REPORTED SPEECH mowa zależna

TENSE REPORTED SPEECH

Present Simple Past Simple

Present Continuous Past Continuous

Present Perfect Past Perfect

Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

Past Simple Past Perfect

Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

Future Simple Future in the Past

Future Continuous Future Continuous in the Past

Future Perfect Future Perfect in the Past

Future Perfect Continuous Future Perfect Continuous in the Past

First conditional Second Conditional

now then

lots of many

a little any

today that day

for ages last week

tonight that night

tomorrow the next day / the following day

next week the following week

yesterday the day before / the previous day

3 days ago 3 days before

last month the month before / the previous month

this that

these those

here there

will would

can could

Future in the Past : would + I forma

Future Continuous in the Past : would + be + verb-ing

Future Perfect in the Past : would + have + III forma

Future Perfect Continuous in the Past : would + have + been + verb-ing

Mowa zależna służy głównie do relacjonowania wypowiedzi innych osób np: On powiedział, że... Zdania oznajmujące: Present Simple He says: "I do it." He said that he did it. Present Continuous I am doing it .

He said he was doing it . Present Perfect Simple I have done it . He said he had done it . Present Perfect Continuous

I have been doing it . He said he had been doing it . Past Simple I did it . He said he had done it . Past Continuous I was doing it . He said he had been doing it . Past Perfect Simple I had done it . He said he had done it .

Past Perfect Continuous I had been doing it . He said he had been doing it . Future simple I will do it . He said he would do it . Future Continous

I will be doing it . He said he would be doing it . Future Perfect Simple I will have done it . He said he would have done it . Future Perfect Continuous I will have been doing it . He said he would have been doing it .

Łatwo zauważyć, że wymiana czasów następuje zawsze o jeden czas do tyłu co oznacza, że czasy teraźniejsze zamieniają się w przeszłe, a czasy przeszłe w zaprzeszłe. Czasy zaprzeszłe pozostają bez zmian gdyż nie mają już możliwożci cofnięcia. Time expressions: now - then today - that day yesterday - the day before tomorrow - the next day next e.g. Monday - the following Monday last week - the previous week two days ago - two days before

here - there this - that these - those Zdania pytające: Pytania ogólne w mowie zależnej poprzedzone są spójnikiem "if" lub "whether" i mają

szyk zdania oznajmującego. PRZYKŁADY: Is he going with us? I asked if he was going with us. I wanted to know whether he was going with us. I was curious if he was going with us. "Do you get up early?" - she asked me. She asked me if I got up early. "Has she come back yet? - she asked me. She asked me if she had come back yet. Analogicznie we wszystkich innych czasach.

Pytania szczegółowe w mowie zależnej rozpoczynają się od słówek pytających (what, who, why itp.) i mają szyk zdania oznajmującego. PRZYKŁADY: What time do you get up every day? I asked what time you got up every day. I wanted to know what time you got up every day. "Why did you behave like this last Monday?" - she asked me.

She asked me why I had behaved like this the pervious Monday. "How much was this bike?" - she asked me. She asked me how much that bike had been. Zdania pytające: Zdania rozkazujące w mowie zależnej są jedynym rodzajem zdań, w których nie stosuje się wymiany czasów. Ma tutaj zastosowanie konstrukcja bezokolicznika, za pomocą czasowników: - tell sb to do sth

- ask sb to do sth - order sb to do sth - beg sb to do sth PRZYKŁADY: "Open the window!" I asked you to open the window. "Help me" - he said to her. He told her to help him. "Don't do it" - he said to me. He said to me not to do it.

Zdania wykrzyknikowe: Zdania wykrzyknikowe mają również szyk oznajmujący i następuje następstwo czasów. PRZYKŁADY: "What a lovely day it is today?" - he said.

He exclaimed what a lovely day it was that

day

remarked

expressed the surprise

greeted

"What a nice picture I have got!"

I exclaimed what a nice picture I had got.

What excellent meals she cooks"

I exclaimed what excellent meals she cooked.