Research Highlights 2011 - JNKVVjnkvv.org/PDF/Research Highlights 2011250615022043.pdfResearch Highlights 2011 JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) 2 concentrating on frontier areas of research

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU KRISHI VISHWA VIDYALAYAJABALPUR 482 004 (M.P.)

ResearchHighlights

2011

ResearchHighlights

2011

Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa VidyalayaJabalpur, Madhya Pradesh

Citation : Research Highlights 2011, J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur

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Director Research ServicesJ.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur

Dr. S.S. TomarDr. S.K. ShrivastavaDr. G.S. RajputDr. S.B. NahatkarDr. A.K. DwivdediDr. Moni Thomas

Shri H.S. YadavShri N.P. Patel

Dr. S.S. Tomar

CONTENTS

S.No. Subject Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION

2. AGRICULTURE

2.1 CROPIMPROVEMENT

2.2 SEED TECHNOLOGY

2.3 RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

2.1.1 Genetic Improvement of Cereals2.1.2 Genetic Improvement of Pulses2.1.3 Genetic Improvement of Oilseeds2.1.4 Genetic Improvement of Millets/Minor Millets2.1.5 Genetic Improvement of Sugarcane2.1.6 Genetic Improvement of Forage Crops

2.2.1 Seed Production and Certification2.2.22.2.3 Seed Pathology

2.3.1 Water Management2.3.2 Nutrient Management

2.5.1 Disease Management2.5.2 Insect Management

2.6.1 Vegetable Crops2.6.2 Hi Tech Horticulture2.6.3 Onion and Garlic

Seed Physiology

2.4 CROPPRODUCTION2.4.1 Cropping System2.4.2 Weed Management

2.5 CROPPROTECTION

2.6 HORTICULTURE

S.No. Subject Page No.

2.7 MEDICINALANDAROMATIC PLANTS

2.8 AGRO-FORESTRY

2.9 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

2.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIES

3. AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

4. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING4.1 SOIL & WATER ENGINEERING4.2 FARM MACHINERYAND POWER4.3 RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY FOR INDUSTRIES

AGRICULTURE AND AGRO BASED INDUSTRIES4.4 INSTRUMENTATION

5. STATUS OF SEED, PLANTAND FRUIT SAPLING PRODUCTION

6. RESEARCH PROJECTS IN OPERATION DURING 2009-10 & 2010-11

2.7.2 Germplasm Evaluation2.7.3 Refinement ofAgrotechnology2.7.4 Post Harvest Processing2.7.5 Vegetation Carbon Pool Assessment

2.7.1 Conservation, cultivation, processing and quality evaluation of Medicinaland Aromatic Plants

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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa VidyalayaKrishi Nagar, Adhartal, Jabalpur 482 004 (M.P.)Ph.: 0761-2681706 (O), 2681809 (R); Fax:2681389

E-mail: [email protected]

In Madhya Pradesh, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya is involved inagricultural research, teaching and extension for growth & development of agricultural sectorsince last five and half decade. Looking to emerging problems and needs of the farmingcommunity, agricultural research in basic, applied and contemporary fields are carried out asan important mandate of the Vishwa Vidyalaya. The Scientists of agriculture and alliedsubjects are working to solve the problems of farming community. The major thrust ofagricultural research is to increase factor productivity so that the production system can bemade more efficient and sustainable. Such improved systems will ultimately helps inenhancing socio-economic sustainability and security of peasants of the State. The researchactivities are carried out after vigorous review and feedback obtained from farming communityand field extension workers.

The focused agricultural research areas are development of improved crops varietiesresistant to pest complex and suited to different agro climatic zone and cropping systems,development of hybrid of short duration for enhancing cropping intensity, hi-tech horticulturefor off season production of vegetable and flowers, integrated farming systems for enhancingnutritional and food security of small and marginal farmers as well as farmers of deprived andtribal areas, development of technologies for adaptation under changed climatic conditions,organic farming & resource conservation for enhancing sustainability of agricultural system,farm mechanization for timely operations and post harvest and value addition formaximization of profit share of farmers.

It is my pleasure that the scientists of Vishwa Vidyalaya have done praise worthy workin the field of agricultural research. The discern of research is given in biennial publication“ The efforts made by Dr. S.S.Tomar, Director of ResearchServices and his team to bring out this publication is highly appreciated.Research Highlights 2011”.

Prof. V.S. TomarVice Chancellor

Foreword

(V.S. Tomar)

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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa VidyalayaKrishi Nagar, Adhartal, Jabalpur 482 004 (M.P.)Ph.: 0761-2681074 (O), 2681614 (R); Fax: 2681074

E-mail: [email protected]

Preface

` Agriculture is an important sector of Indian economy as it contributes about 17% to thetotal GDP and provides employment to over 60% of the population. Indian agriculture hasregistered impressive growth over last few decades. The food grain production has increasedfrom 51 million tonnes (MT) in 1950-51 to 250 MT during 2011-12. The production of oilseeds(nine-major oilseed) has also increased from 5 MT to 28 MT during the same period. The rapidgrowth has helped Indian agriculture mark its presence at global level.

The Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya has made stride efforts for ensuringfood and nutritional security through development of crop varieties of soybean, chickpea,millets, rice, wheat and many other crops and their matching technology. The problemoriented location specific research is carried out through Zonal Agriculture ResearchStations, Regional Research Stations and Agriculture Research Stations covering six agro-climatic zones and twenty five district of the State.

The some of the land mark research achievement of the Vishwa Vidyalaya aredevelopment of JS series of Soybean varieties which helps in breaking monoculture of JS335, early rice hybrids which brought rabi fallow under cultivation, improved chickpeavarieties helps in enhancing acreage under chickpea not only in the state of Madhya Pradeshbut this has brought chickpea revolution in southern part of India.

Looking to the predominance of rainfed area and large chunk of small and marginalfarmers in the state, there is an urgent need to strengthen agricultural research on soil andwater conservation, development of varieties of various crops resistant to biotic and abioticstress, agriculture system diversification, biodiversity conservation as gene pool, dry landhorticulture development, organic farming, partial farm mechanization, low cost post-harvesttechnology, development of sustainable integrated farming system modules specially forsmall and marginal farmers.

I hope, the valuable information contained in the “Research Highlights 2011” will beof enormous interest to all those engaged in the agriculture development in the country.

(S.S. Tomar)

Dr. S.S. TomarDirector Research Services

Research Highlights 2011

JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) 1

State of Madhya Pradesh haswitnessed the spectacular growth rate in recentyears, this could have been possible due toavailability of quality seeds of high yieldingvarieties with matching technologies forefficient use of nutrient, water and effectivemanagement practices for biotic and abioticstresses.

.

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Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi VishwaVidyalaya (JNKVV) holds the flagship of greenrevolution in agriculture and allied sciences. Ithas been the architect of yellow revolution inCentral India. For sustainable and incrementaldevelopment, the science needs pace,understanding and effective transmission ofinformation to the end users.

State economy is mainly depends onagriculture and allied activities. Therefore, thedevelopment of agriculture sector is a key foroverall development of the State of MadhyaPradesh For steady and sustainabledevelopment there is a need to strengthenresearch in frontier areas

The Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi VishwaVidyalaya, Jabalpur marching ahead with thisdaunting task since its inception. Afterformation of RVSKVV, Gwalior in 2008, andMPPCVV, Jabalpur in 2009, JNKVVencompasses five Agriculture colleges(Jabalpur, Rewa, Tikamgarh, Ganjbasoda andWaraseoni one Agricultural EngineeringCollege Jabalpur one Horticultural VocationalEducational Institute, Garhakota (Sagar), fourZonal Agricultural Research Stations, fourRegional Agriculture Research Stations andfour Agriculture Research Stations

1. Head quarter - Directorate of ResearchServices, JNKVV, Jabalpur - 482004

2. Powarkheda, Hoshangabad - 461 110

3. Kundeshwar Farm, Tikamgarh - 472 001

ZonalAgricultural Research Stations

1. INTRODUCTION

4. Chandangaon, Chhindwara - 480 001

1. Kuthulia Farm, Rewa - 486 001

2. Bamhori Farm, Sagar - 470 002

3. Murjhar Farm, Waraseoni, distt. Balaghat

4. Tribal Agricultural Research Station,Dindori - 481 881

1 Betelvine Research Station, Navgaon,Chhatrpur

2. Dryland Horticultural Research Station,Ranguan, Garhakota, Tehsil - Rehli, Distt.Sagar

3. ARS, Tendani, Distt. Chhindwara

4. ARS, Sausar, Distt. Chhindwara

RegionalAgricultural Research Stations

Agricultural Research Stations

.

Considering the available potentials, themulti disciplinary research of applied nature isbeing conducted on Natural ResourcesManagement, Crop Improvement, CropProduction, Crop Protection, Horticulturalcrops, Allied Enterprises, Post HarvestTechnologies, Farm Machinery, Energyutilization and Socio-Economic aspects at fourZonal Agricultural Research Stations, RegionalResearch Stations, and Agricultural ResearchStations respectively.

All the above research station are well-equipped and have mechanized farms,workshops, laboratories, Agromet Centre,Polyhouses and nethouses, library, ARIS Cellwith latest information and communicationtechnology which strengthen the researchactivities of the University. As on date, All IndiaCoordinated Research projects, ICAR Networkprojects, NAIP, A research projects, StatePlan and non-plan projects, Madhya PradeshMandi Funded Projects, Madhya PradeshCouncil of Science & Technology Projects,other externally funded projects (BARC,

d-hoc

MSSRF, etc), Govt of India Projects (Agro-Economic Research Center, CCS, RKVY, FSM,NHM etc), are in operation to carry out theresearch work in agriculture and allied fields,besides extending product testing facility forcorporate sector.

The thrust of research in the VishwaVidyalaya continues to be on the evolution ofimproved crop varieties having resistance/tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses anddevelopment of need based location specificimproved technologies. New researchprogrammes are also formulated to match thechanged scenario of new economic policiesand cl imate change and are beingimplemented. The Vishwa Vidyalaya is also

Table 1: Madhya Pradesh Leads at National Level in Production of pulses andoilseeds (2011-12)

Crops India Madhya Pradesh Rank inProductionArea

Millionha

ProdMilliontons

YieldKgha-1

AreaMillion

ha

ProdMilliontons

YieldKgha-1

Chickpea 9.19 8.22 895 3.11(33.84)

2.69(32.73)

865 I

Soybean 9.60 12.74 1327 5.56(57.92)

6.67(52.35)

1200 I

Mustard 6.90 8.18 11.85 0.75(10.87)

0.86(10.51)

1147 II

Oilseed 27.22 32.08 1193 7.03(25.43)

8.04(24.75)

1144 I

Pulses 26.40 18.24 891 5.16(19.54)

3.39(18.59)

657 I



concentrating on frontier areas of researchsuch as bio-technology and molecular biology,agro-forestry, bio-energetic, organic farmingincluding biological control of pests anddiseases, bio-fertilizers, plasticulture, naturalresource management, crop improvement,cropping system, food processing and postharvest technology, Hi-tech horticulture,medicinal and aromatic plants, agriculturalmachinery and allied aspects and integratedfarming System approach besides organicfarming and conservation agriculture.

The university has emerged as a leadingresearch organization having a major stake in

the agricultural development of the state.Presently university is looking after theresearch need of the farmers of the State andout of eleven agro-climatic zones followingagro-climatic zones and the districts undereach zone comes under the jurisdiction of theJNKVV, Jabalpur.

1. Chhattisgarh Plain (Balaghat districtonly).

2. Northern Hill Zone of Chhattisgarh(Mandla, Dindori, Shahdol, Anooppur,Umaria)

3. Kymore Plateau & Satpura Hills(Jabalpur, Katni, Seoni, Panna, Rewa,Sidhi, Singhroli and Satna).

4. Vindhyan Plateau- Partially (Sagar,Damoh, Raisen and Vidisha districts)

5. Central Narmada Valley (Narsinghpur,Hoshangabad and Harda)

6. Bundelkhand Zone- Partially (Tikamgarhand Chhatarpur)

7. Satpura Plateau (Betul and Chhindwara)

At national level the Madhya Pradesh ishaving crowning position in production ofchickpea and soybean. The State ranks secondin mustard production at National Level.



Morena Bhind

Gwalior

DatiaSheopur

Shivpuri

AshokNagarGuna

Rajgarh

Neemuch

Mandsaur

Ratlam

Jhabua

Ujjain Shajapur

Sehore

Bhopal Raisen

HoshangabadDewas

Dhar

Indore

Alirajpur

Barwani

Harda

KhandwaBetul

Burhanpur

Chhindwara

Seoni

Katni

Jabalpur

Umaria

Mandla

Dindori

Balaghat

Narsinghpur

Sagar DamohVidisha

TikamgarhChhatarpur

Panna

SatnaRewa

Sidhi Singroli

Bagwai

Garhakota

Waraseoni

Tendni

Pawarkheda

Jaora

Mhow

Maharashtra

VIIVIII

IV

III

IIX

XI

XII

XV

VI

Fig. 1.1: Agroclimate Zones of Madhya Pradesh Colleges, Research Station and KVK's of JNKVV

AGROCLIMATIC ZONEI. CHHATTISGARH PLANSIII. NORTHERN HILLS ZONE OF CHHATISGARHIV. KYMORE PLATEAU AND SATPURA HILLSV. VINDHYA PLATEAUVI. CENTRAL NARMADA VALLEYVII. GIRD ZONEIX. SATPURA PLATEAUX. MALWA PLATEAUXI. NIMAR VALLEYXII. JHABUA HILLS

College Research Stations & KVKsMAIN CAMPUSAGRICULTURE COLLEGEHORTICULTURE COLLEGEAGRIL. ENGINEERING COLLEGEZONAL AGRIL. RES. STATIONREGIONAL AGRIL. RES. STATIONAGRIL. RES. STATIONKRISHI VIGYAN KENDRA

N

(Districts under JNKVV jurisdiction - encircled by red colour boundary)

Agar-Malwa Ganjbasoda

Nawgaon

Fig. 1.2: Soil Type and their distribution in Madhya Pradesh

MAHARASHTRA

NMorena Bhind

Gwalior

DatiaSheopur

Shivpuri

AshokNagarGuna

Rajgarh

Neemuch

Mandsaur

Ratlam

Jhabua

Ujjain Shajapur

Sehore

Bhopal Raisen

HoshangabadDewas

Dhar

Indore

Alirajpur

Barwani

Harda

KhandwaBetul

Burhanpur

Chhindwara

Seoni

Katni

Jabalpur

UImaria

Mandla

Dindori

Balaghat

Narsinghpur

Sagar DamohVidisha

TikamgarhChhatarpur

Panna

SatnaRewa

SidhiSingroli

Bagwai

Garhakota

Waraseoni

Tendni

Pawarkheda

Jaora

Mhow

VIIVIII

IV

III

IIX

XI

XII

XV

VI

Alluvial soilsShallow and medium black soilsMedium and deep black soilsMixed red and black soilsI-XII Agroclimatic Zones



Fig. 1.3: Rainfall pattern of Madhya Pradesh (cm)

NMorena Bhind

Gwalior

DatiaSheopur

Shivpuri

AshokNagarGuna

Rajgarh

Neemuch

Mandsaur

Ratlam

Jhabua

Ujjain Shajapur

Sehore

Bhopal Raisen

HoshangabadDewas

Dhar

Indore

Alirajpur

Barwani

Harda

KhandwaBetul

Burhanpur

Chhindwara

Seoni

Katni

Jabalpur

UImaria

Mandla

Dindori

Balaghat

Narsinghpur

Sagar DamohVidisha

TikamgarhChhatarpur

Panna

SatnaRewa

SidhiSingroli

Bagwai

Garhakota

Waraseoni

Tendni

Pawarkheda

Jaora

VIIVIII

IV

III

IIX

XI

XII

XV

VI

100

120

140

140100 1208080

80

80

MAHARASHTRA



Fig. 1.4: Share of Madhya Pradesh in Crop Production of India (2011-12)



2. AGRICULTURE

2.1 Crop Improvement2.1.1 Genetic Improvement of CerealsWheat

JW 3288:

2.1.2 Genetic Improvement of PulsesChickpea

JW 1201:

MP 3269:

JG 12:

It matures in 118 days, bold grain,good appearance and high protein content. Ithas resistant to rust and suitable for irrigatedcondition of Madhya Pradesh. Yield potential is55-57 q ha .

