Reducing our Carbon Footprint. GHG Reduction and Thermal Energy Efficiency at AfriSam. Contents. Introduction to AfriSam Drivers for Efficiency Historic Initiatives Recent Initiatives The Trends What next. Company Overview. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Slide 1
Reducing our Carbon Footprint
GHG Reduction and Thermal Energy Efficiency at AfriSam
Contents
Introduction to AfriSamDrivers for EfficiencyHistoric
InitiativesRecent InitiativesThe TrendsWhat next
Company Overview
The leading black-controlled building and construction materials
group in southern Africa.Operations in South Africa, Botswana,
Lesotho, Swaziland and Tanzania.Annual turnover of approximately R7
billion and employs more than 2000 employees.South Africas largest
producer of aggregate and the second largest producer of cement and
readymix concrete. The only fully vertically-integrated supplier of
cement, aggregates and readymix concrete in Gauteng.Facilities
include:2 cement plants near Lichtenburg and Kimberley1 milling
plant at Roodepoort2 blending plants at Brakpan and Swaziland1
GGBFS grinding plant at Vanderbijlpark41 readymix concrete plants
across the region16 aggregate quarries throughout the
country
Afri refers to our proud African heritage and the sub-Saharan
African countries in which we operate.Sam comes from the word
samente or disamente, which means cement in six of South Africas
official languages.
AfriSam Brand and Values
People
Planet
Performance
Acting with integrity and respect.
Responsible approach to the community and Environment.
To be the best at everything we do.
AfriSam has been in the business of mining and producing
construction materials for the past 77 years. AfriSam believes that
a company can only be sustainable in the long term if it actively
manages, measures and optimises its financial, social and
environmental performance on an ongoing basis and underpins this by
a strong corporate governance platform.
The Driver for Efficiency
Cement manufacturing is energy intensive and results in substantial
CO2 production thus AfriSam is committed to continually aim to
reduce this impactA worldwide move towards sustainable
developmentAlignment to company valuesAfriSam historically been the
industry leader in emission control andenergy efficiencySA is one
of the worlds largest and fastest growing carbon emitters committed
to reduce GHG emissions by 34% below business as usual levels by
2020 Financial benefit
Historic Initiatives
Project Green Cement Blended /extended cement 2000. R & D into
activatorsProcess optimisation and equipment upgradesBurner and
fuel consumption optimisationElectric motor audits fit for purpose
motors and energy efficientUse of energy efficient mill technology
VRM vs ball mill -24% more efficient- capital costs 20% moreUse of
bucket elevators instead of air lifts
More Recent Initiatives
CO2 footprint per productExternal consultant CEM certified
developed the per product modelBased on WBCSD model and GHG
ProtocolCradle to gate approach incorporating scope 1,2,3
emissions. First publicised the CO2 rating on AfriSam APC, HSC and
RHC bags in September 2009
Eco Building cement 2010 most thermally efficient product in
range - CO2 footprint 415kgCO2/ton half that of RHC or an
HSC
CO2 Rating Initiative
Thermal Energy Efficiency Trends
Improvement in specific thermal energy consumption from 1990 to
2012 40%Improvement in specific thermal energy efficiency from 2000
to 2012 37%
Chart1
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4286.4524543987
3939.9290108171
3881.0005435147
3706.036706136
3834.1736044291
3547.7946974699
3845.1651132378
3756.616543168
3683.4067451592
3780.0167268138
3374.8557743755
3097.9648777882
3043.0869860398
2867.7984844365
2483.2333837897
2404.3057750134
2453.5972548986
2418.8451426921
2649.7233449778
2573.8538609602
2582.2820468061
2372.6134336046
Specific Thermal Energy Consumption
Year
MJ per ton cement produced
Plant_1
1
DUDFIELD
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD^D^D^D^D^D
ZAFX
South Africa
Africa (incl. Middle East)
non-Annex 1
1xDL: 1990-2010; 1xDS2: 1990-2010; 1xDS4: 1990-2010; 1xPC4:
1990-2010
54
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesNoYesYes
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
nonononononononononononononoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
nonononononononononononononoNoNoNoNoNoNon/a
n/an/an/an/a
TransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfers
YesYesNoNoYes
YesNoNoNoNo
NoNoNoNoNo
n/an/an/an/aNo
YesNoNoNoNo
YesYesYesYesYes
NoNoNoNoNo
NoYesYesNoNo
YesNoNoNoNo
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77.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.3
747474747474747474747474747474747474747474
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69.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.2
1471911672931570354614944413151
66.46467.1367.0765.8566.17
1.7331.841.71.711.88
946417818030927382855856
67.07676666.27
1.811.71.71.85
00107212.439560379.6688632634
3.87.24
2.372.27
077863.781516652.1650472931
5.760
0.840.6
24221.39150
1.88
1.37
1848.3110
4.82
0
MC (Milled clinker)Everite (LSF)RHCHSCAPC (Cem V)
Ordinary Portland CementOrdinary Portland CementOrdinary
