Residential multi-storey buildings

Building Systems by Stora EnsoResidential multi-storey buildings

BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS2

Table of contents1 Introduction and disclaimer ........................................................................................................... 3

1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 4

1.2 Thebenefitsofthesystem .................................................................................................... 5

1.3 Disclaimer ............................................................................................................................. 5

2 AnatomyoftheStoraEnsoBuildingSystem ................................................................................. 6

3 Architecturaldesignguidelines ..................................................................................................... 10

4 BuildingSystembyStoraEnso...................................................................................................... 14

4.1 Possibilitiesofthebuildingsystem ....................................................................................... 16

4.2 Principlesofbuildingacoustics ............................................................................................ 18

4.3 Principlesoffiredesign ......................................................................................................... 19

4.4 Principlesofcontrollingdeformationsandcracking ............................................................ 21

4.5 PrinciplesofHVACdesign .................................................................................................... 23

4.6 Principlesofseismicdesign ................................................................................................. 24

4.7 Frameelementproductioninformation ................................................................................ 25

4.8 Basicjoints ............................................................................................................................ 28

5 Structuraldesign ........................................................................................................................... 29

5.1 Structuraltypes .................................................................................................................... 30

5.2 Structuraldetails ................................................................................................................... 49

6 On-siteassembly ........................................................................................................................... 73

6.1 Principlesoferection ............................................................................................................ 74

6.1.1 General ..................................................................................................................... 74

6.1.2 Erectionofverticalwalls .......................................................................................... 74

6.1.3 ErectionofhorizontalCLT /ribslab ......................................................................... 75

6.2 Transportation ...................................................................................................................... 75

6.2.1 TransportationofCLTpanels ................................................................................... 75

6.3 Protection on-site ................................................................................................................. 76

6.3.1 Moisture control ....................................................................................................... 76

6.3.2 Personsinchargeofthemoisturecontrol ............................................................... 76

6.3.3 Moisturecontrolplanandemployeeengagement .................................................. 76

6.3.4 Assuranceofmoisturetechnicalqualityincaseofmoisturedamage .................... 76

6.4 Protectionofstructuresandmaterialson-site ..................................................................... 76

6.4.1 Protectionofload-bearingwoodenwallpanels ...................................................... 77

6.4.2 Protectionofintermediatefloorslabs ...................................................................... 77

6.4.3 Protectionofnon-load-bearingexternalwallpanels .............................................. 78

6.4.4 Protectionoftheroof................................................................................................ 78

6.4.5 Managementofindoorconditions ........................................................................... 78

6.4.6 Inspectionstobeconductedpriortotheinstallationofcoatingmaterials.............. 78

7 Sustainability ................................................................................................................................. 79

7.1 StoraEnsobuildingsolutionsforsustainablehomes .......................................................... 80

7.1.1 Responsiblysourcedrenewablewoodforlowcarbonbuildingsolutions .............. 80

7.1.2 Energyefficientandlowcarbonhomes ................................................................... 81

7.2 Occupanthealthandwellbeing—Indoorclimateandthermalcomfort .............................. 81

7.3 ElementsoflifecycledesigninCLTandLVLbasedbuildings ............................................. 82

7.4 Certificationofsustainableandlowcarbonhomes ............................................................. 82

8 StoraEnso...................................................................................................................................... 83

3 BUILDING SYSTEMS BY STORA ENSO | RESIDENTIAL MULTI-STOREY BUILDINGS

1 Introduction and disclaimer


1.1 IntroductionThismanualdefinestheStoraEnsosolidwoodpanelandribslabsystemforwoodenmulti-storeyresidentialbuildings.Itisintendedfordesigners,contractors,buildingown-ersanddevelopers.

Thestructural solutionscontained in thesepagesare intended for thesystemshownhere,buttheymayalsobeappliedoutsidethescopeofthemanual.Thecoreofthesys-temisStoraEnso’ssolidstructuralwallpanelsandstructurallygluedribslabs,whichprovidebothtechnicalperformanceandindustrialquality.Theseengineeredwoodcom-ponentsenableanindustrialmethodofconstructionthatreducesassemblytimeonsiteandeliminatestheneedforwetconcreteconstruction.

Thesystemisagenericbuildingsystemthatcanbeadjustedtovariousmarketandcus-tomerrequirementsdependingonlocalneeds.Theseadjustmentsmightinclude:

Architectural considerations• typologyandscaleofthebuilding• unitandroomlayouts• customerdemandsorlocalmarketfactors

Engineeringconsiderations• localperformancerequirements(acoustics,fireprotection,thermalinsulation, etc.)• localcoderequirements(definedbyrelevantbuildingauthorities)

ThemanualoffersagoodoverviewofcommonEuropeanstructuresandbuildingtypesbutshouldalsogivesinspirationfornewideasandexperiments.

DetaileddesigninstructionsandstructuraldrawingscanbedownloadedfromthewebpagesofStoraEnsoBuildingSolutions.


1.2 ThebenefitsofthesystemThesystemoffersseveralbenefitsforallpartiesinbuildingprocess.

Forarchitectsitprovides:• systemsandmaterialsthatenablehighqualityarchitectureandinteriors• opensystemsthatallowsproducts,structuresandshapestobeeasilycombined• safesolutionsandproventechnologiestofulfiltherequirementsofbuilding

authorities• frameworkforthedevelopmentofthebuildingdesign

Forengineersitprovides:• aneasy,safeanddependablesystemofdesign• provenstructuraldetails• clearlydefinedperformancevaluesforstructures• aclearsystemandguidelinesforbracingthebuilding• qualitybackgroundmaterialanddesigntools• structuraldetailsavailablefordownload• amanualandsoftwareforstructuralcalculations• third-party-testedstructuresanddesignmethods

Forcontractorsandcarpentersitprovides:• safesolutions—testedandproveninstructionsforthewholebuildingprocess• fastassemblytimes• aprovenstructuralsystem• industrialcomponentswithfactoryprecision• nodryingorcuringtimes• lightweightstructuresthatreduceoreliminatetheneedforheavyliftingequipment

Forownersandoccupantsitprovides:• costefficiency• moderndesignwithvisiblewoodeninteriorsurfaces• healthywoodenliving/building• healthylivingwithnaturalmaterials• energyefficiency—lowheatingandcoolingcostsforthewholebuilding• ecologicalbenefits;lowenergyconsumptionandalowercarbonfootprint

Fordevelopersitprovides:• ashortconstructionphase—lesstimetowaitoninvestmentreturns• anattractiveproductformodernandenvironmentallyconsciouscustomers• asystemthatcanbetailoredforvaryingtypesandsizesofbuildings

1.3 DisclaimerThemanualismeantforpreliminarydesignofbuildingsandstructures.

The use of the structural solutions (and reference values) shown heredoesnotreplacetheneedforfinaldesignandcalculationsbyresponsibledesigners—includingbutnotlimitedtostructural,acoustic,fireorbuildingphysicaldesign—and thusallsolutionsanddetailsused inconstructionshouldbereviewed,verifiedandapprovedbytheresponsibledesignersoftheproject.Conformancewithlocalbuildingregulationsshallbeconfirmedbytheresponsibledesigners.Designdetailsaresubjecttochange.

StoraEnsodoesnotgiveanywarranties,representationsorundertakingsabouttheaccuracy,validity,timelinessorcompletenessofanyinformationordatainthismanualandexpresslydisclaimsanywarrantiesofmerchant-abilityorfitnessforparticularpurpose.InnoeventwillStoraEnsobeliableforanydirect,special, indirect,consequential incidentaldamagesoranyotherdamagesofanykindcausebytheuseofthismanual.

Manualcopyright:©StoraEnso


2 Anatomy of the Stora Enso Building System


Basiccomponents:thebuildingframe

highinteriors

landings

(massivewood)

stairs

(massivewood)

load-bearingwalls

(massivewood)

elevatorshafts

• notelocalfireregulations

floors

(ribslabs)• largespanspossible• optimizeduseofmaterial• gapbetweentheribscan

beusedforinstallations(water,heating,electricity)

floors

(massivewood)• short spans

load-bearingwalls

(massivewood)• highrigidityprovideslargeflexibility

foropeningsinshearwalls• bigelementsarereducing

thegrooves/joints• greatfireresistance

non-load-bearingwalls

(timberframe+timberpanel)• optimizeduseofmaterial• timberpanelsactasbuilding

phase protection

non-load-bearingwalls

(timberframe+timberpanel)


Variablecomponents:additionsandalternatives

interiorsurfaces(materialsandfinishes)

• bymodifyingsurfacelayersdifferentacousticandfireregulationscanbeachieved

• separatedfromtheload-bearingframe Interiorandexteriorworkonthemassivewoodskeletoncanbedoneindependently

non-load-bearingwalls(positionsandopenings)

• optimizeduseofmaterial• adjustablewallpositions• flexiblespacedesign

floorsandceilings(interiorsurfaces)

• bymodifyingsurfacelayersdifferentacousticandfireregulationscanbeachieved

• separatedfromtheload-bearingframe

façades/insulation

• possibletousedifferentmaterials• can be elemented

windows/doors

façades/exteriorsurfaces

• possibletousedifferentmaterials• can be elemented

balconies

• technicallypossibletousedifferentbalconytypes

railings

glazing

clearseparationbetweenload-bearingelements and insulations

Rib slab

• Largespansarepossibleduetohighrigidityandlowself-weight

• Optimizedgeometryachievemaximumperformancewiththe least material spent

• Light—noheavyliftingequipmentnecessary

• No cast-in-place concrete requiredcomparedtoconcretecomposite or precast solutions

Fireprotection—massivewoodwalls

• Well-knownandpredictablecharringbehaviour—lowriskofanabruptcollapse

• Void-freeconstructionpreventsfirespreadwithinthestructure

• Mayburnandcharfromthesurface–thelowdensitycharlayeractsasaheatinsulationfortheunderlayingtimber

• Underthecharlayerandpyrolysiszoneremainsuncharredtimberwithhighstrengthandstiffnesspropertiesforalongandpredictabletime

• Theuseofprotectivelayerssuchasgypsymboardsreducesthethicknessoftherequiredload-bearingstructure

Massivewoodwall

• Goodfireresistance

• Efficientloaddistributioninashearwallsystem(lessconcentratedload)

• Light—noheavyliftingequipmentnecessary

• Dimensionalstabilityduetocrosslamination—limitingcreepandshrinkage

• Highrigidityprovideslargeflexibilityforopeningsinshearwalls

Bracing—massivewoodwallsand rib slabs

• Entirebracingsystemestablishedwithtimberelements—nosteelorconcreterequired

• Highrigidityprovideslargeflexibilityforopeningsinshearwalls

• Linearloaddistributionfromfloortowalls—lessconcentratedloads

Joints

• Jointsaredesignedatamaximumamountofrigiditywiththemostadequateacousticinsulation at the same time

• Flankingsoundtransmissionisreduced

• Verticalloadpathwasdirectedthroughtimberpartswithgrainorientationparalleltotheforce—thereforeverticaldeformationsduetoelasticcontraction,creepandshrinkagearekeptataminimum

Fire protection

massivewood

massivewoodwithnon-combustible surfacelayers

timberframewithnon-combustible surfacelayers

Walls

timberframe

massivewoodwall

Bracing

concrete core

massivewoodshearwalls

trusses

timberframe+wallpanels

Jointtypes

hardjoint+decoupled installationlayers

solidjoint

softjoint

softlayer


BuildingcomponentsThetablebelowshowscomponentsusedintheStoraEnsomodelbuildingascomparedwithvariousothermulti-storeytimberbuildings.ThecomponentsoftheStoraEnsosystemhavebeenchosenforoptimalperformanceinbracing,fireprotection,acousticsanddeformationinordertomeetthemostdemandingbuildingregulations.TheStoraEnsosystemisanopensys-tem—thesystemcanbeextendedwithcomponentsoutsidethesystem.

Floors

rib slab

timber-concrete composite

timberfloorjoist

timberfloorwithI-joist

massivewoodslab


3 Architectural design guidelines


ThefollowingguidelinesaremeanttohelparchitectsapplytheStoraEnsosys-temtotheparticularneedsofvarioustypesofmulti-storeyhousing.Thesefivebasicprinciplesmaybeappliedinanyorderaccordingtotheparticularneedsoftheproject.