A semi dwarf wheat released bySVRC for the farmers of MP under partiallyirrigated condition. It matures in 115 days.Tolerant to drought and rusts. Grains bold andsarbati. It has 35.8 q ha yield under limitedirrigation. Suitable for chapatti making.

Desi chickpea variety. It is an early (105-115 days), brown and medium seed, semispreading, profuse branching, resistant tovascular wilt, moderately resistant to dry rootrot. Suitable for both irrigated and rainfedconditions of MP and having yield potential of20 q ha

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-1

_

-1

T.Aestivum wheat released by CVRCfor rainfed/restricted irrigated condition ofCentral Zone. It matures in 120-122 days. Boldgrain, non lodging and non shattering/pofusetillering. Resistant to rust It has 45-47 q hayield potential under two irrigation.

.

Field view of JG 12

JW 1201

MP 3269

JW 3288



2.1.3 Genetic Improvement of OilseedsSoybean

Sesame

Linseed

JS 20-29:

JS 20-30:

JS 20-34:

PKDL-41:

JLS 66:

Early maturing, high yielding, highgerminability, multiple resistant, tawnypubescence, medium pod colour, medium tall,flower colour white, bold seed, Hilum colourdark black. It ranked first in Central Zonerecording 2406 kg ha yield and recorded 14 %more yield than the best check JS 97-52 (2165kg ha ). It is an early duration culture matures in94 days having bold seeds (13 g per 100 seedweight).

Medium maturing, high yielding, highgerminability, multiple resistant, flower colourwhite, tawny pubescence, medium tall, podcolour dark.

Extra early, thermo-insensitive, highgerminability, multiple resistant, dwarf,glabrous, pod colour light, It is an extra earlyculture recorded 2204 kg ha yield which is14% more than check JS 93-05 (1934 Kg ha )and 1.8% more yield than the best check JS 97-52. It is a dwarf thermo - photo insensitivehaving medium seeds (12g per 100 seedweight).

All the five varieties viz. TKG-55 (1607 kg ha ),JTS-8 (1488 kg ha ), TKG-21 (1270 kg ha ),TKG-22 (1230 kg ha ) released fromTikamgarh Centre including Local Check TKG-308 (1349 kg ha ) were found to be highestseed yielder.

It matures in 115-120 days. It hasprofuse secondary branching flowers and seedat top, chocolate seed colour and bold. Suitablefor irrigated timely sown and late sown areas ofMadhya Pradesh. Resistant to diseases andtolerant to bud fly. Yield potential is 15-17 q ha .

It matures in 109-120 days, short inheight with white flowers and seed are lightbrown in colour. Moderately resistant topowdery mildew, alternaria blight, rust andmajor insect pests. Oil content is 40.5% andyield potential is 22 q ha .

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-1

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-1

JS 20-29

JS 20-34

JLS 66

ha-1 ha-1



JLS 67:

JLS-73:

JK-98:

It is a short statured variety flowers in38-48 days and early maturing (110-112 days),medium white flowers are star shaped. Anthersare creamy, having 3-5 branches and lateralbranches 35-40 per plant. It bears 47-73capsules per plant, having 7-8 seeds percapsule. Seed colour is light brown. It ismoderately resistant to powdery mildew andrust and moderately susceptible to wilt andAlternaria blight diseases. It is also moderatelysusceptible to bud fly. Its average yield potentialis 12 to 13 q ha under rainfed condition andcapable to give 23 q ha under high fertility andirrigated conditions. It contains 40.16% of oil.

Plant height is 55-60 cm. and flowersbetween 52-56 days. It matures in 111-114days, hence belongs to early maturity group.Flowers colour is blue saucer shaped and largein size. Anthers are creamy, having 4-5 primaryand 40-45 lateral branches per plant. It bears55-76 capsules per plant, having 7-8 seeds percapsule. Seed colour is light brown with testweight of 7.2 to 8.3 g. It is a moderately resistantto powdery mildew, Alternaria blight and rustdiseases while susceptible to wilt. It ismoderately resistant to bud fly, having meanyield of 11 q ha . with highest potential of 18 qha . It contains 38.82% of oil.

It matures in 102-107 days. Plants are60 cm in height, erect, semi compact, denseears, grain brown. Moderately resistant to headsmut and resistant to shoot fly. Suitable for soleand intercropping. Yield potential is 25 q haunder rainfed conditions of Madhya Pradesh.

It matures in 95-100 days. Plants are 60 cm inheight, compact ears, grain brown. Moderatelytolerant to shoot fly and grain smut. Moderatelytolerant to drought. Yield potential is 27-30q ha .

In early group the promising entrieswere MS 07081, CoJN 07091, Co 07012, CoJN07092, Co 06002, Co 06022, Co 05002 and

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2.1.4. Genetic Improvement of small milletsKodo

DPS 9-1

2.1.5 Genetic Improvement of Sugarcane

CoSnk 05104. Promising entries under Mid lategroup were CoSnk 5104, Co 05007, CoSnk05105, Co 06027, Co 06010, CoSnk 03632,CoJN 07094, CoJN 07093 and Co 07010.

It matures in 145-150 days. It has broadleaves with profuse tillering at the base ownedspikelets. Tolerant to lodging and shattering.Recommended for both green and dry fodder.First cut is taken at 60-65 days. The yieldpotential of green fodder is 63-65 q ha and dryyield is 18-20 q ha .

2.1.6 Genetic Improvement of Forage CropsOat :JO-61:

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-1

JLS 67

JLS 73

JK 98



Berseem

Rice bean (Anew lean period fodder)

JB2003-73:

JRBJ05-2:

It has given better performance atdifferent locations. It has green fodder yield of660 q ha , dry matter yield 92.2 q ha andpotential grain yield of 5.0 q ha .

Vigna umbellata (Thumb-ohwi and Ohashi) hasproved its superiority over leguminous fodderdue to its indeterminate habit and high fodderyielding ability. It is tolerant to high and lowmoisture stress and its ability to sustain in thelean period has opened a vista as green fodder.

It has been selected from localmaterial obtained from adjoining areas ofBalaghat. This entry is in advance varietals trial.It has the green fodder yield of 407q ha , 79.09q ha dry matter yield and 14.8% crude protein.

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-1

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-1

It is a potential crop variety for lean period.

It has been obtained from a crossbetween NRC37x BR-7. The green fodder yieldof 287.0 q ha , dry matter yield of 62.4q ha and8.7 q ha crude protein yield.

JS07-11-6:

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Crop varieties released

S.No.

Crop /variety

Duration ofmaturity(days)

Yield(q ha-1)

Features

1..

WheatJW 1201 118 55-57

Bold grain, good appearance and high proteincontent. It has resistant to rust and suitable forirrigated condition of Madhya Pradesh.

JW 3269 115 35.8

JW 3288 120-122 45-47

2 ChickpeaJG 12 105-115 18-20

3 LinseedPKDL-41 115-120 15-17

JLS 66 109-120 22

Asemi dwarf wheat for the farmers of MP. Tolerant todrought and rusts. Grains bold and sarbati. Suitablefor chapatti making. Release for partially irrigatedcondition of Madhya Pradesh.Bold grain, non lodging and non shattering/profuseti l lering. Resistant to rust. Suitable forrainfed/restricted irrigated condition of Central ZoneIt is a Desi chickpea variety with brown and mediumseed, semi spreading profuse branching, resistantto vascular wilt, moderately resistant to dry root rot.Suitable for both irrigated and rainfed conditions ofMPIt has profuse secondary branching flowers andseed at top, chocolate seed colour and bold.Suitable for irrigated timely sown and late sownareas of Madhya Pradesh. Resistant to diseasesand tolerant to bud fly.

Short in height with white flowers and seed are lightbrown in colour. Moderately resistant to powderymildew, alternaria blight, rust and major insectpests. Oil content is 40.5%.



JLS 67 110-112 12-13(Rainfed)

23(Irrigated)

JLS-73 111 -114 11-18

4 KodoJK-98 102-107 25

DPS 9-1 95-100 27-30

5 Oat :JO-61 145-150

63-65(greenfodder)

18-20 (dryyield)

It is a short matured variety flowers in 38-48 daysmedium white flowers are star shaped. Seed colouris light brown. It is moderately resistant to powderymildew and rust. Moderately susceptible to wilt andAlternaria blight diseases. It is also moderatelysusceptible to bud fly. It contains 40.16% of oil.

Its plant height is 55-60 cm and flowers between 52-56 days. Flowers colour is blue saucer shaped andlarge in size. It bears 55-76 capsules per plant,having 7-8 seeds per capsule. Seed colour is lightbrown with test weight of 7.2 to 8.3 g. It's amoderately resistant to powdery mildew, alternariablight and rust diseases while susceptible to wilt. Itcontains 38.82% of oil.Plants are 60 cm in height, erect, semi compact,dense ears, grain brown. Moderately resistant tohead smut and resistant to shoot fly. Suitable forsole and intercropping.

Plants are 60 cm in height, compact ears, grainbrown. Moderately tolerant to shoot fly and grainsmut. Moderately tolerant to drought.

It has broad leaves with profuse tillering at the baseowned spikelet's. Tolerant to lodging and shattering.Recommended for both green and dry fodder. Firstcut is taken at 60-65 days.

2.2 Seed Technology2.2.1 Seed Production and CertificationRice

Pigeonpea

Soybean

l Hybrid seed production of rice can bemaximized effectively by application of 40 %part of GA3 @ 90g ha +1 percent boric acidsprayed at 5% panicle emergence and 60%in subsequent day.

Hybrid seed of rice can be producedsuccessfully at Jabalpur, Katni, Rewa,Balaghat and Waraseoni districts.

Hybrid seed production of pigeonpea can betaken successfully during Kharif at all thelocations representing Kymore Plateau andSatpura hills, Bundelkahnd region andCentral Narmada valley agro-climatic zones.

The prime basis of sorting out ODV (OtherDistinguishable Variety) is the colour of

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l

l

l

hilum. Over all correctness of identification of90.8%, for soybean advocated that ODV insoybean has positive and significantcorrelation with genetic impurity observed atplant level in GOT.

l Unprocessed and processed seed yield ofsoybean in ridge and furrow and raised bedmethods are statistically higher thanconventional method with significantly betterseed quality.



0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Seed yield (kg/ha)

Processed seed

17001800190020002100220023002400

6.66.877.27.47.67.888.2

VI (length)VI (mass)

Soybean seed yield in ridge and furrow andraised bed methods

Chickpeal

l

The prime basis for identification of ODV wassurface of seed coat. Over all correctness ofidentification of 77% advocated that ODV inchickpea has positive and significantcorrelation with genetic impurity observed atplant level in GOT.

Breeder seed production of Kabuli chickpeais a profitable venture in MP with the costbenefit ratio of 1:2.74.

Lentil

Mustard

2.2.2 Seed Physiology

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The prime basis for identification of ODVseeds is the presence of black colouredseed. Present findings reveals that blackseed coat colour formed in the varieties ofgray mottled colour should not beconsidered as genetic impurity.

The prime basis for identification of ODVwas the presence of yellow coloured seed.Over all correctness of identification of66% advocated that ODV has positive andsignificant correlation with genetic impurityobserved at plant level in GOT.

Storability of seeds was better in Poly -lined gunny bags, bundas and HDPE bagsover gunny bags for farmers saved seedsin wheat, chickpea and lentil which hadbeen dried to safe moisture limits.

Seed coating of maize with syntheticpolymers and additives has beenstandardized. Among packaging materialthe germination percentage, fieldemergence and vigour index were higherin 700 gauge polythene bags as comparedto cloth bag. The germination%, vigourindex and field emergence were higher inpolykote + insecticide treated seeds.

Significant differences were visibleamongst the seed lots of paddy for all theparameters recorded. The laboratorygermination % at 48, 96 and 144 hoursAATand germination after 2 months storagehad a significant positive correlation witheach other. Field emergence had a

VIJAYA VISHAL

JG 16JG 315



significant positive association with firstcount, germination %,

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speed ofgermination and 2 months storage periodand significant negative association withseedling length and electrical conductivity.

Significant variations existed amongst theseed lots for all the parameters recorded insoybean variety JS 97-52. Laboratorygermination % had a significant positiveco-relation with 48, 96, 144 and 192 hrsAAT and 2 and 4 months storage duration.Field emergence had a significant positiveassociation with first count, lab.Germination %, seedling length, 2 and 4months storage and negative associationwith electrical conductivity test.

For safe storage, seed treatment ofsoybean (initial moisture10%) with Thiramplus carbendazim (1:1) 0.2% each reducethe fungal flora and helps in maintainingthe germination above MSCS even after210 days of storage in polylined gunnybags.

Prior to sowing Thiram plus carbendazim(1:1) 0.15% each seed dressing eliminatesthe infection of

associatedwith soybean seeds.

Application of Trichoderma viride @ 4g kgseed is promising in maintaining the vigorand crop stand in soybean.

Incidence and spread of Soybean MosaicVirus (SMV) is reduced through manualpicking and separation by experiencedskilled field personnel of soybean seedshaving hilum bleeding symptoms,especially in basic seed lots.

Direct detection and identification basedu p o n h a b i t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f ,

associatedwith soybean seeds with 4-5 day incubated

2.2.3 Seed Pathology

Macrophomina phaseolina,Colletotrichum dematium, Fusariumoxysporum, Aspergillus flavus

Macrophomina phaseolina, Colletotri-chum dematium, Phoma medicaginis,Myrothecium roridum, Alternaria alternata,Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus,Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichumdematium, Cercospora kikuchii

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soybean seeds observed understereoscopic binocular microscope can bedone using standard blotter method, as perprotocol of ISTA.

Detection ofand

associated with mung bean,urid bean and sesame seeds can be madethrough standard blotter method. A testtube water agar method is secondpromising technique for the detection ofthese pathogens.

