Rika Purnama Sari Te.090401

7/31/2019 Rika Purnama Sari Te.090401

1/31

1

PROPOSAL

THE EFFECT OF USING PICTURE TOWARDS STUDENTS

VOCABULARY LEARNING RESULT AT THE THIRD GRADE OF

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 25 JAMBI.

RIKA PURNAMA SARI

090401

BI VI C

TARBIYAH FACULTY

INSTITUTE OF ISLAMIC STUDIES

SULTAN THAHA SYAIFUDDIN JAMBI

2012


2/31

2

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. BACKGROUNDEducation is very important in our life for human resources, education

is guide process that done by educators to student in understand and expressly

condition to get education. Education will be found in formal and non formal,

education in school is formal education, it is mean school doing of activity

planning and organizing, include acticity in teaching learning process at the

class, and teacher is one important person in school. Beside teaching and

educating, teacher must also know how to educate the students.

The activities in teaching and learning process, teachers and students

should use the language properly and correctly. Especiallya teacher, must

deliver material simple language to be easily understood by students, so the

atmosphere of learning to be comfortable and effective, because a language as

tools of comunications is very important in the daily life. A language is

commonly used by people to express idea with a language we can

communicate with others. As tool of comunications language cannot get away

from the individually activities in many aspect of life. In its development,

language as means of communication has many changes. The changes of

language have variations. Some of widely spoken and some gradually

abandoned by the speaker, eventually vanish completely. Language is a tool

for communication, because without language we cant interactions one each


3/31

3

others. Functions of language conducted with two kinds activity human, they

are speaking and listening.

Educations gives the chance and experience in finding information

process, solve the problem, and make a decision, in their life. By learning

process that centered on student, the role of teacher has changed from teacher

to the facilitator. As fasillitator, good teacher has to provide the student

opportunity to able to mention vocabulary through picture media as learning

of facilitation.

To achieve the quality of education,a qualified teacher who has the

ability in teaching, because in affect the learning result. Learning result is the

ability of individuals obtained after the learning process takes place, which

can provide good behavioral changes of knowledge, understanding, attitudes

and skills that students are better than ever. As mentioned Hamalik (1995:48)

learning result are "subject to change behavior that includes cognitive,

affective and psychomotor in certain situations thanks to his experience over

and over again." Opinion was supported by Sudjana (2005:3) "learning result

are behavioral changes that include the areas of cognitive, affective, and

psychomotor owned by the students after receiving their learning experience."

In this research, the writer choose picture media teach vocabulary at

the third grade students in junior high school 25 Jambi. The media is

"everything that can be a tool of information and communications, facilities

and infrastructure, facilities, support, liaison, dealers." (YudiMunadi, 2008:5)


4/31

4

The using picture media at the third grade students in junior high school 25

Jambi hope can to improve student vocabulary.

The writer choose of this picture media because the writer thinks is

suitable for use in teaching vocabulary to students. By knowing a lot of

vocabulary, students will master the English language better. Because of

Vocabulary is the total number of words in a language. It is also a collection

of words a person knows and uses in speaking and writing. Vocabularyor is

the sum of all the vocabulary words in a language also the ability of words

known and used by some one in speaking and writing.

On the other side, based on the first interview with teacher at english

junior high school 25 Jambi. The writer found that teachers have not been

optimal in learning, one of which teachers do not use good media, the picture

media and other media as a means of learning to improve student learning

result.

Therefore, based on the explanation above the writer tries to aplly

picture in teaching vocabulary and want to know whether there is significant

difference on students vocabulary learning result between using picture and

whithout using pictured.

So this research entitled: THE EFFECT OF USING PICTURE

TOWARDS STUDENTS VOCABULARY LEARNING RESULT AT

THE THIRD GRADE OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 25 JAMBI.


5/31

5

B. The Formulation of ProblemBased on the background elaborated above the writer has identified

some problem namely:

1. What the score of students vocabulary learning result using picture at the

third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi?

2. What the score of students vocabulary learning result not using picture at

the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi?

3. Is there significant effect of picture towords students vocabulary learning

result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi?

C. Limitation of ProblemBased on the background elaborated above the writer has:

1. The result is limited on the use picture in vocabulary about schools of

equipment, rooms, professions.

2. The research will be focused at the third grade at junior high school 25

Jambi.

3. Learning result includes be focus at kognitif aspect.

D. The Purpose and Advantages of Research1. The Purpose of Research

a. To know the score of students vocabulary learning result using picture

at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi.


6/31


7/31

7

2) All the words of a language.

