Review copies received July 2004 IISD's Research Library continuously receives new books on sustainable development. At the beginning of each month short reviews of some of the notable new books are posted here along with a link to the publishers information on the Internet. The following titles are available from: The MIT Press New Society Publishers 5 Cambridge Center P.O. Box 189 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142 USA Gabriola Island, BC V0R 1X0 Canada, Web site: http://mitpress.mit.edu Web Site: webmaster@newsociety.com Telephone: +1-617-625-8569 Telephone: +1-250-247-9737 Fax: +1-617-625-6660 Fax: +1 -250-247-7471 Greenwood Publishing Group (Praeger) Earthscan Linacre House, Jordan Hill Oxford OX2 8DP, UK 8-12 Camden High Street Web Site: http://www.greenwood.com London, NW1 0JH, UK Telephone: +44(0)1865-888181 Web Site: http://www.earthscan.co.uk Fax: +44(0)1865-314981 Telephone: +44 (0)20 7387 8558 Fax: +44 (0)20 7387 8998 Global profit and global justice : using your money to change the world.

Abbey, Deb; Abbey, Perry; Draimen, Tim; Mees, Adine; Strandberg, Coro. Gabriola Island, BC : New Society Publishers, 2004. x, 228 p. Abstract: Although debate still rages about the merits of globalization, the fact remains that it is inevitable. But instead of people expending their energies on fighting the global economy, we may be much better off trying to shape it. Global Profit and Global Justice shows how you can use your money creatively to change the world for the better. It aims to empower people to leverage capital for progressive social and environmental change. Arguing that the marketplace is a viable forum for individuals to effect such change, it shows that consumers and investors already have many tools at their disposal to help ensure that the benefits of globalization are distributed equitably. Call No.: 11.02.06, ABB, 2004 /GLOBALIZATION/ /SOCIAL ASPECTS/ /INVESTMENT/ /SOCIAL JUSTICE/ /ETHICS/ /SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY/

Sustainable mobility : renewable energies for powering fuel cell vehicles .

Edinger, Raphael; Kaul, Sanjay. Westport, CT : Praeger, 2003. viii, 134 p. Abstract: With energy consumption rising and with it our dependence on crude oil from politically uncertain regions, and faced with the threat to the environment from polluting emissions, it is becoming ever more evident that fuels from renewable resources are an increasingly attractive option to fossil fuels. Edinger and Kaul, like a growing number of other experts, hold the mobility of populations--transportation, in other words--responsible for the rise in the rate of greenhouse gas emissions, a condition that can only get worse as less developed regions of the world emerge with their own needs and demands for mobility.

What to do? Edinger and Kaul outline in sharp detail the shortcomings of current vehicular technologies and dominant fossil fuels. They present a careful, authoritative examination of innovative technologies that in their opinion have the best chance of combating dangerous reliance on conventional means of power, not only for transportation but other purposes as well. And they focus on special forms of fuel cell drive systems, with their high efficiencies and reduced consumptions, and on other emerging renewable technologies and their innovative, sustainable power sources--such as fuels from biomass and renewable electricity, a particularly promising source of energy for newly growing economies. Wide ranging in coverage, forthright in style, the book is an important review of how things are today, why they could get worse, but perhaps most importantly, what we can do about it. Call No.: 10.04.01, EDI, 2003 /ELECTRIC VEHICLES/ /ENERGY CONSERVATION/ /ENERGY EFFICIENCY/ /VEHICLES/ /FUELS/ /RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES/ /TRANSPORT/

The global Internet economy. Kogut, Bruce; ed. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press, 2003. xvi, 520 p. Abstract: By 2002, all but a handful of countries were connected to the Internet. The intertwining of the Internet and the globalization of finance, corporate governance, and trade raises questions about national models of technology development and property rights. The sudden ability of hundreds of millions of users to gain access to a global communication infrastructure spurred the creation of new firms and economic opportunities. The Internet challenged existing institutions and powerful interests: Technology was global, but its economic and business development was molded in the context of prevailing national institutions. Comparing the experiences of seven countries--France, Germany, India, Japan, Sweden, South Korea, and the United States--this book analyzes the rise of the Internet and its impact on changing national institutions. Each country chapter describes how the Internet developed, evaluates the extent to which the Silicon Valley model was adopted, and suggests why certain sectors and technologies developed faster than others. The book also analyzes specific Internet sectors and regulations across countries. It shows that the Internet's effects are more evolutionary than revolutionary. At the same time, the impact of broad cultural change on entrepreneurial aspirations is clearly visible in certain nations, especially India and Sweden. Call No.: 08.16.01, KOG, 2003 /INTERNET/ /ECONOMIC ASPECTS/ /CROSS CULTURAL ANALYSIS/ /SOCIAL ASPECTS/ /COMMERCE/

Human rights and the environment : conflicts and norms in a globalizing world. Zarsky, Lyuba; ed. London : Earthscan Publications, 2002. xvi, 288 p. Abstract: The interface between human rights and the environment connects issues of social justice, environmental quality and ecosystem integrity. It is fraught with conflicts that have been made more acute and far-reaching by rapid economic globalization. Those same processes of globalization have highlighted the need for ethical standards and norms wherever conflicts arise, particularly in developing countries which often have weak institutions and systems of redress. Through careful and sensitive exploration of case studies spanning the entire developing world, this book shows how these new standards might be

approached and the conditions they must meet to address fundamental issues of land rights, mineral and oil extraction, environmental ethics and development strategies. By showing what legal and institutional innovation is needed to mediate disputes and to enforce new ethics in the global economy that promote both human rights and environmental sustainability, this book makes a significant contribution to the development process as a whole. Call No.: 04.02.01, ZAR, 2002 /HUMAN RIGHTS/ /ENVIRONMENT/ /GLOBALIZATION/ /ETHICS/ /MINING/ /CONFLICTS/ /TRADE LIBERALIZATION/ /LAND TENURE/

The principles of sustainability. Dresner, Simon. London : Earthscan Publications, 2002. 200 p. Abstract: At a time of increasingly rapid environmental deterioration, sustainability is one of the most important issues facing the world today. Can we create a sustainable society? What would that mean? How could we set about doing it? How can we bring such a profound change in the way things are organized? This book tackles these questions directly. It goes beyond the rhetoric to explain the deeper issues in a way that is accessible and interesting to the non-specialist reader. It covers: the historical development of the concept of sustainability; contemporary debates about how to achieve it; the obstacles to sustainability and the prospects for overcoming them. Call No.: 00.02.00, DRE, 2002 /SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT/ /HISTORY/ /ECONOMIC ASPECTS/ /ETHICS/ /POLITICAL SYSTEMS/

Urban livelihoods : a people-centred approach to reducing poverty. Rakodi, Carole; ed.; Lloyd-Jones, Tony; ed. London : Earthscan Publications, 2002. xxii, 306 p. Abstract: The rapid urbanization of the poor in developing countries requires appropriately conceived, people-centred strategies for addressing critical development challenges such as health, employment, education and the living environment, and innovative ways of identifying problems and potential solutions. The ‘livelihoods approach’ to poverty reduction outlined in this book provides a valuable framework for understanding the opportunities and assets available to poor people and the sources of their vulnerability, as well as the impact upon them of external organizations, processes and policies. It identifies the fundamental importance of a genuine commitment from national and international political actors to addressing the concerns of the poor, accompanied by governance structures and processes that are responsive to the claims and needs of diverse groups. Based on recent and extensive research, Urban Livelihoods assesses the value of a focus on livelihoods in analysing urban poverty and in guiding the selection of policy and programme components. It reviews the situation and strategies of poor urban people, including recent project experience, and identifies the implications of this for both policy and practice. Call No.: 14.04.03, RAK, 2002 /URBAN POPULATION/ /URBAN DEVELOPMENT/ /URBAN AGRICULTURE/ /POVERTY/ /POVERTY ALLEVIATION/ /COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT/ /DEVELOPING COUNTRIES/ /HEALTH/ /INDIA/ /JAMAICA/ /ZAMBIA/ /LIVELIHOODS /DPDL URBAN

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Latest Additions to the International Institute for Sustainable DevelopmentInformation Centre July 2004 African land tenure : questioning basic assumptions.

Lund, Christian. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2000. 25p. Abstract: Keen attention has been paid for some time to development narratives. Various writers have demonstrated how such narratives, even when proved wanting, contribute to standardise, package, and label development problems and justify very simple and standard off-the-peg solutions (Roe, 1991; Hoben, 1995; Leach and Mearns 1996). Narratives are based on assumptions of certain causal relationships and subsequently used to justify interventions, privilege certain institutions and favour certain groups, and they are therefore often peddled by specific stake-holders. This is also true for the domain of land tenure in Africa and in the Sahel. One of the central issues of land tenure in the West African Sahel is the confrontation and mutual emulation between customary tenure systems and the statutory or formal land laws (IIED, 1999; Lund, 1998: 9-19). The construction of a ‘modern’ and a ‘traditional’ realm both veils very complex historical and socio-political realities, and constitutes an institutional reality with political ramifications. One of the results has been the construction of conceptual dichotomies which have given rise to essentialist as well as teleological assumptions. Two assumptions stand out as particularly persistent and influential. First, it has often been argued that private property is inherently un- African. Second, it is often claimed that private property is a prerequisite for investment and development. Both statements purport to explain the ‘absence’ of development through property - or rather lack of property. In a simplified form, one might put it like this: ‘One of the reasons why agricultural development is so unsatisfactory in sub-Saharan Africa in terms of productivity and sustainability is that there is no investment; this is due to the lack of security of tenure which, in turn, is due to the absence of private property’. The problem is, obviously, that if these underlying assumptions are wrong or only have circumstantial validity, policies based on them may not only fail to achieve the expected results, they may actually amplify the problems they seek to address. The objective of this chapter is to give examples of policies that illustrate how these lines of reasoning inform and fashion development efforts. I shall then point out some of the weaknesses in the underlying assumptions and implied causal relationships in these policies. The ambition is not to replace one set of assumptions with another, merely to point out that the multiple, shifting, recombining and constantly-negotiated practices of rural Africa warrant empirical validation. Most of the contributions in the book of which this paper forms a chapter (see note 1) bear witness to that. My argument is thus intended to be polemical rather than a comprehensive effort to establish new theories. I shall simply argue that we do actually have evidence of privatisation processes of African rural land, including in the Sahel, and that we do have evidence to suggest that the linkage between security of tenure and private property is circumstantial and in many cases not as simple as suggested. Indeed, privatisation often seems to hamper rather than enhance land tenure security. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2000, no.100

Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip100eng.pdf /LAND TENURE/ /PROPERTY/ /OWNERSHIP/ /AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT/ /PRIVATIZATION/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY /DEVELOPMENT NARRATIVES

Auditing water issues : experiences of Supreme Audit Institutions. International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions . Working Group on Environmental Auditing [s.l.] : INTOSAI Working Group on Environmental Auditing, 2004. 71p. Call No.: 17.05.05, INT, 2003 /WATER/ /AUDITING/ /INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS/ /WATER MANAGEMENT/

Basic principles of sustainable development [Electronic resource]. Harris, Jonathan M. Tufts University . Global Development and Environment Institute Medford, MA : Tufts University. Global Development and Environment Institute, 2000. 26p. Abstract: Great ideas are usually simple ideas. While the specific analysis of any important topic will necessarily involve complexity and subtlety, the fundamental concepts which underlie powerful paradigms of thought are usually relatively straightforward and easy to grasp. In the area of social science, ideas which affect millions of people and guide the policies of nations must be accessible to all, not just to an elite. Only thus can they permeate institutions from the local to the global level, and become a part of the human landscape, part of the fabric within which we define our lives. Such is the concept of development. Call No.: S - Sustainable Development /HAR Online at: http://www.ase.tufts.edu/gdae/publications/working_papers/Sustainable%20Development.PDF ELOCN:\\Metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\Harris.pdf /SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT/

Bridging research and policy : an annotated bibliography. de Vibe, Maja; Hovland, Indeborg; Young, John. Overseas Development Institute London : Overseas Development Institute, 2002. vi, 76p. Abstract: This annotated bibliography contains summaries of 100 documents from various streams of literature relevant to the issue of ‘Bridging Research and Policy’. It is part of ODI’s Bridging Research and Policy Project. In order to facilitate access to the various summaries, the bibliography has been divided into three key themes that roughly, though not completely, correspond to the three dimensions elaborated in the framework paper ‘Bridging Research and Policy: Context, Links and Evidence’ (Emma Crewe and John Young, 2002). Call No.: S - Reference /DEV Online at: http://www.odi.org.uk/rapid/Publications/Documents/wp174.pdf ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\ODIwp174.pdf /RESEARCH/ /POLICY MAKING/ /BIBLIOGRAPHIES/

Building partnerships for urban waste management in Bamako.

