Richard A. Bennett, Ph.D. Project Consultant

(520) 834-6379 rbennett@earthconsultants.com

Dr. Bennett is an Associate Professor in the Department of Geosciences at University of Arizona. His main area of expertise is the field of high precision satellite geodesy and its many applications to the Earth Sciences, particularly contributions to hazards assessments. He has 20+ years experience in scientific research, project management, business consulting, and GPS network technical operations and maintenance. He currently serves on the Board of Directors for the non-profit corporation UNAVCO, a university-governed consortium facilitating geoscience research and education using geodesy. He has served as the project leader on high precision geodetic surveys in Argentina, Arizona, California, Croatia, Iceland, Italy, Mexico, and Panama. He has served as Principal Investigator on numerous research projects funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the National Geodetic Survey (NGS), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC). His recent research investigations have touched on a wide range of issues of relevance to society, including hazards associated with earthquakes on active faults, glacial outburst floods (Jökullhlaups), extreme weather (e.g., North American Monsoon, deep convection in the Amazon), and sea level rise. He is a Senior Consultant at Earth Consultants International. EDUCATION

Postdoc – Geodesy, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 1997 -1998 Ph.D. – Geophysics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology 1996 B.S. – Geophysics, University of California, Riverside 1990

PROFESSIONAL HISTORY

Senior Consultant, Earth Consultants International, Inc. 2006 - present Associate Professor, University of Arizona 2009 - present Associate Professor, University of Arizona 2004 - 2008 Geodesist, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 1998 - 2003

PROFESSIONAL AFFILIATIONS

American Geophysical Union Southern California Earthquake Center UNAVCO member representative WInSAR member representative Geological Society of America

SELECTED PROJECT EXPERIENCE Select International Projects

Project Manager: Development of a CORS–based deformation monitoring system for Autoridad del Canal de Panamá, 2006-2011. In 2006, ECI helped the Autoridad del Canal de Panamá (ACP) design a permanent Global Positioning System (GPS) network to monitor slip on several active faults identified by ECI in central Panamá. As part of

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this project, Dr. Bennett assessed existing geodetic infrastructure in central Panamá and performed a reconnaissance survey of the Canal area. He provided oversight and guidance to ACP staff regarding GPS monument design and construction, network optimization, GPS hardware specifications, data communications, data flow, and data processing methods for high precision positioning. Dr. Bennett gave a two-day seminar on the fundamentals of GNSS satellite geodesy at ACP headquarters. He has also developed a model for active tectonic processes of Panamá, including determination of precise estimates for fault slip rates. These estimates are assisting ACP officials as they make important policy decisions about potential earthquake hazards to the Panamá Canal.

Principal Investigator for NSF and SCEC funded projects to characterize crustal motions associated with the April 4, 2010, M7.2, El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake, Northern Baja California Mexico, 2010-present. The goal of these ongoing projects is to measure the pattern and rates of post-earthquake deformation to better understand the response of the Earth’s outer layers to deviatoric stress. The project has involved construction of an array of 6 permanent CORS stations in northern Baja California, Mexico, and resurveys of existing benchmarks using GPS. Preliminary analyses of the geodetic data reveal rapid motions of Earth’s surface up to distances of 200 km from the earthquake epicenter, with implications for the constitutive properties of the lower crust and upper mantle through the Salton Trough region. Co-Investigator for ExxonMobil funded project to characterize crustal motions in the central Andes, northwest Argentina, 2009-present. The goal of this ongoing project is to determine the pattern of crustal deformation in the Andes retroarc and Puna Plateau region of northwest Argentina. As part of this project Dr. Bennett has installed an autonomous continuously operating GPS network covering the study region. Outstanding questions that will be addressed with the data provided by this network include the rate at which the South America plate is being shortening, the rate at which the Puna Plateau is being uplifted, and the relationship between these processes and ongoing Nazca plate-South America plate collision. Principal Investigator for NSF funded project to monitor deformation of the mid-Atlantic ridge in central Iceland, 2007-present. The goal of this ongoing project is to understand the partitioning of deformation between the East and West Volcanic Zones in central Iceland, and the origin of rapid rates of uplift in the interior of the island of Iceland. Uplift rates of up to 25 mm/yr signify significant work done against gravity and may be associated with mass loss due to melting of the Vatnajökull, Hofsjökull, and Langsjökull icesheets. Co-Investigator for NSF funded project to understand the geodynamic setting of the Northern Apennines Mountains, northern Italy, 2004-2009. The goal of this project is to understand the process of syn-convergent extension of an active mountain belt. As part of this large interdisciplinary, international project, I worked with several Italian agencies to develop GPS networks to measure the active motions of the Northern Apennines Mountains. My students and I worked together with a large team of international scholars to understand the interrelationships among various geophysical and geological data sets.

