
acto
r
Ther
mal
sho
ck r
esis
tanc
e
Max
imum
usa
ge
tem
pera
ture
•in
oxi
dizi
ngat
mos
pher
e
•in
red
ucin
g or
iner
tat
mos
pher
e
Wear: Low/high-range relationship – comparison of various materials
Silicon carbide
Silicon carbide is extremely hard and displays excellent
corrosion and thermal shock resistance. Its outstanding sliding
properties and high thermal conductivity make it the ideal
tribological partner.
SSiC
SSiC is resistant to all chemical media. Since no metallic
silicon is present in the matrix, it can be used at tempera-
tures up to 1,600 °C without impaired strength. Our
ROCAR® ST is remarkable for its excellent volume-production
axial dry-press performance which, in turn, results in process
reliability combined with lower production costs.
SiSiC
In SiSiC, the pore cavit ies are fi l led with metall ic
silicon. Since shrinkage during firing is minimal, complex
components can be produced with low tolerances. Its
maximum application temperature is 1,350 °C. However,
it is not suitable for use in highly alkaline media because
of its content of metallic silicon.
Friction coefficient µ
Tribological conditions in a disc/disc system: comparison of various material pairs
WearRv
Low-range
High-rangeSteel
Aluminium oxide
Silicon carbide
feldspar steel SiO2 Al 2 O3 SiCHardness Hv
8
Ra 0,042 µm
Rk 0,110 µm
Rpk 0,033 µm
Rvk 0,126 µm
Ra 0,027 µm
Rk 0,075 µm
Rpk 0,017 µm
Rvk 0,069 µm
Ra 0,068 µm
Rk 0,166 µm
Rpk 0,047 µm
Rvk 0,194 µm
Ra 0,021 µm
Rk 0,055 µm
Rpk 0,022 µm
Rvk 0,052 µm
100 µm
100 µm
100 µm100 µm
100 µm100 µm
100 µm
100 µm
Ra 0,019 µm
Rk 0,030 µm
Rpk 0,010 µm
Rvk 0,084 µm
100 µm 100 µm
+ = no corrosion (+) = possible corrosion 0 = corrosion appears
MediumConcentration
in % 20 0C 50 0C 50 0C20 0CSSiCSiSiC
50 0C20 0CSSiCConcentration
in % 20 0C 50 0CSiSiC
Corrosion Resistance of SiSic and SSiC
acetonealuminium chlorideformic acidammoniaammonium chlorideammonium fluorideammonium nitratebenzolboric acidcalcium oxidecitric acidchromosulphuric acidiron trichlorideiron (II)-sulphateglacial aceric acidethanolethylacetatehydrofluoric acidhydrofluoric + nitric acidureapotassium hydroxidepotassium hydroxidepotassium chloridepotassium chromatepotassium nitratepotassium permanganateaqua regiacopper-II-chloridecopper-II-sulphatelithium hydroxidemagnesium sulphatemethanol
concentrated10concentratedconcentrated252050concentratedcold sat. solutioncold sat. solution50concentrated4525concentratedconcentratedconcentratedconcentrated, 40concentrated, 3:1cold sat. solution3020cold sat. solution35205concentrated, 3:14020104concentrated
+++++(+)+++++++++++(+)0+0
(+)++++++++++
+++(+)+0+++++++++++00+00+++++++(+)++
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Medium
++++++++++++++++++(+)+(+)0++++++++++
mixed acidsodium carbonatesodium chloridesodium flouridesodium hypochloridesodium metaboratesodium peroxidesodium phosphatesodium sulphidesodium thiosulphatesodium hydroxidesodium hydroxideoleic acidoxalic acidphosphoric acidphcalicpropionic acidmercury nitratenitrid acidhydrochloric acidfuming sulphuric acidsulphuric acidsulphuric acidsulphurous acidsilver nitratetetrachlor ethylenecarbon tetrachlortetrafluorboric acidhydrogen peroxidetartaric acidzinc chloride
concentrated, 1:115cold sat. solution412,5% free Cl20101050401030concentratedcold sat. solutionconcentrated, 85alcoholic solutionconcentrated10concentrated, 65concentrated, 3630 free SO3concentrated, 98505-6 free SO2
10concentratedconcentratedconcentrated301060
++++++++++(+)0+++++++++++++++(+)+++
+++(+)++++++00+++++++++++++++(+)+++
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
++++++++++(+)0+++++++++++++++++++
in this brochure are only standard, recommended or guide values that might differ given dissimilar dimensions andproduction processes.
