Revista No. 87.pdf

8/9/2019 Revista No. 87.pdf

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E N: 87A/2015

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ÓRGANO OFICIAL DE LA FEDERACIÓN SINDICAL MUNDIAL REGIÓN AMERICA LATINA Y EL CARIBE

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d aa.• Cc Iaca aa a cc d da a a ca a daac

ada.• Cc Iaca ca ca, a ac, a acac a

d ca.• Cc Iaca b a ca d c d aad.• Cc Iaca ca aad d.• Sd Pc aca d ac aca b dc c c

dad a ab a a d .

A, aa a a dad a cca d Ead a acac d aa, aac, aa adca c d a a adad ca,Ead Ud cc aa a cca d a C Pa Iaca.La db a d a dca ca, cbada b d Ead Ud a aac da a aa.

POBEA DEIGALDAD:

S B I Wa, 66 d a Ead Ud dbad ba d a ba.

D acd a d ad a Fdac aa a Edcac d S, 51% d da d

ca bca d Ead Ud a ba.LA ALD E NEGOCIO:

E Ead Ud a ad ca aada. Paa a ca d 50 d a c d dc a cadad a ca a cba d ad c.E a, 16 ad a ad a aa c d ad bca, dd dc a aad aa b, aaca c acc ad a a ac dca.

MJE EN INFEIOIDAD DE DEECHO:

Paa ad c Ead Ud a b a dcaba, a a ca a d a ac a d a Cc ca adcac d a . E a cada da a b, a ac 78 ca, ca adad d aa.


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100 PEO POLICO EN EADO NIDO:

S a a a cac dca a cc ca ca a ca a ca bada caaa Ead Ud, ca add d 100 c a ca dc c c d a bacaacaa, ddca d P Rc, ca ac ac, dc d a , c.

Aca, aac c a d a bac d ca adad a dc, ba d ba dcadad a acac d aa.

CCELE, NA NEA FOMA DE ECLAID EN EADO NIDO:

La cc ad a a d a aa a ad cac. E acaa d ada Ead Ud a add c dd d a aa aad caca, ca a cc a a d ba baaa cc aa.

D acd a C Iaca d Ed Caca d Ld, Ead Ud 2,3 d a ada d bad, a ca aa d d. A cad a 5%d a bac da, bac cacaa a 23% d ad d bad a ba. La ca c d a ca ada d bad ccca d Ead Ud.

S ad Da S, Ead Ud 2 d aad cada a 95% d a d .

La bac aacaa a 36% d ad d bad Ead Ud, a cad abac a aacaa a d 12,6%. E ca d a acac d ca a, aaca a 59% d cdad 74% d cb cada a.

Aada 4% d aa da 3% d cc d Ead Uda ab ad a cd d ab a d d 20112012. Dd 2013 d d cacad a ac d a cc.Oa abac a aa a d R ca da a dcc d EadUd cdab d d dad ad ba aa ad cad a c cda cc aa ad.

ECLAID MODENA:

E Ead Ud abaad caca cb 17 ca a d aba d 20da a , c a cc d a T aa c a abaad caca.E a cc cc d dc aba, dad ca c a a

a, a, a baa aad aa a caa ada aada da acc a c a a d cad da.

E P ab bca d a cc d Ead Ud. S aba abcad dc T W Wd ad E P Taba Eca a a dd a cc dc a a d a a d ba baaa c d aaca aa , a, c a.D acd a d bcad Obad LBO d Ead Ud (L B Ob), 20%d PIB d Ead Ud d dc a cc. E a acad da dd dc 100% d d cac a, ca d c,cac abaa, caa dcaa; 98% d a d cada d a; 93% d aa c; 92% d ; 46% d cac abaa d c; 36% d cdc;30% d aca, c, aac; 21% d ba d ca. Mca caa c IBM,B, Ma, Mc, AT&T, W, R, Mac`, dcd dd a cc,bcd d a d ba baaa aa b a bc.

PENA DE MEE:

Ead Ud c a aca aca a a d , a dda dcab d d d dc a. S 2014 a c a 35 a.D acd a ad, ac ac da a acac d a ad Ead Ud.

DICIMINACIN ACIAL:

E a d 2014 a Oaac d a Nac Uda dc a cca Ead Ud adcac aca da d a ca da a a d a cdad, aad a dca ca c a d a caa.


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M d c (1/3) d a bac aacaa a d a d dcac; cd d aca cad c a dad d Ead.

S S P La C, a 1001 d d a Ead Ud,cd a, a d K K Ka, acaa bac a , .