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Principal Investigator for NSF funded projects to assess seismic hazards in southern Croatia, 2007-2009. The goal of this ongoing project was to characterize the seismic hazards for the Southern Dalmatia, Croatia region. The region sits atop an active blind thrust that was, prior to our study, classified as inactive. As part of this project we worked together with the Croatian Geodetic Administration to resurvey existing geodetic markers. We also established a semi-continuous GPS network to investigate the pattern of crustal deformation and its relationship with the active thrust fault.

Select Domestic Projects

Co-Investigator for NSF funded project to measure the motion and deformation of the Colorado Plateau. Western US, 2010-present. The goal of this ongoing project is to understand the modern geodynamic setting of the Colorado Plateau Province of the western United States. As part of this project we have established a 30+ station CORS network across the states of Arizona and southern Utah. The network is currently collecting data and will ultimately produce extremely precise (sub-mm/yr) measurements of crustal motion across the study area with implications for continental dynamics.

Principal Investigator for NSF funded project to understand the relationship between lithospheric density structure and surface deformation; 2009-present. The goal of this project is to assess whether deep lithospheric structure contributes appreciably to surface crustal motions. As part of this project we performed careful analyses of data from existing CORS networks throughout the western US and Europe. We developed new data analysis techniques for determining the vertical component of surface motion, which is often more difficult to discern that horizontal motions. We are also in the process of developing theoretical models coupling density driven lithospheric flow to surface motion to complement our geodetic analyses. Principal Investigator for NSF and USGS funded projects to study transfer of strain from the southern San Andreas fault to the eastern California shear zone, 2005-2007. The goal of this project was to understand the relationships between fault zones composing the southern San Andreas fault system, and those composing the eastern California shear zone with significant implications for seismic hazards to heavily populated southern California region. As part of this project, we constructed a semi-continuous GPS network in the transition zone between the two fault systems. We collected data three times per year for several years mapping the pattern of crustal motion in this region in unprecedented detail. We developed numerical models to explore the implications of the geodetic measurements for fault slip and seismic hazards to California.

SELECTED PUBLICATIONS 2011 Magnússon, E., H. Björnsson, H. Rott, M. Roberts, F. Pálsson, S. Gudmunsson, R.A.

Bennett, H. Geirsson, E. Sturkell, Localized uplift of Vatnajökull ice cap, Iceland: subglacial water accumulation deduced from InSAR and GPS observations, Journal of

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Glaciology, 57, 475-484, 2011.

Adams, D.K., R.M. Fernandes, E. R. Kursinski, J.M. Maia, L.F. Sapucci, L. A. Machado, I. Vitorello, J. Galera, K.L. Holub, S.I. Gutman, N. Filizola, R.A. Bennett, A dense GNSS meteorological network for observing deep convection in the Amazon, Atmospheric Science Letters, doi:10.1002/asl.312, 2011.

2010 Velasco, M.S., R.A. Bennett, S. Hreinsdottir, R. Johnson, A. Frassetto, Subsurface

geometries and crustal extension in the eastern Basin and Range, western US, Tectonophysics, 10.1016/j.tecto.2009.05.010, 2010.

Kreemer, C., G. Blewitt, R.A. Bennett, Present-day motion and deformation of the Colorado Plateau, Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2010GL043374, 2010.

Decrim, J., T. Arnadottir, H. Geirsson, M. Keiding, B.G. Ofeigsson, S. Hreinsdottir, P. LaFemina, A. Hooper, F. Sigmundsson, R.A. Bennett, Unraveling faulting in a complex earthquake sequence in the South Iceland Seismic Zone, Geophysical Journal International, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04565.x, 2010.

Buble, G., R.A. Bennett, and S. Hreinsdottir, Tide gauge and GPS measurements of crustal deformation and sea level rise along the eastern margin of Adria, Journal of Geophysical Research, doi:10.1029/2008JB006155, 2010.

