Robert E. Crippen, Ph.D.

NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadena, California 91109 USA

818-354-2475

crippen@jpl.nasa,gov

Geotechnical Engineering Earthquake Reconnaissance:Use of Remote Sensing

Wavelengths: * Visible Light & Reflectance Infrared* Radar

Platforms: * Spaceborne* Airborne

REMOTE SENSING

Using Radar Imagery:* Backscatter Images* Change Detection* Interferometry* PolarimetrySome Sensors: ERS/ENVISAT, Radarsat, Airborne

Using Visible & Reflectance Infrared:* Post-Quake-Image Direct Recognition* Change Detection (Pre-vs-Post Imagery)

* Visual* Computational

* Imaging SpectroscopySome Sensors: Quickbird, Ikonos, Aerial

TECHNIQUES

DIGITAL PROCESSING

• Correlation Images (Damage creates low)• Difference Images (Damage creates high)• Complex Coherence (Radar)

• Edge Enhancements (Movements vs Reflectance)• Texture measurements: Temporal & Spatial Changes

• Calibration / Normalization• Vegetation Masking

Bam Earthquake, IranDecember 26, 2003

CitadelBefore After

Bam Earthquake, Iran

CitadelBefore After

Quickbird Satellite

Bam Earthquake, IranDecember 26, 2003

Before After

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

QuickbirdSatellite

September 30, 2003 January 3, 2004

University of California at Irvine (UCI) and the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)

ImageCat Inc.and

Chiba University

Quickbird satelliteimagery ofBoumerdes, Algeria.Acquired beforeand after theMay 21st 2003earthquake.

Images courtesy of DigitalGlobe.

Ikonos Satellite Image (1 meter): Tokyo

Ikonos Satellite Image (1 meter): Manhattan, NY

LIDAR

Fault DetectionNear Seattle

LIDAR: Petronas Towers, Malaysia

Image interpretation, change detection, pancaking issue

Landers Earthquake

Fault BreakObservation

SPOT Image: 10 meters

Ikonos Image: 1 meter(Aerial Photo Simulation)

“Follow the Trace”

Radar ImagingEffects of Quake Damage

on Radar Backscatter

Weakened Signal Return Strengthened Signal Return

From: Matsuoka & Yamazaki, IGARSS 2004

Hector MineEarthquake

SAR Interferometry

16 October 1999

Gilles Peltzer, Frédéric Crampé, and Paul RosenJPL

JERS-1 interferometric imageof the Kobe, Japan area

following the 1995 earthquake,depicting surface deformation.

( JPL, GSI and NASDA)

AVIRIS: Mapping Hotspots

Environmental Studies of the World Trade Center area after the September 11, 2001 attack.

U. S. Geological Survey, Open File Report OFR-01-0429

Airborne Visible & InfraredImaging Spectrometer

(AVIRIS)

Mapping Asbestos

PROBLEMS / CONSIDERATIONS

• Clouds / Smoke / Darkness: Radar advantage

• Resolution: Visible / NIR advantage

• Acquisition Speeds: Utility and Clean-Ups

• Archive Availability• Acquisitions before quake (any at all?)• Acquisitions that match…

• Non-Quake Differences:• Seasons: vegetation and shadows• Viewing geometry (distortions & hidden areas)• Construction & non-quake demolition