Seed dressing with copper-oxy-chloride(0.25%), thiram (0.25%), thiram pluscarbendazim (0.3+0.2%) effectivelyeliminate the pathogen Alternaria carthemiresponsible for leaf blight and spots ofsafflower.

Application of propiconazole 0.1% at 35and 45 days after transplanting effectivelymanage the incidence of Neovossia

Colletotrichum dematium,Fusarium oxysporum Macrophominaphaseolina

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horrida, the kernel smut of rice.

Seed dressing with carboxin 0.1% iseffective in eliminating the internally seedborne infection of Ustilago segatum var.tritici, the causal agent of loose smut ofwheat.

Rice bunt, loose smut of wheat, charcoalrot of soybean and sesame, anthracnoseof mung, urid and soybean and white rustof mustard are the major economicallyimportant wide spread seed bornepathogen in seed production of field crops.Ear cockle of wheat and ergot of pearlmillet are restricted in some part of theState.

The system of rice intensification (SRI)provided maximum seed yield of 44.32 qha which was 25.52 % more than the yield(34.11 q ha ) under farmers practice.

The net monetary return (Rs. 51147 ha ),B.C. ratio (5.91) and water expenseefficiency (105.52) were also higher withSRI.

2.3 Resource Management2.3.1 Water ManagementRice

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Coriander

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The coriander gave 1126 kg ha seed and4038 kg ha green leaves yield as against4479 kg ha of wheat yield under assuredirrigation.

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The value of net return (Rs.48630 ha ) andB.C. ratio (4.0) with coriander wereconsiderably higher as compared to wheat(Rs.38548 ha ).

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Demonstration on Coriander in ORP

Potato produced significantly higher tuberyield (238.53 q ha ) under drip irrigation at0.8 PE. The water use efficiency (698.1 kgha cm) was found higher under dripirrigation at 0.8 PE.As regards the plantingmethod, the tuber yield (220.91 q ha ) washigher under ridge method as compared toflat bed planting (211.16 q ha ).

The net monetary returns (Rs. 98192 ha )and B:C ratio (2.06) were also higher withdrip irrigation at 0.8 PE.

Potato

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Soybean

Vegetable Pea

The maximum seed yield of soybean(1083 kg ha ) was found under broad bedfurrow (180 X 30 cm) planting which wassignificantly higher over control (963 kgha ).

Net monetary return (Rs.7882 ha ) andB.C. ratio (1.51) was also higher with broadbed furrow (180 X 30 cm) planting ascompared to Control Flat bed 30 cmspacing with NMR Rs. 6221 ha and B.C.ratio 1.47.

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In vegetable pea, the maximum andsignificantly higher green pod yield of Pea(34.63 q ha ) was obtained in irrigationapplied at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio. As regards, inphosphorous levels application of 60 kgP O ha gave higher green pod yield(30.33 q ha ) as compared to application of40 kg P O ha (28.66 q ha ). Whereas, inphosphorous levels maximum net return(Rs.18845 ha ), B.C. ratio (1.68) and WUE

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Drip irrigation in potato at 0.8 PE

Surface irrigation in potato at 60 mm CPE



of (108.4 kg ha cm ) were found atphosphorous applied 80 kg P2O5 ha .

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Winter Maize

2.3.2 Nutrient ManagementApplication of Biofertilizers

Seed yield of winter maize under irrigationat 0.8 IW/CPE ratio gave maximum andsignificantly higher grain yield (2909 kg ha ) ascompared to 0.6 IW/CPE ratio and at par withother irrigation treatments. In fertility levels,100% and 75% RDF gave significantly highergrain yield as compared to 50% RDF along withbio-fertilizer. Whereas, water use efficiency wasmaximum with irrigation applied at 0.6 IW/CPEratio.

Soybean Seeds inoculated withreduced the germination time

at 4 and 5 DAS were recorded, in placeof normal germination of 5-7 days.

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B.japonicum

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Sprinkler irrigation at 1.0 PE

Response to 60 kg ha phosphorous-1

Irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio and50% RDF in maize

Irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratioand 50% RDF in maize

Irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio and100% RDF in maize

Irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio 100% RDF in maize



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Plant height, chlorophyll index (SPADvalue), nodulation and plant biomass,straw and grain yields, nutrient (N, P, andK) content and uptake was found to bes igni f icant ly improved wi th theinoculations.

Impact of rhizobial inoculation on soil pHand EC remained unchanged, butincreased the content of OC, available N,P and K in the post harvest soil samples(0-15 cm) with simultaneous increase inharvest index, nitrogen harvest index andadditional BNF.

The correlation studies between differentyield attributing characters were alsoestablished and best proven isolateswere identified as R11, R35, R16, R12,R33, and R30.

Continuous applications of inorganicfertilizer in balance amount for a period of

Long Term Fertilizer Investigation

about four decades did not contribute anyadverse effect on soil health. Thisdisapproved the notion that cultivation ofcrops with application of chemicalfertilizer may reduced the soil health (soilorganic carbon).

The conjunctive use of chemical fertilizerand FYM maintained relatively higheramount of soil organic carbon ascompared to chemical fertilizer alone.

The performance and production of testcrops (soybean and wheat) is satisfactoryeven after nearly four decade ofapplication of inorganic fertilizers.

Imbalance application has reduced levelsof K and S nutrients in soil and showedadverse effect on plant growth resulting inlow yield.

Inclusion of organic manure (FYM) addedto the additional benefits on crop yieldssustainability as well as better soil health.

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Effect of different treatments on soybean crop in the LTFE



Micro, Secondary Nutrients and PollutantElements in Soil Plants

In the soils of Chhattarpur districtdeficiency of Zn, S and Fe was observedto the extent of 56.9, 38.6 and 9.4%,respectively. Whereas, the deficiency ofZn, Fe and S were observed in 55.88%,2.0% and 45.10% of soil samplesrespectively in mixed red and blacksoils.

The grain yield of rice increasedsignificantly from 4.12 t ha to 5.10 t hawith the application of 40 t sludge ha .

Grain yield of wheat increasedsignificantly from 4.16 t ha at control to5.04 t ha with 40 t ha sludge.Continuous application of sludge was

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found to be better for increasing grainyield of wheat (5.01 t ha ) in comparisonto application in alternate year.

The application of Zn @ 10 kg hasignificantly increased (4.21 t ha ) grainand straw yield of maize by 10.77 t harespectively. The residual effect of 10 kgZn ha exhibited better effect in improvinggrain and straw yield of wheat insucceeding crop.

Combined application of 10 kg Zn and 1kg B ha significantly increased grain andstover yield of maize and grain yield ofwheat.

The application of 10 t ha FYMsignificantly increased the grain andstover yield of maize over control.

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Effect of different treatments on wheat crop in the LTFE

Effect of Zn and B on yield of wheat crop (MN)



Effect of Zn and S on yield of chickpea crop in Farmer's field (MN)

PaddyFN = 4.25T - 0.45 SN

= 3.55 T - 4.89 SP= 2.10 T - 0.18 SK

FP OFK O

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WheatFN = 4.40T - 0.40 SN

= 4.00T - 5.73 SP= 2.53T - 0.16 SK

FP OFK O

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Soil Test Crop Response Correlation(STCR)

The results revealed that targeted yield ofpaddy was achieved up to 55 q ha withand without FYM against 44.8 q ha underrecommended dose of fertilizers. The netprofit without FYM (Rs. 19,334 ha ) andwith FYM (Rs. 16,482 ha ) was higherthan that of recommended dose offertilizers (Rs.10,879 ha ). However, thetargeted yield of wheat was achieved upto 60 q ha with net profit of Rs. 23,839h a a g a i n s t t h e y i e l d u n d e rrecommended dose of fertilizers (46.7 qha ) with net profit of only Rs. 12,612 ha .The soil test based fertilizer adjustmentequations used for application offertilizers for achieving the yield targetsfor paddy and wheat were as follows:

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l The verification trials on soybean, onionand garlic to achieve the targeted yieldand refinement in soil test based fertilizeradjustment equations were alsoconducted.

SoybeanFN = 5.19T - 0.48 SNFP O = 5.20T - 4.10 SPFK O = 3.90T - 0.22 SK

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OnionFN = 9.11 T - 0.37 SNFP O = 3.60 T - 0.75 SPFK O = 4.66 T - 0.13 SK

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l In addition to follow up and verificationtrials 32 frontline demonstrations(soybean-12, pigeonpea-6, paddy-6,wheat-6 and chickpea-2) were alsoconducted at farmer's fields acrossJabalpur, Seoni, Chhindwara and

Narsinghpur districts to disseminate andpopularize the technology of fertilizersapplication on the basis of soil test basedfertilizer adjustment equations to achievethe targeted yields. The results of FLDsindicated that yield target of 25 q ha forsoybean and pigeon pea, 45 q ha forpaddy, 50 q ha for wheat and 15 q ha forchickpea across the locations wereachieved with 15-20 per cent deviations.

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Management of Soil Health and FertilityFrom Jabalpur district, 636 soil sampleswere collected from 106 villages under 6tehsils, and all the samples wereanalyzed. Out of total soil samples 9%were acidic, 57% neutral, 30% slightlyalkaline and remaining 4% samples fromJabalpur, Patan and Shahpura tehsilwere found to be strongly alkaline. Inoverall view, soil samples were in saferange of EC but 40% samples were low inOC. Soil samples of 49, 52, 15, and 78percent were in low range of availablenutrient content for N, P, K, and Zn,respectively.

516 soil samples were collected from 86villages under 7 tehsils of Katni district.Out of total soil samples 43% were foundacidic, 36% neutral, 14% slightly alkalineand remaining 7% samples from Rithi,B a d w a r a , B a h o r i b a n d a n dDheemarkheda tehsils were found to bestrongly acidic. All soil samples were insafe range of EC but 18% samples were

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low in OC. Low status of nutrient contentfor N, P, K, and Zn were also observed in22, 49, 22, and 57 per cent soil samples,respectively.

Samples (750) were collected from 125villages under 6 tehsils from Seoni district.Acidic nature of soil was recorded in 28%samples, 61% samples were neutral, 9%samples slightly alkaline and remaining1% sample was strongly alkaline. The ECwas found to be safe in almost all thesamples, but low OC was found in 20%samples. The status of nutrient content forN, P, K, S, and Zn was found to be low asevident in 25, 36, 19, 21, and 67 per centsoil samples, respectively.

Application of 20: 60:20 kg NPK ha tosoybean and 120: 60:40 kg NPK ha towheat gave maximum production and netprofit from soybean–wheat underirrigated conditions.

Application of 80: 40:20 kg NPK ha topearl millet and 120:60:40 kg NPK ha towheat was suitable for increasing totalgrain yield (6.33 t ha ) and net profit (Rs18,705 ha ) from entire cropping system.

Application of S 25 kg ha and Zn 5 kg hathrough ZnSO along with RDF insoybean-wheat system increased theproductivity and net profit of croppingsystem.

A low cost agro-technique for rice-wheatsystem consisting with in-situ greenManuring for sunhemp in drilled rice(sowing of rice–sunhemp in 4:1 rows andthen incorporation of one month oldsunhemp with the help of rotary weeder)and application of 75% NPK withherbicidal weed control to both crops inrice wheat sequences was comparable togrowing both crops with 100% NPK andother recommended practice with regardto product iv i ty and prof i t , wi thimprovement in soil health.

Application of 50% NPK +12 t greenmanure /FYM / wheat straw to rice

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followed by wheat with 100% NPK as wellas 75% NPK+ 6 t FYM /green manure/wheat straw to rice followed by 75% NPKto wheat were comparable to applicationof 100% NPK to both crops in terms ofgrain yield of main crop and totalproductivity of entire cropping system.The former treatments were moreremunerative with the additionaladvantages of improvement in soil health.

Application of 40 kg N ha povidedhighest grain yield of 1460 kg ha ,followed by 20 kg N ha (1153 kg ha ) inKodo millet.

Application of 40 kg N ha producedhighest grain yield of Little millet (1206 kgha ) as compared to without nitrogenapplication (627 kg ha ).

Enrichment with 100% RDF (40:20:10NPK kg ha ) to 5 t FYM ha gave highergrain yield of Kodo millet (1689 kg ha ).Under low fertility conditions, applicationof 50% RDF and inoculation with bio-fertilizers gave higher grain yield of Kodomillet (1055 kg ha ) under rainfedconditions.Application of RDF (40:20:10::NPK kgha ) alongwith FYM 5 t ha gavesignificantly highest grain yield of Kodomillet (1585 kg ha ), NMR (Rs.12808 ha )and B:C ratio (1.99).

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Response of sugarcane crop to differentplant nutrients

2.4 Crop Production2.4.1 Cropping SystemsRice based Cropping System

Sugarcane yield increased significantlydue to application of major plant nutrientsviz. NPK 300:80:60 kg ha (91.67 t ha ),NP 300:80 kg ha (86.65 t ha ) and N 300kg ha (76.62 t ha ) than control (50.93 tha ).

Rice-Chickpea-Okra, Rice-Mustard-Moong, Rice-Mustard-Cowpea and Rice-

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Berseem cropping were found to beprofitable sequences over existing Rice-Wheat cropping sequence.

Inclusion of the grain legumessoybean and chickpea in place of uplandrice and wheat, respectively after everytwo years in a fixed rice-wheat sequencesproved to be superior over continuousrice-wheat cropping with regard tostability in productivity of entire croppingsystem and maintaining soil health alongwith higher monetary advantages.

Soybean-wheat-maize (fodder) wasfound to be the best crop sequences with300% cropping intensity while Sorghum-Wheat and Soybean-Wheat was found tobe profitable with 200% croppingintensity.

Soybean(JS 335) - Potato (Kufri Jyoti)-wheat (GW 173) proved to be bestintensive and need based croppingsystem with regard to total productivityand profit per hectare per year.

Among the ten crop sequences tested,the soybean potato – okra croppingsequence produced the maximum SEY(159.9 q ha year ) closely followed bysoybean–potato– sesame crop sequence(92.5 q ha year ) and Soybean –vegetable pea–sugarcane croppingsystem stood in the 3 rank.

Kodo-Soybean- Kodo or Kodo –Niger -Kodo crop rotation was found to be thebest for sustainable system in Dindoridistrict.

Soybean+ Pigeonpea (4:2 rows and 30cm apart) intercropping under rainfedconditions is most remunerative, high riskbearing and advantageous.

Soybean + Maize intercropping inalternate rows 30 cm apart with 50% RDFto soybean and 100% RDF to maize led torecord maximum total productivity (56.58

viz.

Soybean based cropping system

Kodo based cropping system

Intercropping

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q ha ), yield index (152%) and net profit(Rs 10,394 ha ).

Intercropping of 2:1 Kodo millet +Pigeonpea was found better over mixedcrop of Kodo millet and pigeonpea onfarmers field as well as Research Station,Dindori.

