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Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences NASA/Johnson Space Center with thanks to Dennis Wells Automation, Robotics, and Simulation Division https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060053213 2020-07-06T20:33:19+00:00Z

Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

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Page 1: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

Rob

ots i

n Sp

ace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal A

spec

ts

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

NA

SA/J

ohns

on S

pace

C

ente

r

with

than

ks to

Den

nis W

ells

A

utom

atio

n, R

obot

ics,

and

Sim

ulat

ion

Div

isio

n

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060053213 2020-07-06T20:33:19+00:00Z

Page 2: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

2

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

Purp

ose

•Pu

tting

hum

ans

in s

pace

is a

n ex

pens

ive,

som

etim

es

risky

end

eavo

r.•

Our

goa

l is

to e

nhan

ce th

e ro

le o

f hum

ans

in s

pace

by

deve

lopi

ng a

uton

omou

s sy

stem

s th

at s

uppo

rt h

uman

fu

nctio

ns in

orb

it an

d on

pla

neta

ry s

urfa

ces.

Page 3: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

3

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

Visi

on

•W

e ar

e de

velo

ping

tech

nolo

gies

that

allo

w h

uman

s to

do

wha

t the

y ar

e be

st a

t–

Allo

w s

cien

ce m

issi

ons

to fo

cus

near

ly a

ll sc

ient

ist t

ime

on

perf

orm

ing

expe

rimen

ts a

nd ‘d

oing

’ sci

ence

–R

educ

e or

elim

inat

e cr

ew ti

me

spen

t on

keep

ing

hum

ans

aliv

e an

d th

eir ‘

hous

ehol

d’ fu

nctio

ning

–D

evel

op a

uton

omou

s sy

stem

s w

hich

per

form

rout

ine

oper

atio

ns

asso

ciat

ed w

ith m

onito

ring,

insp

ectio

n, m

aint

enan

ce, r

epai

r, et

c.

Page 4: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

4

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

Cur

rent

Rob

ots

in S

pace

•Pl

anet

ary

Prob

es•

Plan

etar

y R

over

s•

Spac

e Sh

uttle

Arm

(R

emot

e M

anip

ulat

or

Syst

em o

r RM

S)•

Spac

e St

atio

n A

rm

(SSR

MS)

Page 5: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

5

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

Cur

rent

Rob

ots

in S

pace

•R

over

s ha

ve s

how

n ho

w ro

botic

sys

tem

s ca

n w

ork

with

out a

hu

man

pre

senc

e to

ex

plor

e ne

w

envi

ronm

ents

.

Page 6: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

6

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

Cur

rent

Rob

ots

in S

pace

•R

obot

s ar

e al

so

impo

rtan

t for

hel

ping

hu

man

s w

ork

in s

pace

.

Page 7: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

7

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

Gro

und

Bas

ed R

obot

s

•G

roun

d ba

sed

robo

ts a

re

used

to tr

ain

astr

onau

ts

how

to u

se th

e ro

bots

in

spac

e.•

Thes

e ar

e ve

ry s

peci

al

syst

ems

desi

gned

to

wor

k in

Ear

th’s

gra

vity

, bu

t stil

l act

like

the

on-

orbi

t sys

tem

.

Page 8: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

8

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

AER

Cam

•A

uton

omou

s Ext

rave

hicu

lar

Rob

otic

CA

Mer

a•

Con

cept

Des

crip

tion

–Fr

ee-f

lyin

g ro

botic

pla

tfor

m fo

r vi

sual

and

non

-vis

ual

sens

ing

–C

old

gas p

ropu

lsio

n–

Tel

eope

rate

d or

aut

omat

ed

•A

ER

Cam

Spr

int f

light

test

–IS

S R

isk

Miti

gatio

n E

xper

imen

t on

STS-

87 (

Nov

97)

–M

ostly

tele

oper

ated

, aut

onom

ous a

ttitu

de a

nd sa

fing

•Fu

ture

app

licat

ion

to IS

S–

Inte

rcha

ngea

ble

sens

or c

arri

er c

apab

ility

–E

xter

nally

mou

nted

with

rec

harg

e ca

pabi

lity

–Se

lf-de

ploy

from

hom

e ba

se–

Nav

igat

e to

reg

ion

of in

tere

st w

hile

avo

idin

g co

llisi

ons

Page 9: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

9

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

AER

Cam

Ass

embl

yEn

viro

nmen

tal t

estin

g

Page 10: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

10

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

AER

Cam

Trai

ning

and

Che

ckou

tIn

tegr

atio

n

Page 11: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

11

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

Page 12: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

12

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

Page 13: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

13

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

Rot

atin

g B

ladd

er R

obot

(RO

BLR

)

•C

once

pt d

escr

iptio

n–

Hea

vy p

aylo

ad tr

ansp

ort o

ver r

ough

Mar

s te

rrai

n w

ith li

ttle

supe

rvis

ion

•K

ey C

hara

cter

istic

s–

Unm

anne

d–

Use

s M

ars

air

–Li

ghtw

eigh

t–

Payl

oad

is h

ub–

Mov

es b

y bl

adde

rin

flatio

n/de

flatio

n(m

ovin

g fla

t spo

t)

