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Reproduction and Heredity

Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

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Page 1: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Reproduction and Heredity

Page 2: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

reproduction• The process in which new “offspring” are

produced from their parents

Page 3: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Asexual Reproduction-Some organisms produce offspring with only one parent-Offspring is an exact copy of parent with exact same genetic information-Some plants reproduce this way: spores (ferns) or buds (potatoes), and runners

Page 4: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Asexual Reproduction

• Cells divide in stages called MITOSIS- Prophase- Metaphase- Anaphase- Telephase

Page 5: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Mitosis – phases of asexual reproduction

Page 6: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Sexual Reproduction-When two parents join together to form a new individual-offspring will NOT be identical to one parent.-It will have traits from both parents-flowers, animals, and humans reproduce this way

Page 7: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Sperm cellContains male genetic information that will combine with female egg cell to produce a new “individual”

Page 8: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Egg cell

female cell that contains genetic information that will combine with the male sperm cell to produce offspring

Page 9: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Chromosome-Carries genetic information inside the nucleus of the sperm and egg cell.

-Humans have 46 chromosomes; 23 from the mother and 23 from the father

Page 10: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Fertilization

When the egg and sperm cell come together to form a new individual

Page 11: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Meosis

The process cell use to divide for SEXUAL reproductionFirst stage begins with 23 chromosomes from each parent, for a total of 46

Page 12: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

VariationThe differences between organisms of a species

Page 13: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

GeneSpecific parts of a chromosome that are responsible for one trait in that offspring.For example: hair color, eye color in humans; the genes of a tree control the size, shape, and color of its leaves.

Page 14: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Inherited Trait

Features that an organism is born with

Page 15: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Dominant TraitWhen gene from one parent overpowers the gene from the other parentBrown eyes, cleft chin, tongue-rolling are all dominant traits

Page 16: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Other dominant traits

• Straight thumb and pinky• Dimples• Freckles• Straight hair line• Curly hair• Detached earlobes

Page 17: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Recessive TraitWhen gene from one parent is overpowered by the gene of the other parentBlue eyes, attached ear lobes, bent pinky/thumb are all recessive traits

Page 18: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Dominant vs RecessiveDominant traits are more common than recessive traits

Page 19: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Learned Behavior

Skills that animals are taught during their lifetime by parents or other animals, and through experience.

Page 20: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Inherited Behaviors/InstinctsBehavior that animals are born knowing; they are instinctual. Animals do not have to be taught an inherited behavior.nest and web building, migration, hibernation.

Page 21: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Scientists’ Work

• Gregor Mendel

• Thomas Hunt Morgan

Page 22: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Gregor Mendel

• Studied tall and dwarf pea plants and what happens when you cross-breed them

• Formulated 3 laws that became the basis of the science of heredity

• Wrote a paper to describe his findings, but no one seemed to care about his work

• Later, after his death, other scientists, who were working on the same ideas, discovered his important work.

Page 23: Reproduction and Heredity. reproduction The process in which new “offspring” are produced from their parents

Thomas Hunt Morgan

• American biologist• Discovered the role the

chromosome plays in heredity

• Demonstrated that genes are carried on chromosomes by researching and using fruit flies in an experiment