3) All the words used by a particular person, class, profession, etc;

sometimes, all the words recognized and understood by a

particular person, although not necessarily used by him (in full,

passive vocabulary).

Similarly, Hornby (1995: 1331) defines vocabulary as:

1)The total number of words in language.

2)All the words know to a person or used in a particular book,

subject, etc.

3)A list of words with their meanings, especially one that

accompanies a text book in a foreign language.

According to the definitions above it can be concluded that

vocabulary is a stock of words in a language, written or spoken, with

meaning that considered as cultural meaning used by group or

individual community.

b. Picture1) Definition of picture

Picture is photo, picture or painting, and sketch ( line picture)

(Azhar Arsyad, 2007: 113). Picture represent got easy and important

visual media. Cause he earn to change word of verbal, abstraction

something that concrete, and overcome perception of human being.


8/31

8

Picture make people can catch information or idea which

consist in it clearly, clearer than laid open by words (Yudhi Munadi,

2008: 89).

From some the opinion above, clear that picture media

represent media able to be seen by clarified eyesight senses through

pictures in course of study with aim to facilitate child in

comprehending Iesson quickerly.

2) Condition of Good Picture.

Good Picture is matching with the target of study. Besides

there are some condition which need to be paid attention for

example:

a) Having to autentik, that is the picture shall be downright

portray situation like if people see object in fact

b) Simple, that is its composition shall be selfexplanatory show

fundamental poin-poin in picture

c) Size measure relative, that is picture can enlarge or minimize

object or object in fact

d)

Picture better contain deed or motion, showing certain activity

( Arief S. Sadiman Dkk., 2002: 31-32).

Though there is statement that picture media have some

weakness, but picture media remain to represent media which is

most commonly weared, which can understood and comprehended

wherever. Picture media also is easy to got, either from brochures,


9/31

9

posters, containing magazines of high and good pictures its quality,

and from colourful and also black and white good colour facet, or

by making simple picture media, by using technique mark with lines

and circle.

c. Learning ResultLearning result is domination of knowledge / skill about

vocabulary developed by Ianguage subject of english which is usually

shown with value of test given value number of teacher.

Learning Result to be define as a result of which is expected from

study which have been specific in certain behavioral formula as effect

of process learning him. (Veithzal Rifa.i, 2003:130)

According To A. Tabrani Rusyan in its book of approach in

course of learning to teach to have a notion : " Result learn to represent

reached result by a student after he do certain school activity or after

he accept instruction from a teacher at one time. (A. Tabrani Rusyan,

2000:65)

To be more sharpness concerning students vocabulary learning

result can be seen at schema here under :

knowledge/

vocabular

behavioral

learning use

icture

test learning result

value


10/31

10

From schema above expressing, that result learn to be resulted by

existence of activity of evaluation learn ( evaluation and tes) learn to

be conducted caused by activity learn. Pros and consly of learning

result very depended from knowledge and change of behavioral of

pertinent individual to what studying.

2. Operational Definitiona. Vocabulary

According to opinion of writer, vocabulary is the way of spelling,

learn words specially in Ianguage of english from one syllable become

sentence and sentence become paragraph. covering writing, spelling,

way of reading and punctuation mark.

Vocabulary is the key for speaking english, to master vocabulary

for practicing english the students have to memorize and use it in

conversation or speaking english, students who diligent and always

memorize the vocabularies will be more easy to practice english and

than able to learning result well.

The teaching vocabulary by using picture media will help the

students to understand faster and enjoy when learning process.

b. Picture Media

According to writer of picture media is one of the media study

which in submitting its Iesson items use picture as a means of the


11/31

11

forwarding of him. Picture media can in the form of photo, painting,

etc.

By giving the picture students are able to understand the ,meaning

of word without opening the dictionary to fine the meaning.

c. Influence of Picture Media

According to writer of influence of picture media is very having an

effect on to result learn student. by using picture as media is

forwarding of him expected by student more is comprehending

submitted by Iesson items teacher.

d. Vocabulary learning result using picture

According to writer vocabulary learning result use picture is value

result of test conducted by teacher after student given by study media

that is picture.

F. HypothesisHa : There is a significant effect of picture towards students vocabulary

leraning result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi (

) = Ha accepted.Ho : There is no significant effect of picture towards students vocabularyleraning result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi ( ) = Ho accepted.


12/31

12

CHAPTER II

RESEARCH PROCEDURE

A.Desain of ResearchIn this research, the effect of using picture media towards student

learning of vocabulary subject to be used by experiment method really with

research device the used pasca desain test commensurable random subyek

two group.