Portland CementFlyash CementMultiple Blend Cement
CCCCC
87.2194.6589.9577.63434245.00036
8993663220023651235841276759
799.4513867.6535824.5688711.6715412.5168
754.5919818.9671778.3671.7377389.3694
113.935121.8712135.684461.923536.0242
965965965965965
109.9473117.6057130.935459.756234.7634
909.3985985.2592955.5042771.4277447.2802
864.5392936.5729909.2354731.4939424.1328
13.752813.554515.87938.39668.4271
14.570414.360316.82338.89588.9281
Plant_2
2
ROODEPORT
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM^M^M^G^G^G
ZAFX
South Africa
Africa (incl. Middle East)
non-Annex 1
54
nonononononononononononononoNoNoNon/aNon/a
nonononononononononononononoNoNoNon/aNon/a
nonononononononononononononoNoNoNon/aNon/a
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesYes
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesNo
nonononononononononononononoNoNoNon/aNoNo
nonononononononononononononoNoNoNon/aNon/a
Extender at depots in line 17nononononononononononononoNoNo
TransfersTransfersTransfers
NoNoYes
YesNoNoNo
n/an/an/an/a
n/an/an/an/a
n/an/an/an/a
n/an/an/an/a
n/an/an/an/a
n/an/an/an/a
Non/an/an/a
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48000480004800011654.913310910.652610488.011914955.672418314.094819376.594120473.212820190.228525009.01215578141879.840422567211512354826923.984351897.428740.538436972.7969
0007829.5485749.32415299.81057398.349412250.302513850.027214337.785713719.358517089.4416561.6391433.23063333109372162021803.516751897.430732.609633492.7594
00000000000792.6666717682790.99171375145160113451.068385117.68775902.9556114385.00885
00041500.890926931.563324097.792529632.938642926.790245698.945743135.694156204.501277754.623481212.397371797.685516884860342112363147683.9111127.213593339.7734100952.03625
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Includes extender from blending
stations500004670045500455794350048400510005322152729520007666111719815406915359019788282756110997135.877510.98751.494713.639
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77.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.3
747474747474747474747474747474747474747474
56.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.1
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858585858585858585858585858585858585858585
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757575757575757575757575757575757575757575
838383838383838383838383838383838383838383
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69.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.2
All Purpose CementHigh Strength CementEco Building CementMC
(Milled clinker)RHCMC BlendRHC Blends
Flyash CementMultiple Blend CementSlag CementOrdinary Portland
CementOrdinary Portland CementMultiple Blend CementSlag Cement
CCCSSCC
49.9220474.7532832.4356586.5290.3572.3307278.6045
294843247314.3584892.454334771241151363911862
435.4074651.9791282.8955754.6055788.0097630.8502685.5685
435.4074651.9791282.8955754.6055788.0097630.8502685.5685
965965965965965965965
435.4074651.9791282.8955754.6055788.0097630.8502685.5685
435.4074651.9791282.8955754.6055788.0097630.8502685.5685
Plant_3
3
SLAGMENT VANDERBIJLPARK
---------------M^M^M^G^G^G
ZAFX
South Africa
Africa (incl. Middle East)
non-Annex 1
NoNon/an/an/an/a
YesYesYesYesYesYes
NoNon/an/aYesn/a
YesYesYesYesYesYes
YesYesYesYesYesYes
NoNon/an/an/an/a
NoNon/an/an/an/a
Non/an/an/an/a
First year of complete incorporation of Slagment into
Holcim.
n/an/an/an/a
n/an/an/an/an/a
n/an/an/an/an/a
n/an/an/an/an/a
n/an/an/an/an/a
n/an/an/an/an/a
n/an/an/an/an/a
n/an/an/an/an/a
NoNoYesn/a
n/a
000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000-50303.1308-78078.315
000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000078078.315
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00000000000000048748.75024382.832401.8544657.73661764.4
000000000000000000916.70882700.2150
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0000000000000005401.351940.70956.51176.61541.9
000000000000000533418758804732074394710537342.7854109.385
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00000000000000055023.62350025.31641329.48836393.06430980.26430292.536
0000000000000008908909588981032965
50025.31642975.62436356.67131829.72230407.542
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92.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.8
77.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.3
747474747474747474747474747474747474747474
56.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.1
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69.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.2
SlagmentConbexFillcem 50/50High Strength Cement
MIC and Other Cementitious MaterialsSpecial BinderSpecial
BinderSlag Cement
SSSS
04.7533.2567.45
501742308382111112545
09.763568.3447138.6422
09.763568.3447138.6422
965965965965
9.763568.3447138.6422
9.763568.3447138.6422
Plant_4
4
TANGA
------DDDDDDDDDDD^D^D^D^D
ZAFX
Tanzania
Africa (incl. Middle East)
non-Annex 1
1xDS4: 1996-2010
60606060606062.562.562.562.5
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesyesyesYes
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesyesyesn/a
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesyesyesYes
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesyesyesYes
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesyesyesYes
nononononononononononononononononoNononon/a
nononopartlypartlypartlypartlypartlypartlypartlypartlypartlypartlypartlypartlyyesyesYesyesyesYes
NANANANANANANANAnononononononoyesyesYesn/an/an/a
iron ore added to raw mix, starting april 2007Main changes =
commissioning of new control system based on PLC technology and
replacing the old one based on relays technology and commissioning
of 2 additional genset using HFOMain changes = commissioning of new
cement mill # 2
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0
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Simba Cement 32.5 RSimba Cement 42.5 N
Pozzolan CementLimestone Cement
CC
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Plant_5
5
TERMINAL BRAKPAN
----------------^-^-^B^B^B
ZAFX
South Africa
Africa (incl. Middle East)
non-Annex 1
NoNoNoNo
NoNoNoNo
NoNoNoNo
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NoYesYesNo
NoNoNoNo
NoNoNoNo
n/a
NoNoNo
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MILLED CLINKERRHCH/S CEMENTAPC CEMENTMC BLENDSRHC
BLENDSRHC-bags
Ordinary Portland CementOrdinary Portland CementMultiple Blend
CementMultiple Blend CementMultiple Blend CementMultiple Blend
CementOrdinary Portland Cement
IISSSSI
87.2189.9575.79421142.70673774.36396773.58809589.95
40962828913278359.07292477.6210250.227067.260
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Plant_6
6
TERMINAL SWAZILAND
----------------^-^-^B^B^B
ZAFX
South Africa
Africa (incl. Middle East)
non-Annex 1
NoNon/an/aNo
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n/a
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n/an/an/an/a
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APCHSCAPC (bags)HSC (bags)APC BulkHSC Bulk
Flyash CementFlyash CementFlyash CementFlyash CementFlyash
CementFlyash Cement
SSIIII
48.846474.14243.8411675.542542.4375.75
1156813609.7316474680320.88100.72
0.25530.38740.22910.39480.22170.3958
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Plant_7
7
ULCO
DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD^D^D^D^D
ZAFX
South Africa
Africa (incl. Middle East)
non-Annex 1
1xPC4: 1990-2010
545454
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesyesYes
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesyesYes
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesyesYes
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesyesYes
yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesyesYes
nononononononononononononoyesNoNoNoYesYesyesYes
nonononononononononononononoNoNoNoNoNoyesNo
nonononononononononononononoNoNoNon/an/a
TransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfers
NoYesYesNoNo
NoNoNoNoNo
NoNoNoNoNo
N/aNon/aNoNo
NoNoYesYesNo
NoNoYesYesYes
NoNoNoNoNo
NoNoYesNoNo
YesNoYesNoNo
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15.39
0
0
APCHSCRHC 52.5
Limestone CementLimestone CementOrdinary Portland Cement
CCC
71.2980.0487.88
91236442454717780
645.9515725.2344796.2719
638.8307717.2396787.4939
100.4322115.2602157.9404
965965965
96.9171111.2261152.4125
742.8686836.4605948.6844
735.7478828.4657939.9064
15.003815.336619.1408
15.17115.507519.3541
UL
WBCSD Cement Sustainability InitiativeCO2 Emissions Inventory
ProtocolPlant Level
7
Date of latest update25-Nov-03
Forecast Annual Growth
INFORMATION2%2%2%
General Plant
Information19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
1aPlant4203ULCO
1bProcess TypesDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD^D^D^D^D^D^D^D^D^D^D^D^D
1cContact details TO
1dContact details CC
2CompanyZAFX
3CountrySouth Africa
4ContinentAfrica (incl. Middle East)
5"Kyoto" Region (Annex 1 or non-Annex 1)non-Annex 1
6Kiln types1xPC4: 1990-2010
7Shares owned by Company[%]545454
Inventory Boundaries: Coverage of Main Process
Steps19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
7aRaw material supply (quarrying, mining, crushing)[yes, no or
n/a]yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesyesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
7bPreparation of raw materials, fuels and additives[yes, no or
n/a]yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesyesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
7cKiln operation (pyro-processing)[yes, no or
n/a]yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesyesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
7dCement grinding, blending[yes, no or
n/a]yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesyesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
7eOn-site (internal) transport[yes, no or
n/a]yesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesYesYesYesYesYesyesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
7fOff-site transport with company-owned fleets[yes, no or
n/a]nononononononononononononoyesNoNoNoYesYesyesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
7gOn-site power generation[yes, no or
n/a]nonononononononononononononoNoNoNoNoNoyesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
7h(add other processes as appropriate)[yes, no or
n/a]nonononononononononononononoNoNoNon/an/a
7iRemarks concerning plant operation during the year e.g.