Keita, Modibo. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2001. 21p. Abstract: Bamako has grown enormously since the 1960s, when it had around 80,000 inhabitants living in a dozen or so districts. Since then, rural exodus and a high birth rate have driven the population up to its current estimated level of 1,200,000. The city has expanded into about sixty urban and outlying districts, most of which face severe problems caused by the fact that the urban infrastructure and amenities have not developed at the same pace as the population. The rural exodus that has sent so many into Bamako is partly due to the failings of development policies, and the liberalisation of the economy that began in the 1980s. The public domain has become increasingly democratic since the process of decentralising began in 1991, and civil society and elected local governments now play a much greater and more active role in managing local affairs (Toé, 1997). In 1992, the municipality, small businesses involved in waste disposal, NGOs and community-based groups in Commune IV, one of Bamako’s districts, started collaborating on an urban waste management initiative. Involving people from disadvantaged areas and focusing on the cultural aspects of urban waste management, an approach to sustainable local development and improving the urban environment was developed. This successful exercise has now been institutionalised. This paper presents the approach followed, starting with an analysis of the case of Commune IV in Bamako. It goes on to outline the most important aspects of the processes, methods and tools used, and highlights some of the most important results and lessons learned. Finally, a more systematic approach to stimulate sustainable development within the context of decentralisation is then proposed, taking account of the need to provide basic social services and address issues related to natural resource management. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2001, no.105 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /WASTE MANAGEMENT/ /URBAN POPULATION/ /SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT/ /DECENTRALIZATION/ /AFRICA/

Catalyzing coastal management in Kenya and Zanzibar : building capacity and commitment. In: Coastal management 28 (1, 2000) : 75-85

Hale, Lynne Zeitlin; Amaral, Mark; Issa, Abdulrahman S.; Mwandotto, B. A. J. Abstract: Site-based projects were initiated in Chawka Bay-Paje, Zanzibar, and Nyali-Bamburi-Shanzu, Kenya, to demonstrate the benefits of an integrated coastal management (ICM) approach for addressing coastal issues such as tourism development and enhancement of resource-dependent village economies in eastern Africa. A two-year, multidonor project used three primary strategies to make rapid, but sustainable, progress toward ICM. These included using interagency government teams for ICM planning, adopting an internationally recognized framework for ICM as a project ''road map,'' and explicitly incorporating capacity-building strategies into all aspects of the project. Within two years, integrated ICM action strategies, prepared through participatory processes, were being implemented at both sites, and both teams were working to expand the scale and scope of ICM in their nation. More importantly, the project helped create committed, capable, interagency groups that continue to work together to address urgent ICM issues. Call No.: S - Environmental Management - Africa /HAL

/CAPACITY BUILDING/ /COASTAL WATERS/ /ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT/ /INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT/ /EAST AFRICA/ /POLICY MAKING/ /KENYA/ /TANZANIA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Challenges in managing nonprofit organizations : a research overview [Electronic resource]. In: Voluntas : international journal of voluntary and nonprofit organizations 15 (2, 2004) : 101-116

Helmig, Bernd; Jegers, Marc; Lapsley, Irvine. Abstract: The topic of "management" and nonprofit organizations (NPOs) continues to fascinate scholars. This paper draws on varying theoretical perspectives to explore their respective contributions to our knowledge of NPOs. The two longstanding and contrasting disciplines of economics and sociology have contributed most, traditionally, to the study of NPOs. However, neither of these disciplines has resolved all the dilemmas associated with NPOs. The standard economic model does not apply well to the distinctive nonmarket situation of NPOs. The sociological perspectives offer interesting insight, but fail to develop plans of action for NPOs. However, both of these traditional perspectives are starting to be eclipsed by the focus on marketing research. Call No.: S - NGOs/HEL ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\Helmig.pdf /NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS/ /MANAGEMENT/ /MARKETING/

Chasing progress : beyond measuring economic growth : the power of well-being. New Economics Foundation London : New Economics Foundation, 2004. 6 p. Abstract: Every society clings to a myth by which it lives; ours is the myth of economic progress. That’s why the year-on-year performance of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) continues to dominate national policy and fascinate the media. But a new composite Measure of Domestic Progress (MDP) -- designed to factor in the environmental and social costs of growth -- highlights how far off-track we might be in our relentless pursuit of GDP (Figure 1). The results are salutary: 1. GDP has soared in the last 50 years; but MDP has struggled to take off at all. 2. The divergence is especially transparent over the last 30 years: GDP increased by 80 per cent, but MDP fell sharply during the 1980s and has not yet regained its 1976 peak. 3. In spite of improvements in air and water quality, environmental costs have risen by 300 per cent in the last half century (Figure 3). 4. Social costs have risen 600 per cent in the same period with a staggering 13-fold increase in the costs of crime and a four-fold increase in the costs of family breakdown (Figure 4). 4. The Labour Government has so far failed to curb income inequality which rose by a factor of seven during the last 50 years. 5. MDP bears a closer resemblance to life-satisfaction data -- which has not risen for 30 years (Figure 5) -- than it does to GDP. 6. The ‘hidden’ costs of future climate change and resource depletion constitute a continuing threat to longterm economic stability. In short, the persistent divergence of MDP from GDP raises difficult questions for the Government’s Sustainable Development Strategy, and casts serious doubts on the myth of economic progress. Call No.: S - SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT - INDICATORS/NEF Online at: http://www.neweconomics.org/gen/uploads/izgu3e45tr1dy0e2qzb4wt5516032004125132.pdf ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS

pdfs\NEF_Chasing_Progress.pdf /ECONOMIC GROWTH/ /QUALITY OF LIFE/ /INDICATORS/

Community forest management : lessons from Zimbabwe. Katerere, Yemi; Guveya, Emmanuel; Muir, Kay. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 1999. 11p. Abstract: This paper is a summary of a case study by Katerere and Guveya (1998). The case study was undertaken following observations that despite a lack of incentives, and in the absence of clearly defined rights over forest and forest products of Zimbabwe, some communities in the communal areas are engaged in the management of woodland and forest resources and value the diverse and varied functions of the forests. Chihota and Seke Communal Areas were selected as case study areas based on the involvement of local communities in forest management practices. The community forest and woodland management initiatives were observed to be internally driven and occurred in the absence of formal devolution of authority to local level institutions. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 1999, no.89 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /FORESTS/ /FOREST CONSERVATION/ /FOREST MANAGEMENT/ /COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION/ /LOCAL LEVEL/ /ZIMBABWE/ /AFRICA/

Community management of natural resources in Namibia. Jones, Brian T. B. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 1999. 23p. Abstract: With a population growing at 3.2% a year (UNDP 1996), it is crucial that viable approaches to sustainable resource management are developed if environmental degradation and economic decline are to be avoided. The process of addressing sustainable development on communal land has been initiated by the Namibian Government which, among other activities, has put its faith in a community-based approach to natural resource management (CBNRM). This approach aims to provide communal area residents with appropriate incentives to use their resources sustainably and combines reform of policy and legislation with implementation at community level. In developing this approach, the challenge has been to adhere to the national policy of avoiding ethnic compartmentalisation, while also using institutional structures that fit with the traditions of rural society and are thus socially acceptable. A further challenge has been to develop a system flexible enough to meet the needs of Namibia's cultural and environmental diversity. The system has to cater for small scattered settlements in the arid north west where people, livestock and wildlife move over large areas to survive, compared to the wetter north east with its large villages, more settled population and a much greater emphasis on crop farming. In some areas of the country traditional institutions are still strongly supported by local people, while in other areas they have become much weaker. Namibia is probably going further than any other African country in developing policy and legislation that devolves authority over natural resources directly to local rural communities. The CBNRM approach, although currently based on wildlife and tourism, has the potential to provide an umbrella for integrated natural resource planning and management by local communities as well as an institutional model for other sectors.

Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 1999, no.90 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /RESOURCES MANAGEMENT/ /COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION/ /SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE/ /COMMUNAL LAND/ /NAMIBIA/ /AFRICA/

Community-based land tenure management : questions and answers about Tanzania's new Village Land Act, 1999.

Wily, Liz Alden. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2003. 59p. Abstract: In 1999, Tanzania enacted a basic new land law in the form of the Land Act and the Village Land Act. The latter lays out the legal framework and procedures for most of Tanzania’s rural land to henceforth be governed through a community-based land tenure management system. This devolves authority over land administration, land management and dispute resolution to the community level. This paper aims to provide a very simple but comprehensive explanation of the Village Land Act, which came into effect in May 2001. It includes a list of questions and answers about the new law, which were originally for Tanzanian District Councils as base material upon which they developed simple material aids and guidelines for villagers. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2003, no.120 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip120eng.pdf /LAND TENURE/ /COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION/ /LEGISLATION/ /LAND MANAGEMENT/ /TANZANIA/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Comparing intensive, extensified and organic grassland farming in southern Germany by process life cycle assessment. In: Agriculture, ecosystems and environment 83 (2001): 43-53

Haas, Guido; Wetterich, Frank; Kopke, Ulrich. Abstract: To reduce the environmental burden of agriculture, suitable methods to comprehend and assess the impact on natural resources are needed. One of the methods considered is the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, which was used to assess the environmental impacts of 18 grassland farms in three different farming intensities--intensive, extensified, and organic--in the Allgau region in southern Germany. Call No.: S - Agriculture-Europe/HAS /AGRICULTURE/ /ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT/ /FARMING SYSTEMS/ /GERMANY/ /LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT (LCA)/

Computational economics: special issues: computational techniques in the field of environmental economics. In: Computational economics 18 (2, October 2001): 137-231

Duraiappah, Anantha Kumar; ed.; Tol, Richard S.J.; ed. Kluwer,231 p. Call No.: S - Economics /DUR /ENVIRONMENTAL ECONOMICS/

Considerations in evaluating the cost-effectiveness of environmental health interventions. Hutton, Guy. World Health Organization . Department of Protection of the Human Environment

Geneva : World Health Organization, 2000. ix, 88p. Abstract: This document has been developed with the aim to provide an overview of currently used methods for economic evaluation and to discuss implications of using these methods for evaluating environmental health interventions. It aims at formulating recommendations for future evaluations in environmental health. The document is intended to contribute to the methodological discussions, and in particular the development of guidelines for evaluation of cost-effectiveness in the framework of WHO’s initiatives, and other ongoing work in this area. This work constitutes a background document with preliminary considerations of methods for economic evaluations in environmental health. This document in particular focuses on what is peculiar to environmental health interventions, and therefore how the conduct of economic evaluations may need to be different to other health interventions. The main peculiarity, or difference, is that environmental health is a cross-cutting area. Environmental health interventions may need to be addressed, funded and implemented by various sectors (the health sector, the environment sector, the industrial sector, the transport sector, water or infrastructure services). In return, the benefits from environmental health interventions also accrue to various sectors and sometimes also to fulfil basic needs and increase the comfort or quality of life of the receiver (such as improved water supply). This issue raises the question: "Who will pay for (which part of) the intervention?". In relation to economic evaluation, therefore, it should be decided how the benefits should be accounted for in the cost-effectiveness (or cost-benefit) ratio. Furthermore, environmental health also deals with some exposures with very longterm effects, such as climate change, certain occupational exposures, changes in ecosystems with (short and) long-term effects on health, for example through the change in vector populations. Discounting health, even at very small rates, would make almost any impacts with very long latencies seem negligible, thus raising the question "how can discounting for long-term health effects be compatible with the concepts of prevention and sustainability?" Call No.: 02.03.02, WHO, HUT, 2000 Online at: http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/en/wsh00-10.pdf ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\WHOCost.pdf /HEALTH/ /HEALTH PROGRAMMES/ /ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH/ /ECONOMIC ANALYSIS/ /COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS/

Dams and development : a new framework for decision-making : overview of the report by the World Commission on Dams.