Research device pasca desain test commensurable random subyek

two group. Can be described as following:

Class Treatment Tied Variable

X Y

Class V.A ( E ) Class V.B ( C )

( Sudjana,1996)

Tables of above to show stages, steps of research, at coloum two

treatment to group experiment using picture media, and control group which

without picture media. While at column three the make-up of the

understanding learning of vocabulary subject among experiment group and

control group.


13/31

13

Information:

E = eksperiment class

C = control class

X = media

Y = learning result

= giving of treatment using picture media

= without picture media

= learning result using picture media = learning result without picture media

B. Kinds and Source of Data

1. Kinds Of Data

To facilitate data collection that the writer did in this study, the

authors grouped into two categories, namely

a. Primary Data

Primary data is "data obtained by the authors directly, whether

conducted through interviews, observation, and other

tools.(Subagyo,1990:87)

In this case I find and collect data in the form of indicators of

how the effect of using picture towards students vocabulary learning

result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi.


14/31

14

The primary data that the author intended in this research is data

about the effect of using picture media towards students vocabulary

learning result at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi.

b. Secondary Data

Secondary data is data that is not taken directly from the source,

secondary data that the author intended in this research is already well-

documented data that has to do with the title.

The secondary data are as follows:

1) Historical and geographical of state junior high School 25 Jambi

2) Structure organization of state junior high School 25 Jambi

3) The teachers and students condition and facility in state junior

high School 25 Jambi.

2. Source of Data

The Source of in this research as follows:

a. Headmaster of State junior high School 25 Jambi

b. English teacher of State junior high School 25 Jambi

c. Students of State junior high school 25 Jambi

d.

Condition of teaching and learning process of english subject in the

class

e. Documentation and literatures which are related to study.


15/31

15

C. Population and Sample1. Population

Population is " entire/all data becoming research of Population is

generalizing region which consist of object / subjek having and quality of

karekteristik certain which specified by researcher to be studied and

later;then pulled its conclusion. (Arikunto,1990:129)

This population of this research are the fifth grade students of the

junior high school 25 Jambi. They are 60 students the consist of two

classes.

Tables 1

students at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi

class Male Female Amount

3A 16 14 30

3B 17 13 30

Amount 60

2. Sample

According to Subagyo sampel is " part of the amount of

characteristic data had by population, good sampel is sampel able to

express maximally situation of population. (Subagyo, 1990:90)

Tables 1

students at the third grade of junior high school 25 Jambi

class Male Female Amount

3A

(experiment class)

10 10 20

3B

(control class)

10 10 20

3A & 3B

Validity class

13 7 20

Amount 60


16/31

16

D. The Method of Collecting Data

a. ObservationObservation interpreted " as record-keeping and perception

systematicly to visible symptom at research object. Perception and

conducted record-keeping to object in place march of events, so that

observation reside in with object investigated"(Margono, 2004:158)

b. InterviewInterview Method is " an form of communication of verbal a kind of

conversation with aim to obtain;get information. (Nasution, 2004:113)

Interview represent appliance gathering of information by oral to be

answered verbally also. (Margono, 2004:165)

This method used by writer to obtain;get responder data directly,

like:

a. First Middle Headmaster of junior high school 25 Jambi

b. Organizer

c. Teacher

d.

Student

c. Test Method A test is set of questions or stimulus which is given to the student

or to the subjects or respondents to obtain the answer or responses which

can be used to measure the ability, skill, intelligence, knowledge, talent, or

interest ( Arikunto, 2002: 127)


17/31

17

Test giving to students in the form of multiple choice consisting of

four answer choices, with a test picture. Test is made in a accordance with

the curriculum and textbooks used by the junior high school 25 Jambi,

using picture media as a means of learning.

Score of the given test at the validity test, if the correct answer

score is one, if the answer wrong score is zero. When the test is used to

determine differences in learning score of students who learn to use the

picture media that without picture media, each multipled by five points of

correct answer, wrong answer zero.

Given test is:

1) Validity TestInstrument told valid if can measure what wanted. Instrument

told valid if can express data of accurate variable precisely.

Formula:

Information:

= Koefisien korelasi point biserial =Total Score mean which [reply/ answer] correctness [at]problem item.

= Total Score mean. = standard of Deviasi total ( Standard Deviasi of totalscore)


18/31

18

= Student proportion which replying correctness to problemitem which is searching by its correction with tes as a

whole.

= Student proportion the replying wrong in each problemitem.

(Sudijono, 2004:249)

Result of calculation consulted at tebel with level of signifikansi

5%. If > hence valid problem item.

