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RETURN TO THE MOON: THIS TIME TO STAY
Larry TaylorLarry Taylor
Dawn TaylorDawn Taylor
Planetary Geosciences InstituteDepartment of Earth & Planetary Sciences
University of Tennessee
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
July 20, 1969 Dec. 12, 1972
It is the Heritage of Mankind that We are Explorers,to Go Where No Person has Gone Before.
In January, 2004, President Bushestablished a national program of returning humans to space, first to the Moon, then Mars, and beyond.
South Pole / Amundsen SiteSouth Pole / Amundsen Site
With Exploration and Settling of the Moon,With Exploration and Settling of the Moon,We must Learn to We must Learn to “Live Off the Land”,“Live Off the Land”, in muchin muchthe same way Our Ancestors Settled America.the same way Our Ancestors Settled America.
Water-Ice ??
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
Living Conditions on the Moon
No Atmosphere - Deep VacuumNo Atmosphere - Deep Vacuum : 10-12 to 10-15 atm
Temperatures:Temperatures: Equator: Day = +125 0C; Night = -150 0C
Avg. = -20 ±120 0C
Poles: Dark = -220-240 0C Lighted = -50 ±20 0C
Micrometeorite ImpactMicrometeorite Impact : Velocities to >>105 km/hr
RadiationRadiation: Galactic / Cosmic / Solar-ray Particles
Our Unhappy Moon
30 - 100,000 MPH
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
Micrometeorite Impacts on a Lunar Glass BeadMicrometeorite Impacts on a Lunar Glass Bead
5 m
Impact CratersImpact Craters
Courtesy Dave McKay
Projectile Φ
Crater Φ=
1
10
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
0.5 m 5 m
Projectile
= 1/100th the diameter of a hair on your head
Lunar Soil Lunar Soil FormationFormation
ComminutionComminution, , AgglutinationAgglutination, & , & Vapor DepositionVapor Deposition
The major Weathering and Erosional agent on the Moon isMeteorite / Micrometeorite Impacts.
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
100 m
Courtesy – Dave McKay
AgglutinatesAgglutinates 50 m
Polished section as viewed in Reflected Light
Agglutinitic Glass GasVesicule
Ilmenite
Rocklet
Volcanic Glass Bead
SEM
Pieces of minerals, rocks, and glass welded together by shock-melt glass
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
1 m
Milky Way of nanophase Feo
Fe0
all white beads = Metallic Iron (Fe0)
SEM - BSE
All Impact Glass has Metallic Fe
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
MAGNETIC PROPERTIESMAGNETIC PROPERTIESOF LUNAR SOILSOF LUNAR SOILS
Abundance of Nano- phase FeAbundance of Nano- phase Fe00 in in Lunar Soil Increases Lunar Soil Increases as Grain Size of the as Grain Size of the Particles Decreases;Particles Decreases;
Magnetic Susceptability of Soil Particles Increases Magnetic Susceptability of Soil Particles Increases as Grain Size Decreases;as Grain Size Decreases;
All <50 All <50 m Particles (~50 wt%) of Lunar Soil are m Particles (~50 wt%) of Lunar Soil are EasilyEasily
Attracted by a simple Hand-held Magnet. Attracted by a simple Hand-held Magnet. (Taylor et al., 2005)(Taylor et al., 2005)
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
Dusty Lunatic
Apollo 17 Astronaut Harrison H. (Jack) Schmitt
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
Lunar Dust Effects: Must be Addressed before any Commercial
Presenceon the Moon can be Fully Evaluated. Potential for settling on all thermal and optical surfaces, such as Solar cells and mirrors; and
Coatings, on seals, gaskets, optical lens, windows, electrical components, astronaut suits, etc.; and
Abrasiveness, with regards to friction-bearing surfaces;
Physiological effects on humans, especially with respect to the lungs, the lymph system, and potentially the cardiovascular system, in the case of extremely fine particles.
SOLUTION: Magnetic brushes ??SOLUTION: Magnetic brushes ??
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
“Lunar Dust Hay Fever”, Jack Schmitt
ANOTHER WHITE HOUSE LEAK!!
In the hands of these people :
MICROWAVE RADIATION for DUST MITIGATION
There is an entire subculture of people who derive pleasure from putting strange things in microwave ovens
Things that microwave oven manufacturers would strenuously suggest should not be put there.
Table grapes produce glowing plasmas; Soap bars mutate into abominable soap monsters; Compact discs incandesce;
Even ‘Wet Poodles’ have been known to “explode.”
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
Microwave Heating of Lunar Soil
NanoPhase Fe0 in Silicate Glass
so small as to be below the effective “skin depth”
of microwave penetration; makes for
GREAT MICROWAVE COUPLING!
Lunar soil in your kitchen microwave oven
will melt [~1200 0C],
BEFORE your tea-water boils [100 0C]!!Taylor & Meek (2005)
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
Performed in the Hot-node of a Multimode Oven
Initial Experiments
LUNAR SOIL PROCESSING & PRODUCTS
SINTERING and MELTING
Microwave Source
ParabolicMetalReflectorPrimary Cone
of Microwaves
Creating Smooth-Sintered to Glassy Surfaces on the Moon
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
Roads
LUNAR SOIL PROCESSING & PRODUCTS
SINTERING and MELTING
SUGGESTIONS ??
Antenna Dishes Buildings
Landing Pads
Recovery of Volatiles
Glass Fiber Production
Oxygen Production
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
A Single Magnetron
3-Port Circulator
Short Dummy Load
3-Stub Tuner
Applicator Chamber
Precision Sliding Short Circuit
Flexible Waveguide
Dual Power Monitor
Prof. Taylor VodkaFrom Russian colleagues
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
2.45GHz, JSC-1 Temperature Ramp
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0 5 10 15 20
Time, sec
Tem
per
atu
re,
o C
1750 0C
50 Watts 1 gm Pellet,
RUN-AWAY MICROWAVE HEATING - >1000 0C/10 seconds
University of Tennessee, Planetary Geosciences InstituteLarry Taylor, [email protected]
(3182 0C)
10 sec
NASA PHOTO
TIME FOR ANOTHER WALK ON THE MOON
Coming Along?
Courtesy, Jack Schmitt