International Institute for Environment and Development World Commission on Dams . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2001. 17p. Abstract: Dams and Development: A New framework for Decision-Making is the product of over two years of intense study, dialogue and reflection by the WCD, the WCD Stakeholders' Forum and hundreds of individual experts on all aspects of dams. Providing a comprehensive, global review of their performance and contribution to development, the WCD report is relevant to everyone working with or concerned by dams, from governments and international organisations, the private sector and civil society groups, to the communities most intimately affected by dams. This paper presents a brief overview of the issues addressed by the report, summarising its main recommendations and proposals. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2001, no.108

Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /DAMS/ /ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT/ /WATER RESOURCES/

The dependency syndrome : pesticide use by African smallholders. Williamson, Stephanie. Pesticide Action Network London : PAN UK Pesticides Poverty and Livelihoods Project, 2003. 126p. Abstract: The Dependency Syndrome reveals that despite rising prices, pesticides use is increasing among smallholder African farmers, in many cases with no crop or income benefit. Vegetable farmers in Benin are spraying their cabbages 12-20 times a season, compared with only three sprays ten years ago. Farmers explained that they spray more often because of higher pest levels and because they are ineffective. Instead of solving farmers' pest problems, pesticide use could be making them worse by eliminating predators of insect pests and provoking pesticide resistance. The treadmill of dependency is exacerbated by new crop varieties that offer improved yields but can be more susceptible to pests. Ethiopian farmers who obtained higher yields with improved maize, found that these varieties are prone to weevil damage in storage, and damage cancelled out yield increases. Buying improved seed and agrochemicals has left farmers in debt, and with no choice but to sell valuable livestock assets - their main security. This study, examines the unnecessary costs to poor African farmers from pesticide use. Working with over 400 smallholders and partners in Senegal, Benin, Ethiopia and Ghana to present the real picture on pesticide use. Call No.: 08.12.05, WIL, 2003 /PESTICIDES/ /FARMERS/ /AGRICULTURE/ /AFRICA/ /POVERTY/ /FOOD SECURITY/ /SENEGAL/ /BENIN/ /ETHIOPIA/ /GHANA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Doing better while doing good : motivational aspects of pay-for-performance effectiveness in nonprofit organizations [Electronic resource]. In: Voluntas : international journal of voluntary and nonprofit organizations 15 (2, 2004) : 117-136

Theuvsen, Ludwig. Abstract: Management practices in the nonprofit sector have been changing over the last decade. Many nonprofit organizations are now mimicking the management techniques of for-profit organizations. Referring to prevailing economic, psychological, and management theories, this paper deals with pay-for-performance plans and specifies reasons for their introduction into nonprofit organizations. The determinants of pay-for-performance effectiveness are analyzed with special emphasis on the motivational determinants. The results of the analysis are incorporated into a model of pay-for-performance effectiveness. Referring to theoretical reasoning as well as empirical studies, this paper analyzes how the motivational determinants of pay-for-performance effectiveness are coined in different types of nonprofit organizations. The paper ends with a discussion in which the author presents an alternative explanation for the introduction of pay-for-performance plans into nonprofit organizations and some suggestions for future research. Call No.: S - NGOS /THE ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\Theuvsen.pdf /NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS/ /MANAGEMENT/ /MOTIVATION/ /COMPENSATION/

Economic freedom of the world 2004 annual report.

Gwartney, James; Lawson, Robert. Fraser Institute Vancouver, BC : Fraser Institute, 2004. xvi, 189p. Abstract: The report ranks nations on 38 different factors, each out of a score of 10. Overall, Canada ranks 7th (with a score of 7.9) in this year’s report, having dropped slightly from 6th place last year (with a score of 8.1). Canada’s score in the soundness of the nation’s legal structure has fallen a full point, from 9.3 in 2000 to 8.3 in 2002, the most recent year for which data are available. That has dropped Canada’s rank from the 8th best legal structure among rich OECD nations in 2000 to 14th in 2002. Call No.: REF, 03.01.02, GWA, 2004 Online at: http://www.freetheworld.com/ /ECONOMIC STATISTICS/ /ECONOMIC INDICATORS/ /ECONOMIC POLICY/ /INVESTMENT/ /FOREIGN INVESTMENT/ /FOREIGN AID/ /FREEDOM/

Elaboration of a local convention for natural resource management : a case from the Bam region, Burkina Faso.

Dorlochter-Sulser, Sabine; Kirsch-Jung, Karl P.; Sulser, Martin. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2000. 26p. Abstract: Like other parts of the Sahel, Bam Province in Burkina Faso is subject to intense pressure on landed resources as a result of demographic growth, a high population density (53 inhabitants/km2) and serious deterioration of the soil as a result of over-exploitation or inappropriate use of arable areas. The extension of agriculture to marginal soils and valley-bottomlands is endangering other resources, such as grazing and woodlands. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2000, no.98 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /RESOURCES MANAGEMENT/ /DESERTIFICATION/ /SOIL CONSERVATION/ /LAND USE/ /BURKINA FASO/ /AFRICA/

Financing and cost recovery : thematic overview paper. Cardone, Rachel; Fonesca, Catarina. IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre [Delft] : IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, 2003. 117p. Abstract: This TOP provides an overview on financing and cost recovery for the water supply and sanitation services sector in rural and low-income urban areas of developing countries. Call No.: 17.05.05, CAR, 2003 Online at: http://www.irc.nl/redir/content/download/8160/126955/file/Cost_Recovery.pdf ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\Cost_Recovery1.pdf /WATER SUPPLY/ /SANITATION/ /FINANCING/ /RURAL AREAS/ /POVERTY/ /DEVELOPING COUNTRIES/

Fishing rights on the floodplains of Gwendeque : Winye country, Central Western Burkina Faso.

Jacob, Jean-Pierre. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme

London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2003. 24p. Abstract: Gwendégué is home to a series of communities settled in the south-eastern part of Burkina Faso and includes people of diverse ethnic origin. Each village has its own economic model that defines how local natural resources are to be exploited and how the various types of management and usage rights are distributed. Fishing on the floodplains is a production system organised locally and this paper looks at the rules and regulations which govern it and the impact of development projects on this customary system. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2003, no.121 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /FISHING RIGHTS/ /RESOURCES UTILIZATION/ /LOCAL LEVEL/ /ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT/ /BURKINA FASO/ /AFRICA/

The future of family farms in West Africa : what can we learn from long-term data?. Mortimore, Michael. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2003. 72p. Abstract: Small-scale family farming which has supported West Africans for thousands of years may be newly vulnerable under conditions of open, competitive global markets and processes of globalisation which transfer economic advantage to the rich nations. Since the early 1960s, long-term data series have evolved relating to many critical parameters of development. This paper examines some of the series relating to agriculture, with a view to exposing major strengths (or weaknesses) of the family farming sector, i.e. smallholder farming and livestock keeping systems. Knowledge of the evolution of these systems will help identify appropriate policies for the future. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2003, no.119 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip119eng.pdf /FAMILY FARMS/ /GLOBALIZATION/ /ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION/ /LAND DEVELOPMENT/ /POPULATION GROWTH/ /FOOD SUPPLY/ /COMPETITION/ /SMALLHOLDERS/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Gender and natural resource conflict management in Nioro du Sahel, Mali. Hamliton, Lucy; Dama, Aly. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2003. 32p. Abstract: As important natural resource users, women are affected by and involved in natural resource conflicts, but researchers and practitioners of conflict management have largely neglected the gender dimension. The situation is starting to change and this paper describes the experience of a participatory process to facilitate the integration of gender in NR conflict management institutions in northern Mali. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2003, no.116 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip116eng.pdf /GENDER ROLES/ /CONFLICTS/ /RESOURCES MANAGEMENT/ /MALI/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Glasshouse partnership : 'assuring biodiversity' : a brand-building approach.

Kitchin, Tim. [s.l.] : Glasshouse Partnership, 2004. 36p. Abstract: This discussion paper has been created as a follow-up to the RSPB/RIIA meeting on 'Communicating Biodiversity', held on 16 December 2003 at Chatham House in London. It has been commissioned by the RSPB and sponsored by UNEPWCMC. The paper identifies strategies that could be taken to communicate the importance and urgency of conserving biodiversity - by using a 'brand-building’ approach. Its aim is not to prescribe any particular solution, but to explore options, based upon brand insights, rather than formally researched stakeholder auditing. Research for the paper has not been rigorous and has been conducted entirely in the English language. The views expressed are those of the author alone, and in no way imply the endorsement of the commissioning organization nor the sponsoring organization. Call No.: S - BIODIVERSITY /GLA Online at: http://www.glasshousepartnership.com/branding.pdf ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\ICfiles\MINISISpdfs\Biodiversity_Branding.pdf /BIODIVERSITY/ /PROMOTION/

Global trends, local consequences: dilemmas of science - society interaction in integrated assessment in the Lake Balaton region of Hungary. In: Meteorological notes 17 (2002): 121-126

Pinter, Laszlo. Abstract: Global environmental change is introducing new variables and elements of uncertainty as co-determinants of sustainability on both regional and local scales. Combined with the exposure of human society, these forces may drive regions towards increasing vulnerability, unless the changes are understood and this understanding is used in facilitate social learning and adaptation. Due to a constellation of local and global environmental and socio-economic forces, Lake Balaton may be entering a phase of higher uncertainty and vulnerability. Constructively speculating on possible future trajectories of the lake requires an integrated approach, involving science, policymakers and stakeholders. While assessment alone cannot eliminate the causes of vulnerability, it may lead to better understanding and capacity to craft and implement adaptive strategies. Call No.: S - Water - Europe /PIN /ADAPTATION/ /RISK/ /ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS/ /VULNERABILITY/

Harmonising formal law and customary land rights in French-speaking West Africa. Delville, Philippe Lavigne. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 1999. 27p. Abstract: The complexity of land tenure in West Africa is the result of the coexistence of several systems (whether customary - sometimes with Islamic influence - or State), none of which is completely dominant. Modern tenure legislation, designed in accordance with the model of private ownership and registration, takes no account of the legal principles underlying local land-holding systems, v so that, in the eyes of the State, most rural people’s landholding status is precarious, if not actually illegal. This legal pluralism, deriving from the colonial era and the way West African states were set up, causes a degree of uncertainty about land rights and leads to conflicts for which the many different arbitration bodies (customary, administrative and judicial) are unable to find lasting solutions. The gross inadequacy of tenure legislation - the colonial legal system had been largely retained after

independence - resulted in legal reforms being adopted by African states during the 1980s. The reforms aimed to incorporate local land rights into the national legal framework, although the approaches differed widely. This paper summarises current thinking on tenure issues in rural West Africa, then describes and analyses recent experiences before drawing some conclusions about ways to harmonise customary rights and formal law. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 1999, no.86 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip86.pdf /LAND USE/ /LAW/ /AGRICULTURAL LAND/ /LEGAL STATUS/ /RURAL POPULATION/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

How much global ill health is attributable to environmental factors?. In: Epidemiology 10 (5, 1999) : 573-584

Smith, Kirk R.; Corvalan, Carlos F.; Kjellstrom, Tord. Abstract: Over the years, estimates have been made of the portions of human mortality and morbidity that can be attributed to environmental factors. Frustratingly, however, even for a single category of disease such as cancer, these estimates have often varied widely. Here we attempt to explain why such efforts have come to such different results in the past and to provide guidance for doing such estimates more consistently in the future to avoid the most important pitfalls. We do so by carefully defining what we mean by the terms "environmental," "ill health," and "attributable." Finally, based on these recommendations, we attempt our own estimate, appropriately qualified according to the many remaining uncertainties. Our estimate is that 25-33% of the global burden of disease can be attributed to environmental risk factors. Children under 5 years of age seem to bear the largest environmental burden, and the portion of disease due to environmental risks seems to decrease with economic development. A summary of these estimates first appeared in the 1997 report, "Health and Environment in Sustainable Development," which was the World Health Organization's contribution to the 5-year anniversary of the Rio Earth Summit. A full explanation of how these estimates were made is first presented here. We end with a call for a program of "strategic epidemiology," which would be designed to fill important gaps in the understanding of major environmental health risks in important population groups worldwide. Call No.: S - Health /SMI /HEALTH/ /ENVIRONMENT/ /HEALTH HAZARDS/ /MORTALITY/ /CHILDREN/ /POPULATION/

How much habitat is enough? : a framework for guiding habitat rehabilitation in Great Lakes Areas of Concern [Electronic resource].