Ead Ud a ad a aca a Cc Iaca b a ca dc d aad.

La dad a d Ead Ud a a badad ca ca a bac aacaada a dcac aca d ca d Ead a.

MIGACIN EN EADO NIDO:

D acd a a CEPAL caca Ead Ud a 20,8 d a, d ca, d 11,2 ca dcad, C d Iac PEW.La ca aa aa d d dc a, a a a c a CcIaca aa a cc d dc d d abaad a d aa, aaa a ac d a aba a.

E a c d dc aa a d ca d da ccac aa ab d a. Ead Ud ca aca c add d 400.000 a c d dc, c d d ca a.E Ead Ud C d Dc aa aa a a,

cac d da ccac aa ab d .PO EADO NIDO NO E PAE DE LA CONENCIN OBE LO DEECHO DELNIO? E a cca d 100 a aaca bad a aa aba ad a cc a d Ead. Paa aaa a L d a a d abad Ead Ud, aba d a aca a a d 12 a d dad, aa d aba aca cacad c a d a cac a a.

E ca aca abaa d a daa c d cac cda, a ca, dad dcda ca, ,dcaacdad a .

A a a d aba d Ead Ud c a Acada Eadd d Pdaaadaa a dda d bc a d 16 a aba c ac

ca abaca, a a ca d c cc d a bca d aac a, Pd Obaa a aa a ab d 2012 aaaa cc.

EPLOACIN AGCOLA:

L abaad aca d a dc aba aa ba d ad. L a d cd d da a ab Ead Udc dc a aa , a a a, a dcaac, cc a , a.

D acd a a Oaac SAF d Ead Ud (Eda Acc c Ca) 10% d ad c aca c dc.

C a ac a ada, db a c a a d dc a EadUd d. Pd ca a aa a cc c Ead Ud, a a a a d da a aca aa a c ca

d ac a, cc ca, cad, dcac aca cacca caaa d ac a d a.

P a, ac ca a cac d aca cd c aad cac cca, a a a ca d b d Ead Ud, cad d d ccac, aa dca a ca da ac d dc aaca aba.

E cab cc da IaP Hdb L BacS 2015 b d a Oaac d a Nac Uda (ONU) a 193, a d d c a a ca dc a daac ca d aa IaEad.


15/21


16/21


E a ca acc ada aa ba, ca ad d Ead,a ca a da a, aa c a cca, a ca adaad dd a d cc dcca, 1999, d HC Fa.Dd ac d a dcada a Rc Baaa,dda C cada d NcMad, ca a baa ddca d a ac a cada a ba ad

caa a; c acca a d a ad a ac aacaa, a ba d acc aa a d a ad PCab.Ea bad cda da da a a d dca a ad dad a ca c baa.La a acc d Wa ca Caaca a ddcaa a a c aa a dad dEad Ud, dc abda a d caada a aa d a d b cb a c ada Cb d aAca, cada Paa.La dada aaa aa b a caad a a,cada a aaca add a, a dad a aacad c a a a cdc d da d b a a a ada a a ac c

ca db.C a aba cada aca d c d , aa c d 100 daa d 50 da ba, a aa b daa.Idaa, a a aca aca a acc d dabac: ca acaaa d a dca; cabad d caca aca a a; aaca a aada aba aa caaa d dac d dccac cad a dca.P a a cada d c d cd d 50 %, b a a a d 30 ca ca a a abaca a cca d 20 d a.Ea ca baa a cbd a a dcc d d ba a a d1999, a aca dca aa a d a, a cd c abaca a d 700 000 c aa a Rbca Baaa ca c a a d ,abcda a Oaac d Nac Uda (ONU), aa d dad aaa.La a ac Va d a Oaac d Nac Uda aa a Aac aAca (FAO), Mac Rd, a a c a c a a a ca, cada da 12 a, a d ca daa aa adca ab.E ca ba a dc d bc d 3 000 000 da a a acc a a, aa ca aa c a da.Rd a a a d a ca a dbc d a a a d aa, a aa aa aa a ca cc d 37 % d aca 1999 a 60,7% 2014.Paa a FAO, Va a dbc d a a aa, a a a ccadac a c d d a ac a ad a a a ca ca a d a d Aca Laa d Cab, a dd adadad ca.Td bc a a d a ad aa ba d b a acaac d ada d dcab ca c a bada d 299 953 d ba d cd 198 368 b d cbc d a.

