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Recruitment, Recruitment, Conscription, Conscription, Censorship and Censorship and Propaganda in Germany Propaganda in Germany Recruitment & Conscription Recruitment & Conscription Censorship Censorship Propaganda Propaganda

Recruitment, Conscription, Censorship and Propaganda in Germany Recruitment & Conscription Recruitment & Conscription Recruitment & Conscription Censorship

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Page 1: Recruitment, Conscription, Censorship and Propaganda in Germany  Recruitment & Conscription Recruitment & Conscription Recruitment & Conscription  Censorship

Recruitment, Recruitment, Conscription, Conscription,

Censorship and Censorship and Propaganda in Propaganda in

GermanyGermanyRecruitment & Conscription Recruitment & Conscription CensorshipCensorshipPropagandaPropaganda

Page 2: Recruitment, Conscription, Censorship and Propaganda in Germany  Recruitment & Conscription Recruitment & Conscription Recruitment & Conscription  Censorship

Recruitment & ConRecruitment & Conscriptionscription

Germany at the time of the start of World War One did not Germany at the time of the start of World War One did not have the need for recruitment as conscription had been an have the need for recruitment as conscription had been an

accepted part of German society for decades prior to accepted part of German society for decades prior to 1914. When war broke out on the western front 1914. When war broke out on the western front

conscription was not needed by the German army as conscription was not needed by the German army as there was an influx of young men in search for adventure, there was an influx of young men in search for adventure,

excitement, patriotic duty and the desire to impress.excitement, patriotic duty and the desire to impress.

Source One

Source Two

Source Three

Source Four

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Recruitment & ConscriptioRecruitment & Conscriptionn

The photograph on the The photograph on the right creates a visual right creates a visual image of the first image of the first impressions of war within impressions of war within Germany. It emphasizes Germany. It emphasizes the initial feelings towards the initial feelings towards the war and how the the war and how the German people German people responded to those responded to those soldiers who chose to soldiers who chose to fight for their country.fight for their country.

‘‘GERMAN CROWDS GERMAN CROWDS CHEERING TROOPS.’CHEERING TROOPS.’

‘World War One: From Sarajevo to Versailles’

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Recruitment & Recruitment & ConscriptionConscription

‘Whilst in many countries orders were put out for recruitment, Germany already had conscription in place. This image shows the lines of conscripted men marching through the streets, alongside women as they marched on to fight the war.

GERMAN TROOPS HEADING OFF TO

WAR’

‘World War One: From Sarajevo to Versailles’

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Recruitment & Recruitment & ConscriptionConscription

‘‘HELP HELP US US WIN”WIN”

This World War One German poster is aiming to entice soldiers and soften the attitudes towards conscription throughout Germany. It is calling all citizens to ‘Help Us Win!’. It also strives to portray the government desire to boost the morale of German soldiers.

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.earthstation1.com/Warposters/jckaelin/

Help_Us_Win!_jk.jpg&imgrefurl=

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Recruitment & ConscriptioRecruitment & Conscriptionn

One famous picture taken in One famous picture taken in Munich city centre on 1 August Munich city centre on 1 August shows a joyous crowd cheering shows a joyous crowd cheering after a young army officer after a young army officer publicly announces the publicly announces the declaration of war on Russia. In declaration of war on Russia. In contrast, the crowd in the contrast, the crowd in the photograph, appears more photograph, appears more subdued by the turn of events. subdued by the turn of events. Many Germans, as local police Many Germans, as local police reports from this period reports from this period illustrate, greeted the outbreak illustrate, greeted the outbreak of war with a sense of of war with a sense of foreboding. foreboding.

‘KAISER”S MOBILISATION

ORDERS’

http://www.worldwar1.com/foto/fww0101.jpg&imgrefurl=

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CensorshipCensorship

Before 1914 the German government kept tight Before 1914 the German government kept tight control of all press. Newspapers had not been control of all press. Newspapers had not been able to openly discuss the reasons for war. It able to openly discuss the reasons for war. It

was not only information from the front that was was not only information from the front that was held from the public view after the war broke out held from the public view after the war broke out but the German people were never told about but the German people were never told about

peace demonstrations, international peace peace demonstrations, international peace efforts or low morale, casualties and desertions efforts or low morale, casualties and desertions

on the western front. on the western front.

Source ThreeSource One

Source Two

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CensorshipCensorship

““Although the German General Staff had Although the German General Staff had intensified its intelligence activities prior to intensified its intelligence activities prior to 1914, its preparations for war proved to be 1914, its preparations for war proved to be insufficient after the beginning of the war. insufficient after the beginning of the war.