Environment Canada . Canadian Wildlife Service Downsview, ON : Environment Canada. Canadian Wildlife Service, 2004. 80 p. Abstract: How Much Habitat is Enough?: A Framework for Guiding Habitat Rehabilitation in Great Lakes Areas of Concern (the Framework) provides science-based information and general guidelines to assist government and non-government restoration practitioners, planners and others involved in natural heritage conservation and preservation in ensuring there is adequate wetland, riparian and forest habitat to sustain minimum viable wildlife populations and help maintain selected ecosystem functions and attributes. The Framework provides 18 wetland, riparian and forest habitat guidelines and accompanying rationales.

Within Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs), the Framework can be used to assist in the setting and achievement of delisting criteria concerning fish and wildlife habitat beneficial-use impairments, and post delisting can provide further guidance on habitat restoration. Call No.: S - Nature Conservation - Canada /CAN Online at: http://www.on.ec.gc.ca/wildlife/docs/habitatframework-e.html ELOCN:\\Metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\habitatframework-e.pdf /HABITAT/ /REHABILITATION/ /REHABILITACION/ /WETLANDS/ /CANADA/ /ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT/

How to integrate statutory and customary tenure : the Uganda case. Mwebaza, Rose. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 1999. 11p. Abstract: The last two decades have witnessed extensive land tenure reform in East and Southern Africa, with almost every country in the region having undergone some kind of reform. The reform process has been accompanied by much discussion on the need to integrate customary and statutory land tenure systems in policy and legislation. Indeed, so much has been said that sometimes it is difficult to draw the line between what is real and what is fiction; the essential concepts have become blurred by the divergent and some times controversial interpretations of these two seemingly irreconcilable concepts. The implementation of structural adjustment programmes in many African countries over the last two decades has promoted economic reform and liberalisation, including in the agricultural sector. Tenure reform is often seen as an integral component of these wider changes. With all the flurry of activity, there is still a marked lack of analysis and assessment of the need to integrate customary and statutory systems in the whole reform process. What seems to persist is the notion that western economic theories, which support formal registration of land through titling, is the only viable option. This paper seeks to examine the extent to which Uganda has tried to integrate statutory and customary systems in land policy and legislation with particular emphasis being placed on the Uganda Constitution of 1995 and the newly enacted Uganda Land Act, 1998. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 1999, no.83 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip83.pdf /LAND TENURE/ /LAND REFORM/ /LAND MANAGEMENT/ /AGRICULTURAL LEGISLATION/ /UGANDA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Human development report 2004 : cultural liberty in today's diverse world. Fukuda-Parr, Sakiko. United Nations Development Programme New York : United Nations Development Programme, 2004. xiv, 285p. Abstract: Accommodating people’s growing demands for their inclusion in society, for respect of their ethnicity, religion, and language, takes more than democracy and equitable growth. Also needed are multicultural policies that recognize differences, champion diversity and promote cultural freedoms, so that all people can choose to speak their language, practice their religion, and participate in shaping their culture -- so that all people can choose to be who they are. Call No.: REF, 20.02.00, UNDP, Hum, 2004

Online at: http://hdr.undp.org/reports/global/2004/ /ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT/ /DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS/ /DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY/ /UNDP/ /POVERTY ALLEVIATION/ /POLITICAL PARTICIPATION/ /DEVELOPING COUNTRIES/ /CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT/ /CULTURAL VALUES/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Implementing land tenure reform in Uganda : a complex task ahead. Nsamba-Gayiiya, Eddie. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 1999. 15p. Abstract: Uganda recently enacted a new land law to put into effect the land reforms agreed in the 1995 Constitution. The new Constitution brought about fundamental reforms in the ownership, tenure, management and control of land in Uganda. The Land Act became operational on 2nd July, 1998. The country has now embarked on the exercise of implementing this new land law which is both ambitious and challenging . It is ambitious because it comes at a time when government is already overwhelmed by other nation-wide programmes which are being implemented: the Universal Primary Education (UPE) programme; the Decentralisation Programme; the Poverty Eradication Action Plan; and the Plan for the Modernisation of Agriculture and Food Security. Implementation of the new Land Act is also ambitious because of its high resource implications. Its challenge lies in the many contentious issues contained within the new law. From the outset, the Land Bill was received with suspicion, apathy, fear and outright rejection from some people. Unrealistic expectations from national and local government as well as the land users will also challenge the implementation process. The new law has introduced many new concepts and innovative ideas. For example, the Land Act requires the establishment of new institutions for land management and dispute resolution. The tasks ahead are many and heavy. This paper will examine the complex task the country faces to implement successfully this new legislation. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 1999, no.84 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip84.pdf /LAND TENURE/ /LAND REFORM/ /LAND MANAGEMENT/ /DISPUTE SETTLEMENT/ /AGRICULTURAL LEGISLATION/ /UGANDA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Improving tenure security in northern Togo : a means to address desertification. Olulumazo, Alinon Koffi. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2000. 23p. Abstract: We suggest that there is a strong relationship between the control that different land users can exercise over their local resources and their incentive to conserve and manage them in a sustainable way. The prevailing situation in the savannah regions of Northern Togo will be examined in the light of this hypothesis and in relation to the design of land reform. Up until the 1970s, land tenure proposals were based on a model promoting exclusive individual title to land which would be recognised under modern law. From this stemmed confusion regarding the legal status of the great majority of resources in Togo which did nothing to promote investment in sound land husbandry. This brings us back to the need to identify the interplay of different actors in the control over land (State, community, individuals). After a brief presentation of the main characteristics of the region, we aim to examine how the Land

Tenure issues are manifested on the ground in the light of conflicting legal systems governing land. Finally, certain proposals will be outlined to address the ambiguity concerning land rights and the means to assure greater security of tenure. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2000, no.92 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /LAND TENURE/ /RESOURCES MANAGEMENT/ /DESERTIFICATION/ /SOIL CONSERVATION/ /TOGO/ /AFRICA/

Increasing capabilities through an ecosystem approach for the drylands. Oliveira, Thierry de; Duraiappah, Anantha Kumar; Shepherd, Gemma. United Nations Development Programme United Nations Environment Programme International Institute for Sustainable Development . Global Drylands Imperative Nairobi : UNEP, 2003. 19p. Call No.: S - Sustainable development /OLI / ARID ZONE/ /ECOSYSTEMS/ /POVERTY/ /ECOSYSTEM SERVICES /CAPABILITY APPROACH /DPDL POVERTY /POLICY COHERENCE /DRYLANDS

Involving young people in the care and support of people living with HIV/AIDS in Zambia [Electronic resources].

Esu-Williams, et al., Eka. Population Council . Horizons Program Washington, DC : Population Council, Horizons Program, 2004. 50p. Abstract: Horizons, in collaboration with CARE International and Family Health Trust, conducted a quasiexperimental intervention study to determine which care and support needs of people living with HIV and AIDS and their families could be met by trained youth, and to establish whether youth engaged in formalized care and support activities would increase their adoption of protective behaviors or reduce the stigma faced by members of AIDS-affected households. The study was conducted in semi-urban and rural communities in two provinces of northern Zambia located 700 to 1,000 kilometers from Lusaka. Thirty clubs in Luapula Province served as intervention sites; an equal number in Northern Province served as comparison sites. Call No.: S - Youth /ESU Online at: http://www.dec.org/pdf_docs/PNACY095.pdf ELOCN:\\Metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\PNACY095.pdf /HEALTH SERVICES/ /HEALTH PROGRAMMES/ /HIV/ /AIDS/ /ZAMBIA/

The land question in Cote d'Ivoire : a lesson in history. Chauveau, Jean-Pierre. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2000. 28p. Abstract: The rural people of Côte d’Ivoire seem to have been strangely absent during the events of late-December 1999, which resulted in the overthrow of President Bédié’s regime1. The silence of the countryside during and after the coup was in stark contrast to the ferment which preceded it. In several regions there were bloody conflicts over land between locals and people from neighbouring countries, which commentators in the anti-government press ascribed to the new regime’s campaign to promote ‘ivoirité’ (a sense of national Ivorian identity). Three months after the ‘coup’, the atmosphere in rural parts of Côte d’Ivoire

remained one of latent tension, particularly in the coffee and cocoa producing areas2. But, somewhat intriguingly, land tenure issues do not feature in public debates during the current transition period. We will begin by describing the situation preceding the coup d’état and the political repercussions of the land tenure conflicts. Then we will look beyond the more obvious regional, ethnic and national divisions, which the parties involved tend to emphasize, and try to bring out the underlying issues and sources of the present crisis by viewing them in their historical context. We will then return to the present situation and attempt to anticipate the possible short-term developments. Can we expect reduced tensions and clarification of the land tenure issue to emerge from an agreement on the question of Ivorian nationality? What will be the effect of the new legislation on rural landownership, which was adopted almost unanimously by members of parliament a year prior to the coup after a great deal of debate? Can new legal measures iron out the contradictions of a century of Ivorian rural policy – and, more particularly, the thirty-three years of President Houphouët-Boigny’s ambiguous land tenure policy, aimed at promoting rapid agricultural development and establishing a city-based system of political patronage in the countryside? Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2000, no.95 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /LAND TENURE/ /AGRICULTURAL LAND/ /CONFLICTS/ /COTE D'IVOIRE/ /AFRICA/

Land reform north and south. Toulmin, Camilla; Pepper, Simon. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2000. 9p. Abstract: While MPs are debating land reform in Edinburgh, Scotland, much the same is happening in national assemblies across Africa. Despite differences of history, climate and economic development, there is a lot which looks remarkably similar - whether it is arguments about who can claim to be part of ‘the community’ or the need to clarify multiple and overlapping rights to resources. Many of the land laws which are now subject to reform in Africa are the creations of British and other European colonial powers. Many African nations are starting to question the legacy of past laws, which had entrenched within them an inequitable system of land ownership and power, with consequent impediments to social and economic development. Learning lessons and exchanging experience about land reform across the world could be of great value to all parties - throwing light on new ways of looking at the issues, the variety of the options to be considered, and ways to engage civil society more effectively in consultation and building consensus. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2000, no.96 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip96eng.pdf /LAND REFORM/ /LAND USE/ /AGRICULTURAL LAND/ /LEGISLATION/ /WATER CONSERVATION/ /RESOURCES MANAGEMENT/ /COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Land tenure and rural development in Burkina Faso : issues and strategies. Ouedraogo, Moussa. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme

London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2002. 24p. Abstract: The purpose of this analysis is to help achieve better integration of land tenure issues into development policy and strategy. It first takes into account the problems raised by changing approaches to development, then examines the land tenure issues which may hinder more sustainable production, and finally offers suggestions for how to mitigate these difficulties. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2002, no.112 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /RURAL DEVELOPMENT/ /LAND TENURE/ /POLICY MAKING/ /SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT/ /AGRICULTURE/ /BURKINA FASO/ /AFRICA/

Land tenure reform in South Africa : an example from the eastern Cape Province. Ntsebeza, Lungisile. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 1999. 15p. Abstract: This paper commences with a brief overview of land tenure in the Reserves, later called Bantustans/homelands during the period to 1990, goes on to look at tenure reforms during the negotiation period of the early 1990s and the run up to the 1994 elections, and finally provides an account of tenure reform since 1994. Throughout, the paper will consider the role of traditional leaders, and will highlight the enormous problems encountered in implementing democratic land tenure policies whilst recognising these traditional authorities. Material from the Eastern Cape will illustrate the above complexities, at both provincial and local levels. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 1999, no.82 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /LAND TENURE/ /LAND REFORM/ /LAND MANAGEMENT/ /AGRICULTURAL LEGISLATION/ /TRADITIONAL CULTURE/ /DEMOCRATIZATION/ /UGANDA/

Leadership and self-deception : getting out of the box. Arbinger Institute San Francisco, CA : Berrett-Koehler, 2002. viii, 180p. Abstract: Leadership and Self-Deception reveals that there are only two ways for leaders to be: the source of leadership problems or the source of leadership success. The authors use an entertaining and compelling story to examine this surprising truth, identify self-deception as the underlying cause of leadership failure, and show how any leader can overcome self-deception to become a consistent catalyst of success. Call No.: 05.03.05, ARB, 2000 /LEADERSHIP/ /BUSINESS/ /BUSINESS MANAGEMENT/ /PSYCHOLOGY/

Lessons learned on trade and sustainable development : distilling six years of research from the Trade Knowledge Network.