investements, changes to raw mixes,
etc.TransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfersTransfers
Track Changes - CO2 Emissions
Questionnaire19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
7jDid you increase use of MIC through a change in product/sales
mix?[yes, no or n/a]NoYesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
7kDid you have problems that resulted in a higher clinker
factor, e.g. problems with clinker quality, problems with MIC
quality?[yes, no or n/a]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
7lDo you mineralise clinker to increase reactivity?[yes, no or
n/a]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
7mDid you undertake work to reduce or recycle bypass dust or CKD
leaving the kiln system?[yes, no or
n/a]N/aNon/aNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
7nDid you undertake work to increase kiln energy
efficiency?[yes, no or n/a]NoNoYesYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
7oDid you have operational problems that decreased your kiln
energy efficiency, e.g. unscheduled kiln stops?[yes, no or
n/a]NoNoYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
7pDid you change your traditional kiln fuel mix - towards fuel
with higher CO2/GJ?[yes, no or n/a]NoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
7qDid you change your traditional kiln fuel mix - towards fuel
with lower CO2/GJ?[yes, no or n/a]NoNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
7rDid you undertake work to improve energy efficiency on
non-kiln processes, e.g. raw material drying, on-site power
generation?[yes, no or n/a]YesNoYesNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNoNo
7s[yes, no or n/a]
Clinker and Cement
Production19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
Clinker:
8Clinker
production[t/yr]981,000936,000681,167712,497885,392952,5061,025,399720,055749,715700,039798,193709,722733,7871,030,2301,078,9351,149,4711,165,2151,153,065934,4911,012,0751,013,619845,894843,123845,396886,092909,4551,004,1121,108,6211,818,810
9Clinker bought[t/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
10Clinker sold[t/yr]00000000000000149,55016,8530000000000000
10aChange in clinker
stocks[t/yr]000000000000-10,0630-34,92030,739-26,0827,180-43,08931,2507,762-31,4760000000
10bInternal clinker transfers (net positive value means clinker
is brought
in)[t/yr]0000000000000000-59,89312,121-33,66240,345022,7390000000
new10cClinker from cement transfer (for
blending)[t/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
11Total clinker
consumed[t/yr]981,000936,000681,167712,497885,392952,5061,025,399720,055749,715700,039798,193709,722743,8501,030,230964,3051,101,8791,131,4041,158,007943,9181,021,1701,005,857900,109843,123845,396886,092909,4551,004,1121,108,6211,818,810
Mineral components (MIC) used to produce blended cements (dry
weight):
12Gypsum[t/yr]32,81424,85624,05725,16329,53128,68034,11728,02934,99738,35936,08641,13644,05652,09557,93166,67361,93062,12155,97768,33968,22964,54364,26364,36767,48669,24976,45684,414138,490
13Limestone[t/yr]40,88130,96729,97131,34939,47642,57240,05639,41440,83849,19652,12573,897124,224142,563176,906235,137229,745271,879250,678283,548280,605265,968224,170224,339235,250241,484266,618294,368482,941
14Slag[t/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
15Fly ash (for blending)[t/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
16Puzzolana[t/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
17Others[t/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
new17aMIC from internal cement transfer (for
blending)[t/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
18Total MIC consumed for
blending[t/yr]73,69555,82354,02756,51269,00771,25274,17367,44375,83587,55588,211115,034168,280194,658234,837301,810291,675334,000306,654351,887348,834330,511288,433288,706302,736310,733343,074378,782621,432
Mineral components (MIC) used as cement substitutes (direct
additions to concrete; dry weight):
19aMIC consumed for production of pure slag cement (dry
weight)[t/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
19bFly ash and puzzolana (direct sales, dry
weight)[t/yr]00000000000000000000
19Total pure MIC products used as cement
substitutes[t/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
Production totals:
20Total Portland + Blended
cements[t/yr]1,054,695991,823735,194769,009954,3991,023,7581,099,572787,498825,550787,594886,404824,756912,1301,224,8881,199,1421,403,6891,423,0791,492,0071,250,5721,373,0571,354,6911,230,6201,131,5561,134,1021,188,8281,220,1881,347,1861,487,4022,440,241
21Total cements + substitutes: Portland, Blended,
Slag[t/yr]1,054,695991,823735,194769,009954,3991,023,7581,099,572787,498825,550787,594886,404824,756912,1301,224,8881,199,1421,403,6891,423,0791,492,0071,250,5721,373,0571,354,6911,230,6201,131,5561,134,1021,188,8281,220,1881,347,1861,487,4022,440,241
21aTotal cementitious
production[t/yr]1,054,695991,823735,194769,009954,3991,023,7581,099,572787,498825,550787,594886,404824,756902,0671,224,8881,313,7721,451,2811,456,8901,487,0651,241,1451,363,9621,362,4531,176,4051,131,5561,134,1021,188,8281,220,1881,347,1861,487,4022,440,241
Dust
Production19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
22Bypass dust leaving the kiln
system[t/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
23CKD leaving the kiln
system[t/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
24Calcination rate of
CKD[%]100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100100
Kiln Fuel Consumption
(Aggregate)19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
25Total heat consumption of
kilns[TJ/yr]3,3234,2172,5882,7643,2993,5752,7742,6982,7572,5932,8502,4532,5783,5583,7033,9813,9514,0923,3983,6753,7163,1693,0873,0953,2443,3303,6764,0596,659
26Traditional fossil
fuels[TJ/yr]3,3234,2172,5882,7643,2993,5752,7742,6982,7572,5932,8502,4532,5783,5583,7033,9803,9514,0923,3983,6753,7163,1693,0873,0953,2443,3303,6764,0596,659
27Alternative fossil
fuels[TJ/yr]00000000000000010000000000000
28Alternative biomass
fuels[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
Non-Kiln Fuel
Consumption19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
30Equipment and on-site
vehicles[TJ/yr]1616161616161616161616162623313248463130464242424445505590
31aRoom heating /
cooling[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