DefinetheurbanscaleMassingstrategyandbuildingvolume

Inthepreliminarydesignphases,theurbanscaleandmassoftheprojectaredefined.Thesizeofthevolumesmayvaryfromlargeurbanblockstosmallerapartment houses. Depending on the particular site and surroundings, thearchitectcanconsiderandproposevaryingtypologiesforthewholeprojectorforspecificbuildings.

Casestudyexample:8-storeypointaccessblock

DefinethebuildingtypologyFootprint,unitdistributionandverticalcirculation

Thefootprintofthebuildingaswellasthedistributionoflivingunits,shapeandposition of the vertical access core form the basic parameters of the buildingstructure.Asymmetricallayoutwithacentralcorewilloptimisetheload-bearingstructuresandshearwalls,improvingtheeconomicsoftheproject.

Variationsinbuildingfootprintandlocationoftheverticalaccesscore

Variationsinunittypesanddistribution

Casestudyexample:centralcorewithfourunitsperfloor


StructuralprinciplesandbearingelementsShearwalls/load-bearingwallsRibbedslabs/load-bearingdirectionsMassingstrategyandbuildingvolume

Corewallsandwallsdividingapartmentsareusuallythemostsuitableforuseasshearandload-bearingstructures.However,evenlongshearwallpanelsmaystillhaveopeningsordoorsdependingondetailedstructuralcalculations.

Ribbedslabsaredesignedtoachievelongspansandusuallyeliminatetheneedforload-bearingelementsinsidetheapartmentunits.Thedirectionoftheribbedslabsdefineswhichfaçadeswillbeload-bearing.Thefaçadeswhichdonotbeartheloadoftheslabswillhaveincreasedflexibilityforlargerandmorefrequentopenings.

A

C

B

D option 1

ribslabelementsdefiningload-bearingdirection

load-bearingandshearwallsoptionalpossibilities(a,b,c,d) option 2

WetzonesandtechnicalshaftsBaths,toilets,kitchensandtechnicalinstallations

Inoptimallayouts,technicalinstallationshaftsarelocatedaroundtheverticalcoreforeasymaintenanceandmanagement.

Wetzonesshouldalsobesituatednexttoinstallationshafts.Specificlocationsforbaths,toiletsandkitchensmayvaryinsidethesewetzones.Beawarethatlonghorizontaldrainlinesmayaffectthedirectionandstructureofslabelements.

WET AREA ZONE / POSSIBILITIES

VERTICAL SHAFTS / INSTALLATIONS

BATHROOM / TOILET

KITCHEN

WET AREA ZONE / POSSIBILITIES

VERTICAL SHAFTS / INSTALLATIONS

BATHROOM / TOILET

KITCHEN

verticalshafts/installationswetareazone/possibilitiesbathroom/toiletkitchen

Additional elementsPartitionwallsDoorsandwindowsBalconiesFixedfurniture

Non-load-bearingpartitionwallsmaybepositionedfreelyaccordingtothearchitec-turallayoutoftheunits.Otherelementssuchasbalconies(recessed,cantilevered,suspended, etc.),windows(framed,glazingsystems),door(hinged,sliding)andfixedfurnitureelementsareallpossibleaccordingtothearchitecturaldesign.

VariableelementsSurfacesandfinishes

Surfacesandfinishesforinteriorandexteriorstructurescanbedefinedindividuallyforeachprojectinaccordancewitharchitecturaldesign,technicalneedsandlocalrequirements.Seestructuraldetailsforfurtherinformation.

fullyequippedfloorplan


Renderedelevations Cross-sectiona-a Cross-sectionb-b

Generalfloorplan(2–8)

Casestudyexample:Centralcorewithfourunitsperfloor


4 Building System by Stora Enso

Step3 Equipmentphaseofthetimberframe

Step2Buildingphase“heatin,waterout”weatherprotectionwithload-bearingwoodcomponents


TheBuildingSystembyStoraEnsoThe building process consists of three phases: manufacturing,assemblyandinstallationofadditionalequipment.

In the first phase, elements aremanufactured in the factory andequippedtotheextentagreedwiththeclient.

Inthesecondphase,theframeisassembledonsitefrompre-man-ufacturedelementsandprotected fromweather.Toensuresuffi-cientprotection,edgesandopeningsarecoveredwithtarpaulinsorotherhydrophobicmembranes,eliminatinganyneedforadditionalstructures.Inthisway,theframeisexposedforaslittletimeaspos-sibleandheatingofthebuildinginteriorcanbeginquicklytoallowforphasethree.

In the third phase, secondary elements such as balconies andfaçade elements are installed alongwith HVAC installations andinteriorfinishes.

hydrophobictreatmentorraincoveronhorizontalsurface

• weatherprotectionwithload-bearingcomponents

• noneedofseparatetent

lightweightcover

• protectionforstairs,liftsandbathrooms

Waterremovalshallbeplannedseparately.

edgeandsideprotection

• protectedwithatarpaulin

thewholeframeprotected

• controlledwooddryingcanbegin

Completedbuilding

Other structural components

lightroofelementsforcovering

Possibilities for long time covering:

coveringwithtarpaulin

Massivewoodslabs

Supplements

StoraEnsocoreparts:

Step1 Timber element manufacturing


ThebuildingsystembyStoraEnso isbasedon longspanLVLribslabsandwideCLTwallpanels.Surfacelayersmaybe added to these elements depending to meet perfor-mancerequirementsforfire-protectionoracousticisolation.

With its variablecomponents, theelementsystemcanbeutilized for low-rise or high-rise buildings. By varying thesurface structures and the stiffness of the load-bearingjoints, the structural performance of the system can beadjustedtotheheightofthebuilding.

Intheexamplebuilding,surfacelayersareappliedwithresil-ientconnections to the load-bearingelements,whilecon-nectionsbetween the load-bearing elementsof the frameare‘woodtowood’withnosoftlayersbetweenthem.

Showcase WoodtowoodVibrationisolationpad

requiredshearstiffnessofthemainjoints

totalnumberofthestories

0 5 13

highlow

joint:floortopartitionwall



4.1 Possibilitiesofthebuildingsystem


~0.2L ~0.15L ~0.3L

Bracing• 100% timber• Basedonfloorsandwalls+rigidconnections

Guidelinesformulti-storeybuildings

• Consultlocalloadingconditionsandbuildingregulations• Considerthelayoutanddesignofshearwalls:

• symmetricalfloorlayoutsreducetorsionalvibrations• sufficientnumbersofwallsinsuresoverallstiffness• openingsinshearelementsmustbecarefullyplanned(size,location,number)

Calculationsmustconsider…

• Designloads• accordingtoactualEN-standard• particularlyaccidential(fireandprogressivecollapse)and

seismic• Ultimate limit state

• particularlylossofequilibrium• fractureconsiderations

• Servicelimits• particularlydeformationsandvibrationsofthewhole

structure• structural members and connections• load-bearingcapacityandstiffness

Bracingwhenlocalauthori-tiesdemandorshearwallsarenotsufficienttostabilizethesystem

Bracingwithconcretecore

intermediate

flooranchoredtothetower

slipcastingor

anchored concrete elements

windloadandloadduetogeometricimperfections

ExamplestiffnessofCLTshearwallwithopenings(note:roughestimation,sizeandshapeshallbeanalysedforeachcaseseparately)

stiffnessx

H

L L ~1,7L ~1,7L

H

~0.5H

~0.5H

~0.5HH H

shearwall

solid timber

shearwall

upliftconnection

steelplateandscrews

sheardiaphragm

rib slab

shear connection

plywood,nailsandscrews

shear connection

• tofoundations• steelplatesweldedto

fasteningplates

upliftconnection

• tofoundations• flatsteelweldedto

holding-downplate

windloadandloadduetogeometricimperfections

stiffness~0.3*x stiffness~1,9*x stiffness~0.75*x


4.2 PrinciplesofbuildingacousticsIn order to control unwanted noise and vibrations, acousticdesigncoversawiderangeoffactorsfromthevibrationofthebuildingframetoconnectiondetailsthataffectflankingtrans-missionbetweenroomsandapartments.

Theexamplebuildingisdesignedtoaddressfourmainacous-ticchallenges:airbornesound, impactsound,flankingtrans-missionandplumbingnoise.Formore informationseeaddi-tional literature and contact local authorities to determine specificrequirementsforyourproject.Acousticvaluesgiveninthis manual are based on calculation and used assumptions.

steelstudsframehavelessconnectionbetweenthelayersthantimberframe

• offersimprovedsound isolation

layerstructures

• reduces airborne sound and improvessoundisolationto other apartments

acousticaldesignofstructuresaccordingtolocalrequirements

sound direct path(theenergyofthesoundwaveislowerduetothelayerstructure)

Sound flanking pathwhendirectcontacttothe

load-bearingframe

Flanking

1)and3)

2)

3)

4)

1) 2)

Plumbing noise

apartment

corridor

Airborne sound

Impact sound insulation

floatingsurfacestructure

• reduces impact sound• acousticaldesignofstructures

accordingtolocalrequirements

insulation

• absorbs sound

acousticspringsuspension

• sound isolation

Sound flanking pathwhenindirectcontacttothe

load-bearingframe

mainplumbinglinesat the corridor

• reduces noise to the apartment

plumbingisisolatedfromtheframewithinsulatedhangers

• reduces sound transmission to the apartment

separatedlayerstructures

• floorandwallstructuresseparatedfromtheload-bearingframe

• reducesflankingtoother apartments

4)


4.3 PrinciplesoffiredesignRequirements on fire safety vary and depend on e.g. geographicallocation,typeanduseofabuilding.However,all localrequirementsmustbeconsidered.Backgroundoffiresafety-relatedrequirementsarethefollowingmainprinciplesbeingregulatedonEuropeanlevel:

• occupantsshallbeabletoleavethebuildingsorberescued• thesafetyofrescueteamsshallbetakenintoaccount• load-bearingstructuresshallresistfirefortherequiredminimumdurationoftime

• thegenerationandspreadoffireandsmokeshallbelimited• thespreadoffiretoneighbouringbuildingsshallbelimited

Outofthesemainprinciples,followingrequirementsonbuildingcom-ponentsdoexist:

• reactiontofire• describesthecontributionofbuildingmaterialstofire• verificationwithclassificationaccordingtoEN13501-1

• fireresistance• describestheresistanceofbuildingcomponentsincaseoffire• verificationwithclassificationaccordingtoEN13501-2orcalculationaccordingtoEN1995-1-2

Principlesconcerninghowtoprovidefireresistancewithlayupsbased onmassivewood:

• Principle1:“Exposedmassivewood”• noadditionalprotectionlayersonmassivewood;fullfireresistanceprovidedbymassivewood

• Principle2:“Limitedencapsulation”• massivewoodwithfire-protectivelayersonit;massivewoodisallowedtochar

• Principle3:“Completeencapsulation”• massivewoodwithfire-protectivelayersonit;massivewoodisnotallowedtochar

• seeliteratureandlocalauthoritiesformoreinformation• www.clt.info

Solid wall protected with surface layers

Solid wall protected with surface layers Solid wall

Solid wall

surfacematerial

• A2-s1,d0

protectioncover

K2 30

fireresistanceREI60–120

• protectivelayers• fireresistanceofthe

residual cross-section

surfacematerial

• D-s2,d0


• fireresistanceoftheresidual cross-section

sprinklerinintermediatefloor

smokedetectorinintermediatefloor

Smoke detectorSprinkler

Extinguishingandrescue

ExampleoffiresafetydetailingNote national rules

Firesafetyoftheload-bearingstructures


• calculated or tested structure


surfacematerial

• A2-s1,d0• protectioncoverK230• residual cross-section

Elevator shaft

Multi-layer floor structure

surfacematerial

• A2-s1,d0

protectioncoverK2 30


• protectivelayers• fireresistanceofthe

residual cross-section

surfacematerial

• D-s2,d0



concrete

• non-combustible material

surfacematerial

• A2-s1,d0


4) 4)

2)3)

4)2)

1)

1)

3)

5)1)

2)

6)

4)


Fire resistance of load-bearing walls

Referencewallscalculatedinthismanual• 4or7timberstoriesabovetheconcretestructures(loadfrom3or6storiesandroof)

• spanoffloor:8m

Note:Thiscalculationisjustindicativeanditcannotbeusedasfiresafetydesign.