Cosbey, Aaron. International Institute for Sustainable Development International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development Winnipeg, MB : International Institute for Sustainable Development / ICTSD, 2004. viii, 48 p. + CDROM Abstract: This book distills the lessons from six years of research undertaken by and for the

Trade Knowledge Network (1998 - 2004). It draws on in-country research, thematic research and workshop papers to identify the key issues, and explores in depth what the TKN research has to say about them. The result is an excellent primer on the issues faced by the South in the area of trade and sustainable development. The book includes a companion CD covering all of the surveyed TKN research (more than 40 papers in all, including several in Spanish). Call No.: REF, 00.01.00, IISD, Les, 2004 Online at: http://www.iisd.org/publications/publication.asp?pno=631 /TRADE/ /ENVIRONMENT/ /SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT/ /ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT/ /RESEARCH/ /TKN/

Local development and community management of woodlands : experience from Mali. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2001. 23p. Abstract: Southern Mali is an area of considerable agricultural potential, producing the entire national cotton output, a third of the country’s millet and sorghum and two-thirds of its maize (Berthé et al. 1991). Over the last few years, natural resources in the region have come under considerable pressure from various quarters: major climatic changes that have resulted in poor and unevenly distributed rainfall; demographic changes triggering significant population growth and urban expansion; economic developments, such as the increasing importance of cash crops and replacement of subsistence agriculture by a monetary economy; technical advances that have made equipment and new tools and technologies more easily available and enabled farmers to make more productive use of their land; and the environmental degradation evident in declining soil fertility, degraded natural vegetation and diminishing forest reserves. Rural and urban Malians alike continue to depend on forests and trees, using them in a variety of different but overlapping ways: as a source of fuel and food for the household; as fodder, bedding and fertiliser in agricultural production; and as a source of revenue and employment. Nationwide, wood is the main source of energy, but it is under increasing pressure as forest reserves dwindle and the population expands. Traditional natural resource management systems can no longer cope with the effects of the intensive commercial exploitation of firewood and other forest products, which is particularly prevalent around urban areas (Bellefontaine et al., 1997). Moreover, as the State raises levies on forest produce, and has asserted its ownership of forests, while the financial value of trees increases, there are few incentives for local people to protect these resources, as they have no responsibility for their management (Maïga, 1996).There is thus an urgent need to consider how best to satisfy the requirements of the growing population while maintaining the quality and quantity of the country’s woodlands. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2001, no.106 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip106eng.pdf /FOREST MANAGEMENT/ /COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION/ /FOREST CONSERVATION/ /MALI/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

The long dry season : crop-livestock linkages in Southern Mali. Ramisch, Joshua. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 1999. 24p. Abstract: This paper investigates the interactions brought about by the co-existence of herds

and agriculture in a village setting. It draws on Ph.D. research that used soil nutrient balances to evaluate exchanges of animal manure and traction between owners and non-owners of livestock (Ramisch, 1998). The methodological complexities of using nutrient balances in such a study are presented elsewhere (Ramisch, 1999). Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 1999, no.88 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip88eng.pdf /LAND USE/ /AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT/ /AGRICULTURAL LAND/ /DESERTIFICATION/ /SOILS/ /RESOURCES MANAGEMENT/ /CULTIVATION PRACTICES/ /MALI/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Mainstreaming biodiversity and climate change : proceedings of the Asia Regional Workshop. IUCN The World Conservation Union . Regional Biodiversity Programme Asia Gland : IUCN Regional Biodiversity Programme Asia, 2003. 124p. Call No.: 00.02.02, IUCN, 4AS, 2003 /INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS/ /CLIMATE CHANGE/ /BIODIVERSITY/ /ADAPTATION/ /AGRICULTURE/ /INDIA/ /UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE /CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY /UNFCCC /CBD

Making land transactions more secure in the west of Burkina Faso. Mathieu, Paul, et al. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2003. 36p. Abstract: This issue paper describes the multiple linkages between rural and urban areas, with papers drawn from 13 nations. A large and growing proportion of rural households have urban components to their livelihoods, while most rural households rely on urban areas for access to markets and services. Many urban households have rural components to their livelihoods and retain strong links with rural areas, while some keep part of their asset base in rural areas. This issue has papers on rural-urban linkages in Mali, Nigeria, Tanzania, Mozambique and Angola, farmers' markets in Tamil Nadu, peri-urban areas around Hanoi, Colombo, Ibadan, Caracas and Hubli-Dharwad (and how this changes livelihoods and land uses), waste management around Bamako, Ouagadougou and Chennai, and environmental planning and wastewater management around cities. It also has papers on NGO development in Jakarta, a new international fund to help poor households get land, the links between disaster risk and urban development, and youth participation in El Alto (Bolivia). Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2003, no.117 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /LAND TENURE/ /TRADITIONAL PRACTICES/ /MODERNIZATION/ /LEGISLATION/ /BURKINA FASO/ /MALI/ /NIGERIA/ /TANZANIA/ /MOZAMBIQUE/ /ANGOLA/ /AFRICA/ /LAND RIGHTS/

Making woodland management more democratic : cases from Eastern and Southern Africa. Wily, Liz Alden. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2000. 22p. Abstract: The new millennium is witnessing evidence of a social and political watershed in

Africa, and one which is marked by a potent alteration in the relations between government and people (Alden Wily 2000a). Through one mechanism or another, ordinary citizens are beginning to play a greater part in the management of society and its resources. The change is uneven, hesitant, contentious and contradictory, but nevertheless underway in a fundamental and unstoppable fashion. This paper looks at changing power relations in an arena where shifts in statepeople relations are acutely felt in agrarian societies: land and natural resources. In particular, it focuses upon forests and woodlands. These, like many pasture lands, wildlife areas and wetlands, typically sit astride some of the more acute tensions in land relations today: the tension between state law and local, often customary systems of land ownership; the tension between holding resources as individuals and as a collective group; and the tension between government and local populations over how these resources will be managed and who reaps the benefits. When it comes to forests and woodlands, the main questions concern: to whom do these resources really belong, or to whom should they belong in order to halt their loss and degradation? And at what level of society is control over these resources best vested to achieve this objective? Eastern and Southern Africa provide the setting for discussion. In these regions, more than 95 percent of the forest resource is of the drier woodland type, mainly held outside government reserves (Alden Wily & Mbaya 2001). Two fields of enquiry constitute the base of discussion. First, how far are local communities gaining authority over woodlands, including rights of ownership, and second, to what extent are community level institutions emerging to support these altered patterns of forest ownership and control? I shall examine changing practice in the field and the provisions of new forestry laws. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2000, no.99 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip99eng.pdf /FOREST MANAGEMENT/ /DEMOCRATIZATION/ /OWNERSHIP/ /RESOURCES MANAGEMENT/ /FOREST CONSERVATION/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Marketing in the social enterprise context : is it entrepreneurial?. In: Qualitative market research : an international journal 7 (3, 2004) : 194-205

Shaw, Eleanor. Abstract: This paper presents some of the findings to emerge from a qualitative study of social enterprise in the UK. The findings discussed in this paper refer to the marketing activities of social enterprises and consider the extent to which these can be described as "entrepreneurial". This discussion suggests that while social enterprises do engage in entrepreneurial marketing, the local embeddedness of their activities, their not-for-profit orientation and challenges posed by social exclusion impact on their marketing activities. Call No.: S - Business, Industry /SHA ELOCN:\\Metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\Shaw.pdf /MARKETING/ /ENTREPRENEURS/ /ENTREPRENEURSHIP/ /SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT/ /RESEARCH/

Mediation in a changing landscape : success and failure in managing conflicts over natural resources in Southwest Burkina Faso.

Brockhaus, Maria; Pickardt, Tanja; Rischkowsky, Barbara. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme

London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2003. 36p. Abstract: In south-west Burkina Faso, conflicts between farmers and herders are becoming more and more frequent. These conflicts originate in competition over access to natural resources. A number of different actors are involved in managing these conflicts The paper presents these different actors and their roles, explores current conflict management practices in the region, the strengths and weaknesses of the different actors, and the impact of current political changes, such as land tenure reform and decentralisation, on these practices. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2003, no.125 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /CONFLICTS/ /DISPUTE SETTLEMENT/ /NATURAL RESOURCES/ /RESOURCES MANAGEMENT/ /BURKINA FASO/ /AFRICA/

Micro-policies on land tenure in three villages in Bam province, Burkina Faso : local strategies for exchanging land.

Stamm, Volker, et al. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2003. 24p. Abstract: This paper provides up-to-date information about the dynamics of land tenure in Bam province so as to inform the current debate on tenure policies in the Sahel. It analyses modes of access to land and agreements regulating the exchange of plots between families and between villages by looking at the opportunities for access to land through various types of transactions, the frequency, form and implications of these transactions and by evaluating the role of local codes in the context of these arrangements. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2003, no.124 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /LAND TENURE/ /LAND OWNERSHIP/ /BURKINA FASO/ /AFRICA/

Multi-level complexity in the management of knowledge networks. In: Journal of knowledge management 8 (3, 2004) : 71-88

Beesley, Lisa. Abstract: While it is widely acknowledged that economic growth is now dependent on the realization of a knowledge based economy, there remains much confusion as to how this is actualized. Effective management of knowledge is endorsed as an essential element for organizational survival and competitive advantage, yet again, the ways in which knowledge moves through knowledge networks remains poorly understood. This paper is the result of a three-year qualitative investigation of the dynamic relationships among knowledge creation, diffusion, and utilization occurring in situ in a collaborative knowledge network. In an attempt to better understand how knowledge unfolds in such a system, this paper explores emergent patterns, not only within individual, group, organizational and inter-organizational levels of learning, but also among them. Two theoretical models acknowledging the multi-level complexity of knowledge management in organizations while simultaneously identifying the common influences among them, are presented. In combination, it is then possible develop a theoretical framework through which to better understand the relationships among knowledge creation, diffusion, and utilization in collaborative knowledge networks, and thereby, optimize the utility of knowledge designed for organizational application. Call No.: S - Information & Communications /BEE

ELOCN:\\Metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\Beesley.pdf /KNOWLEDGE/ /MANAGEMENT/ /INFORMATION NETWORKS/ /LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS/

National health expenditure trends 1975-2003 [Electronic resource]. Canadian Institute for Health Information Ottawa : Canadian Institute for Health Information, 2003. iii, 140p. Abstract: This publication includes updated expenditure data by source of funds (sector) and use of funds (category) at the provincial/territorial level and for Canada. An overview with discussion on the trends of health care spending in Canada. International comparisons such as health spending to GDP ratio are included, as well as a comprehensive set of data tables and technical notes. Call No.: 02.03.02, 3CA, CAN, Nat, 2003 Online at: http://secure.cihi.ca/cihiweb/dispPage.jsp?cw_page=AR_31_E&cw_topic=31 ELOCN:\\Metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\NatHealthTrends.pdf /HEALTH/ /HEALTH EXPENDITURE/ /HEALTH STATISTICS/ /CANADA/

Natural resource management and land policy in developing countries : lessons learned and new challenges for the World Bank.