31bDrying of raw materials and mineral
components[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
31cOn-site power
generation[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
32Total non-kiln fuel
consumption[TJ/yr]1616161616161616161616162623313248463130464242424445505590
Power
Consumption19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
33afrom on-site power
generation[MWh/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
33bCO2 per power unit produced on-site[kg
CO2/MWh]00000000000000000000000000000
33cfrom external power
generation[MWh/yr]95,596130,794106,235103,147117,796136,168117,678106,987113,285104,084107,417102,539103,619129,174133,652152,689160,166181,411154,056161,456148,130140,515135,158135,462141,999145,745160,914177,662291,474
33dCO2 per power unit produced externally[kg
CO2/MWh]9149149149148928918899008878878878878908908908908909588981,032965970970970970970970970970
33Total plant power
consumption[MWh/yr]95,596130,794106,235103,147117,796136,168117,678106,987113,285104,084107,417102,539103,619129,174133,652152,689160,166181,411154,056161,456148,130140,515135,158135,462141,999145,745160,914177,662291,474
Waste Heat
Exports19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
34Waste heat supplied to external
consumers[GJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
CO2 EMISSIONS
Direct CO2 Emissionsclick here to go to calcination
calculation
CO2 from Raw
Materials19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
new35aCalcination emission factor, corrected for CaO- and MgO
imports[kg CO2/ t
cli]525525525525525525525525525525525525525525525538541541525535538533538538538538538538538
new35bOrganic carbon content of raw meal (average)[%, dry
weight]0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%0.2%
new35cRaw meal : clinker ratio[--, dry
weight]1.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.551.55
new35dRaw meal consumption[t/yr, dry
weight]1,520,5501,450,8001,055,8091,104,3701,372,3581,476,3841,589,3681,116,0851,162,0581,085,0601,237,1991,100,0691,137,3701,596,8571,672,3491,781,6801,806,0831,787,2511,448,4611,568,7161,571,1091,311,1361,306,8411,310,3641,373,4431,409,6551,556,3731,718,3622,819,155
36CO2 from raw meal converted to clinker[t
CO2/yr]515,025491,400357,613374,061464,831500,066538,334378,029393,600367,520419,051372,604385,238540,871566,441617,956629,799623,776490,608541,037545,147450,884453,450454,673476,560489,125540,034596,241978,196
37CO2 from bypass dust leaving the kiln system[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
new38aCO2 from calcination of CKD leaving the kiln system[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
new38bCO2 from organic carbon content of raw meal[t
CO2/yr]11,14310,6317,7378,09310,05710,81911,6478,1798,5167,9519,0668,0618,33511,70212,25513,05613,23513,09710,61411,49611,5139,6089,5779,60210,06510,33011,40512,59220,659
39Total CO2 from raw materials[t
CO2/yr]526,168502,031365,350382,154474,887510,885549,981386,208402,116375,472428,118380,665393,573552,573578,696631,012643,034636,873501,222552,533556,660460,492463,027464,275486,624499,455551,439608,833998,855
CO2 from Kiln
Fuels19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
40CO2 from traditional fossil fuels[t
CO2/yr]318,976404,848248,423265,313316,715343,229266,352259,016264,637248,965273,626235,486247,454341,555355,467382,006379,325392,865326,179352,818350,824299,229291,415292,201306,267314,342347,059383,182628,650
41CO2 from alternative fossil fuels[t
CO2/yr]0000000000000001000000000000000
43Total CO2 from fossil-based kiln fuels[t
CO2/yr]318,976404,848248,423265,313316,715343,229266,352259,016264,637248,965273,626235,486247,454341,555355,467382,106379,325392,865326,179352,818350,824299,229291,415292,201306,267314,342347,059383,182628,650
CO2 from Non-Kiln
Fuels19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
44CO2 from equipment and on-site vehicles[t
CO2/yr]1,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,9381,6982,2782,3733,5593,3722,2972,2213,4123,1083,0983,1063,2563,3423,6894,0736,683
45aCO2 from room heating / cooling[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
45bCO2 from drying of raw materials and mineral components[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
45cCO2 from on-site power generation[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
46Total CO2 from non-kiln fuels[t
CO2/yr]1,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,2181,9381,6982,2782,3733,5593,3722,2972,2213,4123,1083,0983,1063,2563,3423,6894,0736,683
Total Direct CO2
Emissions19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
48Total direct CO2: all sources[t
CO2/yr]846,361908,097614,990648,685792,820855,331817,551646,441667,970625,654702,962617,369642,965895,826936,4411,015,4911,025,9181,033,110829,698907,572910,895762,830757,540759,582796,147817,139902,187996,0881,634,188
Indirect CO2 Emissions (Main
Sources)19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
49aCO2 from external power generation[t
CO2/yr]87,374119,54697,09994,276105,074121,326104,61696,288100,48492,32395,27990,95292,221114,965118,951135,893142,548173,791138,342166,622142,946136,300131,104131,399137,739141,373156,087172,332282,730
new49bEmission factor for bought clinker[kg CO2/t
cli]862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862862
diff49cCO2 from net clinker imports (+) / exports (-)[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000-128,912-14,527-51,62810,448-29,01734,777019,6010000000
new49dTotal indirect CO2 (main sources)[t
CO2/yr]87,374119,54697,09994,276105,074121,326104,61696,288100,48492,32395,27990,95292,221114,965-9,961121,36690,920184,240109,326201,399142,946155,901131,104131,399137,739141,373156,087172,332282,730
Direct CO2 from Biomass Fuels (Memo
Item)19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
50CO2 from combustion of biomass fuels (kiln and non-kiln)[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Gross CO2 Emissions (= total direct CO2; all
sources)19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
59Absolute gross CO2[t
CO2/yr]846,361908,097614,990648,685792,820855,331817,551646,441667,970625,654702,962617,369642,965895,826936,4411,015,4911,025,9181,033,110829,698907,572910,895762,830757,540759,582796,147817,139902,187996,0881,634,188
59acalcination component[t