1. Defineloadinfiredesign(accordingEN1990,EN1991,EN1995).

4 stories 7 stories

Wall number 1 2 3 4

Totaldesignload(kN/m) 117 217 194 357

2. Definethefireresistanceofprotectivelayers.

3. Definecharringdepth:requireddurationoffireresistance−tch −tf (protectivelayers).

4. Check load-bearing capacity of the residual cross-section withrespecttoloadsdefinedin (1).

Exampleoffiresafetydetailing

Note national rules

firesealing

alljointsneedtobesealed

eave(incaseofpitchedroof)

concrete

snowload

protectivelayers

charredlayer

60/90min.residual cross-section

liveload

dead load

7 timber stories

4 timber stories

8,000mm 8,000mm

5)1

3

2

4

6)

fireprotectionboard

horizontalfirebarrierinventilatingslot

• firebarrierpreventsfirefromverticalfirespreadinandonfaçades


• firebarrierpreventsfirefromverticalfirespreadinandonfaçades


4.4 PrinciplesofcontrollingdeformationsandcrackingDeformationsderivefromthematerialpropertiesoftimberelementsandpropertiesofthestructuralsys-tem.Principlesfortimberdesignshouldconsiderthesematerialbehaviourstoavoidexcessivedeformationduetocrackingorcreep.

SwellingandshrinkageofwoodDimensionalchangesarecausedbymoisturedeformation,creepingandcompression.

CLT• inthepanellayer:0.02%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent• perpendiculartothepanellayer:0.24%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent

LVLtypeX• width:0.03%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent• thickness:0.24%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent• length:0.01%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent

Plywood• thickness:0.3%changeinlengthforeach1%changeintimbermoisturecontent

Moisture content• manufacturemoistureofCLTis10–14%• manufacturemoistureofLVLis8–10%• airhumiditychangesbetween~RH20–60%• timbermoisturecontentchangesbetween7–13%

ModulusofelasticityCLT

• paralleltothegrain:12,500MPa• perpendiculartothegrain:370MPa

LVL• paralleltothegrain:10,000–13,800MPa• perpendiculartothegrain:130–2,400MPa

CreepCreepbehaviourinheavyloadedtimberstructuresposeslargerdeformations.Timbermoisturecontentaffectscreepbehaviour.Creepislargerwhentimberisinmorehumidconditions.

StructuralsystempropertiesThelargestpartofthedeformationoccurs inCLTwallpanels.AlsoplywoodstripsbetweenwallpanelscausegreaterdeformationthanLVLbeams.

Thisjointhassmalldeformationduetheamountofverticalwood

0.02%

0.24%

0.24%

0.01%

0.03%

Tension parts need to be calculated to resist restraint actions too

Examplesofhowtodealwithdeformations

JointsThisstructuralsystemhassmalldeformationsduetothegreatamountofverticalwoodinthejoints.Deformationssuchasshrinkageandcompressioncauserestraintactionswhichhavetobeconsideredinthejointdesign.

Façadeswithbrittlefinish


Plywoodstrip(21mm,birch):E=500MPaElasticdeformation:0.01–0.056mmDeformationbymoisture:0.32mm(5%change)

Endbeam(75mm,LVLtypeS):E=10,000MPaElasticdeformation:0.01–0.06mmDeformationbymoisture:0.13mm(3%change)

Plywoodstrip(21mm,birch):E=500MPaElasticdeformation:0.01–0.056mmDeformationbymoisture:0.32mm(5%change)

Heightofstorey:~3,400mm

OnlyverticallamellasofCLTisconsideredinalllayers.Deadloadand30%ofliveload.

Exampleofdeformations

1) LVL rib slab and plywood strips located between CLT wall panels

1storey Elasticdeformation Deformationbymoisture

gk=10.5kN/m includingcreep (5%CLT,3%LVL)

qk=7kN/m 0.06–0.43mm 3.5 mm

7stories(gk=73.5kN/m,qk=49kN/m)

Totaldeformation:25.3mm

Deformationisabout3.6mmforeachstorey.

Wall(CLT140C5s,2,950mm):E=12,500MPaElasticdeformation:0.05–0.32mmDeformationbymoisture:3mm(5%change)

Slab(CLT200L5s):E=370MPaElasticdeformation:0.1–0.71mmDeformationbymoisture:2.5mm(5%change)

Heightofstorey:~3,200mm

Cracking

Woodcrackswhen itexceeds the limitof thetensionstressperpendiculartothegrain.Nor-malcracksareincludedindesignprinciples.

Mainreasonsforpropagationofcracks:• exceedingtensionstressesduetouncon-trolleddryingforexampleon-site

• moisturedeformationsofwoodforexam-plefromsummertowinter

toofastdryingmaycausevisualcracksonCLTsurface

Wall(CLT140C5s,2,950mm):E=12,500MPaElasticdeformation:0.05–0.32mmDeformationbymoisture:3mm(5%change)

2) CLT slab and wall

1storey Elasticdeformation Deformationbymoisture

gk=10.5kN/m includingcreep (5%CLT)

qk=7kN/m 0.15–1mm 5.4 mm

7stories(gk=73.5kN/m,qk=49kN/m)

Totaldeformation:41.3mm

Deformationisabout5.9mmforeachstorey.

Exampleofdeformations


4.5 PrinciplesofHVACdesignThe goal of the HVAC design is to provide thermal comfortandoptimal indoorairquality.Thissectiondescribesthemainplumbing routes foracentralizedventilationsystem.Themainroutesofventilationductsgothroughsuspendedceilingsinthehorizontaldirectionand throughplumbingcavities in theverti-caldirection.Thesecavitiesarelocatedinthecorridorsinordertoreduceplumbingnoise.Thegoal is toachievesimple,shortroutes without need for difficult holes through building struc-tures.

Options for pipe locations:

A) Pipesinsuspendedceiling

B) Pipesbetweenribs

A-A A-A

A

A

B B

Note:penetrationthroughribsrequirescarefuldesign

air handler

Watergoestowastewatertreatmentplant

Centralizedventilationfreshairexhaustairsewage


4.6 PrinciplesofseismicdesignConditionsvary,butallbuildings inseismicareamustbedesignedtoresistseismic forces determined by the requirements of their location and localcodes. The example building can be designed according to Eurocode8 toresistseismicforces.

Inearthquakeproneareaswoodhasseveraladvantages:• low-density(reduceddeadloadsforstructures)• highstrengthtoweightratio• dampingisbetterthaninconcretebuildingsduetothematerialpropertiesandjointsusedinwoodconstruction

• moderndesigncodes(suchasEurocode8)offercleardesignprinciples

Whatshouldbeconsideredintimberhouse’sseismicdesign?

Seismic design

• Conceptualdesign• Seismicaction• Details

StoraEnso’smassivewalland ribslabsystemcanbedesigned tobeusedinseismicareas.Thissystemincludessolutionsforallthreestepsinseismicdesign.

SeismicactionanddesignSeismicactionsdependon

• construction site � seismichazardmaps,NationalAnnexEC8• soilquality• importanceofthebuilding(residential,classII)• structuralsystem• theStoraEnsosystemhasalightdeadloadandconnectionsthathaveplasticdeformations

Theductilityclassforamulti-storeytimberbuildingwouldbeDCMandDCH(checkEN1998-1,table8.1).

• Intheseclassesthebehaviourfactorqwouldbeabout2–3.

Notes for detailsa) connectionshavetobedesignedforseismicforcesb) nofractilejoints(connectorsshouldhaveenoughslen-

derness)

shearwall

upliftconnection

sheardiaphragm

shear connection

shear connection tofoundations

upliftconnectiontofoundations

plasticdeformation

plasticdeformation

highstiffness(notfragile)

plasticdeformation

plasticdeformation


4.7 Frameelementproductioninformation

CLTpanelelements

CLTisamassivewoodconstructionproductconsistingofbondedsingle-layerpan-elsarrangedatrightanglestooneanother.Endlesslamellastringsarebeingcre-atedbyfingerjoints.Onrequestthecrosslayercanbeedgeglued.ThesesinglelayerboardsarebeingcomposedtoaCLTpanel,usingfacegluing,betweeneachsinglelayerboard.Usuallythedirectionofthegraininthesinglelayerboardsareperpendiculartotheadjacentlayers.Topandbottomcoverlayersareusuallyori-ented in the same direction.

Use• wall,floorandroofpanels

CLTcharacteristics• strengthgradeoflayers:C24*• numberoflayers:3,5,7,8• weight:5kN/m³

• moisturecontent:7–15%;nomorethan5%deviationwithinonepanel

SurfacequalityThreeoptions:

• visiblequality(VI)• industrialquality(IVI)• non-visiblequality(NVI)

*In accordance with the technical approval 10% to strength class C16allowed;othergradesonrequest.

Approvalsandcertificates:• DIBtZ-9.1.559• ETA-14/0349

glue(+narrowsideband)

glue(+narrowsideband)

max.320mmmin. 60 mm

max.2.95m

max.16.00m

Note:availabletransportationoptions


C panelsThe grain direction of the cover layers is always parallel to the production widths.

Thickness[mm]

Panel type[—]

Layers[—]

Panel design [mm]

C *** L C *** L C *** L C ***

60 C3s 3 20 20 20

80 C3s 3 20 40 20

90 C3s 3 30 30 30

100 C3s 3 30 40 30

120 C3s 3 40 40 40

100 C5s 5 20 20 20 20 20

120 C5s 5 30 20 20 20 30

140 C5s 5 40 20 20 20 40

160 C5s 5 40 20 40 20 40

L panelsThe grain direction of the cover layers is always at right angles to the production widths.

Thickness[mm]

Panel type[—]

Layers[—]

Panel design [mm]

L C L C L C L

60 L3s 3 20 20 20

80 L3s 3 20 40 20

90 L3s 3 30 30 30

100 L3s 3 30 40 30

120 L3s 3 40 40 40

100 L5s 5 20 20 20 20 20

120 L5s 5 30 20 20 20 30

140 L5s 5 40 20 20 20 40

160 L5s 5 40 20 40 20 40

180 L5s 5 40 30 40 30 40

200 L5s 5 40 40 40 40 40

160 L5s-2* 5 60 40 60

180 L7s 7 30 20 30 20 30 20 30

200 L7s 7 20 40 20 40 20 40 20

240 L7s 7 30 40 30 40 30 40 30

220 L7s-2* 7 60 30 40 30 60

240 L7s-2* 7 80 20 40 20 80

260 L7s-2* 7 80 30 40 30 80

280 L7s-2* 7 80 40 40 40 80

300 L8s-2** 8 80 30 80 30 80

320 L8s-2** 8 80 40 80 40 80

C3s C5s

L3s L5s L5s-2*

L7s L7s-2* L8s-2**

CLT standard designs

* coverlayersconsistingoftwolengthwiselayers** coverlayersandinnerlayerconsistingoftwolengthwise

layers*** withCpanels,thesandingdirectionisatrightanglesto

thegrain

Production widths:245cm,275cm,295cmProduction lengths: fromminimumproductionlengthof8.00mperchargedwidthuptomax.16.00m(in10cmincrements)

production length

production length

production width

production width


LVLribslabTheLVLribslabisafactory-madestructuralcom-ponentconstructedfromLaminatedVeneerLum-ber(LVL)panelsandbeams.

Structurallygluedproduct• rigidconnectionsbetweenslab,ribandchord

elements• gluingiscarriedoutaccordingtotestedandapprovedgluingmethods

ETA/CEmarkedproduct• RibslabsaredesignedaccordingtoEC5andproductspecificrulesdefinedintheETA.ThestructurescanbedesignedforR60andR90classes.

Structurallyoptimizedcross-section• Thecombinationofribsandpanelsoptimizes

material use.• ElementsaremorematerialefficientthanasolidCLTslab.

Theproducttakesadvantageofthesuperiormate-rialpropertiesofLVL,usingthetopslabasabrac-ingdiaphragmforthebuilding.Thehighstiffnessandstrengthof theelementsenablesgood load-bearingcapacityand longspans.Theproduct isespeciallygoodwhenECvibrationcriteriaarecon-sidered.

Possibledimensions:Width:2,400–2,500mm(adjustableinprojects)Length:upto10m• accordingtostructuraldesign• height:200–700mm• accordingtostructuraldesign• countofribs:4–5

Endbeam• typeXLVL• verticalloadinwall

pass end beam• minimum

deformation

Optional element typesThreedifferenttypes.