Roughness measurement
according to prescribedmethod for the mainapplication
MicrostructureSurface
9
We have optimized the production process
for the various materials over the years and
attained a high standard of reliability. Thanks
to our mastery of all production technologies,
we are capable of producing components made
of SiSiC up to approx. 900 mm diameter and
a length of 950 mm. SSiC components are
limited to a diameter of 550 mm and a length
of 420 mm.
We achieve optimal results in product and
system design by cooperating closely with our
customers and by making use of our intelligent
ceramics engineering. As a result we can
minimize production costs from the outset. Test
specimens and prototypes are produced and
tested in our laboratory-scale pilot plant and
developed through to series maturity.
Body preparation
Dry pressing Coking
Green machining
SiSiC
Siliconizing
in a vacuum
Sand-blasting
Hard machining
(grinding, lapping, polishing)
Sintering
SSiC
Turning/cutting
Isostatic
dry pressing
Small quantity/
special components
ROCAR® Silicon Carbide – Production processes
High volume series
T H E C E R A M I C E X P E R T S ST•E
•1.
000
•60
10•
echo
lot•
Prin
ted
in G
erm
any
CeramTec AG Innovative Ceramic Engineering
Mechanical Systems DivisionLuitpoldstraße 15
D-91207 LaufPhone: +49 9123 77-199
+49 9123 77-493Fax: +49 9123 77-464
e-mail: [email protected]
Our subsidiaries:
France
CeramTec AGInnovative Ceramic EngineeringBureau de Représentation en France51, rue Pierre92110 ClichyFrancePhone: +33 1 309000-80Fax: +33 1 309000-23e-mail: [email protected]
Great Britain
CeramTec UK Ltd.Sidmouth Road ColytonDevon EX24 6JPEnglandPhone: +44 1297 552707Fax: +44 1297 553325e-mail: [email protected]
Italy
CeramTec Commerciale ItalianaVia Campagnola, 4024124 BergamoItalyPhone: +39 035 322382Fax: +39 035 4243200e-mail: [email protected]
Scandinavia
CeramTec, Innovative Ceramic Engineering,Scandinavian Sales OfficeKlippan 1J41451 Göteborg SwedenPhone: +46 31 1248-00 Fax: +46 31 1248-03e-mail: [email protected]
Spain and Portugal
CeramTec Ibérica,Innovative CeramicEngineering, S.L.Santa Marta, 23-2508340 Vilassar de Mar (Barcelona) SpainPhone: +34 93 750-6560Fax: +34 93 750-1812e-mail: [email protected]
Czech Republic
CeramTec Czech Republic s.r.o.Z̆erotínova 6278701 S̆umperkCzech RepublicPhone: +420 583 369-111Fax: +420 583 369-190e-mail: [email protected]
USA
CeramTec North America Corp.One Technology PlaceLaurens, SC 29360USAPhone: +1 800 8459761Fax: +1 864 682 1120e-mail: [email protected]
China
Suzhou CeramTec High-Tech Ceramics Co., Ltd.72 Loujiang RoadKuatang Sub-district SIP215122 Suzhou CityPR ChinaPhone: +86 512 6274-0788Fax: +86 512 6274-5928e-mail: [email protected]
Malaysia
CeramTec AG, Innovative Ceramic Engineering, (M) Sdn. Bhd.Lot 17, Lorong Bunga Tanjung 3/1Senawang Industrial ParkNegeri Sembilan70400 Seremban MalaysiaPhone: +60 6 677-9300, +60 6 677-9861 Fax: +60 6 677-9388e-mail: [email protected]
Our agencies:
Taiwan
HERR CORPORATION6F-11. No 22 Wu.chuan 2nd RoadHSIN · CHUANG CityTaipei TaiwanPhone: +886 2 2992244Fax: +886 2 2992020e-mail: [email protected]
Korea
Olive CorporationHanshin Hue 104–304Sangok-Dong 204-1Bupyung-Ku Incheon, KoreaPhone: +82 32 5165221Fax: +82 32 5215221e-mail: [email protected]
