D. ED length of stay

31. In the backboard policy described in the article, nurses were

allowed to

A. clear the patient’s spinal precautions.

B. remove the cervical collar.

C. sit the patient up.

D. only remove the backboard.

32. Criteria for assessing the patient for removal from the

backboard include all of the following except the patient

A. is able to communicate clearly and effectively.

B. has only mild weakness in no more than 1 extremity.

C. is fully cooperative.

D. has no areas of extremity tingling or numbness.

Implementation of Early Goal-Directed Therapy for

Septic Patients in the Emergency Department: A Review

of the Literature (pp. 13-19)

1. Three of the 7 studies reviewed reported what barrier to the

treatment of septic patients?

A. Unavailable ICU beds

B. Poor communication between physicians and nurses

C. Antibiotics not readily available

D. Under-recognition of sepsis

2. In the study by Carlbom and Rubenfeld (2007), the top barrier to

the successful implementation of Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC)

guidelines was

A. the equipment needed.

B. overcrowded EDs.

C. the nursing staff required.

D. increased length of stay.

3. ED implementation of central venous pressure (CVP) and

central venous oxygen saturation (ScVO2) monitoring was

more likely to be successful after

A. nurse and physician training.

B. stationing a pharmacist in the ED.

RESEARCH TEST QUESTIONS

C. placing the equipment in the patient rooms.

D. having residents available.

4. What monitoring parameter recommended in the SSC guide-

lines was documented in only 1 of the 7 studies reviewed?

A. Lactate levels

B. Mean arterial pressure

C. Urine output

D. Central venous pressure

Comparing Subcutaneous Fluid Infusion With

Intravenous Fluid Infusion in Children (pp. 86-91)

5. The subcutaneous (SC) fluids used in this study included what

substance to aid absorption?

A. Heparin

B. Hyaluronidase

C. Glucose

D. Oxidoreductase

6. The most common indication for pediatric rehydration in this

study was

A. respiratory illness.

B. gastrointestinal illness.

C. febrile illness.

D. genitourinary illness.

7. The mean time from the order to the fluid start time was how much

shorter for the SC group than for the intravenous (IV)/SC group?

A. 45 minutes

B. 52 minutes

C. 69 minutes

D. 76 minutes

8. Compared to 1 needle stick for the SC group, the mean

number of sticks required for the IV/SC group was

A. 2.13.

B. 3.45.

C. 4.87.

D. 5.22.

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January 2013 VOLUME 39 • ISSUE 1 WWW.JENONLINE.ORG 111