LEY was numerically higher when linseedvariety Padmini (2269 kg ha ) wasintercropped with chickpea var. JG 322followed by JLS-67 (2262 kg ha ), JLT-26(2252 kg ha ) and the lowest in JLS-9(2211 kg ha ). Net monetary returns(NMR) and B:C ratio were found to besignificantly higher with intercroppingtreatments rather than sole linseed/chickpea. However, Padmini variety gavenumerically higher NMR and B:C ratiowith chickpea intercrop.

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2.4.2 Weed ManagementPre emerg en ce ap p l i ca t i o n o fBenthiocarb @ 1.5 kg ha to rice andIsoproturon @ 1 kg ha as postemergence to wheat in rice wheatsequence proved to be superior over twohand weedings in terms of yield andprofit.Pre-emergence application of 2,5-D (Na-salt) @1 kg ha with one hand weeding at15-20 days after emergence was found tobe effective against control of theweeds in upland rice.Pre-emergence application of Butachlor1.5 kg ha to rice and pre or postemergence application of Isoproturon @1 kg ha to wheat in rice-wheatsequences proved to be superior overtwo hand weeding in terms of yield andprofit.

Application of Atrazine at 2.0 kg ha (PE)+ Dicamba 350 g ha at 75 DAP (84.9 tha ) or Metrabuzin 1.25 kg ha (PE) +Dicamba 350 g ha at 75 DAP (86.1 t ha )e ffect ive ly cont ro ls weeds andsignificantly increase the sugarcane yieldover control (66.4 t ha ).

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2.5 Crop Protection2.5.1 Disease ManagementSoybeanEffect on seed germination

Rice

Sugarcane

Maximum seed emergence (80.0%) wasrecorded in seeds treated with chemicalfungicides (Thiram + carbendazim)(0.15% each) as compared to untreatedcontrol (65.0%).

Among the bio pesticides treatment withresulted in maximum

emergence 82.0%) fol lowed by(81.0%).Seed

treatment with bacterial bioagents didinfluence the germination and resulted inlower emergence as compared tochemical (Thiram + carbendazim 0.15%each) and other bioagents (

).

Foliar spray of Carbendazim + Mancozeb@ 0.2% was effective in minimizing all thediseases Phytophthora, Cercosporaleaf spot, MSRR and Phyllody with higheryield net profit and C:B ratio.

Chlorothalonil 75 WP, Kocide 77 WP werefound highly effective fungicide for thecontrol of false smut of rice.

In early group 5 genotypes CoM5082, Co. 0403, CoM.0326, CoN.3131and CoSNK 3754 exhibited resistantreaction to smut disease whereas in midlate group 6 genotypes viz. CoSNK05105, CoVSI 05121, Co 5007, CoVSI05123, CoSNK 3822 and MS.0301 werefound to be resistant to smut diseaseunder artificial condition.

Trichoderma viride(

Trichoderma harzianum

Trichodermaviride, Trichoderma harzianum

viz.,

Bio-pesticides, Wanis, Neem gold, Biotos@ 5 ml lit were highly effective for themanagement of leaf blast of rice.

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Integrated management of sesame diseases

.ChickpeaHost Plant resistance against soil bornediseases of chickpea

Stable Resistance – Wilt

Seed treatment with(0.4 %) + soil application of @ 2.5kg ha + spray of Mancozeb (0.25%) +Endosulfan (0.07%) at 30-40 DAS and45-55 DAS was most effective inmanaging the diseases.

Seed treatment with Thiram or Captan orRidomil (25%) for control ofin the initial stages of sesame crop. Sprayof Mancozeb (dithane M-45) or Ridomil orDifolatan (0.2%) for foliar infection of

blight and Bavistin 0.1%(Carbendazim) for leaf spotcontrol. Use of resistant varieties like TC-25, TKG-21, TKG-22 for avoiding lossesby blight of sesame andTKG-55 for root/stem rotdisease and TC-25, Tc-289, TC-325,JLSC-8, HT-1, HT-6 against leaf curldisease

Trichoderma virideT. viride

Phytophthora

PhytophthoraCercospora

PhytophthoraMacrophomina

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The following entries were found resistantto moderately resistant against the respectivedisease.

JG 2004-3 and JG 2000-14, IPC 2004-52,PG 9425-9 and H 82-2 identified as stableresistant against wilt based on three yearsdata in multi location trials.MPJG 2001-04 and JG 2000-7 , foundR/MR at 3 locations out of 5 locationsGNG 1861, GNG 1958, 469, Phule G07112, BG 3004, Phule G 07102, IPC2005-79, GL21107, Phule G 00108, JG923974, JSC 55, Phule G 07104, JG 14,CSJ 515, JG 20, GJG 0825, GJG 0814,AKG 4-11, IPC 2007-69, IC 552241 (JG),H06-15, GJG 09-20, IPC 09-16, GJG0919, Phule G 0302-7, Phule G 07104,IPC 2008-103, JSC 39, IPC 2007-31, IPC2005-59, IPC 2007-96, IPC 2008-38, JSC40, JG 2000-07, IPC 2005-74, IPC 05-58,

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Host resistance

Collar rot Vascular wilt Dry root rot

JG 62JG 315 Wilt Sick Field

HK 06-152, HK 05-169 (AVT-2), JGK2005-301, JGK 2003-304, CSJK 42,CSJK 54, GLK 26171, Vihar, HK 94-134,GLK 28127, CSJK 46(AVT-1), JGK 5,CSJK 41Dual resistance - Wilt, Dry root rotJG 2003-14-16, GJG 0419, GJG 0505,Rajas, GNG 1756, Phule G 9621-8, H 02– 113, GJG 0315, Phule G 9708-4, IPC2005-64

GNG 1861, GJG 0810, GNG 1936, GCVD15, Phule G 00108, BGD 1063, BGD1056(R), Phule G 07104, GJG 0825, RSG931, Vijay, JG 11, IC 251471(JG), CSJ556, CSJ 592,CSJ 37, IPC 2005-28, GNG1969, Phule G 04305, IPCK 2006-78,JGK 13, GLK 28127, JG 2003-95, JG74,JG 2001-80,JG 2-125 and MPJG2001-04 found resistant.

Dry root rot resistance -

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Chickpea stunt

Wilt and Collar rot

Collar rot

Botrytis grey mould

JG 1-2-3 was found resistant to Chickpeastunt at Junagadh.

IC 269266, IC 269274, IC 269511,IC 269685, IC 269696, IC 269737,IC 269750, IC 269826, IC 269853,IC 269891 exhibited resistant reaction(< 10%) to collar rot and wilt.

GNG 1958, GNG 1861, AKG 70(R), RSG931, JG 1307, IPC 2007-711, JGK 2005-301, JGK 2B125, BG 3010, JGK 5, IPCK2004-29

IC 552066(JG), IC 552264(JG), IC553473(JG)

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International collaborative programme

Entries possessing dual and multipleresistances;Wilt and Dry root rot

Wilt and Collar rot

Wilt and Ascochyta blight:Wilt and Stunt:Wilt, Dry root rot and Collar rot :Wilt, Dry root rot and Stunt :Wilt and Botrytis grey mould :Wilt, Botrytis grey mould and Stunt :2.5.2 Insect Pest ManagementSoybean

ICAR – ICRISAT- ICCV08123, ICCV93706,ICCV08116, ICCV08113,ICC11322, ICCV 07111,ICCV96854, ICCV 08117were found promisingagainst wilt

ICAR-ICARDA- FLIP 08-82C, FLIP 07 197Cwere found promisingagainst wilt

Phule G 07104, GJG 0825, GLK 28127

JGK 2005-301, JGK 5, GNG 1985

GLK 26171

GNG 1936

GNG 1861

Phule G 001108

HK 94-134

JSC 55

Solomon (@ 350 g ha and

Metaflumizone 22 % SC (Verismo) @ 750g ha were found to be highly effectivein reducing the infestation of insect pestcomplex on soybean without anyphytotoxic effect on the crop.

Application of var.kurstak i @ 10 spores ha or

PDBC isolateaqueous formulation @ 2 billion infectedjuveniles ha recorded significantlylowest larval count of Lepidopteranfoliage feeders viz.and and registeredhighest soybean grain yield.

β- cyfluthrin 9% + Imidacloprid21% - 300 OD (w/v) a.i.

a.i.

Bacillus thuringiensis

Heterorhabditis indica –

Chrysodeixis acutaSpodoptera litura

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Pigeonpea

Sesame

l Early maturing entries of pigeon pea AL1735, H-2000 47, AL 201, AL 1495 and H2000-37 were least preferred by pod fly,gram pod borer, pigeonpea plume mothand pod bug. These entries had leastphysiological disorder. UPAS 20 entrywas found to be promising as it recordedmaximum grain yield of 1626 kg ha .

Medium maturing entries WRG 119,RVSA 28, Guliyal local red and RVSA 59were least preferred by gram pod borer,pigeonpea plume moth and pod bug.These entries had least physiologicaldisorder, respectively. WRG-65 entry wasleast preferred by pod fly and was foundto be promising as it recorded maximumgrain yield of 1766 kg ha . TreatmentSpinosad 45% SC @ 73 g ha ,Emamectin benzoate 5% SG andProclaim 5% SG @ 9 g ha recordedminimum grain damage but maximumgrain yield due to pod infesting insect pestcomplex ( pod fly, gram pod borer, podbug and pigeon pea plume moth.

Application of Acetamiprid 20SP @ 20 gha recorded minimum grain damage

by pod fly and pod bug, respectively) andalso recorded maximum grain yield.

The larval population ofattained two distinct peaks (48 and 1SMW). Correlation studies revealed thatrainfall, evaporation and morning vapourpressure exhibited significant positivewhile morning relative humidity exhibitedsignificant negative influence on

larval population, respectively.

Incidence of insect pests of sesame maybe managed with seed treatment ofchlorpyrifos 20 EC@ 5ml Kg seed + foliarspray of Profesnofos 50EC@ 2ml l orNSKE 5% along with higher grain yield,(1147 kg ha and 1083 kg harespectively) and C.B ratio 11.3 and 14.2respectively.

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H.armigera

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Incidence of wasnegatively correlated with rainfall. Due tocontinued precipitation pest could notestablish in the early crop stage (30-32SMW). But, on account of low rainfallduring 33 SMW incidence started butcould not increase due to high rainfall insubsequent weeks (34&36 SMW). It washigher in 37 SMW (0.16 larvae per plant)due to very low rainfall (7.0mm) anddecreased with comparatively highrainfall (70mm) in 38th SMW andthereafter crop attained maturity.

Rynaxypyr 20 SC @ 25 g. a.i. ha orFlubendiamide 480 SC@ 36 g a.i.hawere found to be highly effective inreducing gram pod borer infestation onchickpea, also recorded maximum grainyield and did not have any phototoxiceffect on the crop.

The Co Snk 05103 and Co 06022 (forESB, Pyrilla and Mealy bug), Co Snk03632 and Co 05071 (for Pyrilla andScale insect) of early group while Co VC05061 (for ESB and Scale insect)exhibited multiple resistance. Though, CoSnk 05105, (mid late group) wassusceptible for ESB, but exhibitedmultiple resistance for pyrilla, scale insectand mealy bug.

The early planted sugarcane werecomparatively less infested (7 to 11%) ascompared to late planted sugarcane crop(10 to 25 %) by ESB. During the rainyseason, 11-22 individuals of Pyrilla perleaf were recorded.

In the Monitoring of insect pests, it isobserved that in Co 86032 infestation ofESB initiated from last week of February,reached to peak at 2 week of May andcontinued up to last week of June. In theseason, cumulative infestation recordedof 17.20 per cent. In 2 phase, Pyrillainfestation observed from second lastweek of July and continued up to 4 week

Antigastra spp

Chickpea

Sugarcane

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of September. Peak activity of Pyrilla(15.33 individuals/ leaf) and(76.52%) recorded at 35 SMW. whileafter a week alsoobserved peak activity (24.73 livecocoons/ leaf).

Application of GA or NAA @100ppm at 30and 50 DAS is recommended in okra forhigher seed yield (15.87 and 15.67 q ha )germination (82.82 & 70.64 %) and seedvigour index (10.96 and 10.0)respectively

The use of Trichoderma (5g kg seed) asseed treatment recorded higher seedyield of okra (16.10 q ha ) hence, it isrecommended for M.P.

In tomato variety JT 99 application of FYM@ 10t ha + Azotobacter 5 kg ha + NPK120:60:80+ S 25kg ha + foliar spray of100 ppm mixture of all micronutrient ( Zn,B. Mo, Fe, Cu, & Mn) after 30 DAT gavemaximum yield (341.45 q ha & B:C ratioof 2.66:1.

In carrot variety Desi Red production of286.84 q ha with B:C ratio of 4.62:1 wasobtained with application of FYM @ 10t+1/2 RDF ie 30:40:37.5 kg NPK ha . Thepackage reduce 50 % cost of chemicalfertilizers.

In cowpea Variety Kashi Kanchanapplication of vermin compost @ 5t ha+1/2 RDF (34:60:37.5 NPK kg ha ) gavepod yield of 77.18q ha with B:C ratio of1.52:1 with net return of Rs 14240/-.

Tetrastichus

E. malanoleucath

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2.6 Horticulture2.6.1 Vegetable CropsUse of growth regulators

Bio-control of Disease

Integrated Nutrient Management

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FruitsMango

Under new germplasm collection of themango cultivars Vasibadami, Zillika,

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Dadamaio and Khajura were significantlysuperior in growth characters where asSindhu and Alampur Beneshan wereinferior.

The highest fruit yields (100.3kg ) wasrecorded in Bangalora followed byJagatswami (28.31 kg ) and Chotakaliya(23.3 kg ) Average weight per fruit wasmaximum in Bangalora ( 364.72g) closelyfollowed by Dilsad (351.92g) andSunderja (348.31g)

Three accessions were added ingermplasm cellection during 2009-10.The cultivar, Sardar, Chittidar, Portugal,Guthneewala, Dhareedar and AllhabadSafeda were found significantly superiorthan other varieties.

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Guava

2.6.2 Hi Tech HorticultureDeveloped protocols for production of highvalue crops under control conditionA. Gerberal

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Assessment of different varieties forhigher flower production in per unit area.

Assessment of 7 coloured varieties viz.Tecla (Yellow), Red star (Red), Cassiana(Red), Noame (Pink), Jalisse (Pink) andFlavia (White) of gerbera tested underpolyhouse condition.

Results showed that Maximum number offresh flowers (6432 Nos.) harvested in themonth of February, followed by November(6400). Whereas, minimum flowers obtained inthe month of February.



2.6.3 Onion and Garlic

Germplasm collection

Botanicals and Bio-pesticides againstthrips

Weed management

l Collected 56 cultivars of garlic fromdifferent part and regions of MP during2009, amongst them highest marketableyield (7.61t ha ).

The lowest thrips population (05.27 thripsper plant) was observed in foliarapplication of Profenofos @ 1ml l(Chemical check) followed by Neemcrude oil @ 4% (18.54 thrips per plant)with highest marketable yield (32.27 and29.42 t ha ).

The application of Oxyfluorfen 23.5% EC@ 1.5-2.0 ml per liter before transplantingand application of Quizalofop Ethyl 5%EC @ 3.0 ml per liter at 30 days aftertransplanting during 2009-10 and 2010-11 resulted highest weed controlefficiency with maximum marketableyield (29.89 tonnes ha ) and cost benefitratio (1:2.30).

