RioRio de de JaneirJaneir

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Introduction Introduction Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro calls simply as Rio calls simply as Rio the capital city of the State of Rio de the capital city of the State of Rio de

Janeiro Janeiro   the second largest city of Brazil the second largest city of Brazil   the third largest metropolitan area the third largest metropolitan area

 and agglomeration in South America,   and agglomeration in South America,  Rio de Janeiro has become a home of a Rio de Janeiro has become a home of a

world heritage side  named "world heritage side  named "Rio de Rio de Janeiro: Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea,the Mountain and the Sea,""

Flags of Rio Flags of Rio And seal of RioAnd seal of Rio

Brief informationBrief information

CountryCountry    BrazilBrazil RegionRegionSoutheastSoutheastStateState   Rio Rio dede Janeiro Janeiro Founded Founded March 1, 1565March 1, 1565Government Government  TypeTypeMayor-councilMayor-council   BodyBodyPrefeitura da Cidade do Rio de Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio de

JaneiroJaneiro Area • Area • MunicipalityMunicipality1,260 km21,260 km2

 (486.5 sq mi) (486.5 sq mi) • Metro • Metro4,557 km2 (1,7594,557 km2 (1,759.6 sq mi).6 sq mi)

PopulationPopulation      MetroMetro12,387,00012,387,000

1 1 GeographyGeography

RegionSoutheastState   Rio de JaneiroFounded Founded March 1, March 1, 15651565

core of Rio, lies on the plains of the western shore of Guanabara Bay. The greater portion of the city, commonly referred to as the North Zone (Zona Norte), extends to the northwest on plains composed of marine and continental sediments and on hills and several rocky mountains. The South Zone (Zona Sul) of the city, reaching the beaches fringing the open sea, is cut off from the Centre and from the North Zone by coastal mountains. These mountains and hills are offshoots of the Serra do Mar to the northwest, the ancient gneiss-granite mountain chain that forms the southern slopes of the Brazilian Highlands. The large West Zone (Zona Oeste), long cut off by the mountainous terrain, had been made accessible by new roads and tunnels by the end of the 20th century

The population of the city of Rio de Janeiro, occupying an area of 1,182.3 square kilometres (456.5 sq mi), is about 6,000,000.The population of the greater metropolitan area is estimated at 11–13.5 million. It was Brazil's capital until 1960, when Brasília took its place. Residents of the city are known as cariocas. The official song of Rio is "Cidade Maravilhosa", by composer André Filho.

Rio de Janeiro is on a strip of Brazil's Atlantic coast, close to the Rio de Janeiro is on a strip of Brazil's Atlantic coast, close to the TropicTropic ofof CapricornCapricorn, where the shoreline is oriented east–west. , where the shoreline is oriented east–west. Facing largely south, the city was founded on an inlet of this stretch Facing largely south, the city was founded on an inlet of this stretch of the coast, of the coast, GuanabaraGuanabara BayBay and its entrance is marked by a point of  and its entrance is marked by a point of land called Sugar Loaf– a "calling card" of the city.land called Sugar Loaf– a "calling card" of the city.

The Centre the core of Rio, lies on the plains of the western shore of The Centre the core of Rio, lies on the plains of the western shore of Guanabara Bay. The greater portion of the city, commonly referred to Guanabara Bay. The greater portion of the city, commonly referred to as the North Zone , extends to the northwest on plains composed of as the North Zone , extends to the northwest on plains composed of marine and continental sediments and on hills and several rocky marine and continental sediments and on hills and several rocky mountains. The South Zone of the city, reaching the beaches fringing mountains. The South Zone of the city, reaching the beaches fringing the open sea, is cut off from the Centre and from the North Zone by the open sea, is cut off from the Centre and from the North Zone by coastal mountains. These mountains and hills are offshoots of the coastal mountains. These mountains and hills are offshoots of the SerraSerra do Mar do Mar to the northwest, the ancient gneiss-granite mountain  to the northwest, the ancient gneiss-granite mountain chain that forms the southern slopes of the chain that forms the southern slopes of the BrazilianBrazilian HighlandsHighlands. The . The large West Zone , long cut off by the mountainous terrain, had been large West Zone , long cut off by the mountainous terrain, had been made accessible by new roads and tunnels by the end of the 20th made accessible by new roads and tunnels by the end of the 20th centurycentury