CO2/yr]526,168502,031365,350382,154474,887510,885549,981386,208402,116375,472428,118380,665393,573552,573578,696631,012643,034636,873501,222552,533556,660460,492463,027464,275486,624499,455551,439608,833998,855
59bfuel component[t
CO2/yr]320,193406,066249,641266,531317,933344,447267,569260,233265,854250,183274,844236,703249,392343,253357,745384,479382,884396,237328,476355,039354,235302,337294,513295,307309,523317,684350,749387,255635,333
60Specific gross CO2 pertonne of clinker produced[kg CO2/t
cli]863970903910895898797898891894881870876870868883880896888897899902898898898898898898898
62tonne of cementitious product[kg CO2/t cem
prod]802916837844831835744821809794793749713731713700704695668665669648669670670670670670670
62acalcination component[kg CO2/t cem
prod]499506497497498499500490487477483462436451440435441428404405409391409409409409409409409
62bfuel component[kg CO2/ cem
prod]304409340347333336243330322318310287276280272265263266265260260257260260260260260260260
Credits for Indirect GHG
Savings19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
65aCredits for indirect savings through alternative fuels (waste
fuels)[t CO2/yr]0000000000000001000000000000000
65bSource of credits[--]
Net CO2 Emissions (= gross CO2 minus credits for indirect
savings)19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
71Absolute net CO2[t
CO2/yr]846,361908,097614,990648,685792,820855,331817,551646,441667,970625,654702,962617,369642,965895,826936,4411,015,3911,025,9181,033,110829,698907,572910,895762,830757,540759,582796,147817,139902,187996,0881,634,188
71acalcination component[t
CO2/yr]526,168502,031365,350382,154474,887510,885549,981386,208402,116375,472428,118380,665393,573552,573578,696631,012643,034636,873501,222552,533556,660460,492463,027464,275486,624499,455551,439608,833998,855
71bfuel component[t
CO2/yr]320,193406,066249,641266,531317,933344,447267,569260,233265,854250,183274,844236,703249,392343,253357,745384,379382,884396,237328,476355,039354,235302,337294,513295,307309,523317,684350,749387,255635,333
73Specific net CO2 pertonne of clinker produced[kg CO2/t
cli]863970903910895898797898891894881870876870868883880896888897899902898898898898898898898
74tonne of cementitious product[kg CO2/t cem
prod]802916837844831835744821809794793749713731713700704695668665669648669670670670670670670
74acalcination component[kg CO2/ cem
prod]499506497497498499500490487477483462436451440435441428404405409391409409409409409409409
74bfuel component[kg CO2/ cem
prod]304409340347333336243330322318310287276280272265263266265260260257260260260260260260260
77Improvement rate - net CO2 per tonne of cementitious product[%
relative to base
yr]0.014.14.25.13.54.1-7.32.30.8-1.0-1.2-6.7-11.2-8.9-11.2-12.8-12.2-13.4-16.7-17.1-16.7-19.2-16.6-16.5-16.5-16.5-16.5-16.5-16.5
78calcination component[% relative to base
yr]0.01.5-0.4-0.4-0.30.00.3-1.7-2.4-4.4-3.2-7.5-12.5-9.6-11.7-12.8-11.5-14.2-19.1-18.8-18.1-21.5-18.0-17.9-18.0-18.0-18.0-18.0-18.0
79fuel component (fossil-based)[% relative to base
yr]0.034.911.814.29.710.8-19.88.86.14.62.1-5.5-8.9-7.7-10.3-12.8-13.4-12.2-12.8-14.3-14.4-15.3-14.3-14.2-14.2-14.2-14.2-14.2-14.2
Specific CO2 from Indirect and Biomass
Sources19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
new82aSpecific indirect CO2 from external power generation[kg
CO2/t cem
prod]831211321231101199512212211710711010294919498117111122105116116116116116116116116
new82bSpecific indirect CO2 from net clinker imports (+) /
exports (-)[kg CO2/t cem
prod]00000000000000-98-10-357-23250170000000
83Specific CO2 from biomass fuels (Memo Item)[kg CO2/t cem
prod]00000000000000000000000000000
General Performance
Indicators19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
91Net clinker sales / net clinker
consumption[%]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.015.51.55.3-1.03.6-4.00.0-2.50.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
92Clinker/cement factor in
cements[%]93.094.492.792.792.893.093.391.490.888.990.086.181.684.180.478.579.577.675.574.474.273.174.574.574.574.574.574.574.5
92aCKD+bypass dust leaving the kiln system (as % of cli
production)[%]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
93Specific heat consumption of clinker production[MJ/t
cli]3,3874,5063,7993,8793,7263,7542,7063,7473,6773,7053,5713,4563,5133,4533,4323,4633,3913,5493,6363,6313,6663,7473,6613,6613,6613,6613,6613,6613,661
94Traditional fossil fuel
rate[%]100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0100.0
95Alternative fossil fuel rate (fossil
wastes)[%]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
96Alternative biomass fuel
rate[%]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
96aThermal substitution
rate[%]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
97Specific power consumption[kWh/t
cement]90.64131.87144.50134.13123.42133.01107.02135.86137.22132.15121.18124.33113.60105.46111.46108.78112.55121.59123.19117.59109.35114.18119.44119.44119.44119.44119.44119.44119.44
KILN FUELS - DETAILED INFORMATION
Kiln Fuel Consumption in tonnes per
year19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
101Traditional (fossil) fuels
102coal + anthracite + waste
coal[t/yr]123,846156,84296,288102,442121,887131,930104,698100,976103,82896,949106,11692,35697,050134,783140,294151,238148,378152,132131,490143,249147,550123,747120,521120,846126,663130,003143,533158,473259,991
103petrol coke[t/yr]00000000000000000000
104(ultra) heavy fuel[t/yr]00000000000000000000
105diesel
oil[t/yr]000000000000000500000327302290291305313346382626
106natural gas[1000 Nm3/yr]00000000000000000000
diff107shale[t/yr]00000000000000000000
diff107alignite[t/yr]00000000000000000000
108Alternative fossil fuels
109waste oil[t/yr]00000000000000000000
110tyres[t/yr]00000000000000000000
111plastics[t/yr]00000000000000000000
112solvents[t/yr]00000000000000000000
diff113impregnated saw dust[t/yr]00000000000000000000
new113amixed industrial waste[t/yr]00000000000000000000
114other fossil based wastes[t/yr]00000000000000081000
115Alternative biomass fuels
116dried sewage sludge[t/yr]00000000000000000000
117wood, non impregnated saw dust[t/yr]00000000000000000000
diff118paper, carton, diaper waste[t/yr]00000000000000000000
119animal meal[t/yr]00000000000000000000
new119aanimal fat[t/yr]00000000000000000000
diff120agricultural, organic,
charcoal[t/yr]00000000000000000000
120aother biomass[t/yr]00000000000000000000
Fuel Lower Heating