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Lowest thrips population(3.82 thrips per plant) and minimumdisease intensity and incidence (6.38 and3.08%) was recorded in JAC 27 line.

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CapsicumApplication of Nitrogen : 340 kg,

Phosphorus : 110 kg and Potash: 375 hathrough fertigation gave maximum yield

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2.7 Medicinal andAromatic Plants2.7.1 Conservation, Cultivation, Processing

and Quality Evaluation of MedicinalandAromatic Plants

Conservation of biodiversity of MedicinalandAromatic Plants in Herbal garden

2.7.2 Germplasm Evaluation

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The herbal garden of JNKVV is one of theunique herbal garden in the countryhaving a collection of more than 1000species belonging to 450 genera and 110families.

The garden is also serving as a centre foreducation, demonstration and supply ofquality seed / planting materials to thefarmers and entrepreneurs engaged inthe cultivation of medicinal and aromaticplants.

More than 60 species of MAPs underIUCN categories viz., rare, endangeredand vulnerable are conserved andmaintained in herbal garden.

A raw material depository is alsoestablished for authentication of samplesof raw material of medicinal plants on thebasis of morphological, taxonomic andactive ingredient so that farmers can getremunerative price of their products.

The herbal gardens of JNKVV has beenincluded in the list of Herbal Garden asAushadhiya Udyan, Jabalpur andMedicinal Plant Garden, under theNetworking of Herbal Gardens in India byNRC MAPs (ICAR), Anand, Gujrat andNMPB, New Delhi.

The herbal gardens of JNKVV alsoawarded 'Best Herbal Gardens' by StateBiodiversity Board, Bhopal M.P.

(L).Dunal

In leaves, MWS217 shows maximumWithaferin A (0.0539%) content whereasWithanolide B (0.0089%) was found to bemaximum in MWS209.

exsitu

Withania somniferaAshwagandha ()



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In roots, Withaferin A was maximum inMWS217 0.0052%), while Withanolide Ain MWS130 (0.0502%) and withanolide Bin MWS 218 (0.0509%).

In leaves, withaferin A was maximum inCHW1 (0.0539%) whereas withanolide Bwas found to be maximum in CHW10(0.0091%).

In roots, CHW2 shows best results forwithaferin A (0.0081%), withanolide A(0.0621%) and withanolide B (0.069%).

Among 11 germplasm,(Green) showed maximum herbage yield(802.17Kg ha ).

Oil content was found highest in(0.45%) followed by IC369247

(0.42%).

The germplasm Gujrat-1 was found to bethe best in term of all the parametersstudied viz., fiber (30.97%), husk(38.96%), swelling percent (16.16%) ofseeds at maturity protein (17.75%), andash percentage (3.24%) and recordedmaximum seed yield (1138kg ha ).

Improvement in the morpho-physiologicalyield attributing and physiological growthparameters which ultimately resulted inmaximum realization of photoassimilatetowards the economic sinks.

Farmers field collection

2.7.3 Refinement ofAgro-technology

Tulsi (

Isabgol ( Forsk)

Ashwagandha [ (L).Duna

Ocimum sp.)

Plantago ovata

Withania somnifera

Ocimum sanctum

O.basillicum

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A progressive pattern of accumulation ofwithaferin% in ashwagandha leaves wasestimated up to 90DAS and Maximumwas estimated with the application of 100Kg N ha (0.0303) and 45 Kg P ha(0.0299) at 90 DAS.

Similarly withanolide A and B content (%)in roots was significantly increased by 100Kg N ha (0.0696) and 45 Kg P ha(0.0587) upto 150 DAS.

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Foliar spray of salicylic acid @ 20 ppm onAshwagandha crop has improved rootyield (307 Kg ha ), Leaf Chlorophyll-aand b (1.152 and 0.389 mg./g), Fiber(21.47%) and WithanolideA

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(0.00387%).

Foliar application of methanol @ 40mlliter has increased the withanolide B(0.00722%) and withaferinA(0.0618%).

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Withaferin A

Withanolide A

Forskolin



Coleus ( Briq )Coleus forskohlii .

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75% NPK of RDF (50 : 50 : 30 NPK ha ) +Azotobactar + PSB @ 1.5 Kg each ha +FYM @ 5 tonnes ha registered maximumdry root yield, nutrient contents,proximate parameters and forskolincontent (0.475%) at par with 100% NPK.

The above combination also improve thephys io log ica l growth ana ly t ica lparameters, leaf chlorophyll contents andmorphophysiological yield attributingparameters which finally resulted inmaximum dry root yield and quality.

Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata.Wall. ExNees)

In kalmegh, a progressive pattern ofincrease of andrographolide content wasnoted with an advancement of cropgrowth upto 50% flowering stage underthe influence of nitrogen level and plantspacing.

Application of nitrogen @ 45 kg N haaccumulated maximum andrographolidecontent in leaves at various phenophasicstages viz. vegetative stage (2.008%),flower initiation (2.068%), 50% flowering(2.388%) and at harvest ( 1.648%).

Similarly 45 kg N ha estimated maximumcontent of andrographolide in stem atdifferent phenological stages viz.,vegetative stage (1.349%), flowerinitiation (1.544%), 50% flowering(1.280%) and at harvest (0.843%).

Forskolin

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Planting of kalmegh at 50 cm plantspacing favours the accumulation ofandrographolide upto 50% floweringstage and their after it declined sharply inleaves viz. vegetative stage (2.103%),flower initiation (2.603%), 50% flowering(2.574%) and at harvest (1.688%).

Similarly 50 cm plant spacing estimatedmaximum content of andrographolide instem at different phenological stages viz.vegetative stage (1.236%), flowerinitiation (1.526%), 50% flowering(1.1075%) and at harvest (0.9356%).

influences all themorpho-physiological traits as well asbiochemical parameters. Andrograp-holide content was found to be maximumin 10% (0.198%) moisture stresstreatment.

shows growth and enhancement ofc h l o r o p h y l l a : b ( 0 . 6 8 % ) a n dandrographolide (0.814%) content.

Maximumm percentage of bacoside wasobtained with kinetin (0.589%) onrepeated trial under Greenhousecondition.

Thirty four accessions of safed musli( ) werecollected for DNAfingerprinting.

10% of moisture

Salicylic acid 14 mg liter + Kinetin 50ppm-1

Brahmi ( L.)

Safed musli ( L.)

Bacopa monnieri

Chlorophytum borivilianum

Chlorophytum borivilianum

DNA isolation from different accession ofSafed musli

Isolation of Standards

Name Name of Activeprinciple

ReferenceStandard (%)

Percent purityof isolatedmolecules

Buch Beta-asarone Fluka- 70% 95% purityKalmegh Andrographolide Natural Remidies

Pvt. Ltd. -95%80% purity

Aloevera Aloin Sigma – 97% 60% purity

Coleus Forskolin Fluka- 90% 40% purity

2.7.4 Post harvest processing and value additionProcessing of Senna leaf powder and Ashwagndha leaf and root powder



Chandrasur ( L.)Lepidium sativum

l Sowing on 14 October give a best resultin terms of quality and sinapaic acidcontent of chandrsur (0.0138%) with seedyield of 915 kg ha .

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Bacoside

Crop Technology developedSenna(Cassiaangustifolia)

Leaf picking days for obtaining maximum Sennoside A and B content – 90- 130DAS.Best packaging material for maximum storability of leaf Sennoside A and B isBlack polythene and Aluminium foil paper packet.

Ashwagandha(Withaniasomnifera)

Maximum Withaferin- A content is at 50% flowering in leaves (110days).Maximum Withanolide-A and B percentage were estimated at field maturity inroot (150days).Root powder can be best stored in glass container upto nine months of storage

Groupingl

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On the basis of similarity coefficient, allthe accessions showed low level ofmolecular diversity except the accessionMCB-405 and CBI 1.-1

On the basis of dendrogram, there are twogroups one having all the accessionexcept MCB-405.



Herbal face pack Herbal dip-dip tea Jwar nashak Madhumeh nashak

The above multicomponent value addedproducts were developed using various herbs:

2.7.5 Vegetation Carbon PoolAssessmentl

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Assessment revealed that parametersmean value of assessed 30 forest sites,the gross cover (50.04%), total vegetationcover (77.21%), crown density (59.65%),number of trees (562.51 ha ), basal area(0.0205/m ), tree volume 72.36 m ha )and land slope (16.55%) are noticed.Regeneration status of tree species hasbeen quantified by vegetation carbonpool assessment work at different 30locations at south eastern parts of theState.

In Trees Outside Forest (TOF) sites, themaximum IVI (Important Value Index)was observed in Butea monosperma(77.54) followed by(66.87), (27.58) and

(23.26) in rice fieldecosystem of study area.

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Acacia niloticaMengifera indica

Madhuca latifolia

2.8Agro-forestryGuava BasedAgri-horticulture PracticeGuava + Paddy

In 8 year old Agri-horticulture system(Guava+Paddy) 25% higher dose of fertilizerand seed rate produced significantly highergrain yield of paddy (23.78 q ha ) overrecommended dose i.e. 100 percent fertilizerdose (40:30:20::N:P: Kg ha ) and seed rate(100 kg ha ). Agri-horticulture system produce

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higher monetary return (Rs.10433 ha ) ascompared to growing of arable crop , paddyalone (Rs.6927 ha ) and fruit crop Guavaalone (Rs.6300 ha ) under rainfed condition.Hence, 25% fertilizer dose and seed rate thanrecommended dose can be used for higherproduction of rainfed/upland paddy underagrihorticulture practice of agroforestry.

Open condition (crop without tree)recorded significantly higher grain yield ofmustard (6.33 q ha ). Among pruning intensity,pruning (deheading) at 1.0 m height recordedsignificantly higher yield (5.44 q ha ) closelyfollowed by pruning (deheading) at 1.5 mheight (4.44 q ha ). No pruning recordedsignificantly lowest grain yield. Open conditioni.e. crop alone recorded higher monetary return(Rs. 11,561 ha ) as compared to differentpruning treatments. No pruning recorded highermonetary return (Rs. 6,650 ha ) as compared to1.5m (Rs. 951 ha ) and deheading at 2.0m(Rs. 2,053 ha ).

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i.e.i.e.

Guava + Mustard



Wild fruit tree (Aonla & Bael) + TurmericSignificantly higher fresh yield of turmeric

was recorded under open condition (85.68q ha ) and was significantly superior to yieldrecorded with bel (80.87 q ha ) and Aonla(78.87 q ha ) which were at par. Ridge bedmethod of sowing recorded significantly higherfresh yield of turmeric (83.25 q ha ) ascompared to flate bed (80.31 q ha ).Hortimedicinal practice (Rs. 61,062 ha ) ofagroforestry is more profitable than growing ofcrop alone (Rs. 46,769 ha ). Significantlyhigher monetary returns was recorded whenturmeric crop was grown with bel (Rs. 67,500ha ) followed by Aonla (Rs. 54,625 ha ).Turmeric crop grown alone recordedsignificantly lowest monetary returns (Rs.46,769 ha ). Among different method ridge bedmethod of sowing was more profitable andgave higher monetary returns (Rs. 58,426 ha )as compared to flate bed method of sowing (Rs.54,116 ha ).

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Bael + Turmeric

Agri-silviculture systemD. sissoo + Wheat (Fertilizer dose)

Open condition recorded significantlyhigher yield (17.88 q ha ) as compared todifferent pruning treatment and no pruning.Among different pruning intensity, 75% pruningrecorded maximum yield (16.00 q ha ) Nopruning recorded significantly lowest yield(11.10 q ha ). It is concluded that, managedagroforestry system is more profitable (Rs.23,509 ha ) than growing of crop alone (Rs.11,007 ha ) and unmanaged agroforestrysystem i.e., no pruning (Rs. 19,549 ha ). Undermanaged agroforestry system i.e. growing ofcrop with different pruning intensities, wheat +

in 25% pruning is more profitable andgave higher return (Rs. 25465 ha ) ascompared to 50% pruning (Rs. 23348 ha ) and75% pruning (Rs.21714 ha ).

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D. sissoo + Wheat Wheat alone



MPTS

Agro-forestry Management

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Dalbergiasissoo

Dalbergia sissoo

Dalbergiasissoo+late sown

In provenance trial of babul, () at the age of 9 month Firojpur

provenance recorded significantly higherplant height (77.97 cm) and collard iamete r (10 .79 mm) B i l aspurprovenance recorded significantly highernumber of branches (20.89) per plant.

In provenance trial of Shisham () at the age of 6 months.

Provenance T6 (PT6) and T7 (PT2)received f rom Jhansi recordedsignificantly higher plant height (57.93and 57.20 cm) and collar diameter (4.71and 4.99 mm) as compared to otherprovenances.

Under 12 year old agri-silviculture system( + paddy) significantlyhigher grain yield of paddy was recordedin open condition (39.86 q ha ) where asno pruning recorded the lowest grain yield(15.06 q ha ).

75% pruning recorded significantly highergrain yield (32.50 q ha ) followed by 50%pruning (27.16 q ha ) and 25% pruning(20.97 q ha ).

Paddy variety MR-219 recordedsignificantly higher grain yield (29.37 q ha) than variety IR- 36 (26.88 q ha ) andVariety GWL- 32100 (24.08 q ha ).

Paddy + sissoo in 50% pruning is moreprofitable (Rs. 32,874 ha ) as comparedto 25% pruning (Rs. 30,900 ha ) and 75%pruning's (Rs.30,728 ha ).

Guava + Mustard open conditionrecorded significantly higher grain yield ofmustard (632.73 kg ha ). pruning(deheading) at 1.0 m height recordedsignificantly higher yield (544.21 kg ha )

Under Agrisilviculture system (wheat) significantly

higher grain yield of wheat crop wasrecorded in open condition (1892 kg ha )

Among different pruning intensities, 75%

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pruning recorded significantly highergrain yield (1700 kg ha ) as compare toother pruning intensities.

Wheat variety GW-273 recordedsignificantly higher grain yield (1778 kgha ) closely followed by MP-3020 (1617kg ha ) but superior to variety GW-266.

Agrisilviculture system gave significantlyhigher monetary returns (Rs.29003ha )as compared to growing of crop alone(Rs. 15126 ha ) and tree alone (Rs.14,531 ha ).

recorded significantly higher grain yield(1751 kg ha ) at par with 50% pruning butsignificantly superior to 25% pruning andno pruning).

Among different Wheat varieties, MP-3173 recorded significantly higher grainyield (1720 kg ha ).

Managed Agrisilviculture system wheat +D. sissoo in 25% pruning gave highermonetary return (Rs. 29,175 ha ) ascompared to other pruning treatments butsignificantly higher to tree alone (Rs.14531 ha ) and crop alone (Rs.15126ha ).