Bruce, John W.; Mearns, Robin. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2002. 60p. Abstract: The World Bank’s concept of its development mission has deepened in recent years with greater weight given to poverty eradication and environmental stewardship. Natural resource management has thus taken its place alongside agriculture as a major rural development concern. New insights have emerged, which include a more integrated picture of rural livelihoods, and the understanding that they depend to a significant extent on forest and animal products extracted from beyond the farm. There is also growing appreciation of the viability of production systems that make extensive but sustainable use of fragile resources, such as those of pastoralists. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2002, no.115 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip115eng.pdf /RESOURCES MANAGEMENT/ /LAND TENURE/ /POLICY MAKING/ /GLOBALIZATION/ /RURAL COMMUNITIES/ /AGRICULTURE/ /SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT/ /DPDL POVERTY/

New stakeholders and the promotion of agro-silvo-pastoral activities in southern Burkina Faso : false start or inexperience?.

Ouedraogo, Moussa. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2003. 64p. Abstract: Despite the achievements of small-scale family agriculture in Burkina Faso, government support is focused on the development of large farms. This paper looks at the emerging phenomenon in new farming policy and the new stakeholders or 'agri-businessmen' - employees, entrepreneurs and politicians. It examines the consequences of this form of agriculture for small family farms and asks whether it can represent a relevant alternative for

agricultural development in the country. Is there still enough suitable land to allow this type of agriculture and small-scale family farming to cohabit? The paper looks at the new farming policy as it takes shape in the southern region of the country where these new stakeholders seem to be concentrated. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2003, no.118 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /PASTORALISTS/ /SMALL FARMS/ /FAMILY FARMS/ /AGRICULTURE/ /BUSINESS/ /POLICY MAKING/ /BURKINA FASO/ /AFRICA/

Non-hierarchical evaluation of policy. In: Evaluation 6 (2, 2000) : 201-216 Carlsson, Lars. Abstract: An important task for policy evaluation is to develop methods that are based on the fact that political power is fragmented and that every policy area is complex. This article demonstrates, using an empirical example, how different strands of the policymaking process are related to different logics of evaluation. Also discussed is how these differences may result in quite opposite conclusions about the possible failure or success of single programmes. However, it is concluded that policy research does not have to abandon the idea of rationality and adopt a more postmodern or hermeneutic line of analysis. Policy evaluation is still, it is argued, a matter of finding relevant units of analysis, and in contemporary society these units are networks rather than political-administrative entities. Thus, in order to be able to scrutinize and understand such processes of policy creation, policy evaluation must adopt a non-hierarchical attitude and this requires a bottom-up methodology. Call No.: S - Public Policy /CAR /POLICY MAKING/ /EVALUATION/

Organic cotton production in sub-Saharan Africa [Electronic resource]. Ton, Peter. Pesticide Action Network . Pesticides Poverty and Livelihoods Project London : PAN UK's Pesticide Poverty and Livelihoods Project, 2002. 67 p. Abstract: The aim of this research into organic cotton production in sub-Saharan Africa is to document the history and state of the current organic cotton projects in five countries: Benin, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda and Zimbabwe. Particular attention was paid to the local, regional and national contexts in which these projects operate, in order to improve the understanding of their functioning with a view to scaling-up organic cotton production and trade in sub-Saharan Africa. Call No.: 07.07.07, TON, 2002 ELOCN:\\Metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\CottonProd.pdf /COTTON/ /COTTON INDUSTRY/ /ORGANIC FARMING/ /AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA/ /BENIN/ /SENEGAL/ /TANZANIA/ /UGANDA/ /ZIMBABWE/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Overestimating land degradation, underestimating farmers in the Sahel. Mazzucato, Valentina; Niemeijer, David. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2001. 22p. Abstract: This issue paper will explore the evidence for land degradation in Burkina Faso to question whether local farming practices are indeed as unsustainable and environmentally

destructive as many reports suggest. It begins with a short discussion of land degradation. Next, a quantitative analysis of agricultural productivity and soil fertility is presented to investigate the evidence for land degradation. This is followed by a discussion of local land management practices and social networks, and how they may contribute to sustainability and productivity. The paper ends with a short conclusion. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2001, no.101 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip101eng.pdf /SOIL DEGRADATION/ /DESERTIFICATION/ /SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE/ /AGRICULTURAL LAND/ /LAND MANAGEMENT/ /SAHEL/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Parks beyond parks : genuine community-based wildlife eco-tourism or just another loss of land for Maasi pastoralists in Kenya?.

Rutten, Marcel. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2002. 27p. Abstract: This paper presents in detail the development and effects of a new eco-tourism initiative in the Selengei region bordering Amboseli National Park, Kajiado District, Kenya (see map 1). Community-based conservation, although neither perfect nor foolproof as Lynch and Talbott (1995:25) argue, is indeed the best strategy available so long as certain conditions are met to ensure that the term "community-based" is not used to misguide interested donors for the benefit of a small group of well-off individuals, tour operators or conservationists (see e.g. IIED 1994: 45). It should guarantee the full and equal participation of local people in its design and implementation to ensure it responds to local needs and delivers tangible benefits to the community. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2002, no.111 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip111eng.pdf /PASTORALISTS/ /LAND TENURE/ /TOURISM/ /COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION/ /KENYA/ /DPDL POVERTY /ECOTOURISM

Pastoral land tenure and agricultural expansion : Sudan and the Horn of Africa. Shazali, Salah; Ahmed, Abdel Ghaffar M. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 1999. 18p. Abstract: This paper examines the particular case of Sudan, but the discussion is relevant to the countries of the African Horn in general and Southern Ethiopia in particular. Pastoralists in the Horn seem to experience similar, if not identical, processes resulting from land laws promulgated by the governments in the region. In both Sudan and Ethiopia, for example, the undermining of the principle of tribal areas was effected through the introduction of new land legislation, in Sudan from 1970 onward and in Ethiopia by the land laws of 1975 and 1993. The paper begins with a brief historical account of the land tenure system prior to the inception of British colonial rule. This puts in perspective the farreaching ramifications of the laws and policies introduced by the British colonial administration. Successive national governments in Sudan took the colonial land tenure system as the basis of their policies; rather than abolishing it, the national governments carried it further to the detriment of

pastoral production systems. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 1999, no.85 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /LAND TENURE/ /AGRICULTURAL LAND/ /PASTORALISTS/ /COMPETITION/ /FOOD SECURITY/ /COLONIALISM/ /AFRICA/

Poverty and environmental degradation: a review and analysis of the nexus. In: World development 26 (12, 1998): 2169-2179

Duraiappah, Anantha K. Abstract: There is much controversy surrounding the poverty-environmental degradation nexus. The predominant school of thought argues that poverty is a major cause of environmental degradation and if policy makers want to address environmental issues, then they must first address the poverty problem. Another school of though argues that a direct link between poverty and environmental degradation is too simplistic and the nexus is governed by a complex web of factors. In this paper, a formal structure for analyzing the complex web of factors is formulated and used to review the existing literature on the links between poverty and the degradation of four natural resource sectors. The analysis highlights the important role institutional and market failure in encouraging agents from various income groups to exhibit unsustainable activities which in turn forces some of the agents to fall into poverty. Another important factor is the role of conflicts between different agents (income groups) in the poverty-environmental degradation nexus. The analysis also highlights the presence of feedback lops between environmental degradation and poverty. Call No.: S - Poverty /DUR /POVERTY/ /DPDL POVERTY/

A profile of environmental change in the Lake Manyara Basin, Tanzania. Rohde, Rick; Hilhorst, Thea. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2001. 27p. Abstract: This paper reports on a study of the Lake Manyara Basin in north-west Tanzania. It covers the northern and central parts of this area, focusing on eight villages and their landscapes in some detail. We do not presume to describe the complex biophysical, socio-economic and historical factors which have helped to shape the cultural landscape of the Lake Manyara Basin as a whole, but we do provide detailed examples of processes which are representative of a more general dynamism. Our intention is to create a 'rough guide' to the Lake Manyara area and its environmental history, and identify significant social, economic and political processes which have occurred here over the last 100 years or so, in order to understand the relationship between land-use practices and environmental change. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2001, no.109 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip109eng.pdf /LAND USE/ /ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS/ /TANZANIA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Project-based knowledge maps : combining project mining and XML-enabled topic maps. In: Internet research 14 (3, 2004) : 254-266

Liu, Duen-Ren; Hsu, Chouyin. Abstract: Many enterprises implement various business projects on the Internet in the global

knowledge economy. The task of managing distributed and heterogeneous project knowledge is very important in increasing the knowledge assets of enterprises. Accordingly, this work presents a project-based knowledge map system to properly organize project knowledge into topic maps, from which users can obtain in-depth concepts to facilitate further project development. A two-phase data mining approach involving the ISO/ISEC 13250 topic maps and Extensible Markup Language (XML) is used to establish the proposed system, which can determine knowledge patterns from previous projects and transform these patterns into a navigable knowledge map. The map can help users to locate required information and also offers subject-related information easily and rapidly over the Internet. Call No.: S - Information & Communications /LIU ELOCN:\\Metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\Liu.pdf /KNOWLEDGE/ /MANAGEMENT/ /INTERNET/ /INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY/

Quality in action : 93 lessons in leadership, participation and measurement. Townsend, Patrick L.; Gebhardt, Joan E. New York : John Wiley & Sons, 1992. xxi, 262p. Abstract: One of the leading gurus on "quality" mixes contemporary versions of familiar fables with workplace anecdotes and nuts-and-bolts guidance to bring the quality process to life--at every level and for every employee of a company. The book is divided into three mini-books that cover leadership, employee participation, and methods of measurement. Call No.: 12.04.00, TOW, 1992 /MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES/ /QUALITY CONTROL/ /INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT/

Reducing agricultural tariffs versus domestic support : what's more important for developing countries?.

Hoekman, Bernard; Ng, Francis; Olarreaga, Marcelo. Centre for Economic Policy Research London : Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2002. 36 p. Abstract: High levels of protection and domestic support for farmers in developed countries significantly affect many least developed countries (LDCs), both directly and through the price-depressing effect of agricultural support policies. High tariffs and domestic support may also lower the world price of agricultural products, benefiting net importers. This Paper assesses the impact of reducing these distortionary policies for a sample of 119 countries. We find significant differences in the impact of a 50 percent cut in tariffs and a 50 cut in domestic support for LDCs as compared to non-LDC developing countries. However, for both groups of countries tariff reductions have a much greater positive effect on exports and welfare. Call No.: S - Trade /HOE ELOCN:\\Metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dp3576.pdf /AGRICULTURAL TRADE/ /TARIFFS/ /DEVELOPING COUNTRIES/ /INTERNATIONAL TRADE/

Research for social change. Utting, Peter; ed., et al. United Nations Research Institute for Social Development Geneve : UNRISD, 2003. 127p.