HistoryHistory On January 1, 1502, Gaspar On January 1, 1502, Gaspar

de Lemos arrived in Brazil de Lemos arrived in Brazil from Portugal and entered from Portugal and entered the Baía de Guanabara, the Baía de Guanabara, inhabited at the time by the inhabited at the time by the Tamoio people. He mistook Tamoio people. He mistook the bay for the entrance of a the bay for the entrance of a river and named it Rio de river and named it Rio de Janeiro. The French settled Janeiro. The French settled the area in 1555 as a trade the area in 1555 as a trade outpost for pau-brasil, or outpost for pau-brasil, or Brazilwood and formed an Brazilwood and formed an alliance with the Tamoio alliance with the Tamoio against the Portuguese, but against the Portuguese, but were expelled in 1567. The were expelled in 1567. The Tamoio were driven from Tamoio were driven from their land by the Portuguese their land by the Portuguese and the settlement Sao and the settlement Sao Sebastiao do Rio de Janeiro Sebastiao do Rio de Janeiro was established by the was established by the Portuguese government. Portuguese government.

By the 17th century, Rio became an important By the 17th century, Rio became an important BrazilianBrazilian

settlement. African slaves were brought over to work settlement. African slaves were brought over to work first the sugar plantations and then the gold mines of first the sugar plantations and then the gold mines of Minas Gerias. These gold mines proved to be prolific Minas Gerias. These gold mines proved to be prolific and the city increased in population and importance and the city increased in population and importance as gold and diamonds arrived in the port from Minas as gold and diamonds arrived in the port from Minas Gerais.    Gerais.   

Towards the end of the 19th century, the city’s Towards the end of the 19th century, the city’s population grew rapidly due to immigration from population grew rapidly due to immigration from Europe and migration from within the country. By Europe and migration from within the country. By 1891, Rio was host to more than 500,000 people. The 1891, Rio was host to more than 500,000 people. The city continued developing and spreading rapidly, city continued developing and spreading rapidly, removing mountains, reclaiming bay water and removing mountains, reclaiming bay water and constructing skyscrapers in the process. constructing skyscrapers in the process.

The city was the capital The city was the capital of Brazil for nearly two of Brazil for nearly two centuries, from 1763 to centuries, from 1763 to 1815 during the1815 during thePortuguesePortuguese  colonialcolonial eraera, 1815 to 1821 as the , 1815 to 1821 as the capital of the capital of the UnitedUnited KingdomKingdom ofof PortugalPortugal, , BrazilBrazil and and AlgarvesAlgarves, , and 1822 to 1960 as an and 1822 to 1960 as an independent nation. independent nation. Rio is nicknamed the Rio is nicknamed the CidadeCidade MaravilhosaMaravilhosa or  or "Marvelous City." "Marvelous City."

DemographicsDemographics

According to the According to the 2010 IBGE 2010 IBGE CensusCensus, there were 5,940,224 , there were 5,940,224 people residing in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The census people residing in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The census revealed the following numbers: 3,234,812 revealed the following numbers: 3,234,812 WhiteWhite people  people (51.2%), 2,307,104 (51.2%), 2,307,104 BrownBrown ( (MultiracialMultiracial) people (36.5%), ) people (36.5%), 724,197 724,197 BlackBlack people (11.5%), 46,484  people (11.5%), 46,484 EastEast AsianAsian people  people (0.7%), 6,320 (0.7%), 6,320 AmerindianAmerindian people (0.1%). people (0.1%).

In 2010, the city of Rio de Janeiro was the 2nd most In 2010, the city of Rio de Janeiro was the 2nd most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo.populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo.

In 2010, the city had 1,200,697 opposite-sex couples and In 2010, the city had 1,200,697 opposite-sex couples and 5,612 same-sex couples (see more at LGBT rights in Brazil). 5,612 same-sex couples (see more at LGBT rights in Brazil). The population of Rio de Janeiro was 53.2% female and The population of Rio de Janeiro was 53.2% female and 46.8% male46.8% male

Total genetic composition

Ancestor

Ameridian

African

Europan

People of Rio

7.4%

18.9%

73.3 %

Rio de Janeiro city (1890)

GROUP POPULATION PERCENTAGE3]

Portuguese immigrants 106,46 20.36%

Brazilians of at least one Portuguese parent

161,20 30.84%

Portuguese immigrants and their descendants

267,6267,666

51.2%

Population growthPopulation growth

ClimateClimate  In inland areas of In inland areas of the city, temperatures the city, temperatures above 40 °C are above 40 °C are common during the common during the summer, though summer, though rarely for long rarely for long periods, while periods, while maximum maximum temperatures temperatures above 27 °C  can above 27 °C  can occur on a monthly occur on a monthly basis. Rio has a basis. Rio has a savana climate  that savana climate  that closely borders closely borders a tropical monson a tropical monson climate according to climate according to the and is often the and is often characterized by long characterized by long periods of heavy rain periods of heavy rain from December to from December to March. March. 