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Under Agrisilviculture system (wheat) Open

condition recorded significantly highergrain yield (1949 kg ha ).Among differentpruning intensities, 75% pruning

Dalbergiasissoo+normal sown

Jawahar Guggul Blazer for sustainabletapping of Guggul

Jawahar Guggul Blazer


Designed –anew tapping device for sustainable harvestingof . Guggul gum is collected aftermaking a sharp incision on the bark of

plant. In the absence of aspecialised tapping device and overtapping theplant is being pushed to RET category in India.

has a high carbonsteel roller blade(5 mm wide and 3.5 cmdiameter) fitted to a steel shaft (145 mm longand 10 mm diameter) with its distal holder 35mm long and 20 mm wide. The roller blademoves freely on its axle is fitted in the 28 mmgrove on the distal end of the shaft. The sharp

Guggul

Commiphora wightii



blade is 2.0 mm long and 0.5 mm wide with 1.5mm flat rim on its either side of the blade. Therim on the either side of the blade acts as astopper preventing the sharp blade from

travelling beyond 2.0 mm depth in the barkeven on application of pressure during tapping.The inventor of hasfiled provisional application for patent of thedevice.

Nutraceutical biscuits rich in protein andcalcium could be developed from refinedwheat flour with 20% full fat soya flour,30% ragi and 5-10 % skimmed milkpowder. The product contained 50% moreprotein and 7-10 times more calcium thannormal biscuits made from wheat flouralone.

Microbial pigments could be synthesizedusing rice bran oil and cotton oil cakes asa carbon and nitrogen source and thesepigments could be utilized safely in theje l l ies and candies for qua l i tyimprovement.

Blanching of cauliflower using 0.75%potassium meta-bisulphite followed by


2.9 Food Sciencel

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5% brine solution was satisfactory andthe product dried in cabinet drier wasfound to be more acceptable thansundried.

Therapeutic biscuits could be developedusing 20% wheat bran, 15% psylliumhusk and 10% soya okara to enrich withfibre and micronutrients (manganese andzinc) and the product was acceptable.

The nutritious flour developed fromwheat: chick pea flour (80 : 20), wheat :full fat soya flour(90 : 10), wheat :chickpea : soya flour (80 : 10 : 10) andwheat : chickpea : soya flour : methi leafpowder (75 : 10 : 10: 05) were foundsuitable for missi chapatti. Theseproducts were rich in protein, calcium,and Iron.

Ready to drink and spray dried powdermade from soya – cow milk in the ratio of30 : 70 with sugar and bifido-bacteriumculture gave a good result to make drinkand spray dried powder.

100% Aloevera gel was most effectivecoating to enhance the shelf life of guavaup to 15 days without losing their physic-chemical characteristics. Hence, it couldbe considered the safest coating material.

The “paustikatta” developed from wheatand processed soya flour in the ratio of90:10 gave a good result to makechapattis. The flour had highest amountof proteins (15-16%) and good amount ofminerals and fibers. The storability of flourwas also good for three months withoutany deleterious effects.

A low cost supplementary food forchildren in the form of “panjiri” could bemade from wheat flour and soya flour inthe ratio of 80:20 and 10% skimmed milkpowder. This product had high biologicalvalue proteins with good amount ofm i n e r a l s , m a i n l y c a l c i u m a n dphosphorous.

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2.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC STUDIESAiling Agricultural Productivity in MadhyaPradesh.l

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The agr icul tura l product iv i ty ineconomically fragile regions of the stateare since long remained ailing althoughpresent uncommon opportunities forbecoming fertile crescent. Croppingpattern has remained almost static.Growth in food grain production isconsistently growing and yield of majorcrops during 2000-05 are growing by 2-5% per annum. The forecasts for onedecade (2005-15) using ARIMA modelshows that food grain production andyield also expected to grow by 1-2%annually. This poses serious questionsfor the food and nutritional security of poorfarmers where population growth is morethan 2%.

Factors responsible for ailing agriculturalproductivity are relatively low priorities ofpublic expenditure in agriculture,technological (seed replacement ratebetween 5 to 20% depending on crops,slowed down fertilizer consumptiongrowth, volatility in growth of irrigatedarea), infrastructural (un-surfaced ruralroads, poor electr ic i ty supply) ,institutional (lengthy procedure or ruledebarring marginal farmers for accessinginstitutional credit, poor access toextension activities), farmers not gettingrequired benefits of the governmentschemes etc. These interlockinginequalities need serious overhauling forkeeping the food growers in the stateafloat.

Farmer's economic capacity largelydepends on the public investment in road,research and extension, energy,irrigation, credit, education and health,many of which directly affect the cropproductivity and therefore there is anurgent need to improve the synergyamong these socio-economic, techno-logical and institutional variables.

Economic Impact of Bt. Cotton

Evaluation Study of the Bringing GreenRevolution to Eastern India (BGREI)

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The visible economic impact of Bt cottonproduction technology was observed interms of productivity and profitabilitywhich enhanced by 56 and 100%respectively. Marketing efficiency andbetter resource use efficiency was alsoobserved despite of over 19% increasedin cost of cultivation when compared withnon-Bt Cotton.

The indirect benefits such as moreinvestment in other inputs, higher femalelabour participation (16%) and reductionin farmers risk (C.V. reduced by 1.50%)were also observed. Thus, GMOtechnology is beneficial for meeting outthe growing demand for cotton fiber andfor safety of environment, if pesticides areused judiciously.

The study conducted in Bastar, Durg andBilaspur districts of Chhattisgarh covering allthe agro ecological regions viz; shallow lowland, hybrid and irrigated traditional. Tenfarmers from each ecological region wereselected for collection of primary data.Secondary data was collected from BGREICell, Raipur (C.G.). Results shows that Theproject did not get much success in the studyarea; although the farmers replaced their localvarieties with high yielding and hybrid varietiesof paddy but still there was a considerable yieldgap over the potential yield of the paddy. Thecost of micro nutrients and other inputsincluding fertilizer gave negative but nonsignificant response over the yield of rice. Allthe ecological regions shallow low land,hybrid and irrigated traditional had significantimpact on the productivity of the crop. In light ofthe above findings, it is suggested thatimproved package of practice of rice includingbalance use of fertilizer and other inputs shouldalso be demonstrated in the field. Efforts shouldbe made to enhance the productivity level ofrice to reach its full potential. Managerial skillsof the farmers should also be developed fortheir betterment.

viz.



Impact of NREGA in Chhattisgarh andMadhya PradeshThe study was conducted in Mahasamund,Kabeerdham, Kanker, Korba and Durg districtsof Chhattisgarh. From every district 20beneficiaries and 5 non-beneficiariesrespondents were selected and in total primarydata regarding implementation of the NREGAwere collected from 250 respondents. Findingsshows increasing trends were found in case oftotal man days employment generated,irrigation facilities developed while decreasingtrend was observed in rural connectivity &water conservation. Problem related to creationof work at gross root level was observed.Employment of weaker section strengthenedthe health of post office & commercial banks.The employment other than NREGA andhousehold size were found significant over theparticipation in NREGA. It is suggested thatprogramme should be tuned up with C-DAP foreffective and efficient implementation. Properand timely proposals from Gram Sabha mustreach to District Panchayat for its approval.Clear cut bottom level planning andinvolvement of planners in the policyimplication needed. The quality andmaintenance of assets needs more attention inthe coming years so that the investment madewould not go futile.

The primary data was collected from fivedistricts viz; Morena, Chhindwara, Sidhi, Dharand Sagar respectively from the North, South,East, West and Central direction of the State.20 beneficiaries and 5 non-beneficiaries wereselected from each district. Study reveals thatout of total man days generated employment,increasing trend were observed in case of othercastes i.e. 35.37, 36.17 and 37.21 per cent inthe year 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11respectively whereas decreasing trend wasnoticed in case of scheduled tribes & scheduledcastes i.e. 64.63, 63.82 and 62.79 per cent inthe year 2008-09, 2009.10 and 2010-11respectively. Employment for women duringlast three years from 2008-09 to 2010-11were found to be increasing and reported as43.28, 44.23 and 44.40 respectively.Decreasing trend was noticed in case of household completed 100 days employment and

i.e.

recorded as 8.72, 6.01 and 4.10 per cent in theyears 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11respectively. The remarkable difference wasnoticed that the wage earners were found to bemore in case of beneficiaries (68.5%) ascompared to non beneficiaries (42%). Theemployment other than NREGA and value ofHH assets were found to be negative andsignificant, while HH size found to be positiveand highly significant over participation of theHH in NREGA. The value of HH assets was alsofound positive and significant. The variables,HH income other than NREGA, dummy of SC,ST & OBC shown positive and highly significantassociation with number of days per HH workedin NREGA. Dummy of AAY card holding wasfound negative and significant. Very fewnumber of members were found to be migratedfrom the village (0.31 person) and returns back(0.14 person) in the village in the year 2009 inMadhya Pradesh. Looking to the above findingsit is suggested that the efforts to be made forwall writing, posters, hoardings and nationallevel advertisement to targeted the genuineNREGA workers or potential workers. There isneed to enhance engagement of gram sabhafor effective accountability and transparency.The provision of ATM machines at a cluster ofvillages/ block headquarters are also neededfor timely payment. There is need to look at theplans from an integrated perspective where theworks of NREGA can be converged with otherline departments.

The study was conducted in Vidisha (NFSM)and Sehore (Non NFSM) districts of MadhyaPradesh. The districts were selected on thebasis of highest area covered under the pulses.The 50 respondents from each district wereselected for collection of primary data.Districtwise secondary data were also collectedfor all the major pulses grown in MadhyaPradesh. Findings of the study shown positiveimpact of NFSM as area and production hasbeen increased. The cultivation of pulses(Gram, Lentil, tur, urid) were found to beprofitable over competing crops (Soybean,Wheat) in the State. The area of Pulses

Possibilities and Constraints in increasingPulses Production in M.P. and impact ofNFSM on Pulses



increased 19.11 percent in the year 2008-09over the year 2006-07, while the gram, lentil,urid area were increased by 18.54%, 19.61%and 39.60% respectively. Incidence of pest &Diseases, lack of irrigation facilities, irregularsupply of power, lack of desired improvedvarieties seed, Lack of knowledge ofrecommended package of practice were mainconstraints in production of pluses n the studyarea. On the basis of above findings it issuggested that required resistance varieties ofdifferent pulses must be grown in the State.Other Pulse growing districts should also beincluded in this programme. Priorities must begiven to remove the exiting constraints.

The genomic DNA of 21 isolates ofisolated from fresh mycelium of

fungus were grown in Richard's solution andsubjected to amplification with RAPD and ISSRmarkers for diversity analysis.The analysis ofmolecular variation (AMOVA) revealedapparent differences in partitioning of variationwithin and among isolates. Both the markersystems showed greater variance within

isolates than among regions.RAPD (91%) produced more variation betweenthe isolates as compared to ISSR (75%).

For the regeneration studies in chickpeafrom different explants, immature cotyledonarynodes and embryonic axis were cultured on MSmedium supplemented with differentconcentration and combination of auxins andcytokinins. Two factors, which affected theembryogenesis frequency of chickpea, aregenotype interaction X culture media and typeof explants.

Ten SSR markers were analyzed for confirmingthat, male sterility is controlled by a singledominant 2 gene in five wheat hybrids and

3.AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGYMolecular Diversity analysis among

(Tassi) Goidisolates causing Charcoal Rot of Soybean

Studies on morphogenesis ofchickpea

Molecular basis of cytoplasmic malesterility in wheat

Macrophominaphaseolina

in vitro

M.phaseolina

M.phaseolina

in vitro

Ms

their five male sterile parental lines. SSRmarkers were found to be linked with 2 geneand located on chromosome arm 4DS. Themale sterility gene was also linked to 1gene which is responsible for dwarfness incommon wheat.

Ms

Rht-d c

Cytoplasmic male sterility in wheat: SSR profileof DNA amplification products generated on

Cloning and sequencing of bacterialphytase geneTwo strains of NCDC-070 andNCIM-2712 were chosen for cloning andsequencing of gene. The genesequences revealed an ORF of 928 bp codingfor 309 aa and 826 bp coding for 275 aa for

strains NCIM-2712 and NCDC-070respectively. The sequences were comparedwith reference sequence it showed 6nucleotide and 3 amino acids variations. The

gene of NCIM-2712 had 99%similarity with NCDC-070 at nucleotide level aswell as at amino acid level.

Bacillus subtilis

phy phy

Bacillus

phy B. subtilis

based on nucleotide sequences



Production of bioethanol from wastepotatoesThe findings indicated that with the applicationof SSF method, maximum bioethanol yield(13.45 g/100 ml medium) was obtained atincubation temperature of 30° C after 120 hr ofincubation period using yeast whereas it wasfound to be 14.17 g/100 ml of medium at aincubation temperature of 35° C with 120 hr ofincubation period using bacteria. The findingsalso indicated that SiSF method of fermentationwas found to be relatively better than that ofSSF method for achieving maximum recoveryand better quality of bioethanol.

G e n o m i c D N A w a s i s o l a t e d f r o msyringae MTCC-2730 strain.

Primers were designed from known publishedsequence of MOK1(AY156083) to amplify gene in the strainunder investigation. Approximate 470bpampl icon generated by PCR wassuccessfully cloned in InsTA (pTZ57R/T)

Cloning and sequencing of gene fromphyPseudomonas syringae

Pseudomonas

Pseudomonas syringaephy

Studies on sonicated assisted -mediated transformation in soybean( L. Merrill)AgrobacteriumGlycine max

An efficient regeneration protocol from cotyledonary nodes and embryonic axis explants excisedfrom immature seeds ofJS 335 and JS 93-05 wasdeveloped. Cotyledonary node and embryonic axisexplants were transformed with 1:20 dilution culturesof two strains of(EHA105 and GV3101) carrying two different binaryvectors, with sonication in a range of duration of 1 to30s. The PCR analysis with repV and repC primerswas validated through colony PCR of A.

containing pBinAR-antisense Repwhich amplified a 566bp long sequence of viralgene. The same size band was obtained in positivecontrol and four samples of putative transformants.All the transformants obtained from transformationswith both the strains of were alsoanalyzed with primer set of CaMV35S promoter andan amplified fragment of about 195bp was obtainedin all the putative transformants along with positivecontrol. All the putative transformants selected asantibiotic resistant were found positive in molecularanalysis indicating towards the success of thepresent investigation.

Agrobacteriumtume-faciens

Tumefaciensrep

Agrobacterium

(i) L-100 bp Molecular weight market(ii) Lane 1-PCR product generated employing primer pairPs-F1and Ps-R2 From gemomic DNA onMTCC-2730 on 1.4% agarose gel electrophoresis(iii) Lane 2 - Negative control

P. syringae

cloning vector and sequenced. The sequenceof 463 bp gene fragment was obtained thatshowed sequence similarity of 29.2% with the

MOK1 (reference sequence). In theobtained sequence, primer regions were foundto be conserved among MTCC-2730 and the reference sequence.

phyP.

syringae

P. syringae



Polymorphism studies of markers linked forFusarium wilt resistance in ckickpeagermplasm:

A total of 15 SSR (microsatellite) markerspresent on linkage group 2 were chosen on thebasis of the linkage to fusarium wilt resistanceloci. All the markers used for screening werefound polymorphic. All the genotypes wereclustered in three major groups. All the groupshaving both susceptible and resistantgenotypes. Fusarium wilt resistance in chickpea germplasm

SSR amplification product by primer GA16resolved on 4% PAGE

Polymorphism studies of markers linked forAscochyta blight resistance in chickpeagermplasmA total of 19 SSR (microsatellite) markerspresent on linkage group 4 were chosen on thebasis of the published microsatellite primersfrom chickpea genome linked to Ascochytablight resistance loci. These primers setsamplified total 69 loci with an average3.63±0.82. Out of these 19 markers, 14 markersfound polymorphic and 5 were foundmonomorphic. The genetic dissimilarity SSRmarkers ranged from 3% to 37%.This indicate avery low to high genome diversity for Ascochytaresistance controlling loci.