Values19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
131Traditional (fossil) fuels
132coal + anthracite + waste
coal[GJ/t]26.826.926.927.027.127.126.526.726.626.826.926.626.626.426.426.326.626.925.825.725.125.525.525.525.525.525.525.525.5
133petrol
coke[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
134(ultra) heavy
fuel[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
135diesel
oil[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.043.30.00.00.00.046.346.146.146.146.146.146.146.146.1
136natural gas[GJ/1000
Nm3]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
137shale[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
137alignite[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
138Alternative fossil fuels
139waste
oil[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
140tyres[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
141plastics[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
142solvents[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
143impregnated saw
dust[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
143amixed industrial
waste[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
144other fossil based
wastes[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.015.40.00.00.027.920.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.0
145Alternative biomass fuels
146dried sewage
sludge[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
147wood, non impregnated saw
dust[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
148paper, carton, diaper
waste[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
149animal
meal[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
149aanimal
fat[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
150agricultural, organic,
charcoal[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
150aother
biomass[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
Kiln Fuel Consumption in terajoules (TJ) per
year19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
161Traditional (fossil)
fuels[TJ/yr]3,3234,2172,5882,7643,2993,5752,7742,6982,7572,5932,8502,4532,5783,5583,7033,9803,9514,0923,3983,6753,7163,1693,0873,0953,2443,3303,6764,0596,659
162coal + anthracite + waste
coal[TJ/yr]3,3234,2172,5882,7643,2993,5752,7742,6982,7572,5932,8502,4532,5783,5583,7033,9783,9514,0923,3983,6753,7013,1563,0733,0823,2303,3153,6604,0416,630
163petrol coke[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
164(ultra) heavy fuel[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
165diesel oil[TJ/yr]00000000000000020000151413131414161829
166natural gas[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
167shale[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
167alignite[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
168Alternative fossil
fuels[TJ/yr]00000000000000010000000000000
169waste oil[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
170tyres[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
171plastics[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
172solvents[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
173impregnated saw dust[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
173amixed industrial
waste[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
174other fossil based
wastes[TJ/yr]00000000000000010000000000000
175Alternative biomass
fuels[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
176dried sewage sludge[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
177wood, non impregnated saw
dust[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
178paper, carton, diaper
waste[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
179animal meal[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
179aanimal fat[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
180agricultural, organic,
charcoal[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
180aother biomass[TJ/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
CO2 Emission Factors of Kiln Fuels (per lower heating
value)19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
131EFTraditional (fossil) fuels
132EFcoal + anthracite + waste coal[kg
CO2/GJ]96.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.094.594.594.594.594.594.594.594.594.5
133EFpetrol coke[kg
CO2/GJ]92.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.8
134EF(ultra) heavy fuel[kg
CO2/GJ]77.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.3
135EFdiesel oil[kg
CO2/GJ]74.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.0
136EFnatural gas[kg
CO2/GJ]56.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.1
137EFshale[kg
CO2/GJ]107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0107.0
137aEFlignite[kg
CO2/GJ]101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0101.0
138EFAlternative fossil fuels
139EFwaste oil[kg
CO2/GJ]74.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.0
140EFtyres[kg
CO2/GJ]85.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.085.0
141EFplastics[kg
CO2/GJ]75.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.0
142EFsolvents[kg
CO2/GJ]74.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.0
143EFimpregnated saw dust[kg
CO2/GJ]75.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.075.0
143aEFmixed industrial waste[kg
CO2/GJ]83.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.083.0
144EFother fossil based wastes[kg
CO2/GJ]80.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.077.180.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.080.0
145EFAlternative biomass fuels
146EFdried sewage sludge[kg
CO2/GJ]110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110
147EFwood, non impregnated saw dust[kg
CO2/GJ]110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110
148EFpaper, carton, diaper waste[kg
CO2/GJ]110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110
149EFanimal meal[kg
CO2/GJ]8989898989898989898989898989898989898989898989898989898989
149aEFanimal fat[kg
CO2/GJ]8989898989898989898989898989898989898989898989898989898989
150EFagricultural, organic, charcoal[kg
CO2/GJ]110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110
150aEFother biomass[kg
CO2/GJ]110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110110
CO2 Emissions from Kiln
Fuels19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
211Traditional (fossil) fuels[t