Endoftheslab

bottom chord

width

height

length

structuralgluing

slab

rib

Supportbytopslab• minimizedtotal

structuralheight

Simplesupport• rib slab is supported

byload-bearingwall

Openboxconstruction• optimizedproductformulti-storeyhouses• highstiffness• easyerectionofacousticinsulation• openboxforHVACinstallations

Slab:• LVLtypeX• recommended:26–32mm• range:23–68mm• mainveneerdirectionissame

asbearingdirection

Rib:• LVLtypeS• recommended:45–57mm• range:27–75mm

Bottomchord:• LVLtypeS• recommended:32–56mm• range:26–74mm

Basic• basic solution• easyproductiontechnology• flexible

Closedboxconstruction• higheststiffnessproperties

withlowstructuralheight• bottomslabcanbeusedasvisualstructure

or

jointingtape


4.8 BasicjointsBasicjointscanusuallybeachievedusingscrewsandnails.Thesejointsareapplicableinmanycases,howeverfastenersandhardwaremustbescaledaccordingtothespecificrequirementsforeachconnection.

partiallyorfullythreadedscrews

Walltowallconnectionsusingpartiallythreadedscrews

sealantnailsorscrews(partiallythreaded)

plywoodstrip

fullythreadedscrews

Longitudinalpaneljoints

jointingtapejointingtape

jointingtape

jointingtape

jointingtape

jointingtape

jointingtape

jointingtape

sealant

sealant

sealant

sealant

sealant

sealant

sealant

Longitudinaljoint

gapbetweenelementsusingplywood

Joints (CLT)

Joints (rib slab)

Slabtobeamconnection


5 Structural design


5.1 StructuraltypesOrientationChart

US1

VP31E-VP32

VS1VS2

VP2

VP5

YP1

VP11

VP4

E-VP12

E-VP22VP21

VSK1VSK2

US2


ListofDrawings

Structuraltype

No. Description

US 1 LOAD-BEARINGEXTERNALWALL

A Render,glasswool,visualCLT

B Render,woodfibreinsulation,visualCLT

C Woodcladding,mineralwool,visualCLT

D Woodcladding,lightweightinnerpartition

E Tilecladding,lightweightinnerpartition

US 2 NON-LOAD-BEARINGEXTERNALWALL

A Render,stonewool

B Woodcladding,lightweightinnerpartition

C Woodcladding,woodfibreinsulation,plumbingcavity

VSK 1 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL

A Lightweightinnerpartition,bothsides

B Lightweightinnerpartition,doublegypsumboards

C Lightweightinnerpartition,oneside,doublegypsumboards

D DoubleCLT

E Lightweightinnerpartition,bothsides,serviceshaft

F DoubleCLT,gypsumboards

VSK 2 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,BATHROOM

A Lightweightinnerpartition,waterproofing

B Lightweightinnerpartition,waterproofing,doublegypsumboards

C Lightweightinnerpartition,waterproofing,doubleCLT+boards

VSK 3 LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,ELEVATORSHAFT

A CLT

B CLT,gypsumboards

C Concrete

VP 11 RIBSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,APARTMENT

A Floatingfloorslab,suspendedceiling

B Gypsumboards,timberpanelling

C Gypsumboards,suspendedceiling

VP 21 RIBSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,BATHROOM

A Concreteslab,ribslab,suspendedceilingandpanelling

VP 31 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,CORRIDOR

A Surfacelayer,visualCLT

B Surfacelayer,CLT,suspendedceiling

C Floatingfloor,CLT,suspendedceiling,doublegypsumboards

VP 4 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,BALCONY

A Surfacelayer,visibleCLT

VP 5 STAIRS

A CLTstairs,load-bearingCLThandrails

B CLTstairs,CLTslab

C CLTsteps,gluelambeams,insulation

D Plywoodsteps,nailplateconnectedbeams,insulation

E Concretestairs

YP 1 ROOFSTRUCTURE

A Timbertrussroof

B Timbertrussroof,LVLbottomchord

C Timberbeamroof

D LVLribslab

E LVLribslab

VS 1 NON-LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL

A Timberorsteelframe

B CLT

VS 2 NON-LOAD-BEARINGPARTITIONWALL,BATHROOM

A Timberorsteelframe,bathroom

B CLT,bathroom

E-VP 12 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,APARTMENT

A Floatingfloorslab,suspendedceiling

B Floatingfloorslab,visualCLT

C Floatingfloorslab,concrete-CLTcomposite,visualCLT

D Floatingfloorslab,concrete-CLTcomposite,suspendedceiling

E Floatingfloorslab,chippings(gravel),visualCLT

E-VP 22 CLTSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,BATHROOM

A Concreteslab,CLT,suspendedceilingandpanelling

B Concreteslab,CLT,gypsumboards,suspendedceilingandpanelling

E-VP 32 RIBSLABINTERMEDIATEFLOOR,CORRIDOR

A Floatingfloor,ribslab,suspendedceiling,doublegypsumboards


Casestudy,structuraltypesStructuraltypeswhichmaybeusedincasestudybuildingaremarkedwithbluecolour.

YP1-EYP1-F

VP11-A

VP4-A

VSK2-AVSK2-BVSK2-C

VSK1-AVSK1-BVSK1-E

US2-BUS2-C

US1-DUS1-E VP31-C

VP21-A

VP5-A

VSK2-A

VSK2-B

VSK2-C

VSK3-A

VSK3-B

VSK3-C

VSK1-A

VSK1-B

VSK1-E

US1-DUS1-E

US2-B

US2-C


Load-bearingexternalwall

US 1

surfacelayerrequirements

• acoustics• fire

insulation requirement

• Uvalue

façaderequirements

• visual• weather• fire

Structure• render+renderboard[10–30mm]****• glasswoolinsulation*• CLT[140mm]**

Structure• render+renderboard[10–30mm]****• timberframe+woodfibreinsulation*• CLT[140mm]**

Structure• façadematerial*• ventilation[32mm]• sheathingboard[9mm]• timberframe+insulation*• CLT[140mm]**

Structure• façadematerial*• ventilation[32mm]• sheathingboard[9mm]• timberframe+insulation*• CLT[140mm]**• gypsumboard*(iffireoracousticsrequired)• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• foilaccordingtolocalclimaticconditions• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]

+insulation[50mm]• gypsumboard*

Structure• façadematerial*• ventilation[32mm]• sheathingboard[9mm]• timberframe+insulation*• CLT[140mm]**• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• foilaccordingtolocalclimaticconditions• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]

+insulation[50mm]• gypsumboard*

A. Render, glass wool, visual CLT B. Render, wood fibre insulation, visual CLT

C. Wood cladding, mineral wool, visual CLT D. Wood cladding, lightweight inner partition

E. Tile cladding, lightweight inner partition

Variables

CharringvaluesusedforCLTcross-sectioncalculationarecalculatedaccordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2.

Variablesoftheconstructionmaterials,listedfromtheoutsidetotheinside.Yellowcolourindicateschangedvariable.

Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness

(CLT140)

MinimumCLTcross-section(see4.3) U

[W/m²K]

Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]R60 R90

4 stories 7 stories 4 stories 7 stories Inner Outer

A.0 150 mm visibleCLT 318 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0.217 D-s2,d0 — 42(−2;−6)

A.1 180 mm visibleCLT 348 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0.189 D-s2,d0 — 42(−2;−6)

B.0 150 mm visibleCLT 320 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0.209 D-s2,d0 — 42(−2;−6)

C.0 150 mm visibleCLT 352 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0.203 D-s2,d0 D-s2,d0 40(−2;−7)

D.0 150 mm gypsumboards[15+13mm] 456 mm 100C3s 100C3s 120C5s 120C5s 0.158 A2-s1,d0 D-s2,d0 48(−2;−5)

D.1 120 mm gypsumboard[13mm] 411 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0.179 A2-s1,d0 D-s2,d0 49(−2;−5)

E.0 150 mm gypsumboards[15+13mm] 521 mm 100C3s 100C3s 120C5s 120C5s 0.160 A2-s1,d0 — 56(−1;−3)

E.1 120 mm visibleCLT 402 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 0.235 D-s2,d0 — 56(−1;−3)

Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).

solidwoodrequirements

• load-bearing• fire

* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics****forrenderandincludeddetails,look

atthemanufacturer’sguide

TheseminimumCLTcrosssectionsarecalculatedforwallsincaseswherethreeorsixstoriesareloadingthem.Forexactloadingconsidered,see4.3(walls1and3,exteriorwall).


Non-load-bearingexternalwall

US 2



TheseminimumCLTcrosssectionsarecalculatedforwallsincaseswherethreeorsixstoriesareloadingthem.Forexactloadingconsidered,see4.3(walls1and3,exteriorwall).


(CLT140)

Fire resistance U

[W/m²K]


[dB]Inner Outer

A.0 200 mm OSBboard[18mm] 248 mm — 0.204 D-s2,d0 — 47(−3;−10)

B.0 200 mm gypsumboard[15mm] 343 mm — 0.166 A2-s1,d0 — 46(−2;−5)

B.1 200 mm woodbasedpanel 343 mm — 0.165 D-s2,d0 — 45(−2;−5)

C.0 200 mm gypsumboard[15mm] 343 mm — 0.201 A2-s1,d0 D-s2,d0 45(−2;−5)


façaderequirements

• visual• weather• fire



insulationrequirement

• Uvalue

timberframerequirements

• load-bearing• fireresistance

Structure• render+renderboard[10–30mm]****• timberframe• (softconnectiontotheframerequired)

+stonewool[minimum150mm]• vapourbarrier• OSBboard[18mm]

Structure• cladding[28mm]• ventilation[32mm]• sheathingboard[9mm]• timberframe**+woodfibre

insulation[200mm]• hygroscopicmembrane• OSBboard[18mm]• timber(orsteel)frame[50mm]

(plumbingcavity)• gypsumboard[15mm]

Structure• cladding[28mm]• ventilation[32mm]• sheathingboard[9mm]• timberframe**+insulation[200mm]• vapourbarrier• OSBboard[18mm]• timber(orsteel)frame

+insulation[50mm]• gypsumboard*[15mm]

(orwoodbasedpanel[15mm])

A. Render, stone wool

C. Wood cladding, wood fibre insulation, plumbing cavity

B. Wood cladding, lightweight inner partition

Variables



Load-bearingpartitionwall

VSK 1

Type Insulation Materials Thickness

(CLT140)

MinimumCLTcross-section(see4.3) Surfacereaction

tofire

Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]R60 R90

4 stories 7 stories 4 stories 7 stories

A.0 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[13mm] 318 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 160C5s A2-s1,d0 57(−3,−9)

A.1 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[13mm]

(punctualfasteningonlyatfloorandceilinglevel)

318 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 160C5s A2-s1,d0 59(−3;−6)

B.0 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[15+13mm] 348 mm 100C3s 120C3s 120C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 55(−3;−5)

B.1 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[15+13mm]


348 mm 100C3s 120C3s 120C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 61(−2;−5)

C.0 50 mm timberframe,gypsumboard[13mm]/CLT 229 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0/D-s2,d0 43(−2;−7)

C.1 50 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[13mm]

(gypsumboardweight>920kg/m³)/CLT

229 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0/D-s2,d0 52(−2;−6)

D.0 50 mm visibleCLT 300 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s D-s2,d0 53(−2;−7)

E.0 100 mm timberframe,gypsumboards

[13+15mm]/2×15+18mm

511 mm 100C3s 120C3s 120C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 56(−3;−4)

E.1 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[13+15mm]/2×15

+18mm(gypsumboardweight>920kg/m³)

511 mm 100C3s 120C3s 120C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 59(−3,−4)

F.0 20 mm gypsumboards[15mm] 330 mm 120C3s 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0 56(−2,−7)




TheseminimumCLTcrosssectionsarecalculatedforwallsincaseswherethreeorsixstoriesareloadingthem.Forexactloadingconsidered,see4.3(walls2and4,interiorwall).