Before the war, Department IIIb of the Before the war, Department IIIb of the General Staff had almost exclusively dealt General Staff had almost exclusively dealt with espionage and counter-espionage. By with espionage and counter-espionage. By the armistice its tasks by far exceeded this: the armistice its tasks by far exceeded this:

in addition to being an espionage and in addition to being an espionage and counter-espionage political police, a counter-espionage political police, a

censorship and propaganda authority, [and] censorship and propaganda authority, [and] it issued identity cards and organized postal it issued identity cards and organized postal censorship." service, by 1918 it also was acensorship." service, by 1918 it also was a

EXTRACT: “TOTAL WAR-TOTAL CONTROL?”

This extract is by Altenhöner, Florian and briefly describes the progression of German censorship during the war. This extract also explains the reasoning behind the restrictions and how it formed into its later stages.

http://intellit.muskingum.edu/germany_folder/germanywwia-e.html

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CensorshipCensorship

The markings on this The markings on this letter are all the different letter are all the different symbols of German symbols of German censorship. The markings censorship. The markings are all from the various are all from the various offices that the letter had offices that the letter had gone through.gone through.Lower left-parcel Lower left-parcel censorshipcensorshipUpper left-examinedUpper left-examinedMiddle top- Censorship Middle top- Censorship placeplace

DOMESTIC REGISTERED LETTER

http://phist.webpark.cz/cen/cen1.htm

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CensorshipCensorship

MEANINGSMEANINGSBottomBottom- pass on- pass onTopTop- censorship place- censorship placeMiddleMiddle- back only openly permissible- back only openly permissible

These three minor sources are different These three minor sources are different stamps that were used by the German stamps that were used by the German censorship offices as symbols to show that censorship offices as symbols to show that mail had been through censorship mail had been through censorship programs.programs.

GERMAN STAMPS

http://phist.webpark.cz/cen/cen1.htm

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German propaganda in many ways followed the German propaganda in many ways followed the British propaganda campaigns but with it’s own British propaganda campaigns but with it’s own

little kicks of individualism. One of the major little kicks of individualism. One of the major differences was that Germany did not have to differences was that Germany did not have to promote recruitment. Taking on an anti-British promote recruitment. Taking on an anti-British

tone the German people were encouraged tone the German people were encouraged through propaganda to hate the English. German through propaganda to hate the English. German propaganda also worked to justify the actions of propaganda also worked to justify the actions of

the German government.the German government.

PropagandaPropaganda

Source Two

Source One Source Three

Source Four

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PropagandaPropaganda

““the Germans use paper the Germans use paper balloons in large balloons in large quantities…they consist of quantities…they consist of flysheets in bad English flysheets in bad English announcing German announcing German successes on other successes on other fronts…boasts of the fronts…boasts of the results of the U-boat results of the U-boat campaign.”campaign.”

Source A describes the German Propaganda and the methods that were used to lower morale on the western front. These methods were targeted at the allied troops in order to drain the Allied morale and is cleverly conducted so to contain inflammatory political matters in order to do so.

Source A

http://www.psywarrior.com/GermanWWIPSYOP.html

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PropagandaPropagandaThe German poster ‘It’s their The German poster ‘It’s their fault’ illustrates the German fault’ illustrates the German media and it’s reliance on media and it’s reliance on blaming the war on Britain and blaming the war on Britain and the allied forces. The poster is the allied forces. The poster is mainly for the public viewing mainly for the public viewing from the government who had from the government who had strict policies on what could and strict policies on what could and could not be said about the war. could not be said about the war. In order to give reasons for the In order to give reasons for the outbreak of war and gain outbreak of war and gain German support propaganda German support propaganda blaming the allied forces was blaming the allied forces was used all over Germany.used all over Germany.

‘IT”S THEIR FAULT!’

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PropagandaPropaganda

‘‘A CHANT OF HATE AGAINST A CHANT OF HATE AGAINST ENGLAND.’ENGLAND.’

““Come, hear the word, repeat the Come, hear the word, repeat the word,word,Throughout the Fatherland make it Throughout the Fatherland make it heard.heard.We will never forgo our hate,We will never forgo our hate,We have all but a single hate.We have all but a single hate.We love as one, we hate as one, We love as one, we hate as one, We have one foe and one alone- We have one foe and one alone- ENGLAND! …”ENGLAND! …”

This chant, publicized later in the New York Times, 15 October, re-iterates the chant of many German civilians during the war. It demonstrates the great hate that had brewed over the years of the war and clearly symbolizes the outcomes of the various methods of propaganda that had been used.

http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/The_Hasslied

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PropagandaPropaganda

The men depicted in this The men depicted in this photograph on the right are all photograph on the right are all conscripted German soldiers. conscripted German soldiers. The photograph was taken in The photograph was taken in order to reinforce the idea of order to reinforce the idea of high morale and adventure that high morale and adventure that was to be had on the western was to be had on the western front. Whilst the photo was not front. Whilst the photo was not intentionally taken for these intentionally taken for these purposes it was later used to purposes it was later used to promote the war effort and promote the war effort and disguise the real effects of the disguise the real effects of the war.war.

‘GERMAN SOLDIERS ON TRAIN’

www.csustan.edu/.../faculty/weikart/gerhist.htm