Among all the carbon and nitrogen sources inthe study, the combination of RG : CSOC (Ricegrits : Cotton seed oil cake) resulted in thehighest total yield of microbial pigments in both

Production of microbial pigments usingMonascusruber

SSF and SmF methods. The pattern of thinlayer chromatography (TLC) indicated that theextracted pigment contained three majorcomponents in the extracts obtained from boththe methods of fermentation.

The tobacco leaf discs were transformed in twodifferent growth regulator combinations of co-cultivation medium for different cocultivationduration. There was no significant difference ofco-cultivation medium found on transformationfrequency but there was effect found onregeneration of co-cultivated leaf discs.Molecular analysis clearly indicated theintegration of the transgenes to the tobaccohost genome. Although, the transformationefficiency was less i.e. approximately 10% butthis could serve as a sound basis to prove thesuccess of genetic transformation of tobacco inthe present investigation.

Studies on –mediated genetic transformation in tobacco

Agrobacterium tumifaciens

Phylogenetic analysis of gene from various isolatesphy Bacillus subtilis



Histochemical GUS assay in leaf discs after 3 days(a) Leaf discs cocultivated for 10 min (b) for 5 min and (c) control

PCR analysis of 9 kanamycin resistanttobacco plants for presence of antisence Rep

gene with gene specific primer Rep C & V

4. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING4.1 SOIL & WATER ENGINEERINGGround Water Recharge in Narmada BasinGround water recharge is assessed for 6districts covering upper Narmada basin with ageographical areas of 35 lakh ha. It is 4.449 Mham which is equivalent to 12.84 cm depth overbasin and nearly 10 percent of the normalrainfall. District wise assessment is useful fordeciding strategies for further development ofground water and its management.

Status of CommandArea of RABSPApplication efficiency (Ea), distributionefficiency (Ed) and conveyance efficiency (Fe)were determined for four minors namelyJamunia, Jhansi, Pipariya, and Dulhakheda. Eaand Ed were found satisfactory but Ec has beenfound very poor due to siltation and seepage inminor, poor conditions of control structures, low

man power availability for operation andmaintenance and timely unavailability ofirrigation water should be improved.

Jamunia minorEnrichment of Ground Water Bank throughHaveli SystemAnnual Ground Water recharge through Havelifields estimated to be 26 cm at 30% probabilitylevel. Further, remaining storage water may beused for injecting directly through rechargeshaft during post monsoon period (SMW 37 to42) with an intake rate of 4.9 cm hr . Thecatchment area of Haveli may be increased bydiverting runoff from an area equal to two timesof available area for storage.

A laboratory experiment was conductedfor evaluation of a suitable filter withcombination of different size of gravel,sand and coir. As water passing rate ismost affected by the depth of sand bed,

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therefore, three different depths weretried. A fixed depth of coir (10cm) wastaken between sand and pea gravel.

In all water filters with coir pad as part ofwater filter had lower water passing ratei.e. 15.25 lph than water filters without coirpad which had water passing rate as16.94 lph.

The study of water passing rate undervarious mud concentration (8,10,12,14and 16 mg l ) levels indicated that all mudconcentration levels differ significantlyamong themselves, the water passingrate decreases as mud concentrationlevel increases.

In all water filters with coir pad as part ofwater filter had lower value of turbidity i.e.22.33 NTU than water filters without coirpad which had turbidity as 32.26 NTU.

In case of long duration (24 hrs)experiment, water filter 10 cm sand depthexhibited significantly higher water passrate (12.35 lph) and water filter with coirpad and 30 cm sand thickness hadsignificantly lower (9.97 lph) water passrate than rest of the water filters.

Ground water Assessment study isconducted in Upper Narmada Basin,comprises of five revenue districtsnamely Mandla, Dindori, Jabalpur,Narsighpur and Hoshangabad.

Based on the existing method of groundwater computation namely water levelfluctuation method proposed by GEC1997 the ground water recharge duringmonsoon comes to be 56525, 59843,75431 and 79743 ha m for Dindori,Mandla, Jabalpur, Narsinghpur andHoshangabad districts respectively.

While going through the entire process ofground water recharge estimation it wasobserved that firstly, the unit ofassessment should be a hydrological unitinstead of a block which is presently beingtaken, secondly, the specific yield value

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Ground water Assessment in Alluvial Areasof Narmada River Basinl

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should be derived from a iso-specific yieldmap as against discrete values being inuse presently, thirdly, the frequency ofobservation wells should be represen-tative of the underground strata i.e. morewells should be there in moreheterogeneous area.,

A GIS based method is proposed andused to compute ground water recharge.The values for ground water rechargewere computed as 94570, 116405,108163, 130849 ha m for Dindori,Mandla, Jabalpur, Katni, Narsinghpurand Hoshangabad districts respectively.

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Water Level Fluctuation Contours of Mandla Districtfor 2008 Management of Canal Command –

a Conjunctive use approach

Planning of Conjunctive use of surface andground water in various canal commandsl Three blocks of the district Jabalpur are

irrigated by the L.B.C. of RABS projectviz. Bargi, Shahapura and Patan. Thedesigned potential command area is51376 ha but the actual irrigation is only in8399 ha. Reasons for less irrigation areseepage from canals, rising water tablepoor or almost nil water courses, and nofunctioning of WUAs. Seepage in Lalpurand Khulri minor command area iscreating havoc. In order to control waterlogging strategy of implementation ofConjunctive use of surface and groundwater in high water table areas wasplanned.

In order to evaluate the irrigation systemphysical, financial, maintenance andsustainability parameters were computedfor Jhansi, Jamuniya, Pipariya and

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Dulhakheda minor commands during theyear 2009-10. It was found that Jhansiminor command area has very poorperformance and therefore the study wasconcentrated this year on Jhansi minor.An intensive water balance study wascarried out on this command.

The water available through minor supplyinto the command area 41.21 ha m andfrom tube well 5.50 ha m. Inflow in theform of rainfall is 3.91 ha m, seepage fromminor is 36.94 ha m and irrigation fromminor is 40 ha m respectively.

Outflow for monsoon and non monsoonperiod in the form of evapotranspirationfrom cultivated land is 63.4, 56.22 ha mand evaporation from uncultivated land is0, 0 ha m, surface runoff is 137.77, 0 ha m,ground water draft 0.50, 5.50 ha m,change in soil moisture storage is 39.93,39.93 ha m and subsurface flow is 0, 0 ham respectively.

For the year 2009 monsoon and nonmonsoon period inflow in the form ofrainfall is 293.28 ha m, 28.16 ha m,seepage from minor is 0 and 38 ha m andirrigation from minor is 0 and 41.21 ha mrespectively.

There is a large variation of pH (8.42 to10.75), EC (51.0 to 208.0 µs/cm), Ironcontent (0.11 to 8.10 mg/l), Coppercontent (0.19 to 2.71 mg/l), Fluoride (0.05to 7.52 mg/l) and dissolved oxygen (0.1 to0.9 measured for water samples atdifferent location.

The water samples collected from the

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Studies on Ground Water PollutionA survey was conduced to assess thesurface water quality in Narshingpur andJabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh.Water sample were collected fromSingledeep, Mahjholi, Indrana, mahjoliRoad, Pipariya, Singode, Sihoda andSukha villages of Narsingpur andJabalpur district during September.

villages Majhouli Road, Majhauli, Singodand Sihoda shows pH above permissiblelimits hence should not be injecteddirectly to the ground water. Rest of thesamples are in permissible limits andhence may be used for direct recharge.

Water Qualityl A study on water quality in Narsinghpur

district showed deterioration during theperiod of 40 years.Another study on waterpollution in different Nalas of Jabalpurdistrict showed high pollutants of Na, Cu,Cr, SO , Fe, HO , Cl TH in the source.Water quality index given by Brown et al(1975) was based on weighted arithmeticmethod indicating higher value of index aspoorer quality of water. Ground waterquality index of 51.52 at Motinala has thepoorest water quality and soils irrigated byMoti nala water are found higher in totalalkalinity.

4 3

Water quality index after Brown (1975)et al.

Treatment Groundwater

sample

Surfacewater

sample

Ratio ofGW to

Surfacewater

Dairy waste 43.5 66.93 0.67UrdanaNala

47.30 61.53 0.77

Moti Nala 51.52 76.65 0.67VehicleFactory

40.48 59.44 0.68

KrishiNagar Farm

31.18 43.48 0.71

Agricultural Thematic Mapping on GISPlatforml Up gradation of Agricultural attribute

maps (24 nos.) of Sindh basin.

Conversion of land use land cover map ofSindh Basin (2.75 M ha) from raster tovector and finally in shape file format asper desired by PICU.

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Land Use Thematic Maps of Tons basin andSindh Basin

Land use/Land cover map of Tons andSindh Basin are prepared under AgriculturalThematic mapping unit as a component ofMadhya Pradesh Water Sector RestructuringProject at JNKVV Jabalpur. Tons basin coversan area of 1.25 Mha comprising of five districts.The map is prepared using 35 satelliteimageries on the basis of toposheets (Survey ofIndia) of IRSP6 – LISS III camera merged withPAN data and several ground observationthroughout the tons basin during the year 2007-08 and 2008-09.

Sindh basin covers an area of 2.75 M hacomprising of nine districts. The map isprepared using 5 satellite imageries (full-scene)of IRSP6 – LISS III camera and several groundobservation throughout the basin during theyear 2008-09 and 2009-10.

These Remote Sensing and GIS basedmaps are supplied to the department of WaterResources, Govt. of MP which are to be furtherused for decision support system in watersector restructuring program.



Crop classification of crop map as per theground truth made at different training sites(Katani, Vijayraghogarh and Maihar Block).cover 74882.84 ha.

Filtering and cleaning of land use land covermap of Tons basin (1.24 M ha) as therequirement of PICU.

The furrow openers for the tractor drawn tillplant machines was designed, developed andtested at CAE for different crops and it is foundto be suitable for black cotton soil. The fieldcapacity of the machine was found to be 0.489ha hr . Total time required for tillage and sowingoperations was 72.27% less than conventionalmethod i.e. (cultivator x 1 + disc harrow *1+seed drill x 1). Whereas, the yield and cost ofoperation found to be 6.4% more than zerotillage machine and Rs.346 .

4.2 FARM MACHINERYAND POWERDesign and Development of FurrowOpeners for Till Plant Machine

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Studies on vibrational characteristics ofdifferent tractor seatsStudies on vibrational characteristics ofdifferent tractor seats were conducted fordifferent operations to study the seatingdimensions of selected tractor seats, based onanthropometric considerations of Indianoperators and BIS recommendations.Determination of mechanical properties ofselected rubber materials for vibration isolationand for design and develop suitable vibrationisolators for tractor seat, based on mechanicaland vibrational considerations. Also evaluatethe performance of vibration isolators forcomfort of tractor operators, under differentoperating conditions. Therefore, it wasrecommend comparatively an efficient vibrationisolating material, for tractor seat based onvibration transmitted under different operatingconditions and speeds. It was found that underthe laboratory study that the whole bodyvibrations transmitted at tractor seat-operatorinterface concluded that about 90% of vibrationattenuation (maximum) can be achieved byusing isolators of different rubber materials fordifferent tractor seats, at corresponding enginespeeds. WBV transmitted at tractor seat-operator interface by using rubber isolators ofnatural, neoprene and SBR materials indicatedthat vibration attenuation under various fieldconditions i.e. tar road, farm road and ploughingoperation, to about 16.2% by SBR; 26.28% byneoprene and 13.41% by neoprene in mostsevere ver t ica l d i rec t ion . However,amplification in vibration was also observedunder farm road for lateral acceleration. Thecost of vibration isolators is about Rs. 50 perpiece only.

Design and development of garlic planterAgarlic planter was developed with mechanicaland ergonomical considerations. It was foundthat the field capacity was 0.0169 to 0.0173 haper hour with labor requirements of 95 man

. The cost of operation was found to beRs.1444 ha whereas, the cost of manualplanting required Rs. 4500-5000 ha as well as535 man for planting of garlic. It can also

hrha

hr ha

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Garlic Planter



be used for sowing garlic, maize, green gram,peas etc.

Roto till drill

Feasibility evaluation of 8 Row selfpropelled Rice TransplanterSelf propelled rice transplanter is very useful fortransplanting the paddy seedlings in 8 rows in asingle pass. The transplanter was tested in 9 haarea in 11 farmers fields. This machine workswell in light soil areas. It is essential that the fieldshould well puddled and leveled for goodresults. Flat type nursery is required fortransplanting the seedlings. The machinesaves 50 % time and labour for transplanting ascompared to tradit ional methods oftransplanting and 88 % farmers were satisfiedwith the performance of the machine.

8-row self-propelled rice transplanter

Feasibility Testing of Tractor Operated RotoTill Drill

Feasibility evaluation of tractor mountedPneumatic planter

Feasibility evaluation of tractor operatedaero blast sprayer

This machine does the work of fine seed bedpreparation and sowing simultaneously in asingle pass. The machine is quit heavy hence atractor of 45-50 HP is essential to worksatisfactory. The area covered by this machinewas 26 ha and numbers of beneficiary farmerswere 60. This works well for early sowing ofcrop in field where weed infestation is less.

This is a precision type planting machine usefulfor sowing of costly seeds at proper plant toplant and row to row spacing. It has six numbersof seed boxes and separate seed meteringmechanism. This machine saves about 20 %seeds. This machine can also be used forintercropping. The area covered by thismachine was 22 ha on 14 farmers field. Thismachine uses succession pressure for lifting ofseeds and if proper succession is notdeveloped for succession pressure leaks, theseed will not be lifted.

The machine is operated with the help of 35 HPtractors. It has 400 liter tank for storing chemicalsolution. This machine can be used for pestcontrol in tall crops and orchards trees. Themachine was tested and demonstrated in 22 haarea. The field capacity of machine is quitehigh; it can cover 10 -15 ha day . The farmersare satisfied with its performance. The mainbreak-down is observed in cross pulley belt.

CIAE

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Aero blast sprayer in operation

Tractor drawn Pneumatic Planter

Tractor operated vertical conveyor reaperl

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Machine demonstrated in 63 ha cropNo. of farmers covered : 44Machine found suitable for harvestingwheat crop.

Tractor operated vertical conveyor reaper

Tractor drawn raised bed planter inoperation for sowing groundnutThis machine is suitable for harvesting of wheatand paddy crops. It has two meter length cutterbar, which cuts the crops and wind rows areformed. The area covered under demonstrationwas 36 ha and numbers of farmers benefitedwere 44.