Structure• gypsumboard[12kg/m²;13mm;2×18mm]• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]

+insulation[50mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• CLT**[140mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]

+insulation[50mm]• gypsumboard[12kg/m²;13mm;2×18mm]





Structure• CLT**[140mm]• (softconnectiontotheframerequired)• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]



+insulation[50mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• gypsumboard[15mm]• CLT**[140mm]• gypsumboard[18mm]• plumbingcavity• steelframe+insulation[50mm]• 2gypsumboards[15mm]

Structure• CLT**[140mm]• mineralwool[20–50mm]• CLT**[140mm]

Structure• gypsumboard[15mm;min.12kg/m²]• CLT**[140mm]• mineralwool[40–70mm]• CLT**[140mm]• gypsumboard[15mm;min.12kg/m²]


+insulation[50mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• gypsumboard[15mm]• CLT**[140mm]• gypsumboard[15mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]


Variables

C. Lightweight inner partition, one side, double gypsum boards

E. Lightweight inner partition, both sides, service shaft

D. Double CLT

F. Double CLT, gypsum boards

B. Lightweight inner partition, double gypsum boardsA. Lightweight inner partition, both sides




Load-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom

VSK 2


(CLT140/2×CLT120)

MinimumCLTcrosssection(see4.3) Surface

reactiontofire

Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]R60 R90

4 stories 7 stories 4 stories 7 stories

A.0 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[13mm]/tiles


330 mm 140C5s 140C5s 140C5s 160C5s A2-s1,d0/— 59(−3,−9)

B.0 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[15+13mm]/tiles


360 mm 100C3s 120C3s 120C5s 140C5s A2-s1,d0/— 61(−2,−7)

C.0 100 mm steelstuds,gypsumboards[13mm]/tiles


430 mm 140C5s 140C5s 160C5s 160C5s A2-s1,d0/— 58(−2,−6)




TheseminimumCLTcrosssectionsarecalculatedforwallsincaseswherethreeorsixstoriesareloadingthem.Forexactloadingconsidered,see4.3(walls2and4,interiorwall).




• fire

Structure• gypsumboard[12kg/m²;12mm;2×18mm]• steelframewall [66mm]+insulation[50mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• CLT**[140mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• steelframewall [66mm]+insulation[50mm]• moistureresistantboard[13mm]• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• tileadhesive• tiles

Structure• gypsumboard[12kg/m²;12mm;2×18mm]• steelframewall [66mm]+insulation[50mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• CLT**[120mm]• insulation[40mm]• CLT**[120mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• steelframewall [66mm]+insulation[50mm]• moistureresistantboard[13mm]• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• tileadhesive• tiles


+insulation[50mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• gypsumboard[15mm]• CLT**[140mm]• gypsumboard[15mm]• airgap***[10mm]+punctualfastening• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]

+insulation[50mm]• moistureresistantboard[13mm]• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• tileadhesive• tiles

VariablesB. Lightweight inner partition, waterproofing,

double gypsum boardsA. Lightweight inner partition, waterproofing

A. Lightweight inner partition, waterproofing, double CLT + boards




Load-bearingpartitionwall,elevatorshaft

VSK 3


(CLT140/120)

Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Charring Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]R60 R90

A.0 — visibleCLT 140 mm — D-s2,d0 46 mm 65 mm 36(−1;−3)

B.0 — gypsumboards[15mm] 150 mm — A2-s1,d0 — — 38(−1;−3)

C.0 — concrete 200 mm — A1 — — 56(−2;−6)


* variable** accordingtostructuralcalculations*** airgapduetoacoustics




• fire

Structure• CLT**[140mm]

Structure• reinforcedconcrete**[200mm]

Structure• gypsumboard[15mm]• CLT**[120mm]• gypsumboard[15mm]

VariablesB. CLT, gypsum boardsA. CLT

C. Concrete




Ribslabintermediatefloor,apartment

VP 11

Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]

Ln,w(Ci)

[dB]Floor Ceiling

A.0 130 mm floorslab[40mm;withoutcarpet]/2gypsumboards[15mm] 561 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 63(−1;−5) 50(0)

A.1 130 mm floorslab[80mm;withoutcarpet]/gypsum board[15mm]

+3-layerboard[21mm]

607 mm — — A2-s1,d0 60(−1;−6) 52(0)

A.2 130 mm floorslab[40mm;withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB]/2gypsumboards[15mm] 561 mm — — A2-s1,d0 63(−1;−5) 42(0)

A.3 130 mm floorslab[80mm;withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB]/

gypsum board[15mm]+3-layerboard[21mm]

607 mm — — A2-s1,d0 60(−1;−6) 45(0)

B.0 100 mm gypsumboard[3×15mm;withoutcarpet]/3-layerboard[18mm] 531 mm REI60 A2-s1,d0 A2-s1,d0 46(−8;−16) 65(−6)

B.1 100 mm gypsumboard[3×15mm;withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB]/3-layerboard[18mm] 531 mm — — A2-s1,d0 46(−8;−16) 56(0)

C.0 100 mm gypsumboard[3×15mm;withoutcarpet]/gypsumboard[2×15mm] 536 mm — A2-s1,d0 A2-s1,d0 58(−2;−4) 55(−5)

C.1 100 mm gypsumboard[3×15mm;withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB]/gypsumboard[2×15mm] 536 mm — — A2-s1,d0 58(−2;−4) 50(0)


LVLribslabrequirements



• acoustics




• acoustics


• acoustics• fire• visual



Alternativeribslabshape

A

B

Structure• floatingscreedslab*[40mm]• filtercloth• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• LVLribslab**[435mm]+insulation[100mm]• resilientchannel[25mm]• gypsumboard*[2×15mm]

Structure• floorgypsumboard[3×15mm]• LVLribslab**[435mm]+insulation[100mm]• resilientchannel[25mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]

Structure• floorgypsumboard[3×15mm]• LVLribslab**[435mm]

+insulation[100mm] (softconnectiontotheframerequired)

• battening[32mm]• 3-layerboard[18mm,visualquality]

A. Floating floor slab, suspended ceiling

C. Gypsum boards, suspended ceiling

B. Gypsum boards, timber panelling

Variables



Soundisolationcanbeimprovedwithdifferentkindsofresilientchannels.

Manufacturer’sinstallationinstructionsforresilientchannelsmustbenoted.


Ribslabintermediatefloor,bathroom

VP 21


[dB]

Ln,w(Ci)

[dB]Floor Ceiling

A.0 100 mm tiles(withoutimpactnoisereductionmatt)/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 726 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 52(0;−2) 65(−4)

A.1 100 mm tiles(withimpactnoisereductionmattunder,

ΔLw>17dB)/gypsumboards[2×15mm]

726 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 52(0;−2) 56–58(0)






• acoustics



suspendedceilingrequirements

• visual

Variables

Structure• tiles• tileadhesive• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• concreteslab[70mm]• PE-foil• LVLribslab**[435mm]+insulation[100mm]• battening[32mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]

(moistureprotectioninexposedsurface)• suspendedceilingandpanelling(plumbingcavity)

A. Concrete slab, rib slab, suspended ceiling and panelling



CLTslabintermediatefloor,corridor

VP 31

Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Charring

Floor Ceiling R60 R90

A.0 — CLT[withoutcarpet] 160 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm

A.1 — CLT[withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB] 160 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm

B.0 — CLT[withoutcarpet]/gypsumboard[18mm] 428 mm — — A2-s1,d0 — —

B.1 — CLT[withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB]/gypsumboard[18mm] 428 mm — — A2-s1,d0 — —

C.0 30 mm floorslab[40mm;withoutcarpet]/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 510 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 — —

C.1 30 mm floorslab[40mm;withcarpet;ΔLw>25dB]/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 510 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 — —




Note!InparticularA.0andB.0haveveryhighimpactlevelsatlowfrequencies.

CharringcalculatedaccordingtozerostrengthlayertheorypresentedinEN1995-1-2.CharringisusedforcalculationofrequiredCLTcross-section.





• visual


• acoustics


• fire

Variables

Structure• surfacelayer• CLT**[160mm]

(softconnectiontotheframerequired)

Structure• floatingscreedslab[40mm]• filtercloth• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• CLT**[160mm]• gypsumboard[15mm]• suspendedceiling• resilientchannel[25mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]

Structure• surfacelayer• CLT**[160mm]

(softconnectiontotheframerequired)• gypsumboard[15mm]• suspendedceilingandgypsumboard[18mm]

A. Surface layer, visual CLT

C. Floating floor, CLT, suspended ceiling, double gypsum boards

B. Surface layer, CLT, suspended ceiling


CLTslabintermediatefloor,balcony

VP 4

Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Charring Rw(C;Ctr)

[dB]Floor Ceiling R60 R90

A.0 — Boarding/fire-retardanttreatment 170 mm REI30 — B-s2.d0 55 mm 94 mm —







• visual


• fire• visual

Variables

Structure• openboarding[28mm]• doublingsleeper• waterproofing• CLT**[100mm]• fire-retardanttreatment(optional)

A. Surface layer, visual CLT



Stairs

VP 5

Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire

Floor Ceiling

A.0 0 mm CLT — — — D-s2,d0

B.0 0 mm CLT 160 mm — — D-s2,d0

C.0 100 mm CLT/gypsumboard[2×13mm] 226 mm REI30 DFL-s1 A2-s1,d0

D.0 100 mm plywood/gypsumboard[2×13mm] 198 mm REI30 DFL-s1 A2-s1,d0

E.0 0 mm concrete 110 mm — — —



beams requirements

• load-bearing


• visual• fire


• visual

B. NAILPLATESTRUCTUREDSTAIRS

• CLT(handrail)

A. CLTSTAIRS

Structure• CLTsteps• load-bearingCLThandrails

Structure• CLTsteps• CLTslab**

Structure• concrete steps• concretebeams**

Structure• CLTsteps• supportingbeamsforCLTsteps

andload-bearingCLThandrails**• insulation[100mm]• gypsumboard[2×13mm]

Structure• plywood[21mm]• nailplateconnectedbeams**• insulation[100mm]• gypsumboard[2×13mm]

VariablesA. CLT stairs, load-bearing CLT handrails B. CLT stairs, CLT slab

E. Concrete stairs

C. CLT steps, gluelam beams, insulation D. Plywood steps, nail plate connected beams, insulation



Roofstructure

YP 1


Permeabilityandpropertiesofthemoisturebarriersshallbeaccordingtolocalclimaticconditions.


A. TIMBERTRUSSROOF

E. FLATROOFC. TIMBERBEAMROOF

rooftrussrequirements

• load-bearing• fireresistance


• fire• visual• acoustics

insulation requirements

• Uvalue

Structure• roofmaterial• roofbatten+ventilationbatten• roofunderlayment• rooftrusswithLVL-lower

flange**+ventilation• insulation[450mm;rockwool]• vapourbarrier• battening[32mm]• 2gypsumboards[15mm]

Structure• roofmaterial• roofbatten• roof-coveringsheeting• LVLbeam**[450mm]• insulation[450mm;rockwool]• hygroscopicmembrane• battening[32mm]• 2gypsumboards[15mm]

Structure• roofmaterial• rigidinsulation[300mm]• vapourbarrier• LVLribslab+insulation[rockwool]

(thermalresistanceoftheaircavityandinsulationshallbemax.onethirdoftotalinsulationofthestructure)

• battening[32mm]• gypsumboard[15mm]

Structure• roofingtiles(sufficientpitch)• roofbatten+ventilationbatten

(ventilationcavityaccordingtolocalclimaticconditions)

• vapourbarrier• LVLribslab+insulation[450mm;

rockwool]• vapourbarrier• battening[32mm]• gypsumboard[15mm]

Structure• roofmaterial• roofbatten+ventilationbatten• roofunderlayment• rooftruss**+ventilation[~100mm]• sheathingboard[9mm]• insulation[450mm;rockwool]• vapourbarrier• battening[32mm]• 2gypsumboards[15mm]

Variables

A. Timber truss roof

C. Timber beam roof

E. LVL rib slab

D. LVL rib slab

B. Timber truss roof, LVL bottom chord

Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance U

[W/m²K]


[dB]Roof Ceiling

A.0 450 mm gypsumboards[2×15mm] — REI60 0.087 — A2-s1,d0 57(−1;−4)

B.0 450 mm gypsumboards[2×15mm] — REI60 0.076 — A2-s1,d0 58(−1;−5)

C.0 450 mm gypsumboards[2×15mm] — REI60 0.077 — A2-s1,d0 58(−1;−5)

D.0 450 mm gypsumboards[15mm] — REI60 0.076 — A2-s1,d0 54(−2;−3)

E.0 450 mm gypsumboards[15mm] — REI60 — — A2-s1,d0 56(−1;−3)



Non-load-bearingpartitionwall

VS 1


• fire


Structure• gypsumboard*[13mm]• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]

+insulation[50mm]• gypsumboard*[13mm]

Structure• CLT[80mm]

VariablesB. CLTA. Timber or steel frame


Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)[dB]