Call No.: 01.03.02, UNRISD, 2003 /SOCIAL RESEARCH/ /SOCIAL POLICY/ /SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT/ /GOVERNANCE/ /GENDER ANALYSIS/ /INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS/

The River Senegal : flood management and the future of the valley. Adams, Adrian. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2000. 27p. Abstract: The River Senegal rises in the Fouta Djallon and flows northward through increasingly arid land; when it finally turns west towards the ocean, it borders on desert. In these areas of low rainfall, the river’s annual flood is necessary to life. Towards the end of the rainy season, it overflows its banks and floods the broad alluvial plain of the middle valley, where crops are grown in the dry season after the waters have receded. The valley’s agricultural production systems traditionally followed the seasonal rhythm of the river: rainfed cropping and pasturing on the jeeri uplands, followed by flood-recession farming and grazing on the waalo lowlands. Over the period 1946-1971, it is estimated that on average 312,000 hectares were flooded every year on both banks of the river, and 108,000 hectares cultivated; on the Senegalese side of the river, 65,000 hectares were cultivated. (OMVS-IRD, 1999). Projects to develop the potential of the river, based since colonial times on irrigated rice-growing, have never taken this age-old production system into account. Since the 1960s, rainfall and river flooding have declined considerably, and in some years have been non-existent. The drought simplified things for would-be developers by allowing them to behave as if the valley’s traditional agricultural and pastoral production systems were a thing of the past, and the future belonged to irrigation alone. When Senegal ratified the OMVS programme, this "clean sweep" policy became irrevocable. The planned dams would not stop the rains, but they would make it possible to cut down considerably on annual flooding. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2000, no.93 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /FLOODS/ /RIVERS/ /AGRICULTURE/ /TRADITIONAL PRACTICES/ /IRRIGATION/ /SENEGAL/ /AFRICA/

The rural land plan : an innovative approach from Cote d'Ivoire. Stamm, Volker. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2000. 28p. Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to present an innovative rural land project which, even though it is still young, can serve as an example for the region as a whole, and to describe the development of this project from its origins and pilot phase to its implementation at national level. The project in question is the Rural Land Plan (PFR) for Côte d’Ivoire. The project activities implemented to date have been supported by a vast amount of research, and have resulted in the drafting, as part of rural land tenure legislation, of a law which was adopted in December 1998 by the National Assembly. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2000, no.91 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /LAND REFORM/ /AGRICULTURAL LAND/ /LAND TENURE/ /LEGISLATION/ /AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT/ /COTE D'IVOIRE/ /AFRICA/

Rural land plans : establishing relevant systems for identifying and recording customary rights.

Chauveau, Jean-Pierre; . International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2003. 24p. Abstract: Can identifying and recording customary rights contribute to the securing of these rights? This paper looks at this question by describing the aims and content of rural land plan tools, looking at experiences in different countries and seeing how they contribute to securing land tenure. Case studies are from Côte d’Ivoire, Burkina Faso, Benin and Guinea. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2003, no.122 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip122_eng.pdf /LAND TENURE/ /TRADITIONAL PRACTICES/ /COTE D'IVOIRE/ /BURKINA FASO/ /BENIN/ /GUINEA/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Science, use rights and exclusion : a history of forestry in Francophone West Africa. Ribot, Jesse. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2001. 15p. Abstract: In francophone West Africa, the forest services asserted their control over forests by claiming superior knowledge which gave them exclusive competence to manage forest resources according to ‘scientific principles’. This paper shows that even today, despite the challenge to such scientific principles by more recent research findings, the legacy of the past approach continues to dominate community based forest management and control. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2001, no.104 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /FORESTS/ /FOREST MANAGEMENT/ /SCIENCE/ /COLONIALISM/ /AFRICA/

Securing land for herders in Niger. Hammel, Roland. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2001. 23p. Abstract: The notion of "home grazing territory", and the legal terms governing it, are presented in the supplementary documents of the Rural Code. They have sparked numerous debates and aroused considerable passion among pastoral organisations in Niger, as those in favour of mobility fear that common access to land will be threatened by the creation of "home grazing territories", and question what rights pastoralists would actually have to these areas. In fact, the notion that legislators have tried to formalise in these documents is based on a longstanding system of land management. Pastoralists in all areas use various means to develop their lands, without questioning the principles of mobility or reciprocal access to pastoral resources by other groups. This paper describes the strategies used over the last ten years to make their tenure to land and other resources more secure and, by reviewing the law as it stands, asks how best such rights can be reinforced by legislation. Pastoralists in many areas are mobilising in an attempt to affirm their rights to home grazing territories. Their associations will be involved in consultations about the draft Pastoral Code, which should be written over the next three years, and it is their hope that this opportunity to re-examine weak or contradictory points in the legislation will improve the status of grazing lands. The

ongoing process of decentralisation will have different repercussions on questions of pastoral land use, depending on context. From 2002 onwards, the land tenure commissions, which are responsible for defining pastoral zones more precisely, will be proposing local land management plans, and local people should use this process to make their views heard. The formulation of the new Pastoral Code should draw on the experiences of the land tenure commissions and consultation with stakeholders, and be based on a review of existing legislation. In order to contribute to the forthcoming debate, this paper will raise certain questions arising from observations made in the field over the course of a three-year collaboration with AREN.2 This was mainly spent with the PAAPB project3 in the north of the administrative district of Dakoro, but also covered other regions of the country. The opinions expressed in this paper are not intended to represent the views of AREN, IIED or SOS-Sahel GB, the author’s contractual employer during this collaboration. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2001, no.102 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /LAND TENURE/ /LEGISLATION/ /PASTORALISTS/ /DECENTRALIZATION/ /NIGER/ /AFRICA/

Securing secondary rights to land in West Africa. Delville, P. Lavigne, et al. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2001. 30p. Abstract: In West Africa, land questions are rising in importance. As pressures on resources increase, farmers need sufficient tenure security to encourage production and investment in land. The procedures governing access to and control over land are of vital importance in promoting intensification and commercialisation of agriculture, combating poverty, and reducing risks of conflict. At the same time, the process of decentralisation and establishment of new local government structures raise the question of which institutions should be responsible for land management. The last ten years have seen a growing body of experience with new approaches to land policy and interventions. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2001, no.107 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip107eng.pdf /LAND TENURE/ /POLICY MAKING/ /LEGISLATION/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY /LOCAL DERIVED RIGHTS

Shared management of common resources : strengthening local skills. Bonnet, Bernard. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2000. 20p. Abstract: Over the last decade, there have been a number of experiments to assist local actors to draw up collective rules for resource management. The aim of these efforts has been to encourage the emergence of local bodies, often informally constituted in the early stages, which can serve as platforms for negotiation and forums to bring together the various interests concerned. The objective is to support and give renewed dynamism to existing management structures, or gradually to build new ones by involving the various local decision-makers and representatives of different user groups. In this paper, we shall take a general look at interventions of this type which have been supported by IRAM in different

settings: Mali, Burkina Faso, Niger, Chad and Guinea. We begin with an analysis of the issues surrounding shared management of common resources and the challenges they present, which provides an opportunity to examine certain key concepts, such as management of renewable resources for long term sustainability. We shall then see what lessons can be learned from earlier development projects. Finally, we shall take a more detailed look at one pilot project, analysing progress and asking how best to support the emergence of local bodies involved in regulating common resources. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2000, no.94 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip94eng.pdf /RESOURCES MANAGEMENT/ /LOCAL LEVEL/ /SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Siren song : Chilean water law as a model for international reform. Bauer, Carl J. Washington, DC : Resources for the Future, 2004. x, 173p. Abstract: Increasing scarcity, conflict, and environmental damage are critical features of the global water crisis. As governments, international organizations, NGOs, and corporations have tried to respond, Chilean water law has seemed an attractive alternative to older legislative and regulatory approaches. Boldly introduced in 1981, the Chilean model is the world's leading example of a free market approach to water law, water rights, and water resource management. Despite more than a decade of international debate, however, a comprehensive, balanced account of the Chilean experience has been unavailable. Siren Song is an interdisciplinary analysis combining law, political economy, and geography. Carl Bauer places the Chilean model of water law in international context by reviewing the contemporary debate about water economics and policy reform. He follows with an account of the Chilean experience, drawing on primary and secondary sources in Spanish and English, including interviews with key people in Chile. He presents the debate about reforming the law after Chile's 1990 return to democratic government, as well as emerging views about how water markets have worked in practice. The resulting book provides insights about law, economics, and public policy within Chile and lessons for the countries around the world that are wrestling with the challenges of water policy reform. Call No.: 17.05.05, 3CL, BAU, 2004 /WATER/ /WATER MANAGEMENT/ /WATER LAW/ /LAW/ /LEGISLATION/ /GOVERNMENT POLICY/ /WATER SUPPLY/ /CHILE/

Strengthening user-rights over local resources in Wollo, Ethiopia. Shitarek, Tenna; Manaye, Sintayehu; Abebe, Berihun. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2001. 24p. Abstract: This paper shares experience in developing a usufruct procedure in Meket Woreda. It describes the process, achievements and initial impacts. It shows the progress to date and concludes by highlighting the key lessons learnt from the process. It also gives recommendations to those who wish to practice a usufruct-rights approach for sustainable natural resource management. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2001, no.103 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html

/RESOURCES MANAGEMENT/ /ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION/ /FORESTS/ /SOIL DEGRADATION/ /SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE/ /OWNERSHIP/ /ETHIOPIA/ /AFRICA/

Sustainability amidst diversity : options for rural households in Mali . International Institute for Environment and Development. Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2000. 37p. Abstract: This summary report presents the results of research into sustainable rural livelihoods carried out in two villages in Mali during 1997-98. A more detailed research report is also available (Brock and Coulibaly 1999). Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2000, no.97 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\Dry_ip97eng.pdf /SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE/ /LAND USE/ /AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT/ /AGRICULTURAL LAND/ /RURAL WORKERS/ /WATER/ /SOIL CONSERVATION/ /RESOURCES MANAGEMENT/ /MALI/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Taking charge of the future : pastoral institution building in Northern Kenya. Birch, Isobel; Shuria, Halima A. O. International Institute for Environment and Development Oxfam . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2002. 28p. Abstract: The Wajir Pastoral Development Project (WPDP) began in 1994 as a nine-year programme, funded by DFID, Comic Relief, and Oxfam. At a practical level it addresses a wide range of issues affecting pastoral livelihoods, such as animal and human health care, water supply, conflict and drought management, education, restocking, and credit. But at its heart is a concern to strengthen institutional capacity and leadership within the district -- working with community organisations (both pastoral associations, and a network of urban-based women’s groups) and with non-government and government bodies at district level. What the WPDP wants to achieve is a situation in which pastoralists can exercise more control over their lives, and it tries to do this in two ways. First, by working directly with pastoral groups, building up their skills to manage development activities and to organise themselves in ways which will help them pursue their fundamental rights and entitlements. Second, by working with those in power, to help them become more aware of pastoralists’ needs and more responsive to their demands. The project has now reached its third three-year phase, and has learned valuable lessons about the challenges of supporting social organisation and policy change in a place such as Wajir. The first section of this paper looks at how this process developed at community level, and the second at the attempts made to influence district-level policy and practice. The final section summarises some of the main lessons learnt. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2002, no.114 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip114eng.pdf /PASTORALISTS/ /LEADERSHIP/ /COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION/ /NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS/ /EMPOWERMENT/ /POLICY MAKING/ /KENYA/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

The tax assignment problem: conceptual and administrative considerations in achieving subnational fiscal autonomy.