2) ReliabilitasReliabilitas is correctness or decision an evaluation. Evaluation

appliance told by reliable if the tes can be trusted, consistence or

stabilize and is productive.

Formula K-R 21:

[ ] [ ]Information:

M = total means score

k = number of item

= total varian(Sugiyono, 2010:132)

Price of r obtained to be compared to with level ofsignifikan 5 %. If price > hence problem which is test-draived have the character of reliable.


19/31

19

3) Level Difficulty of Problem.Number showing difficult and is easy of him something problem

referred by difficulty index. Make an index to this difficulty show level

difficulty of problem. Level of index difficulty of problem can be

calculated:

Information:

P = index difficulty of problem.

B = o the number of student which replying that problem

exactly.

JS = Amount of entire/all student participant of tes.

(Arikunto, 2002 : 208)

Classification make an index to difficulty of problem shall be as

follows:

0,00 < IK 0,30 is difficult

0,30 < IK 0,70 medium

P 0,70 < IK < 1,00 easy

4) Distinguishing energy of problem.Distinguishing energy of problem is ability something problem to

differentiate between clever student ( high capable) with stupid student

(capable lower). Number showing the level of referred as


20/31

20

distinguishing energy of discrimination index (D). Formula to

determine discrimination index is:

Information:

DP = Distinguishing energy

= Amount of real correct problem item at score upper group = Amount of real correct problem item at under group score = To the number of student at group to the.

(Suherman, 1990:90)

Distinguishing Energy classification::

DP 0,00 = Very bad.

DP 0,000,20 = bad

DP 0,200,40 = enough

DP 0,400,70 = good

DP 0,701,00 = very good

d. DocumentationDocumentation method is to " searching data concerning or things of

variable-variabel which in the form of note, manuscript, book, newspaper,

magazine, minutes, meeting, inscription, lengger, agenda, etc. (Arikunto,

2002:149)


21/31

21

Documentation is to " representing data through ommission written,

like : archivess and including also books about opinion, theory, laws and

theorem and others relate to the problem of research. (Margono, 2004:181)

This method of writer use to look for respective data with:

a. Geographical and Historical

b. Organization

c. Situation of teacher, staff, and students

d. Situation of facilities and basic facilities

E. Data Analisis Method1. Normalitas test.

Before determined hypothesis test is beforehand conducted by

examination of data or test normality of data. If data have normal

distribution, hence hypothesis test using statistic of parametik, while if

distribution data is not normal, hence hypothesis test use statistic of is non

parametik. For the test of normalitas data, used formula of Chi Square

(). ( Ridwan, 2003:187) Calculation step:a.

Determining big score and small score

b. Determine the large

c. Determine the number of class (BK)

BK = 1+3,3 log n (Sturgess formula)

d. Determine the length of the class (i)

i=


22/31

22

e. Determine the average or mean ()=

f. Determine the standard deviation

g. Make a list with the following way:

1)

Determine the class boundaries left scores first class interval 0,5

and later reduced the number right score plus 0,5 class interval.

2) Find the value of Z-scores for the class limit of the interval with the

formula: Z=

3) Seek broad 0 Z from the table of normal curve from 0 Z by

using the number for the class boundaries

4) Search area for each interval by subtracting the number 0 Z, is

the first row number minus the second row, second row number

minus the third row and so on.

5) Find the expected frequency (Fe) by way of transfer area of each

interval with the number of respondents.

6) Looking for a chi square with the formula

7) Compare () with ()db=k-3, dan =0,05

decision rule:


23/31

23

if , then the data distribution is not normalif , then the normal data distribution

2. Homogenitas testThis test aim to know what is both class having same variant or

not. If the class have is same variant, hence the class told is homogeneous.

To testing homogeneous data used by test of Bartlett with statistic of Chi

Square with formula:

With

Information:

= variant from all sampel. = variant of each class.(Sudjana, 1996:255).

Step calculation:

a. Enter the statistics for testing homogeneity in the test table barlet

b. Calculate variance with the formula


24/31

24

c. Count log d. Calculate the value of B= e. Calculate the value = (log 10){ }f. Compared = with the value for =0,05 and degrees

of freedom, with the following test criteria:

If not homogeneousIf

not homogeneous

3. t testBy the end of execution of second experiment of group recognized

its measurement or final tes with appliance / same instrument. Result of

from tes both of the group compared to is technics t-tes with formula:

= Mean variable x= Mean variable y = Error StandardX = class no using picture media (class control)

Y = class using picture media (class eksperiment)

To get the result of t-test, we have to do some steps as follow:

Steps of t-test

a. Mean variable x


25/31

25

b. Mean variable y

c. Standard deviasi variable x

d. Standard deviasi variable y

e. Standard error variable x

f. Standard error variable y

g. Looking for

h. Looking for

i. Looking for standard error to dofferent between mean variable x and

mean variable y


26/31

26

Looking for to:

( Sudjono, 2004: 325-326)j. Interpretation

1) If to t table same with or the bigger than t therefore the zero

(null) hypothesis its mean refused between two variables, there issignificant influence.