A.0 50 mm gypsumboards[13mm] 92 mm EI30 A2-s1,d0 40(−2;−8)

A.1 50 mm woodenpanel 96 mm — D-s2,d0 40(−2;−8)

B.0 — visibleCLT 80 mm EI60 D-s2,d0 32(−1;−3)



Non-load-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom

VS 2


Structure• gypsumboard*[13mm]• timber(orsteel)framewall [66mm]

+insulation[50mm]• moistureresistantboard[13mm]• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• tileadhesive• tiles

Structure• CLT[80mm]• moistureresistantboard[13mm]• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• tileadhesive• tiles

VariablesB. CLT, bathroomA. Timber or steel frame, bathroom


• fire


Type Insulation Surfacematerial Thickness Fire resistance Surfacereactiontofire Rw(C;Ctr)[dB]

A.0 50 mm gypsumboards[13mm]/tiles 104 mm EI30 A2-s1,d0/— 46(−1;−5)

A.1 50 mm woodbasedpanel/tiles 106 mm — D-s2,d2/— 46(−1;−5)

B.0 — visibleCLT/tiles 105 mm EI60 D-s2,d0/— 37(−1;−3)



CLTslabintermediatefloor,apartment

E-VP 12



Structure• floatingfloorslab[40mm]• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• CLT**[160mm]• resilientchannel[25mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]

Structure• floatingfloorslab[40mm]• filtercloth• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• concreteslab[60mm]• PE-foil• CLT**[160mm]

(softconnectiontotheframerequired)• visibleCLTsurface

Structure• floatingfloorslab[40*mm]• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• CLT**[160mm]


Structure• floatingfloorslab[40mm]• filtercloth• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• concreteslab[60mm]• PE-foil• CLT**[160mm]• resilientchannel[25mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]

Structure• floatingfloorslab[50mm]• filtercloth• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• chippings[100mm];ρ>1,400kg/m³• PE-foil• CLT**[140mm]


VariablesB. Floating floor slab, visual CLT

D. Floating floor slab, concrete-CLT composite, suspended ceiling

E. Floating floor slab, chippings (gravel), visual CLT

A. Floating floor slab, suspended ceiling

C. Floating floor slab, concrete-CLT composite, visual CLT


• acoustics






Manufacturer’sinstallationinstructionsforresilientchannelsmustbenoted


[dB]

Ln,w(Ci)


A.0 30 mm floorslab[40mm]/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 285 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 — — 55(−3;−6) 50(9)

B.0 30 mm floorslab[40mm]/CLT 230 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm 43(0;−4) 72(−10)

B.1 30 mm floorslab[80mm]/CLT 270 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm 48(0;−2) 70(−10)

C.0 30 mm floorslab[40mm]/CLT 290 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm 52(−1;−4) 58(0)

D.0 30 mm floorslab[40mm]/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 345 mm — — A2-s1,d0 — — 58(−1;−6) 48(−7)

E.0 30 mm floorslab[50mm]/CLT 340 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm 65(−2;−5) 53(−1)



CLTslabintermediatefloor,bathroom

E-VP 22


• acoustics


• visual


• acoustic• fire• visual




[dB]

Ln,w(Ci)


A.0 30 mm tiles/CLT 388 mm — — D-s2,d0 46 mm 84 mm 50(−4;−11) 70(−6)

B.0 30 mm tiles/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 450 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 — — 52(0;−2) 65(−4)




Structure• tiles• tileadhesive• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• concreteslab[70mm]• PE-foil• CLT**[160mm]• suspendedceilingandpanelling

(plumbingcavity)

Structure• tiles• tileadhesive• certifiedwaterproofingsystem• concreteslab[70mm]• PE-foil• CLT**[160mm]• battening[32mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]

(moistureprotectioninexposedsurface)• suspendedceilingandpanelling

(plumbingcavity)

VariablesA. Concrete slab, CLT, suspended ceiling and panelling

B. Concrete slab, CLT, gypsum boards, suspended ceiling and panelling



Ribslabintermediatefloor,corridor

E-VP 32






• acoustics


• visual



Structure• floatingscreedslab[40mm]• filtercloth• impactsoundisolation[30mm]• LVLribslab**[300mm]+insulation[100mm]• resilientchannel[25mm]• gypsumboard[2×15mm]

VariablesA. Floating floor, rib slab, suspended ceiling, double gypsum boards



[dB]

Ln,w(Ci)

[dB]Floor Ceiling

A.0 130 mm floorslab[40mm]/gypsumboards[2×15mm] 426 mm REI60 — A2-s1,d0 58(−1;−6) 51(0)



OrientationChart

5.2 Structuraldetails

VD01

BD02

VD03AVD03BVD03CVD03D

FD01AFD01B

FD02AFD02E

VD10

BD01

VD02 VD05

VD07

VD06

HD02

HD01

HD03HD04

VD04

VD08VD11

VD09


ListofDrawings

Detail name No. Description Note

VD 1 Intermediatefloortoload-bearingexternalwall,apartment

VD 2 Intermediatefloortoexternalwall,apartment

Installationofnon-load-bearingexternalwall

VD 3 A Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment

B Uplifttie,sheartransfer

C Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom

D Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment Extension

VD 4 Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,corridor

VD 5 Intermediatefloortonon-load-bearingpartitionwall,corridor,ducts

VD 6 Stairstointermediatefloor,corridor

VD 7 Intermediatefloortonon-load-bearingpartitionwall,apartment

VD 8 Rooftoload-bearingexternalwall

VD 9 Rooftonon-load-bearingpartitionwall

VD 10 Rooftonon-load-bearingexternalwall

VD 11 Rooftoload-bearingexternalwall Extension

VD 12 Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment(lowrisebuilding) Extension

VD 13 Intermediatewalltoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment(12floors) Extension

VD 14 Intermediatefloortoconcretewall,apartment

FD 1 A Externalwallbasedetail,fastening

B Externalwallbasedetail,sheartransfer

FD 2 A Load-bearingpartitionwall,basedetail,uplifttie

B Load-bearingpartitionwall,basedetail,sheartransferanduplifttie

HD 1 T-connectionatexternalwall,non-load-bearingandload-bearingwalls

HD 2 T-connectionatexternalwall,load-bearingwalls

HD 3 Outercorner,load-bearingandnonload-bearingwalls

HD 4 Outercorner,load-bearingwalls

HD 5 Re-enteringcorner

BD 1 Balconydetail,non-load-bearingwall

BD 2 Balconydetail,load-bearingwall


Intermediatefloortoload-bearingexternalwall,apartment

VD 1


plywoodgluedtoCLT(recommended);bothsides

foamedplastic

insulation

jointingtape

mineralwool

airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall+punctualfasteningtotheframe

mineralwool

elastic sealant

2rubbersealants(tightening),bothsides

secondblockingbeamcanbechangedtoendbeamdependingonverticalloads

nails(bothsides)

end beam

subframeforinsulation

mineralwoolbetweenrib’sbottomchord

min.2–3mmgapbetweenplywoodboardandgypsumboard

screws(∅8–10,bothsides)

Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).

screws

5)3)

7)

1)

2)6)

4)

jointingtape

mineralwool

foamedplastic

elastic sealant


Intermediatefloortoexternalwall,apartment

VD 2



gapbetweenwoodpanels

nailplate+anchornails

insulation


Equipmentphase Equipmentphase CompletedFramebuilding

2/3 1/3

1

2

3

3/3


Installationofnon-load-bearingexternalwall

VD 2

façadeelements

woodpanelwithhydrophobictreatment

plasticorrubbercovertoprotectjoint

mineralwool+vapourbarrier+gypsumboard

surfacematerials

surfacematerials

mineralwool+vapourbarrier+gypsumboard



Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment


insulation(bothsides)

nails(bothsides)

elastic sealant



5) 5)

2) 2)

1)4) 4)



plywood

foamedplastic

2rubbersealants(bothsides)

VD 3 A



Uplifttie,sheartransfer

VD 3 B

steelplateandself-tappingscrews

intermediatefloorandplywoodhasopeningsforsteelplates

theendbeamorblockingshallbegrooved

screws

LVLribslab

CLTwall

uplifttieplywoodfor

sheartransfer

steel plate



Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,bathroom

VD 3 C




ifrequirementsforimpactnoisebetweenbathrooms,impactnoiseisolationlayerunderthetilescanbeused

foamedplastic

2 rubber sealants

nails(bothsides)

5) 5)

2) 2)

1)

3)

4) 4)




Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment

VD 3 D


foamedplastic


self-tappingscrews

self-tappingscrews

elastic sealant

settlementofstructuremustbeconsideredinfastening

ofgypsumboards

elastic sealant


2 rubber sealants

nails(bothsides)


6) 6)

3)

1)

5)

4) 4)




Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,corridor

VD 4

6) 6)

3)

1)

5)

4) 4)

2)


apartment


self-tappingscrews

self-tappingscrews

corridor

foamedplastic

elastic sealant

elastic sealant


2 rubber sealants

nails(bothsides)





Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,corridor,ducts

VD 5

3)

1)

5)

4)

4)

2)

insulation


plumbingcavity

ifrequirementsforimpactnoisebetweenbathrooms,impactnoiseisolationlayerunderthetilescanbeused

foamedplastic

2 rubber sealants

nails(bothsides)




Stairstointermediatefloor,corridor

VD 6

A-A

A A

fullthreadscrews45°

fullthreadscrew,crossscrews

load-bearingCLThandrail,coveredwithgypsumboards

installationfit

elastic sealant

partialthreadscrews



Intermediatefloortonon-load-bearingpartitionwall,apartment

VD 7

3)3)

1)

2)

2)

mineralwool

screws

mineralwool10mmgapwhichallowsbending



Roofdetails

VD 08-11

VD08 Rooftoload-bearingexternalwall VD09 Rooftoload-bearingpartitionwall

VD11 Rooftoload-bearingexternalwallVD10 Rooftonon-load-bearingexternalwall

jointingtape

jointingtape

jointingtape

firebarrier

firebarrier

2rubbersealants(tightening)

firebarrier

mineralwool

mineralwool

metalbracket+anchornails



screws

screws

screws

screws(bothsides)

timber board

2 timber boards

elastic sealant

elastic sealant


elastic sealant

elastic sealant

vapourbarrier

vapourbarrier

vapourbarrier

airgapbetweeninnerwallandload-bearingwall



Toensuresufficientsoundisolation,resilientchannelcanbeused.Exactamount,sizeandspacingoffasteneraccordingtostructuralengineer.Notethatallfinalsolutionsneedtobereviewedandapprovedbyresponsibledesigner.See1.3(Disclaimer,page5).


Intermediatefloortoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment(lowrisebuilding)

VD 12

nails

elastic sealant

vibrationisolationpad(12mm)

min.2–3mmgapbetweenplywoodboard

andgypsumboard

foamedplastic

2 rubber sealants

vibrationisolationpad(12mm)

screws(∅ 8–10,bothsides)screwheadsaresinked



Intermediatewalltoload-bearingpartitionwall,apartment(12floors)

VD 13

5)5)

5)5)

3)3)

1)

4)4)

2)

foamedplastic

nailsorscrews

screws(bothsides)

screws(bothsides)

fullthreadscrews

elastic sealant


settlementofstructuremustbeconsideredinfastening

ofgypsumboards



Intermediatefloortoconcretewall,apartment

VD 14


5)7)

3)1)

1 1

4)

6)

2)

foamedplastic

screws

onlyhorizontalloadstransfertoconcreteallowstimberdeflection

steelplateandself-tappingscrews

gluelamcolumnsupportsgluelambeam

elastic sealant



Externalwallbasedetail,fastening

FD 1 A

insulationfoam

bituminouslining

grout

metalbracket

anchor nails

epoxycoveringrecommended

anchorbolts/bar



Externalwallbasedetail,sheartransfer

FD 1 B

insulationfoam

CLTwall

sheartransfer

bituminouslining

fasteningplate

steel plate

siteweldbothsides

grout

screws




FD 2 ALoad-bearingpartitionwall,basedetail,uplifttie

bituminouslining

anglebracket(bothsides)

nails(bothsides)


injectableadhesiveanchor

CLTwall

uplifttie

sitetolerancesthroughgroutandsitewelds



Load-bearingpartitionwall,basedetail,sheartransferanduplifttie

FD 2 B

sitetolerancesthroughgroutandsitewelds

bituminouslining

grout

sitewelds(bothsides)

steelplate(bothsides)

fasteningplate

screws(∅ 8–12,bothsides)

LVLribslab

CLTwall

uplifttie

sheartransfer




Horizontaldetails

HD 1-5

HD01 T-connectionatexternalwall,non-load-bearingandload-bearingwalls

HD02 T-connectionatexternalwall,load-bearingwalls

HD04 Outercorner,load-bearingwallsHD03 Outercorner,load-bearingandnonload-bearingwalls

HD05 Re-enteringcornerNote!Notpresentedinshowcase.

jointingtapefortemporaryweather

covering

jointingtape



HD03HD04

HD01

HD02

CLTload-bearingpartitionwall

CLTload-bearingexternalwall

CLTload-bearingexternalwall

CLTload-bearingpartitionwall






screws(∅ 8–10,onsite)








Balconydetail,non-load-bearingwall

BD 1

SeedetailVD02forribslabtowallfastening

metalbracket

vibrationisolationpad

waterproofing

waterproofing

screws(∅ 8)

balconyrailandglass



Balconydetail,load-bearingwall

BD 2

metalbracket

waterproofing

waterproofing

screws(∅ 8)

balconyrailandglass

SeedetailVD02forribslabtowallfastening



6 On-site assembly


6.1 Principlesoferection6.1.1 General

• Anerectionschememustbemadeandapprovedbeforeworkbeginsonsite.• Beforebeginning,insurethatliftingequipment,spaceandweatherconditionsonsitearesuf-ficientfortheerectionperiod.