Ua da d a aca d a dda ac dca c bc a a bac aa P d Va (Pda) a da a d 2014 d 128 000 dba a da ca a d 128 000 d da d ca 105000 cd a ac a a .A c a dc d ca b a ad d aad a, d d Pda,E D P, a d d dcc cca a 2,9 d bada, a aaca a ada d 12 000 d da, a a a a a FdNaca aa Da Naca (Fd) 10 400 d da.C a cbc d Pda a dd a a a a aa aaac, dcac, ad, dad ca, d, ca, da, a cac.E cc, a ad ca d d baa a c b a a accdabada d Ead Ud d a a d a dca ca, a a aa aa bc d aba.


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Ka AadaV a c c c. La c ca d caa a a ca c da da a aab d a cac. Da c a ada d d da cada Ja, a U Ea Ead Ud, ba da d a a ca, a dad d, dad a c cc a d add d aa a ca d a ca a da d a a a a a d ca d d a a aba, a cada cc, d d c.Ead Ud c aa d a a a d a cada d d ca d a USca, da d a aadca a daac d aaaa a ca a, a ca aca ca ca, daba c a d a a a ba a d d c add d a a ca Ead Ud a ca.H da, c ac d a c ca d caa c d caaa c d ac d ab c, d aa a a ada d dda cada Ead Ud, Ca Ra; d b c a aac a a a d ca. La ac ca a ad da d b ca aca caa d a cc c b ca.E dc d a a add a d acaada d a a b,c, cc a, c b d a da, a dda d ad c, db acaad da a dac a a ba ad ab c.O La c Cb d a Aca ba ca a a ca dda Ead Ud d, a a a, c da aa a a a. E a a ca ab baa, d d caa ba ca a ad a Aca Laa dd c

adca dcaca caa a , Obaa aa d caa M d aCa, a OEA bda aa, d a a d Aca Laa Cabc a caa d c d cac aa abc d a ac c Cba.P bcad b , aca d a a a a Cba baba a , ca Va, a ca aca Aca Laa Cab bab c d d a a Obaa bc ba aac a dad a a dad ac aacaa, a a cc cc d.La a ca Va a d b ac a aa daba a a d ALBA daa acd c Pcab, aa a a caca cab d a. N caadad Obaa a c Cac a d aa a Paa, d d a aa dda c Icaa aSdad Eca d Cab [1].Y b c baa b d a a a, d a aab a d a a ca. La Eaa d Sdad Naca [2] d Ead Ud

a a d a a Obaa cca a Ba c c d ca a a dad Ca, Ida Ra, ad d ad d a aba c d d cbb ab. N caadad a a a a d ba aadd c dad a Aaa. Aa ab cada d aaca dca Eaa ca a a b d G20, bab a da dc dcacad c a CIA d b aa ca a baaca cca d a.O d a a d c ca a Eaa d Sdad Naca d aca d a Caa Baca, Daa d Ead P, Mc [3]. RaMc c a d Ead Ud c a d d c c d Cab a ca Caca a d a a add b c. La cabac d a [4] Mc aa da d adad a a adad a c a d d a add a aa ca, aa, c


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Pac Mc a a ca, a a d baa caa a a ca aa.F a a ac aacaa caba, Ead Ud aa aad a .Tab a d a a ca aca dc dd USAID, NED aaac ada a Daa d Ead a CIA a a c d dca a cb d da a [5]. Ua a dca ccada bca dc a aca da ab a c a c dc dad a adca a ba. Ua c c dcca c ac ac d da dada a a da adca a.O

E b cc ca dc d a a a ad Ead Ud daa a dcada dbd a a dcc d a cdad, d db accc cc , d cada ad dc ca, d a dda bca a a 100% d PIB 60 b d da. P a a d a dda d caacdad b cca cc, b ac a daa a dad dcb d a ca cacaaa. A a d dd 2007 Ca a ca dca d a ada, 84% da aaca b ad a d caaa add, cd b ca dd a aaca c ac a aad d 47% d 2007 a66% 2013 [6]. A , 45% d a 500 ca a aaca d caaadd, a c a ba a d d d ccac c ac dc abac da.La a cca aa ab aaa a baa ca add a a d aacc d a d d ac a a d aa ca aaca dca. P a cca, a d dad a cc, abcca c ba d c a 60 70 USD [7], a c