McLure, Charles E. World Bank Washington, D.C. : World Bank, 1999. 45p. Call No.: S - Economics /MCL Online at: http://www1.worldbank.org/wbiep/decentralization/Topic06_Printer.htm /TAXATION/ /TAXES/

Third environmental forum [conference documentation]. United Nations Environment Programme. DaimlerChrysler Stuttgart : DaimlerChrysler, 2004. 47p. Call No.: S - Sustainable development /DAI Online at: http://www.environment-forum.com/index.asp

Threats to biodiversity and their implications in protected and adjacent dispersal areas of Kenya. In: Journal of sustainable tourism 12 (1, 2004) : 55-69

Okello, Moses Makonjio; Kiringe, John Warui. Abstract: This study identified threats against biodiversity and conservation in Kenya, and their prevalence across protected areas. The susceptibility of protected areas to the threat factors was also assessed. Ten threat factors were identified from information obtained through interviews with protected area officers. The most prevalent threat factors were the bush meat trade, poaching, prevalence of human-wildlife conflicts, human population density and encroachment, and loss of migration corridors and dispersal areas. Most of the protected areas were susceptible to more than half of the threat factors. All marine protected areas, a majority of forested and protected areas popular with tourists were highly susceptible to most of the threat factors. The findings suggest that biodiversity and most of the protected areas in Kenya are currently faced with various threats. Forest ecosystems, marine protected areas and wetlands need urgent and focused conservation strategies to safeguard them and their biodiversity. Tourism is, however, not a major primary threat; paradoxically some of the other threats identified may be a threat to Kenya's tourism industry. Call No.: S - Tourism /OKE /TOURISM/ /BIODIVERSITY/ /NATURE CONSERVATION/ /NATURE RESERVES/ /PROTECTED AREAS/ /KENYA/ /SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Tourism, economic transition and ecosystem degradation : interacting processes in a Tanzanian coastal community. In: Tourism geographies 3 (4, 2001) : 430-453

Gossling, Stefan. Abstract: In this article, tourism development in the village of Kiwengwa on the east coast of Unguja Island (Zanzibar), Tanzania is investigated. The results show that tourism has caused complex changes in the coastal community. Economically, local income has increased substantially, but tourism has also led to a focus on individual benefit and dissolving kinship relationships, encouraged the abandonment of traditional resource-use strategies, contributed to the commodification of local natural resources, and spread the idea that these resources can be replaced with imports. Overall, tourism has fundamentally disrupted the local socioeconomic system and led to a self-reinforcing cycle of ecosystem degradation. Tourism

development is nevertheless perceived as sustainable because: (i) changes are complex and damage becomes perceptible only in the medium- or long-term future; (ii) the tourist industry tends to shift its impacts to remote areas, i.e. a supplying periphery; and (iii) the village has become a centre of resource allocation itself, with imports compensating for the losses in local ecosystem capacity. Call No.: S - Tourism /GOS /COASTAL PLAINS/ /COMMUNITIES/ /COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT/ /ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT/ /TOURISM/ /TOURISM DEVELOPMENT/ /SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT/ /ECONOMIC THEORY/ /TANZANIA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Towards auditing waste management. International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions . Working Group on Environmental Auditing [s.l.] : INTOSAI Working Group on Environmental Auditing, 2003. 97p. Call No.: 16.04.02, INT, 2003 Online at: http://www.environmental-auditing.org/intosai/wgea.nsf/viewContainerPub/eng04pu_guidewastedraft.pdf/$file/eng04pu_guidewastedraft.pdf /WASTE MANAGEMENT/ /AUDITING/ /INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS/

Trade and sustainable development : collected research of the Trade Knowledge Network 1998-2004 [CDROM].

International Institute for Sustainable Development International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development Winnipeg, MB : Trade Knowledge Network/IISD/ICTSD, 2004. 1 cdrom Abstract: The Trade Knowledge Network (TKN) is composed of research and policy institutions in Africa, Asia, Europe, North and South America that are exploring the connection between trade and sustainable development and working to ensure that increased international trade can contribute to sustainable development in their countries and regions. The goal of the Trade Knowledge Network is to foster long-term capacity to address the complex issues of trade and sustainable development in partner-country research institutions, governments and the wider policy community, including business, academia, and environment and development NGOs. This CD-Rom contains all of the work to date and can be searched by theme or author and can also be accessed on the TKN website http://www.tradeknowledgenetwork.net/ Call No.: CDROM 122 /TRADE/ /ENVIRONMENT/ /SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT/ /RESEARCH/

Transformations in West African agriculture and the role of family farms. Toulmin, Camilla; Gueye, Bara. International Institute for Environment and Development Sweden . Drylands Programme Swedish International Development Agency SIDA London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2003. 84p. Abstract: This paper examines change in West African agricultural systems, the major challenges being faced by smallholders in the region and pathways for the future, given international pressure and domestic restraints. It aims to strengthen debate on West African

agriculture, the role of family farms and trade policy at national, regional and global levels. It identifies and documents how agricultural patterns and livelihoods are evolving in different parts of the region, identifies winners and losers, outlines the impact of OECD trade and agricultural policy on farming livelihoods, and highlights the opportunities for producer organisations to influence policy design and negotiations in partnership with diverse organisations and interests in West Africa. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2003, no. 123 Online at: http://www.iied.org/docs/drylands/dry_ip123eng.pdf ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip123eng.pdf /AFRICA/ /AGRICULTURE/ /FARMING SYSTEMS/ /POVERTY/ /TRENDS/ /SAHEL/ /TRADE POLICY/ /MAPPING/ /MALI/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Understanding environmental policy processes : a review. Keeley, James; Scoones, Ian. University of Sussex . Institute of Development Studies [s.l.] : Environment Group, Institute of Development Studies, 1999. 50p. Abstract: Environmental policies in developing countries are increasingly criticised for being predicated on highly questionable assumptions. This presents two challenges. The first is to explain how and why particular types of knowledge get established in policy. The second is to think about how policy processes might be opened up to more diverse forms of knowledge. Understanding the knowledge-policy relationship involves clarifying exactly what policy is and how it is developed, and reflecting on the particular nature of scientific knowledge which plays such a major role in environmental policy-making. Analysing the policy process also cuts to the heart of key debates in social science: why is reality framed and dealt with in certain ways? How important is political conflict over distribution of power and resources? What is the role of individual actors in policy change? Three contrasting explanations of policy change are explored: that policy reflects political interests, that change reflects the actions of actor-networks; and that policy is a product of discourse. The paper addresses the extent to which these explanations are compatible and argues that they can be taken together using a structuration argument, where discourses and interests are seen as shaping each other, and where both are additionally influenced by the actions of actor-networks. The analysis emphasises the importance of agency and suggests that powerful interests and discourses should not necessarily prohibit the emergence of more participatory policy processes: those allowing room for citizen science and the diverse perspectives of different actors. Call No.: S - Public Policy /KEE Online at: http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids/bookshop/wp/wp89.pdf ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\IDSwp89.pdf /ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY/ /DEVELOPING COUNTRIES/ /KNOWLEDGE/ /SCIENCE/ /POLICY MAKING/

Valuing health outcomes : policy choices and technical issues [Electronic resource]. Krupnick, Alan J. Resources for the Future Washington, DC : Resources for the Future, 2004. 107p. Abstract: The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) is charged with overseeing the use of these tools and in September 2003 issued new regulatory guidance in Circular A-4. This

document boosts the standing of cost-effectiveness analysis in Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIAs) carried out by agencies and promises more widespread use of health indices and health effect measures in describing outcomes. This report sorts out the assumptions underlying the alternative analytical tools and health valuation measures and informs practitioners about the implications of their choices on the effectiveness, efficiency, and equity of the policies they evaluate. The research grew out of a February 2003 conference and an April 2003 workshop, cosponsored by resources for the Future and a host of federal agencies, at which these tools and methods were discussed and compared. Call No.: 02.03.02, KRU, 2004 Online at: http://www.rff.org/Documents/RFF-RPT-ValuingHealthOutcomes.pdf ELOCN:\\Metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\Krupnick.pdf /HEALTH/ /HEALTH EXPENDITURE/ /HEALTH ECONOMICS/ /HEALTH FINANCING/ /HEALTH STATISTICS/ /UNITED STATES/ /COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS/

What future for West Africa's family farms in a world market economy?. Belieres, Jean-Francois, et al. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2002. 36p. Abstract: Public policy and new support structures need to be able to take into account the "rural masses", along with the reality of the new international environment and its consequences for agriculture in many countries. Seen from this angle, family-based forms of agriculture are probably the best equipped to cope with globalisation, thanks to their flexibility and ability to adapt. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2002, no.113 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip113eng.pdf /RURAL COMMUNITIES/ /FAMILY FARMS/ /GLOBALIZATION/ /AGRICULTURE/ /ADAPTATION/ /ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION/ /MALI/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Where there is no data : participatory approaches to veterinary epidemiology in pastoral areas of the Horn of Africa.

Catley, Andy; Mariner, Jeffrey. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 2002. 20p. Abstract: This paper provides an overview of recent experiences with the use of participatory approaches and methods to understand livestock diseases in pastoral areas. These experiences include the emergence of participatory epidemiology as a distinct branch of veterinary epidemiology, and most recently, studies on the validity and reliability of participatory methods. The paper discusses how participatory assessment can compliment conventional systems of veterinary inquiry and outlines plans to integrate participatory epidemiology into national veterinary epidemiology units. Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 2001, no.110 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html /PASTORALISTS/ /ANIMAL DISEASES/ /VETERINARY MEDICINE/ /INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE/ /AFRICA/

Whither participation? : experience from francophone West Africa. Gueye, Bara. International Institute for Environment and Development . Drylands Programme London : International Institute for Environment and Development, 1999. 31p. Abstract: The emergence in the Sahel of the so-called "participatory" approach, at the end of the 1970s, stemmed from an awareness of the limitations of the local development strategies adopted in the Francophone countries of West Africa during the first two decades following independence. These strategies were based on the idea that it was the role of the State, to lay down guidelines and decide on the most appropriate measures and how they should be implemented. A centralised, vertical approach of this kind left no room for local people to participate in the decision-making process. On the contrary, the State acted as if it were alone capable of defining the needs of local communities and determining the measures required to satisfy them. This outlook naturally tended to shape the mentality and attitudes of both local communities and technicians responsible for implementing development policies. On the one hand, the technicians acted in accordance with a conventional technology transfer model, whereby they presented themselves as providers of know-how to local people (Scoones in Guèye; 1999). On the other, local people, constantly seeing their own frame of reference, knowledge and know-how disregarded, came to suffer from a lack of self-esteem, and adopted in some places what might be referred to as a "welfare mentality". In other words, they tended to turn more and more to outside agencies for solutions to local problems. The results of these strategies were not long in making themselves felt. It soon became apparent that the considerable resources invested in development programmes were not having a major impact. The technologies adopted were often not appropriate to the needs of local communities and were incompatible with local cultural norms. Some of the problems which interventions were intended to solve in fact got worse. In view of this situation, it became necessary to reconsider the way in which development programmes were designed, and to give greater weight to the aspirations and needs of local people. This concept led gradually to emergence of the participatory approach. The basic premise underlying the participatory approach is that "greater involvement of local people in defining local problems, identifying solutions and implementing them ensures that the resulting programmes are more effective and sustainable". Call No.: 07.02.01, IIED, Dry, 1999, no.87 Online at: http://www.iied.org/drylands/pubs/issuepapers.html ELOCN:\\metonymy\shared\Administration\IC files\MINISIS pdfs\dry_ip87eng.pdf /ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT/ /COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION/ /LOCAL GOVERNMENT/ /DECENTRALIZATION/ /LAND MANAGEMENT/ /PRIVATE INVESTMENT/ /AFRICA/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Women and the environment. United Nations Environment Programme Women's Environment and Development Organization United Nations Foundation Nairobi : United Nations Environment Programme, 2004. 116p. Abstract: This publication makes the often hidden links between women and the environment visible, with an explicit focus on the gender-related aspects of land, water and biodiversity conservation and management. UNEP hopes that Women and the Environment will inspire the environmental and sustainable development community to better understand the importance of gender, and to integrate a gender perspective across all of its work.

Call No.: 14.02.03, UNEP, Wom, 2004 /WOMEN/ /ENVIRONMENT/ /BIODIVERSITY/ /DESERTIFICATION/ /WATER MANAGEMENT/ /POLICY MAKING/ /GENDER ANALYSIS/ /DPDL POVERTY/

Compiled by Stacy Matwick Mailto: smatwick@iisd.ca July 2004