• Theerectionschemeshouldspecifywhichliftingequipmentisneededonsite.Dependingontheprojectthiswillincludeforinstanceamobilecraneortowercrane,liftingslingsorchains,eyebolts,etc.

• Panelsmaybeliftedfrom2or4liftingpointsdependingonthepanel.• Liftingboltsmustbeplannedsothattheycancarrytheweightofthepanels.• Liftingpointsmustbeplannedtokeepthepanelbalancedwhileitislifted.• Panelswithlargeopeningsmustbereinforcedbeforeliftingtopreventdeformation.• Safetyprecautionsmustbeconsideredforliftingandworkingatheight.• Duringconstructiontheplatformmustnotbeoverloadedwithconstructionmaterialsbeyonditsliveloadcapacity.

6.1.2 Erectionofverticalwalls

• Beforeinstallationvisualchecksshouldbeperformedtoverifyqualityofthepanels.• Theerectionsurfacemustbecheckedbeforestartingerection.• Load-bearingCLTpanelsandnon-load-bearingwallpanelsshouldbeunloadedinorderofassemblyorinstalleddirectlyfromthetruck.

• Aspanelsarepreparedforliftingadd-onssuchasrubbersealantsandplywoodboardsmaybe installed to panels.

• Panelsareliftedintopositionandthenfastenedwithatleasttwoinstallationsupports.Onlyafterthepanelisstabilizedcanitbedetachedfromthecrane.

• Beforeoraftertheinstallationofadjacentwallpanels,sealantsmustbeinstalled(dependingonthetypeofthesealant).

• Oncethewallpanelsareplacedinposition,theymustbecheckedfortolerancebeforebeingpermanentlyfastened.

• Oncetheentireflooriserected,additionalstructuralelementssuchasbeamsandpostscanbe installed.

• Avisualcheckofthewholefloorshouldbecarriedoutbeforemovingonwiththeinstallation.• Thestructuremustbestabilizedbeforeinstallation.


6.1.3 ErectionofhorizontalCLT /ribslab

• Beforeinstallationvisualchecksshouldbeperformedtoverifyqualityofthe panels.

• Theerectionsurfacemustbecheckedbeforestartingerection.• Panelsshouldbeunloadedinorderofassemblyorinstalleddirectlyfromthetruck.

• Onceapanelisliftedontotheload-bearingwalls,itmustbetemporarilyfastenedtoverticalwallsbeforeitcanbedetachedfromthecrane.

• Ribslabsaretemporarilyfastenedtootherhorizontalpanelsthatarealreadyinplace.

• Onceallslabsareinposition,theyshouldbecheckedfortoleranceandpermanentlyfastened.

6.2 Transportation

6.2.1 TransportationofCLTpanels

• Standardsizedtrailerscancarrymaximumof25tonsofCLTpanelsinthehorizontalposition.Themaximumdimensionsforcargoare13,60minlengthand2,95minwidth.IftheCLTpanelisthickenough,even16mpanelscanbetransportedinthehorizontalpositionwithstandardtrailer.

• CLTpanels,canalsobetransportedintheverticalpositionusingA-racks.• Elementsshouldbeloadedonthetruckinorderoftheirliftingonsite.• CLTpanelsmustbefastenedtothetrailertopreventmovementduringtransportationandedgesofthepanelsshouldbeprotectedwithcard-boardorotherlayerstopreventdamagefromfasteningstraps.

• Allcargoshouldbeprotectedfromweatherwithtarpaulinsoralternativecoveringmaterialsduringtransport.

• WhentransportingCLTwithvisiblesurfaces,bubblewrapcanbeusedbetweenthepanelsifrequested.Inaddition,CLTpanelscanbepackedinUV-resistantcoatingtoensurethatthequalityofthepanelsispreserved.


6.3 Protection on-site6.3.1 Moisture control

• Moisturecontroltakespartineveryphaseoftheprojectfrombeginningtoendinordertoproduceahealthyandsafebuilding.

6.3.2 Personsinchargeofthemoisturecontrol

• Anexpertandotherpersonsinchargeofthemoisturecontrolwillbeassignedtotheproject.Theirtaskistomonitorandcontrolmoisturethrougheveryphaseoftheproject.

6.3.3 Moisturecontrolplanandemployeeengagement

• Amoisturecontrolplanshouldincludeanestimationofpossibleriskscausedbymoisture,plansformeasuringandmonitoringmoisturelevelsandaschemeforcontrollingmoistureon-siteasneeded.

• Thewholestaffon-siteshouldbetrainedtotakeintoaccountthebasicdemandsofthemoisturecon-trolintheirworkandcommittofollowingtherequirementsformoisturecontrolfrombeginningtoendoftheproject.

• Thedemandsofthemoisturecontrolplanwillbetakenintoaccountinrequestsforestimates,quotes,contractsandsitemeetingsifrequired.

6.3.4 Assuranceoftechnicalqualityincaseofmoisturedamage

• Allmoisturedamagewillbedocumentedandthenecessaryactionsrequiredtodryoutanymoistenedstructureswillbedefined.

• Dryingoutanymoistenedstructuresmustbemonitoredwithmoisturemeasurementsandresultsdocumented.

6.4 Protectionofstructuresandmaterialson-site• Allelementsshouldbeentirelyprotectedduringthetransportationandstoredwithoutdirectcontacttoground(Figure1).

• Allelementsshouldbeprotectedagainstthesunduringstorageinordertolimitdeformationorcolourdamagetosurfaces.

• Allelementswillbeinspectedbeforeerection.Anydamageoccurringfromtransportationorstoragewillbedocumentedandrepairedwithoutdelay.

Figure1:Protectionofwoodelementson-site

woodbattensnotreleasingcolour or plastic pieces under theprefabricatedmembers

smoothbasetopreventdamagetotheedgesoftheprefabricatedmembers(bedtimberorplywood)

< 2

m


Figure2:Protectionofintermediatefloorunits

timberplanksasaframeforthethrough

hydrophobiccoatingonhorizontalsurface Detail 1

Detail 2

Lightcoverforastairwellandaliftalsoforrecessesofprecastedbathrooms

temporarydrainingsystem

EPDMrubberstrip

EPDMrubberstrip

6.4.1 Protectionofload-bearingwoodenwallpanels

• Atentisnotneededduringtheerectionofthebuildingstructure,buttheassemblyoftheframestructuresshouldbeplannedsothatstructureswillbeopentotheelementsforasshortatimeaspossible.

• Inthefactory,load-bearingwoodelementswillbetreatedwithahydro-phobiccoatinginordertoinhibitwaterinfiltration.

• Connectionsbetweenelementsshouldbeprotectedbyexteriorcovers.• Thewindowanddooropeningsshouldbecoveredwithdoublelayerplas-ticcoversinordertobeginthemanagementoftheindoorclimate.

• Materialssensitivetomoisturewillnotbeinstalleduntiltheexternalenve-lope has been closed.

6.4.2 Protectionofintermediatefloorslabs

• Topsurfaces,edgesofhorizontalstructuresandexteriorsidesofedgebeamswillbetreatedwithahydrophobiccoatingbymanufacturer.

• Recessesforprefabricatedbathrooms,stairwellsandliftwellswillbeprotectedwithlightweightcoverson-site.

• Lightweightcoverswillbetransferredtothenextfloorwhentheerectionofframestructureshasprogressed.

• Timberplanksareinstalledtocreatedrainagetroughsfollowingtheplanoftheunitwalls.Thesetroughsaresealedtopreventwaterfromenteringtheconnectionsbetweenstructuressothatalljointsoftheintermediatefloorunits are sealed.

• Eachtroughisconnectedtoadrainpipewhichusesgravitytoremovewaterfromhorizontalsurfacestothemunicipaldrainingsystem.

• ConnectionsbetweenwallandfloorelementsareprotectedbyanEPDM-rubberstrip,whichisinstalledtothebottomofthewallunitbythemanufacturer.On-siteEPDM-rubberstripsareattachedmechanicallytosurroundingtimberplanks(Figure2).

• Intheeventthatbuildingmaterialsarestoredonintermediatefloors,theymayberaisedontimberbedinordertoinsurethatnowateriscollectedbeneath stored materials.


6.4.3 Protectionofnon-load-bearingexternalwallpanels

• Openingsinexternalwallsshouldbeprotectedbyplywoodsheetsoradoublelayerofplastic,whichshouldbehungbetweenthefloorandtheupperribslab.

• Alternatively,non-load-bearingwallsthatarenotinsulatedmaybecoveredbyaweathershieldonthetoppartofthewall.Thisshieldshouldprotectthewallpanelfromleakingwater.Windowanddooropeningsmustbecoveredwithdoublelayerofplasticinordertobeginthemanagementoftheindoorclimate.

• Weatherproofmaterialsonoutersurfacesofexternalwallscanbeusedasaweathershield.

6.4.4 Protectionoftheroof

• Aftererectingtheframestructure,theroof,eaves,coveringandtemporarydrainingsystemwillbeassembled.

6.4.5 Managementofindoorconditions

• Themanagementofindoorconditionswillbeginwhenallload-bearingwallsandintermediatefloorshavebeenerectedandopeningsintheexternalenvelopehavebeensealed.

• Aheatingsystemissettoeveryspaceenclosedbyload-bearingwallsinordertodrythestructures.• Duringconstruction,therelativehumidityoftheindoorairistobekeptunder75%.Aftertheinstallationofther-malinsulation,therelativehumidityoftheindoorairmustbebetween45%and55%withthetemperatureabove+10°Cinordertoeffectivelydryallstructures.

• Inordertoensuredryingofthestructuresinallspaces,twomonitoringstationswillbesetuptorecordinteriorconditions(measuringrelativehumidityandairtemperature).Datacollectedfromthesemonitoringstationswillbeanalysedweeklyandmanagementofindoorairconditionswillbeadjustedinaccordancewiththecollecteddata.

6.4.6 Inspectionstobeconductedpriortotheinstallationofcoatingmaterials

• Themoisturetechnicalfunctionalityofallinternalandexternalstructuresareinspectedbeforestartingtoinstallinternalcoatings.

• Theconditionofexternalandinternalwoodsurfaceswillbecheckedbysensors.• Moisturecontentofallexternalandinternalwoodsurfacesshouldbemeasuredandcharted.• Usingdatafromthesemoisturemeasurements,estimatesforcoatingcantakeintoaccountthequalityrequiredforthespecificconditions.

• Criteriaforthecoatingwillbedeterminedbythetypesofstructuresandthemoisturecontrolplan.• Damagedmaterialsmustbereplacedbeforeinstallationofinternalmaterialscanbegin.• Confirmationofmoisturemeasurements,ifnecessary,canbemadebydrying/weighingmeasurementsandmeasurementsoftherelativehumidityoftheporeair.