Along the coast, the Along the coast, the breeze, blowing breeze, blowing alternately onshore alternately onshore and offshore, and offshore, moderates the moderates the temperature. temperature. Because of its Because of its geographic situation, geographic situation, the city is often the city is often reached, especially reached, especially during autumn and during autumn and winter, by cold fronts winter, by cold fronts advancing from advancing from AntarcticaAntarctica, causing , causing frequent weather frequent weather changes. It is mostly changes. It is mostly in summer that in summer that strong showers strong showers provoke catastrophic provoke catastrophic floods and landslides. floods and landslides.

Road Road transpotranspo

rtrt

Driving in Rio de Janeiro, as Driving in Rio de Janeiro, as in most large cities of Brazil, in most large cities of Brazil, might not be the best choice might not be the best choice due to the large car fleet. The due to the large car fleet. The city is served by a number of city is served by a number of expressways  in spite of this, expressways  in spite of this, traffic jams are very traffic jams are very common. In sight of the common. In sight of the 2016 2016 OlympicsOlympics, the state is , the state is opening two more freeways opening two more freeways in the city, (between Barra in the city, (between Barra and the Galeão International and the Galeão International Airport). Airport).

Tourists attractionsTourists attractions Tram arriving at SugarloafTram arriving at SugarloafSugarloafSugarloaf mountain ( mountain (Pão de AçúcarPão de Açúcar) with ) with

its cable carits cable car;;

  

São Conrado receives many tourists from around the world. Many come to jump with aparachute and do other activities that the district offers.

View from the top of the View from the top of the CorcovadoCorcovado. .

Christ the redemer statue , named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World .

The most famost beachesThe most famost beaches

LGBTs on Ipanema Beach. CopacabanaBeach

Panorama of Leme Beach and prime district.

This region is home to the This region is home to the MaracanãMaracanã stadiumstadium ), once the world's  ), once the world's highest capacity highest capacity footballfootball ( (soccersoccer)) venue, able to hold nearly 199,000  venue, able to hold nearly 199,000 people, as it did thepeople, as it did theWorldWorld Cup Cup final of 1950. In modern times its  final of 1950. In modern times its capacity has been reduced to conform with modern safety capacity has been reduced to conform with modern safety regulations and the stadium has introduced seating for all fans. regulations and the stadium has introduced seating for all fans.

Carnaval, is an annual Carnaval, is an annual celebration in the Roman celebration in the Roman Catholic tradition that Catholic tradition that allows merry-making and allows merry-making and red meat consumption red meat consumption before the more sober before the more sober 40 days of Lent penance 40 days of Lent penance which culminates with Holy which culminates with Holy or Passion Week and Easteror Passion Week and Easter

Every December 31, 2.5 million people Every December 31, 2.5 million people gather at Copacabana Beach to celebrate gather at Copacabana Beach to celebrate New Year's in Rio de Janeiro. The crowd, New Year's in Rio de Janeiro. The crowd, mostly dressed in white, celebrates all night mostly dressed in white, celebrates all night at the hundreds of different shows and at the hundreds of different shows and events along the beach. It is the second events along the beach. It is the second largest celebration only next to the largest celebration only next to the Carnival. . People celebrate the New Year by sharing People celebrate the New Year by sharing chilled champagne. It is considered good chilled champagne. It is considered good luck to shake the champagne bottle and luck to shake the champagne bottle and spray around at midnight. Chilled spray around at midnight. Chilled champagne adds to the spirit of the champagne adds to the spirit of the festivitiesfestivities..

Notable cariocasNotable cariocas CariocasCariocas, as , as

the people the people who are born who are born in Rio de in Rio de Janeiro are Janeiro are called in called in Brazil, have Brazil, have made made extensive extensive contributions contributions to Brazil's to Brazil's (and the (and the World's) World's) history, history, culture, culture, music, music, literature, literature, education, education, science, science, technology technology etc.etc.

Some famous cariocas who wre born Some famous cariocas who wre born in Rio in Rio

.

Ronaldo Paulo Coelho

Antônio Carlos Jobim.

Walter Salles.