2) If to table therefore hypothesis zero (null) received it is mean

between two variable there is significant influence. (Anas Sudjono,

2004:314)

F. Schedule of the researchAs for so that this research as according to previous planning have been

planned, hence writer schedule for the following research


27/31

27

Table 1

Schedule of the research

No Activities MOUNTH

June Jule Augst Sept Oct Nov

1 Making of

proposal


28/31

28

CHAPTER III

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 25 JAMBI

A. Histories and geographies of the state junior high school 25 Jambi1. Histories of the state junior high school 25 Jambi

According to Mrs. Surya Dewi, S.Pd as headmaster of the state

junior high school 25 Jambi says:

SMP 25 berdiri pada tahun 2007, merupakan SMP Negeri di

Kelurahan Kopi Jaya. Berdiri di atas tanah wakaf milik Bp Majid selaku

ketua RT 14 pada waktu itu. Dengan luas tanah satu hektar

(1000m2).(interview, Mei 2012)

Firstly location on this building in RT 14 Kelurahan Kopi Jaya. In

firstly lesson here, there are 367 students. and headmaster of state junior

high school 25 Jambi has exchange for six more. Firstly, Mr.Harun and

than Mr.Basuki, and than Mr.Sumarjo, and than Mr.AzraI, and than

Mr.Rozali, and after that Mrs.Surya Dewi until now.(interview, Mei 2012)

2. Geographies of the state junior high school 25 Jambi

a.

Administrative location (interview, Mei 2012)

Administrative location of state junior high school 25 Jambi as

follow:

1) Street : Yunus Sanis Street,

2) District : Jelutung

3) Province : Jambi


29/31

29

b. Economic locations (interview, Juni 2012)

Naturally state junior high school 25 Jambi has economic locations as

follow:

1) West side is Smp N 14 Jambi

2) East side is Perum. Pesut

3) South side is Pertamina

4) North side is elementary school 77

B. Condition of School FacilitiesThere are many factors determine for the student and teacher successful

in teaching and learning process is not morely depended on preparation, but

facilities also hold the important role. Discussing about facilities in junior high

school 25 Jambi are enough complete. But, year by year this school is

completed.

Junior high school 25 Jambi thinks that knowledge and technology are

important to be main necessary for human interest in any time and place. So

that, junior high school 25 Jambi should give any facilities that support its

teaching and learning process, preparation of any instructional learning media

as study facilities enough available in order to be one of the requirement for

the purpose of the teaching and learning process.


30/31

30

Tabel II

Condition of School Facilities

(Documentation, Mei 2012)No Room Number Condition

1 Class Room 12 good

2 Head master office 1 Good

3 Teacher office 1 Good

4 Medical room 1 Good

5 Library 1 good

6 Teachers toilet 1 good

7 Students toilet 1 good

8 Vice headmaster 1 good

9 Laboratorium 1 good

10 BK Room 1 good

C. Teachers and Students Condition1. Teachers condition

Basically, a teacher is main person who has duties to contribute

information and knowlwdge to the students. The teacher is not only as

contributor knowledge, but also as an advisor, mediator and facilitator to

conduct the students in getting information and knowledge.


31/31

D. The Sructure of OrganizationJunior high school 25 Jambi is managed directly by a headmaster whose

duties supported by his staff that almost of them are teacher also his

responsibilities are to plan, apply, control, conduct and evaluate the

implementation of the learning process at the school. In order to do his work

properly, he has to cooperate well to all of the teachers by sharing rights and

responsibility fairly of the job according to the professionalism each of them.

Picture III

The Structure of Organization Junior High School 25 Jambi

(Documentation, Mei 2012)

Headmaster

Surya dewi, S.Pd

Deputy of curriculum

Siti Mar am

Deputy for Student Affair

Rosnalainas, S.Pd.I

Treasurer

Jamilah, S.Pd

Chief of Administration Affair

Vera Dhefriana, S.Pd

Teacher

Students

Documents

Rika Purnama Sari Te.090401