c aca a ddca d a ad a.E a b a a a cca d aad d b cc. P ad bcad a TLCAN a ac bdada d Mc aa aaa acc a c aa a ca cac a Acd Eac TaPacc dAcac Ecca (TPP) [8] aa aa ca a a AaPacc ad d aa a cc ca d Ca a a. E aad ca d a Acac Taacaaa Cc a I (TTIP) [9], aad a c cad c a UEa c a d dcad, aaa cc cd abad aca. E TTIP d, a ca ca, a a aba aa ac ac, a ac d a baa aaa a dcc d dc d abaaddd caad a dd a ac a b. A dda a d Ead Ud a a Aaa d Pacc, c b d daa c dac aacaa caba; aaa c c cc a aaa aa d ab baad 92% d cc aa, a 35% dcc a d a b (Mc, Cba, P C) [10]. S ba a aa aa b ca dd a a d c d ac ca cUNASUR CELAC a dd, c d ac cca c Cac SICA, aa d dca ac cca c Bac d S Sc, a aaac, b d ca d a cca a da Va, d ca d ca.P bab ca c d Ead Ud, da, ba a aa. U da dc c ca da aca a a d d a ca, add ca a a b, a a cad a ad Ca Ra aacc cca, b d a a ca d a [11].O E a a, a a d ad da d d a 10 c a d Ca, ca c 250 a ca a a +5000 d EadUd [12], d ad d 10 a [13] a a ca a ca d acaacca, a c c d da ac c a.

Ead Ud d d ca c a , d a c a b . S caca ca Ia Aa a cad a cbadd d 3 b d da [14], a cad a bc dc da.La ca aa c a b a dac a, , ab b c a caa aaa c ca cac. E c B dcObaa d aa.Ucaa bab ca aca ba d a ca. E Ucaa Ead Ud a da aca a a d Ra, a a d c a d Ead b a a a a d a OTAN aca , da a a d Ca a Ra. A a a cdd Sa, dd ba ca c d, a acac d a CIA a ca aa ca a a a c, a dd


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ca a bd aca a ad cd Ead Ic [15],acaad ab b d dca a Pd Baa A Aad.L acc a bad a a ca acd c I, d ca ad d d a, b a c ca, c d a a ca abdad ab c d O Md. Ic c Ca a ad a daa cadd a adad b d a a a ca d Y a a d b Aaba Sad.A a d aa da aca ca d baaa c, d da EadUd dad ca d baaa, d cbac a.

Y a a ca a Na Aca, d a cd.S Paa, d d a a Cb d a Aca, 12 ba a add[16]; P acaba d a acd aa aa d 3.500 a c d a ca ca acc [17]; Cba, a ca aa b da ca Sdaca, Cad S d a Fa add (SOUTHCOM) [18]da c ca cbaa ad a d ca a ca dd a d Aca Laa Cab, aca d Mc Caca, RbcaDcaa, P Paaa. Ba d a ca ca a da aad d d, Ead Ud d ca a da a Icaa Mda, a IcaaRa aa a Sdad Cacaa (CARSI), dad Pa Bd aa T NCaca a Icaa d Sdad aa a Cca d Cab (CBIS).E E a ab d a dda d a cdc d ca ca d Ead Ud ada a a d dac a Ca, a c a d c Eadcac. Ua Ca a a d da d cad , a a d c

aca cc, 2014 cc 74% [19] (Ead Ud cc 2.4%,a Ea 08% Ja 02%), a cd d a d d [20] a d a PIB a d Ead Ud.Pca a cdad d c aa aa ccd ac Ca aa daada ca d d bad ac aca a ad ca ac cRa dcd abdad ca, a a abc a d aaa c ca Aca Laa aa d c aa ca aa da d ca. P daa ac cca cca baada a a c cc dcada a dd Ca c d aa a ba a aca aacacab.P ca ca dd Ca ca a c a a a ca d Ead Ud ccac da a cac d Bac Ac d I Iaca (BAII) [21], c N Bac d Da d BRICS, a a aaca aca aca dac a a d Bac Mda Fd MaIaca (dd a ca d 171% d d a 37% c). E BAII X J 2013 cd a cb d 2014 B c 21 adad (Ca, Ida, Taada, Maaa, Sa, Fa, Pa, Baad, B, Caba,Kaa, Ka, La , Maa, Ma, Na, O, Qaa, S Laa, Ub Va), a da d a ca c 57 a d 5 c (34 ac, 18 , 2 aca, 2 dOcaa 1 d Aca Laa, d c a BRICS) c da a, a d c aad d Ead Ud c Ga Baa, Aaa,Faca, Aaba Sad Ia. E caa ca d BAII aa c d aca, ccdad, aaab aa bc a cad 100 d da, d Caaa 50% [22].Ca a, c 4 b d da a [23], ac a c cbCaCELAC Pd X J, a a 10 a 250 d da Aca Laa Cab [24] , a aad d da a ba a d a C d Wa, a c baa C d B.H