Raised bed planter

4.3 Renewable Sources of Energy forAgriculture andAgro based Industries

IDBG cook stove: IDBG cook stove with 4different fuels vizwood, CoconutShell, Jatrophashell and pigeonp e a s t a l k srevealed highlys a t i s f a c t o r yperformance withthermal efficiencyof 28% to 33% atburning rate of 0.9to 1.4 kg ha andfuel saving of 39to 48% againstthe conventionalcook stove.

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Demonstrations of flow through PaddyThresherThis thresher is useful for threshing of paddycrop. The whole paddy straw can be recoveredwithout breakage. The grain recovery is 3.5 -4.00 q hour . The operation of thresher wasdemonstrated for 60 hours and quantity of cropthreshed was 230 q.

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Field evaluation of modified durable singleand double pot cook stoveThe construction and operation of modifieddurable single and double pot cook stove wereconducted at village Hathana, block Panagar.The female beneficiaries liked the constructiontechnique and smokeless operation of thestoves. The thermal efficiency of the cookstoves ranged between 17- 21%.

fruits. This machine does not require any powerexcept a man to feed the fruits in the grader. Theoutput capacity of machine is 1200 kg hour .The unit cost of machine is Rs. 15,000. Theefficiency of machine is in the rage of 90-95%depending upon the roundness of fruits.

A power operated pea shelling machine hasbeen developed for shelling of green pea pods.The capacity of machine is 60 kg hour shellingof pod at 98 % shelling efficiency. The unit costof operation is Rs. 40 hour . The machine yieldsa time saving of 900 % over tradition manualpeeling method and also a saving of Rs. 2772day in terms of labour cost is reported ascompare to traditional manual peeling method.At reduced women drudgery the capacity ofpeeling increased from 2 - 3 kg person hour tomore than 30 kg person hour .

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Power Operated Pea Shelling Machine:

Post Harvest Process and FoodEngineeringManually operated Water chestnutDecorticatorThis machine is used for decortication of drychestnut (Singhara) with the help of twopersons. The output capacity of machine is 60kg hour and the shelling efficiency is 99 %. Thecost of machine is Rs. 2,500 the machine canbe purchased from College of AgriculturalEngineering, JNKVV, Jabalpur.

This machine is useful for sorting and grading of

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Effect of soaking time on dal recovery andmilling efficiency of arhar dal

Processing technique of three medicinalcrops, Safed Musli (

), Satawar () and Ashwagandha (

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The over all milling efficiency improvedsignificantly when the arhar dal wassoaked for 1 hour at ambient temperature.The highest milling efficiency recordedi.e. 75.72% for arhar dal. When thesamples are soaked 2 hour & 3 hourrespectively and observed millingefficiency were 73.9% & 73.5%.

The observations further show that the dalrecovery resulted the highest i.e. 61.6%for arhar dal. The dal recovery was 52% &55.4%, when the samples are soaked 2hour and 3 hour respectively.

It can be conclude that difference in dalrecovery between 1 hour and 2 hour is9.6% and between 2 hour and 3 hour is3.4% and between 1 hour and 3 hour is5.6%

After preconditioning treatment, likedrying the moisture content should be12% on d.b. above or below this m.c.reduces the performance of mill.

The soaking time should be 1 hour fortreated pigeon pea for best milling results.In short, for improving the performance ofCFTRI dal mill, use of treated precondi-tioned pigeon pea is recommended.

Best milling results are obtained whenArhar is soaked for 1 hour, sun dried for 1day and grinded at ambient temperature.Milling efficiency is better as compared to2 hour and 3 hour soaking.

Fresh Ashwagandha root when dried inshed took about 840 min. for 22.75%moisture depletion in the temperaturerange of 30-32 C.

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ChlorophytumBorivil l ianum RauwolfiaSerpentina WithaniaSomnifera

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In sun drying it took about 360 min. for 22-24% moisture depletion and thetemperature lies in the range of 40-42 C.

When samples were dried in cabinet dryerwith an air velocity of 1.4 – 1.6 m/s. it tookabout 195min.for 48.90% moisturedepletion and temperature lies in therange of 52-61 C with the R.H from 51.5-26.5.

When the samples were dried in cabinetdryer with an air velocity of 1.8-2.0 m/s. itwas observed that 52% moisturedepletion occurs in about 195 min. andthe temperature lies in the range of 55-61.9 C and the relative humidity from 39-26.

Maximum. Withanolide-A (0.079%) andWithanolide-B (0.005%) content wasobserved when the samples were dried inhot air cabinet dryer.

The different drying condition does affectthe lightness of the dried product.

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o

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Intact (a) and split (b) satawar root dried under direct sun drying method

Intact (a) and split (b) Satawar root dried under shed drying method

4.4 INSTRUMENTATIONPatent

Patent has been granted for developedinvention entitled “Asensing device for use witha tractor” in accordance with the provision of the

p a t e n t A c t 1 0 9 0 . A p p l i c a t i o n N o .746/DEL/1997. Patent filed through the fundingagency. i.e. Secretary, Department ofElectronics, Government of India, Inventorsare: A.K. Rai, K. Sivadasan and S.N. Murty.Patent No. 232368.



5. Status of Seed, Plant, Fruit and Medicinal Plants productionKHARIF

Crop 2009 -10 2010 -11

1. Soybean 3496.00 4281.782. Pigeonpea 230.00 315.003. Paddy 1783.00 5182.204. Niger 13.05 17.50

5. G. Nut 11.00 -6. Kodo 3.20 12.757. Kutki 2.22 3.958. Maize 52.00 76.009. Sesame 9.18 24.1210 Urad 20.25 101.8211 Mung 20.30 27.25

(Quintal)RABI

Crop 2009 -10 2010 -11

1. Wheat 8649.00 9797.382. Barley 49.99 43.003. Chickpea 2263 1564.304. Mustard 338.63 274.575. Niger 2.80 6.806. Linseed 61.53 47.297. Lentil 135.30 34.668. Berseem 28.70 29.459. Oat 30.00 50.8010. Groundnut 5.00 4.2011. Pea 910.50 850.5712. Maize 62.00 120.8513. Sugarcane 1019.00 1355.00

(Quintal)

Breeder Seed Production (kg)

S.No. Crop No. of Varieties 2009-10 2010-2011 Total

1 Brinjal 2 -2 Spinach 2 - 1300.0 1300.03 French bean 2 134.0 134.04 Fenugreek 2 550.0 550.05 Tomato 16 Onion 1 500.0 500.07 Pea 2 3255.0 765.0 40208 Okra 1 1600.0 1600.09 Chilli 1

10 Coriander 2 495.0 2540.0 303511 Garlic 1 700.0 700

Total 3884.0 14844.0 18728



(Rs. Lacs)

Budget Outlay for 2009-10 & 2010-11

AICRP's under JNKVV

Budget allotmentS.No.

Name of Project Centre2009-10 2010-11

A. Faculty of Agriculture1 Maize Improvement Chhindwara 19.16 20.922 Rice Improvement Rewa 34.68 34.683 Niger Chhindwara 23.02 24.22

Sagar 16.38 18.944 LinseedPowarkheda 3.85 2.00Tikamgarh 44.31 59.855 SesamePowarkheda 21.74 24.18

6 Soybean Jabalpur 34.90 18.207 Chickpea Jabalpur 69.72 46.53

Dindori 36.53 29.098 Millet ImprovementRewa 39.68 32.23Powarkheda 29.56 32.259 Wheat ImprovementSagar 30.47 51.19

10 Cropping System Research 119.85 93.8711 Sugarcane Powarkheda 43.96 32.5112 Micro & Secondary nutrients and Pollutant

Elements in SoilsJabalpur 29.10 29.90

13 Soil Test Crop Response Jabalpur 26.08 29.9414 Long Term Fertilizer Exp. Jabalpur 16.40 13.3815 NWP-Biofertilizer (BNF) Jabalpur 16.80 18.6016 Nematode Pests & their Control Jabalpur 18.20 27.0417 Vegetable Improvement & NSP Jabalpur 39.0018 Potato Improvement Chhindwara 16.25 16.6519 Sub Tropical Fruits Rewa 25.25 17.5220 AINP on Betelvine Jabalpur 22.90 20.7821 Barley Improvement Rewa 18.61 23.8622 Agro-Forestry Jabalpur 17.47 19.3323 Forage Crops Jabalpur 21.80 34.5224 Dryland Agriculture Rewa 31,24 55.5125 Arid Zone Fruits Jabalpur 18.45 15.7526 Mullarp Sagar 13.44 13.5327 Biological Control of Crop Pests & Weeds Jabalpur 1.70 2.4828 Breeder Seed Production Jabalpur 32.19 34.7229 Seed Technology Research Jabalpur 81.65 34.6630 Production of Breeder Seed of Annual Oilseed

Crop – (ISOPOM) Soybean & Groundnut Jabalpur 2.30 0

31 Network Project on Organic Farming Jabalpur 5.40 10.6532 Spices Jabalpur 0.95 0.9533 Onion and Garlic Jabalpur 10.96 18.47

B. Faculty of Agricultural Engineering34 Farm Implements & Machinery Jabalpur 27.67 24.1335 Optimization of Groundwater through Wells &

PumpsJabalpur 26.53 33.33

36 Harvest & Post Harvest Technology Jabalpur 69.23 76.1337 Renewable Energy Sources Jabalpur 12.25 18.0138 Agro-meteorology Jabalpur 19.36 17.2739 Water Management Powarkheda 40.00 40.00

6.0 List of on-going projects during 2009-2011ad-hoc

S.No.

Title Amount(Rs.inlacs)

1. Centrally sponsored scheme for Development of spices. 6.252. Comprehensive plan scheme for study of cultivation/ production of

principal crops in Madhya Pradesh.205.00

3. C. S. S. for Development of Medicinal and aromatic plants. 10.504. Scheme on medicinal plants : Estt. of Regional Analytical

Laboratory-Jabalpur.17.50

5. ‘Rapid conversion of normal maize inbreds to quality protein maizeand further enhancement o f limiting amino acids in elite inbreedsthrough market assisted selection”

52.61

6. Strengthening Breeder Seed Production under NFSM 47.007. Seed Production in Agricultural Crops (Mega Seed project) 23.008. Identification of potential vegetation for bio dr ainage and fitting in

evaluation of bio drainage in Tawa Command of Madhya Pradesh55.52

9. Modernization of Agricultural University Farms 225.0010. CSS on National Project on Management of Soil Health and

Fertility”31.15

11. “Marker assisted breeding of abi otic stress tolerant rice varietieswith major QTLs for drought, submergence and salt tolerance atRewa”.

48.60

12. Evaluation and production of Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility(CGMS) based hybrids for enhancement of productivity and stabilityof yield in pigeon pea

189.96

13. “Integrated Agri -biotechnologies of socio -economic upliftment ofBaiga and Gond tribest of Madhya Pradesh”

108.48

14. DBT-RA Isolation and characterization of phygene from fungi andits transformation in Avena sativa (Oat)

5.93

15. Niche area of excellence “ Strengthening & Development ofMedicinal and aromatic plants”

207.60

16. Development and popularization of Model Seed System for qualityseed production of major legimes to ensure seed sufficiency at thevillage level (ISOPOM)

100.00

17. “Learning-setting up of facilities for hands on training on fruit andvegetable processing”

125.00

18. Experimental learning – Plant Tissue Culture 60.72





26. “Network project on hybrid rice research” 9.0027. Network centre on National initiative on climate change resilient

agriculture—AICRPDA-NICRA (ICAR)30.25

• Development of Hybrid Technology• Tissue Culture Lab.• Promotion of Honey bee (Jabalpur & Powarkhda)

24. ‘Increasing chickpea and pigeon pea production through intensiveapplication of Integrated Pest Management”

25. “Development of new plant type varieties with higher yield and inbuilt resistance to major pest and disease”

200.0012.0015.00

12.50

14.65

19. Integrated farming systems to ensure sustainable livelihood securityfor the peasants of disadvantaged districts of MP (NAIP)

622.18

20. Network project on harvest, processing and value addition ofNatural resin and gums

61.15

21. Biotic Stress (Rusts) of wheat, Powarkheda 5.0522. Business Planning and Development (BPD) Project 327.6123. Rashtriy Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY- other receipts)

Development of Hybrid Technology 200.00

28. Weather based agro advisories and assessment of vulnerableareas of major food crops production zone. AICRPAM-NICRA(ICAR)

3.05

29. Network programme on Upland Shuttle Breeding Project 48.0030. Enhancing chickpea Production in Rainfall Fall Land (PRFL) of

Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh134.31

31. “Development of molecular markers in chickpea breeding fordeveloping superior cultivars with enhanced disease resistance”

56.39

32. Improving heat tolerance in chickpea for enhancing its productivityin warm growing conditions and mitigating impact of climate change

29.94

33. A cell on regular monitoring of Agro-Economics System 21.8834. Estt. Of Referral Seed Testing Laboratory in MP. 85.4235. High Temperature Tolerance in Wheat 40.8036. “Strengthening and development of Regional research Station,

Dindori Madhya Pradesh for improvement of small milletstechnologies and varieties”

48.00

37. d`f"k _.k v/;;u ;kstuk 2.7538. Strengthening of irrigation facilities for Breeder Seed Production

and JNKVV Seed Farms.250.00

39. Establishment of five Model Nursery of medicinal Plants underJNKVV

100.00



40. Exploration, collection and conservation of wild species and landraces from eastern Madhya Pradesh”

9.77

41. Conservation and evaluation of germplasm of mango in Rewadistrict of Madhya Pradesh”

8.47

42. Conservation strategies for enhancing the use of genetic recoursesof small millets to ensure long term benefit to tribal farmers ofMadhya Pradesh”

11.91

43. “Data generation and evaluation of production technology ofmedicinal and aromatic plants using IT tools”

3.33

44. Dry land horticulture Research Training Centre, Ranguna( Garhakota ) Distt. Sagar

347.73

45. Horticulture Vocational Education Institute, Ranguna (Garhakota)Distt. Sagar

897.63

Collection of elite material and model plantation of Jatropha” 73.96ii) Trainees and farmers training for nursery managementproduction and technology and marketing of Jatropha

47. National Network project on Integrated Development of Jatropha/Karanja”

13.95

46.

48. “Community managed bio-industrial watersheds for sustainable useof natural resources and enhanced livelihood”

122.75

Rehabilitation of 3 plant tissue culture Laboratories.Estt. of 2 leaf/Plant tissue culture Laboratories(Jabalpur – Horticulture Biotech.)

116.00

Agricultural Engineering Division50. “Project on water resources management under Indo-US-AKI” 30.0051. “Scaling of water productivity in agriculture for livelihood through

teaching cum demonstration training of trainers and farmers atPowarkheda”

125.00

49.

Documents

Research Highlights 2011 - JNKVVjnkvv.org/PDF/Research Highlights 2011250615022043.pdfResearch Highlights 2011 JNKVV, Jabalpur (M.P.) 2 concentrating on frontier areas of research