Braceros, Jann DeniseJopia, Fe Marie

Zoo 113 C – 1L

Respiration

o Process of obtaining oxygen from the external environment & eliminating CO2

Respiratory System of Shark

o In fish, the pharynx contains the visceral or branchial arches and gill pouches.

o Spiracle is differentiated from the first gill pouch. It forms between the jaws and the hyoid arches.

o Splanchnocanium cartilage:Branchial bars = visceral bar =

bar gill= gill arch

Respiratory System of Shark

o Gill rays are internal cartilaginous suports for the gill lamellae that form on the lateral sides of the branchial bars.

o Gill rakers prevent debris or food entry to gills and form on the medial or internal sides of the branchial bars.

o Gill filaments or Gill lamellae are where actual gas exchange

Respiratory System of SharkSPIRACLE

Respiratory System of Shark

SEPTAL GILLS

Respiratory System of Shark

GILL RAKERS

Respiratory System of Birds

o Air Sacs (diverticula of lungs) are extensively distributed throughout most of the body

o Arrangement of air ducts in lungs:

no passageway is a dead-end

o Unidirectional air flow through lungs (parabronchi)

Respiratory System of Birds

o Associated structures:TRACHEA and SYRINX

o TRACHEA• usually as long as a vertebrates neck• reinforced by cartilaginous rings • spits into two primary bronchi where SYRINX is formed

Respiratory System of Birds

Respiratory System of Birds

Respiratory System of Birds

Respiratory System of Mammals

o Mammalian lungs are multi-chambered and usually divided into lobes.

o Air flow is bidirectional.

Respiratory System of Mammals

Trachea

Secondary

bronchi

Primary bronchi

Bronchioles

Tertiary bronchi

Alveoli

References

De Iuliis, G. and D. Pulera. 2007. Dissection of Vertebrates Laboratory

Manual. USA: Hing Yip Printing Co.

https://segue.middlebury.edu/view/html/site/biol0202a-s08/node/1877608

http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453labs/453lab13-09.pdf