Geirsson, H., T. Árnadóttir, S. Hreinsdóttir, J. Decriem, P.C. LaFemina, S. Jónsson, R.A.Bennett, S. Metzger, A. Holland, E. Sturkell, T. Villemin, C. Völksen, F. Sigmundsson, P. Einarsson, M.J. Roberts, H. Sveinbjörnsson, Overview of results from continuous GPS observations in Iceland from 1995 to 2010, Jökull, 60, 3-22, 2010.

Spinler, J.C., R.A. Bennett, M.L. Anderson, S.F. McGill, S. Hreinsdóttir, and A. McCallister, Present-day strain accumulation and slip rates associated with southern San Andreas and eastern California shear zone faults from GPS, Journal of Geophysical Research, 115, B11407, doi:10.1029/2010JB007424, 2010.

Rockwell,T.K., R.A. Bennett, E. Gath, P. Franceschi, Unhinging an indenter: A new tectonic model for the internal deformation of Panama, Tectonics, Vol 29, TC4027,doi:10.1029/2009TC002571, 2010.

2009 Hreinsdóttir, S. and R.A. Bennett, Active aseismic creep on the Alto Tiberina low-angle

normal fault, Geology, v. 37; no. 8; p. 683–686; doi: 10.1130/G30194A.1, 2009. Hreinsdóttir, S. Árnadóttir, J. Decriem, H. Geirsson, A, Tyggvasson R.A. Bennett, and P.

LaFemina, A complex earthquake sequence captured by the continuous GPS network in SW Iceland, Geophysical Research Letters, v.36, L12309, doi:10.1029/2009GL038391, 2009.

Bennett, R.A., N.P. Fay, S. Hreinsdóttir, C.G. Chase, and G. Zandt, Increasing long-wavelength relief across the southeastern flank of the Sierra Nevada, California, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.08.011, 2009.

2008 Bennett, R.A., S. Hreinsdottir, G. Buble, T. Basic, Z. Bacic, M. Marjanovic, G. Casale, A.

Gendaszek, D. Cowan, Eocene to present subduction of southern Adria mantle lithosphere beneath the Dinarides, Geology, vol. 36, no 1, p. 3-6, doi:10.1130/G24136A.1, 2008.

Kursinski, E.R., R.A. Bennett, D. Gochis, S. Gutman. K. Holub, R. Mastaler, C. Minjarez, I. Minjarez, and T. van Hove, Water vapor and surface observations in northeastern

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Mexico during the 2004 NAME enhanced observing period, Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2007GL031404, 2008.

Bennett, R.A., Instantaneous deformation from continuous GPS: Contributions from periodic loads, Geophysical Journal International, Vol. 174, issue 3, start page 1052, DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03846.x, 2008.

Fay, N.P., R.A. Bennett, J.C. Spinler, and E.D. Humphreys, Small-scale upper mantle convection and crustal dynamics in southern California, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 9(8), Q08006, doi:10.1029/2008GC001988, 2008.

Fay, N.P., R.A. Bennett, and S. Hreinsdóttir, Contemporary vertical velocity in the central Basin and Range and uplift of the southern Sierra Nevada, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 35, L20309, doi:10.1029/2008GL034949, 2008.

2007 Bennett, R.A., S. Hreinsdottir, M.S. Velasco, and N.P. Fay, GPS constraints on vertical

crustal motion in the northern Basin and Range, Geophysical Research Letters, doi:10.1029/2007GL031515, 2007.

Bennett, R.A., Instantaneous slip rates from geology and geodesy, Geophysical Journal International, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03331.x, 2007.

Bennett, R.A., S. Hreinsdottir, Constraints on relative vertical crustal motion for long baselines in the central Mediterranean region using continuous GPS, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2007.03.008, 2007.

2004 Bennett, R.A., A.M. Friedrich, K.P. Furlong, Co-dependent histories of the San Andreas and

San Jacinto fault zones from inversion of geologic displacement rate data, Geology, 32, 961-964, 2004.

Niemi, N.A., B.P. Wernicke, A.M. Friedrich, M. Simons, R.A. Bennett, and J.L. Davis, BARGEN continuous GPS data across the eastern Basin and Range province, and implications for fault system dynamics, Geophysical Journal International, doi:10.1111/j.1356-246X.2004.02454.x, 2004.

Wernicke, B.P. J.L. Davis, R.A. Bennett, J.E. Normandeau, A.M. Friedrich, N.A. Niemi, Tectonic implications of a dense continuous GPS velocity field at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, Journal of Geophysical Research, 109, B12404, doi:10.129/2003JB002832, 2004.