7 Sustainability


7.1 StoraEnsobuildingsolutionsforsustainablehomes

Sustainablehomesaimatbalancingtheneedsoftodayandthoseoffuturegenerations;theyarebuiltwithoutdepletingnatural resourcesandwithoutotherharmfulenviron-mentalandsocial impacts.Today,sustainablehomesmostlyaimatreducingcarbonemissions,andatprovidinghealthyandcomfortable livingconditions foroccupants,consideringthewholebuildinglifecycleincludingtheproductionofconstructionmate-rials.Theseaspectsofsustainabilityare increasinglysubject to tightening legislativerequirementsandvoluntarythird-partyverification.Inrelationtothelatter,manybuild-ingratingsystemsexistandprovideviabletoolsforthecommunicationofabuilding’ssustainabilitycredentials.

StoraEnsobuildingsolutionshelpdesigners,contractors,ownersandtenantsachievecomplianceandaddresstheirsustainabilityambitions.

7.1.1 Responsiblysourcedrenewablewoodforlowcarbonbuildingsolutions

StoraEnso’sconstructionmaterialsandbuildingsolutionsarebasedonlowenviron-mental impact, renewablewood from sustainablymanaged forests.Wood for StoraEnso’swoodproductsandbuildingsolutionsoriginatesfromsemi-natural,sustainablymanagedEuropeanforests,whichgrowbyareaandbyvolume.TheEuropeanforestscontribute to thesocialwelfareand livelihoodof localcommunitiesand regionswith16millionforestowners.Parallelmultipleusesoftheseforestsforrecreationandnatureconservationareintegralpartsofsustainableforestrypractices.

StoraEnsopromotesthird-partycertificationofforestmanagement,withdemandsthatgobeyondlegalrequirements.In2015,already80%ofallwoodthatwasusedbyStoraEnso’smillsoriginatedfromPEFC™orFSC®(C125195)certifiedforests.Forverificationoftheresponsibleandlegalwoodorigin,StoraEnsoappliesPEFCandFSCChainofCustodycertifiedwoodtraceabilitysystems.

Intheproductionofwoodbasedbuildingsolutions,StoraEnso’smillsapplyISOandOHSASbasedmanagementsystemstoensureresponsible,efficient,clean,andsafeworkingenvironments.Energyismostlyproducedusingbiomassgeneratedfromsaw-millresidues,avoidingfossilcarbonemissions.Highyieldsandefficienciesintheuseofwoodensurethatnowoodgoeswasted.


Woodconstructionplaysan increasing role inglobalwarmingmitigationandadaptationstrategiesasithelpstoreducethefossilcarbonemissions.Sustainable,growingforestsstorecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere.Woodconstructionmaterialsstoreanamountofcarbonequaltoapproximatelyhalfoftheirdryweightandwoodenbuildingsarecarbonstoragesduring their lifetime.Atendof theiruseful life,woodproductscanbe re-used,recycledorusedasnonefossilfuelsforenergyproduction.

7.1.2 Energyefficientandlowcarbonhomes

Buildingsuseapproximately40%oftotalEUenergyconsumption1.Reductionofenergyuse inbuildings isoneof themosteconomicalways tomitigatecarbonemissions.TheEnergyPerformanceoftheBuildingsDirective(EPBD)2isthemainpolicytoolbytheEuro-peanUniontoreduceenergyuseinbuildingswithintheEUmemberstates.Furthermore,theRenewableEnergyDirective(RED)3aimsatincreasingtheshareofrenew-ableenergyinsupplytobuildings,herewithfurtherdrivingdowncarbonemissionfromtheuseofbuildings.

TheEPBDisdrivingtheconstantimprovementofenergyperformanceofbuildings,build-ingelementsandtechnicalsystems.Theperformanceisdefinedandupdatedinnationalbuildingregulations.AccordingtotheEPBD,asofthebeginningof2021allnewbuildingswillneedtobenearlyzeroenergybuildings (nZEB) intheEUmemberstates.nZEBsarebuildingswithveryhighenergyperformanceandtheirenergyrequirementsarecoveredbyrenewableenergysourcestoasignificantextent.IneachEUmemberstateenergyperfor-mancelevelsandnZEBaredefineddifferentlyusingamethodologyconsideringassociatedlifecyclecosts.StoraEnsowoodbasedbuildingsolutionsofferawiderangeofproper-tiesthatfitthenZEBdefinitionwell intheCentralandNorthernEuropeancountries.CLTstructuresforuseintheNordicclimateshavebeenanalysedfortheirbuildingphysicalandenergyperformance.InsulatedCLTandotherwoodenstructurescanhaveU-valuesdownto0.1W/m²Kandevenbelowwithoutanymoisturerisksandassociatedriskstotheindoorclimate.

Withenergyuse inbuildingsheavily regulatedandquicklyapproachingnZEB,efforts tolower theenvironmental impactofbuildingsarenow focusingmoreandmoreon lower-ingenergyconsumptionandcarbonemissionsassociatedwiththeproductionofbuildingmaterialsandtheconstructionofbuildings.TheuseofStoraEnsolowcarbonbuildingsolu-tionshelplowerenvironmentalimpactsrelativetoexistinghomesandconstructionprac-tices 4,5.

1 http://ec.europa.eu/research/press/2013/pdf/ppp/eeb_factsheet.pdf2 Directive2010/31/EUoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof19May2010ontheenergy

performanceofbuildings.3 Directive2009/28/EConthepromotionoftheuseofenergyfromrenewablesources.4 EnvironmentalImprovementPotentialsofResidentialBuildings(IMPRO-Building)20085 WoodinCarbonEfficientConstruction—ECO2.http://www.eco2wood.com/

7.2 Occupanthealthandwellbeing—Indoorclimateandthermalcomfort

Thermal‘sensation’isaparameterthatreflectsthethermalcomfortinabuilding.Coldsur-facescancausethefeelingofdraughteventhoughthebuildingenvelopeisairtight,asthehumanbodyradiatesheattowardscoldersurfacesofaroom.Optimisedthermal insula-tionguaranteessuitablesurfacetemperaturesofwallsandtheroofofabuildingtomitigateuncomfortingindoorconditions.

Moisturedamages inbuildingstructuresareoneof thecriticalcausesofpoorqualityofindoorairandassociatedhealthproblemssuchasasthmaandrespiratorydisorder6.

Thereareseveralclassificationsthathelpdefinegood indoorairquality,e.g. theFinnishClassificationofIndoorEnvironment2008.Itisavoluntarysystemforsettingtargetvaluesfortheindoorenvironmentinnewbuildings.HighlyinsulatedCLTbasedstructurescontrib-utetoindoorclimateinvaryingmeansforexample:

• goodthermalinsulationenableseventemperaturesinaroom7

• naturalwoodenmaterialshavelowemissionsduringtheuseofabuilding• useofwoodasaninteriordesignelementcancontributetopleasantlivingandworkingenvironment8

Comfortandindoorairqualityarebecomingincreasinglyimportantcriteriatocustomerswhenrentingorbuyingtheirhome.StoraEnsobuildingsolutionspromotegoodandhealthyindoor climate.

6 EuropeanRespiratoryJournal.2007March,29(3):509-157 Holopainen,R.Ahumanthermalmodelforimprovedthermalcomfort.Dissertation.Espoo2012.VTT

Science23.141p.8 NyrudA,BringslimarkT,BysheimK,HealthbenefitsfromwoodinteriorsinHospitals.Norwegian

InstituteofWoodTechnology.


7.3 ElementsoflifecycledesigninCLTandLVL1 basedbuildings

Lifecycledesignreferstoastructuredco-operationbetweendesigners,contractors,mate-rialsuppliers,andpossiblyotherprojectstakeholders.Lifecycledesignaimstoachievebuildingsolutionsthatconsiderlifecyclecostsandcontributetohigherconstructionqual-ity,longerservicetimes,goodindoorenvironment,lowenergydemandaswellascarbonemissionsandhencelifecycledesignhelpsthedeliveryofsustainablehomes.

New buildings are typically designed for a service life of 50–100years. Longer servicelife usingwood construction has beenproven throughout history.Components such asfans,pumps,piping,surfacecoatings,waterproofing, façades,windowframes,however,haveatypicalservicelifeof25–50years.Therefore,alongserviceliferequiresalifecycleapproachthataddresses:

• shorterlifetimecomponentsaredesignedforreplacement• long-termmaintenance• maintenance,periodicconditionsurveysandtimelyrepairs• load-bearingCLTstructureslocatedontheinsideofthethermalinsulationlayersandthusprotectedfromoutdoorclimateimpacts

• highqualityconstructionofthebuilding,buildingelementsandcomponents

StoraEnsobuildingsolutionsareprefabricatedbuildingelementsproducedintightlycon-trolledfactoryconditionsthatimprovethequalityandeaseofconstruction.

Highqualityconstructionandalongservicelifeofabuilding,drivesareduceddemandforrenovationandrefurbishment,andherewithreducesmaterialuse,wastegeneration,andenergyuseintheproductionofmaterials,transportandconstruction,furtherenhancingabuilding’ssustainabilityperformance.

7.4 Certificationofsustainableandlowcarbonhomes

Dependentonthemarketconditionsandcustomerawareness,theuseofcertificationsys-temsmayprovidegoodmarketingandcommunicationtoolstowardscustomers,authoritiesand/orinvestorsandmayinsomemarketshelpincreasemarketvalue.Thereareanumberofdifferentcertificationsystemsthatprovidethird-partyvalidationofbuildingperformanceforsustainablehomes,suchas(butnotlimitedto)BREEAM,LEED,DGNB,HQE,Miljöbyg-gnad,andMinergie.Thesesystemstypicallystresstheenergyefficiencyandlowcarbonemissions, indoorclimateand thermalcomfort, lowmaterialemissions, lifecycledesignandassessment,andconstructionprocessprocedures,etc.ingradingforcertification.

1 CommercialproductionofLVLwillstartendofquarter2,2016.

Sustainabilityinformationonverificationandcertification:

• ChainofCustodycertificates(PEFC™andFSC®)forresponsiblysourcedwoodfromsustainableandlegalsourcesavailableat http://www.storaenso.com > Sustainability > Certificates

• Woodfromsustainablymanagedcertifiedforests• AskforourPEFC™orFSC®(C125195)certifiedproducts• Certificatesforresponsible,efficientandsafemanufacturingprocessesavailableathttp://www.storaenso.com > Sustainability > Certificates

• ISO9001qualitycertificate• ISO14001environmentalcertificate• ISO50001energyefficiencycertificate• OSHASsafetycertificate

• CarbonfootprintandLifeCycleAssessment• casespecificcarbonfootprintcalculationsavailableuponrequest

• ProductenvironmentalinformationandLifeCycleAssessment• productspecificEnvironmentalProductDeclarations(EPD)soonavailableat

http://buildingandliving.storaenso.com > Sustainability• productspecificindoorairemissiondeclarationsavailableuponrequest• productspecificchemicalsdeclarations, etc.availableuponrequest


8 Stora Enso


8.1 StoraEnso

StoraEnsoisaleadingproviderofrenewablesolutionsinpaper,packaging,biomateri-als,woodproductsandwoodconstructionsonglobalmarkets.Ourcustomersincludepublishers,retailers,brandowners,printandboardproducers,printinghouses,mer-chants,convertersandjoineriesandconstructioncompanies.

Ouraimistoreplacefossilbasedmaterialsbyinnovatinganddevelopingnewproductsandservicesbasedonwoodandotherrenewablematerials.Webelievethateverythingthatismadewithfossilfuelstodaycanbemadefromatreetomorrow.Ourfocusisonfibre-basedpackaging,plantation-basedpulp,innovationinbiomaterials,andsustain-ablebuildingsolutions.

StoraEnsorecordedsalesof€10billionin2015(withanoperationalEBITof€915mil-lion)anditemployssome26,000peopleinmorethan35countriesaroundtheworld.StoraEnsosharesarelistedontheHelsinkiandStockholmstockexchanges.

Weuseanddevelopourexpertiseinrenewablematerialstomeettheneedsofourcus-tomersandmanyof today’sglobal rawmaterialchallenges.Ourproductsprovideaclimate-friendlyalternativetomanyproductsmadefromnon-renewablematerials,andhaveasmallercarbonfootprint.

Beingresponsible—doinggoodforthepeopleandtheplanet—underpinsourthinkingandourapproachineveryaspectofbusiness.

StoraEnsoDivisionWoodProducts

BuildingSolutions

Email:[email protected]

Published 20 June 2016Version1.4Subjecttotypographicalorprintingerrors

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