Page 14: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

14

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

RO

BLR

Con

cept

Dem

onst

rato

r

Page 15: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

15

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

RO

BLR

Test

Page 16: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

16

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

DA

RT

•Th

e D

exte

rous

Ant

hrop

omor

phic

Rob

otic

Tes

tbed

(DA

RT)

was

the

divi

sion

's fi

rst a

ttem

pt a

t de

velo

ping

robo

ts th

at h

elp

hum

ans

perf

orm

spa

ce

activ

ities

.W

e ha

d th

ree

mai

n ob

ject

ives

in th

e pr

ojec

t:(1

) dev

elop

a d

exte

rous

tele

robo

ticsy

stem

co

mpa

tible

with

hum

an te

lepr

esen

ce; (

2) d

evel

op a

fle

xibl

e, s

hare

d co

ntro

l arc

hite

ctur

e su

ch th

at p

rove

n in

telli

gent

aut

omat

ion

tech

nolo

gies

can

be

easi

ly

inco

rpor

ated

to a

ugm

ent t

elep

rese

nce;

and

(3)

dem

onst

rate

the

bene

fit o

f tel

epre

senc

ean

d de

xter

ous

robo

tics

in S

pace

app

licat

ions

.D

AR

T w

as v

ery

succ

essf

ul in

mee

ting

thes

e ob

ject

ives

and

alth

ough

th

e R

obon

autr

epla

ced

DA

RT

as th

e pr

imar

y te

chno

logy

dev

elop

men

t too

l, D

AR

T is

stil

l use

d fo

r de

mon

stra

tions

and

test

ing

com

pone

nts.

Page 17: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

17

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

DA

RT

Page 18: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

18

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

Rob

onau

t

•C

once

pt d

escr

iptio

n–

Ant

hrop

omor

phic

robo

t whi

ch c

an

func

tion

as a

EVA

cre

w a

ssis

tant

or

com

plet

e EV

A ta

sks

inde

pend

ently

•K

ey C

hara

cter

istic

s–

Ster

eo v

isio

n he

ad–

Dua

l arm

s an

d ha

nds

»C

ompa

tible

with

exi

stin

g EV

A

inte

rfac

es–

Fits

with

in E

VA a

cces

s co

rrid

ors

–C

an u

tiliz

e a

varie

ty o

f mou

ntin

g an

d m

obili

ty o

ptio

ns

Page 19: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

19

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

Full

Imm

ersi

on T

elep

rese

nce

Test

bed

•K

ey C

hara

cter

istic

s–

The

oper

ator

is im

mer

sed

in th

e re

mot

e w

orld

thro

ugh

a he

lmet

m

ount

ed s

tere

o di

spla

y–

Rob

ot is

sla

ved

to th

e op

erat

or

and

follo

ws

oper

ator

bod

y, a

rm

and

head

mot

ion

–C

apita

lizes

on

the

oper

ator

’s

inna

te a

bilit

y to

coo

rdin

ate

his

own

high

ly re

dund

ant b

ody

Page 20: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

20

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

ERA

•Th

e Ex

tra-

Vehi

cula

r Act

ivity

Rob

otic

Ass

ista

nt (E

RA

) is

a w

heel

ed ro

bot u

sed

as a

test

bed

for r

esea

rch

into

th

e re

quire

men

ts fo

r suc

cess

ful c

olla

bora

tion

betw

een

suite

d as

tron

auts

and

aut

onom

ous

robo

ts. T

hrou

gh

clos

e pa

rtne

rshi

p w

ith th

e A

dvan

ced

Spac

esui

t Lab

at

NA

SA-J

SC, t

his

robo

t par

ticip

ates

in p

erio

dic

field

ex

erci

ses

with

sui

ted

test

sub

ject

s, w

here

the

hum

an

and

robo

t wor

k to

geth

er to

con

duct

spa

ce-r

elev

ant

scen

ario

s. T

he re

sults

of t

hese

fiel

d te

sts

are

then

use

d to

impr

ove

the

robo

t and

/or s

pace

suit,

ena

blin

g th

e te

am to

acc

ompl

ish

mor

e co

mpl

ex s

cena

rios.

Page 21: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

21

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

ERA

Page 22: Robots in Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences … · 2013-04-10 · 2 Robots is Space – Psychological Aspects Behavioral Sciences Walt Sipes Purpose • Putting

22

Rob

ots

is S

pace

–Ps

ycho

logi

cal

Asp

ects

Beh

avio

ral S

cien

ces

Wal

t Sip

es

Psyc

holo

gica

l Asp

ects

•H

uman

s de

man

d &

requ

ire u

ltim

ate

cont

rol

•R

elat

ions

hip

–M

aste

r/sla

ve, S

ymbi

otic

, Aut

onom

ous

•In

tera

ctio

ns –

Dep

ende

nt/In

terd

epen

dent

/inde

pend

ent

•R

oles

––

Hum

an –

Thos

e ta

sks

requ

iring

fina

l dec

isio

n m

akin

g–

Rob

ot –

Thos

e ta

sks

that

are

too

dang

erou

s, m

onot

onou

s,

burd

enso

me,

or r

esou

rce

cost

ly fo

r hum

ans

•Fu

ture

robo

ts