CO2/yr]318,976404,848248,423265,313316,715343,229266,352259,016264,637248,965273,626235,486247,454341,555355,467382,006379,325392,865326,179352,818350,824299,229291,415292,201306,267314,342347,059383,182628,650
212coal + anthracite + waste coal[t
CO2/yr]318,976404,848248,423265,313316,715343,229266,352259,016264,637248,965273,626235,486247,454341,555355,467381,845379,325392,865326,179352,818349,702298,199290,425291,208305,226313,274345,880381,879626,513
213petrol coke[t CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
214(ultra) heavy fuel[t CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
215diesel oil[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000016100001,1211,0309919931,0411,0681,1801,3022,137
216natural gas[t CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
217shale[t CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
217alignite[t CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
218Alternative fossil fuels[t
CO2/yr]0000000000000001000000000000000
219waste oil[t CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
220tyres[t CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
221plastics[t CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
222solvents[t CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
223impregnated saw dust[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
223amixed industrial waste[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
224other fossil based wastes[t
CO2/yr]0000000000000001000000000000000
225Alternative biomass fuels[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
226dried sewage sludge[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
227wood, non impregnated saw dust[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
228paper, carton, diaper waste[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
229animal meal[t CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
229aanimal fat[t CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
230agricultural, organic, charcoal[t
CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
230aother biomass[t CO2/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
NON-KILN FUELS - DETAILED INFORMATION
Non-Kiln Fuel Consumption in tonnes per
year19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
301Equipment and on-site vehicles
301adiesel
oil[t/yr]3803803803803803803803803803803803805965307117401,1111,0527176931,0659709679691,0161,0431,1511,2712,086
301bgasoline[t/yr]00000000000090000000
302Room heating and cooling
302adiesel oil[t/yr]00000000000000000000
302bnatural gas[1000 Nm3/yr]00000000000000000000
303Drying of raw materials and mineral components
303acoal + anthracite + waste coal[t/yr]00000000000000000000
303bpetrol coke[t/yr]00000000000000000000
303c(ultra) heavy fuel[t/yr]00000000000000000000
303ddiesel oil[t/yr]00000000000000000000
303enatural gas[1000 Nm3/yr]00000000000000000000
diff303fshale[t/yr]00000000000000000000
new303glignite[t/yr]00000000000000000000
new303hbiomass fuels[t/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
304On-site power generation
304acoal + anthracite + waste coal[t/yr]00000000000000000000
new304a1petrol coke[t/yr]00000000000000000000
304b(ultra) heavy fuel[t/yr]00000000000000000000
304cdiesel oil[t/yr]00000000000000000000
304dnatural gas[1000 Nm3/yr]00000000000000000000
new304d1shale[t/yr]00000000000000000000
new304d2lignite[t/yr]00000000000000000000
304ebiomass fuels[t/yr]00000000000000000000000000000
i
Fuel Lower Heating
Values19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
311Equipment and on-site vehicles
311adiesel
oil[GJ/t]43.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.343.3
311bgasoline[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.044.80.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
312Room heating and cooling
312adiesel
oil[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.043.3
312bnatural gas[GJ/1000
Nm3]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
313Drying of raw materials and mineral components
313acoal + anthracite + waste
coal[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
313bpetrol
coke[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
313c(ultra) heavy
fuel[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
313ddiesel
oil[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
313enatural gas[GJ/1000
Nm3]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
313fshale[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
313glignite[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
313hbiomass
fuels[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
314On-site power generation
314acoal + anthracite + waste
coal[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
new314a1petrol
coke[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
314b(ultra) heavy
fuel[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
314cdiesel
oil[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
314dnatural gas[GJ/1000
Nm3]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
314d1shale[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
314d2lignite[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
314ebiomass
fuels[GJ/t]0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
CO2 Emission Factors of Non-Kiln Fuels (per lower heating
value)19901991199219931994199519961997199819992000200120022003200420052006200720082009201020112012201320142015202020252050
311EFEquipment and on-site vehicles
311aEFdiesel oil[kg
CO2/GJ]74.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.0
311bEFgasoline[kg
CO2/GJ]69.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.269.2
312EFRoom heating and cooling
312aEFdiesel oil[kg
CO2/GJ]74.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.0
312bEFnatural gas[kg
CO2/GJ]56.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.1
313EFDrying of raw materials and mineral components
313aEFcoal + anthracite + waste coal[kg
CO2/GJ]96.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.096.094.594.594.594.594.594.594.594.594.5
313bEFpetrol coke[kg
CO2/GJ]92.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.892.8
313cEF(ultra) heavy fuel[kg
CO2/GJ]77.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.377.3
313dEFdiesel oil[kg
CO2/GJ]74.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.074.0
313eEFnatural gas[kg
CO2/GJ]56.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156.156