E bab Ead Ud Ca c da a cad ada a d d a d c b d , a cbac d da ca,dca daca. P a a a cc dca add d 2016, ac ca d dda d a a ca, cca b d ada a dac a a a ca ca caaa aa dd, aa a caba.Db dad ca a a a a d a aa Aca Laa, dd ab d a cac d a d b d da a da a a a ca ca, ad d a caacdad a a ba aa dad c d ac aacaa caba b c, cc, ac, c, cc ca.


20/21


Ra ca a RaNa

P Hdb L BacS d aa c da dad c c d Rd Ra, dc dFd Ma Iaca cd d b a dd dca J

Maa Aa, a c a c. La a aa d a bac d a adad aacca d a ba adaa d c a cb d aad a cc d Pad Pa.E ab d Eca Hacda d d Baa, acad a Fcaa dMadd d d d ad ca, aa d b ba d caa, a aada aa 15ca d a Aca baa a dc dac a ba dSaaaca dd dca aa caa c dcac dad.L ca b d Sad, Sa R (Cd), dac d abadPaa dc d aa d c d a dc dad.Ta c a d , Ra d bad a a a a d a ac c.La ac d d a ca d FMI ac a a aa ca abada c d Maa Ra 2012, daa a a a a d 705 ad Sc Ec d Pc Ba d Caa (Sbac).Ad a caa a a ac d c dca: a ada a ba d Baa

d a aa bac d Caa Madd d Baa.Md d a a a ad , Ra a a ca a Sa, a a d ab. E dcb d 2014, UPD, c aacac ca d d Baa aac dbda, adad dca adac da, c d a aa a a a.P , a Fcaa d a da a dad aca aa b d a cac, d d d d cad 78 ca d d 13 bacd.S da a E Pa, da a ca a b a c aad a Fcaa, cc Ra abaa c Saad (ca c dBa), Caaba Bac Sabad.E caad ad dcaac a da a d da a cdad aac dc, a a a d a Dad I, cda c ca, cdad c aa ca, aba ada aa ad a aa.Ad d a ca Dad, a cdad cada E Maaa d Iac SL,c b ca acdad a, cca cca. N ad cda 2013, c d a d 38 373 , ac d 1,81 .Oa dad, Eac Caabaa a d dc d Ra, Madd dd 1999 ddca a a dcc d a dcca. E 2013 bc d 170 533 aa d 55 032 .E c d a caa d Ra a aac Ra SL., c b ca a d b ba ca a c caa d 369 315 2012. Dacada dd2009 a a Ra Taa, ddcaba ab a a baa.Radaa G 3, 2013 d 171 573 , c a a d 10 816 aac d 3,97 d P aa Kadaa, a d a a bca VaWa c d Sad (Cd). Sc 2001 ddcada a caa d b ba ca a c ad, ac d 5,3 , a a dcaada d 360 000 dda d 60000 2013.

A a d ada d J Maa Aa (19962004), Ra ac d d cc d a, c c , a d a ca a caaaada d a a b a. Rd Ra ac Madd 18 d a d 1949, d Eca 1996 2004 cd (20032004). D, aaa c d d PSOE, J L RdZaa, ca d dc d Fd Ma Iaca (FMI) aa d 19 d d 2007 cad a ba a. D ac Baa d 2010 a 2012.E 1996, ac ba a Pad Pa (d Aa) a a ca cabda aa , a bad d Eca Hacda, aaba a a a da aac d a bca: Aaa,Tabacaa, Tca, Eda, R, a.


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La cb ca d Ra 2007, a acaac d 2011 cad d FMI c a cca a a acac d a 2004 2007.E a a c a bba d a aba a ac aca dd a Ga D d 1929.E dc c dcca aaa, baaa a, aa d ccac, aac, ca, aca, aa d c a d a dcc d FMI d a c a abaaaba.La ca d Rd ab d a a b d AcaLaa aa adaa ca baa aba c c a a

caa aaca aa ba cc. C d FMI, a Ecad b d 2005, a ac adca ab a aa cb aa dda d adad d aac.Iab a a caac d a da dda ba a a a dbac a c a a b dc d Aca Laa d Ea Occda, c a Eaa.Ra, d d ca d c bac, ca a aa. E c d d a, a aa ca.

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Revista No. 87.pdf