2003 Davis, J. L., R.A. Bennett, B.P. Wernicke, Assessment of GPS velocity accuracy for the

Basin and Range Geodetic Network (BARGEN), Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 10.1029/2003GL016961, 2003.

Bennett, R.A., B.P. Wernicke, N.A. Niemi, A.M. Friedrich, and J.L. Davis, Contemporary strain fields in the northern Basin and Range province from GPS data, Tectonics, 22, 1008, doi:10.1029/2001TC001355, 2003.

Elosegui, P., J.L. Davis, J.X. Mitrovica, R.A. Bennett, and B.P. Wernicke, Crustal loading near Great Salt Lake, Utah, Geophysical Research Letters, 30, 1111, doi:10.1029/2002GL016579, 2003.

Friedrich, A.M., B.P. Wernicke, N.A. Niemi, R.A. Bennett, and J.L. Davis, Comparison of geodetic and geologic data from the Wasatch region, Utah, and implications for the spectral character of Earth deformation at periods of ten to ten million years, Journal of Geophysical Research, 108, 2199, doi:10.1029/2001JB000682, 2003.

2002

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Bennett, R.A., J.L. Davis, B.P. Wernicke, and J.E. Normandeau, Space geodetic measurements of plate boundary deformation in the western U.S. Cordillera, in Plate Boundary Zones, e.d. Stein, S.A., J.T. Freymueller, AGU Geodynamics Series, Vol 30, 27-55, 2002.

Dixon, T., J. Decaix, F. Farina, K. Furlong, R. Malservisi, R.A. Bennett, F. Suarez-Vidal, J. Fletcher, and J. Lee, Seismic cycle and rheological effects on estimation of present-day slip rates for the Agua Blanca and San Miguel-Vallecitos faults, northern Baja California, Mexico, Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 10.1029/2000JB000099, 2002.

Johansson, J.M., J.L. Davis, H.-G. Scherneck, G.A. Milne, M. Vermeer, J.X. Mitrovica, R.A. Bennett, B. Jonsson, G. Elgered, P. Elosegui, H. Koivula, M. Poutanen, B.O. Ronnang, and I.I. Shapiro, Continuous GPS measurements of postglacial adjustment in Fennoscandia, 1. Geodetic results, Journal of Geophysical Research, 107, 10.1029/2001JB000400, 2002.

2000 Wernicke, B.P., A.M. Friedrich, N.A. Niemi, R.A. Bennett, and J.L. Davis, Dynamics of

plate boundary fault systems from the Basin and Range Geodetic Network (BARGEN) and geologic data, GSA Today, 10, 1-3, 2000.

1999 Bennett, R.A., J.L. Davis, B.P. Wernicke, Present-day pattern of Cordilleran deformation in

the western United States, Geology, 27, 371-374, 1999. 1998 Wernicke, B.P., J.L. Davis, R.A. Bennett, P. Elosegui, M.J. Abolins, R.A. Brady, M.A.

House, N.A. Niemi and J.K. Snow, Anomalous tectonic strain accumulation in the Yucca Mountain area, Nevada, Science, 279, 2096-2100, 1998.

Bennett, R.A., J.L. Davis, and B.P. Wernicke, Continuous GPS measurements of contemporary deformation across the northern Basin and Range province, Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 563-566, 1998.

1997 Bennett, R.A., J.L. Davis, P. Elosegui, B.P. Wernicke, J.K. Snow, M.J. Abolins, M.A. House,

G. L. Stirewalt, and D. A. Ferrill, Global Positioning System Constraints on Fault Slip Rates in the Death Valley Region, California and Nevada, Geophysical Research Letters, 24, 3073-3076 , 1997.

1996 Bennett, R.A., W. Rodi, and R.E. Reilinger, GPS Constraints on Fault Slip Rates in Southern

California and Northern Baja, Mexico, Journal of Geophysical Research, 101, 21,943-21,960, 1996.

BIFROST Project, GPS measurements to constrain geodynamic processes in Fennoscandia, Eos Trans. AGU, 77, 337, 341, 1996.

1995 Bennett, R.A., R.E. Reilinger, W. Rodi, Y. Li, M.N. Toksoz, and K. Hudnut, Coseismic Fault

Slip Associated with the 1992 Mw 6.1 Joshua Tree, California Earthquake: Implications for the Joshua Tree-Landers Earthquake Sequence, Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 6443-6462, 1995.