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REFRIGERANTS 2
Service and maintenance ban GWP Timing
HFCs 2500 Jan. 2020
‘Placing on the market’ (new equipment) bans
Domestic refrigerators and freezers 150 Jan. 2015
Refrigerators and freezers for commercial use (hermetically sealed systems)
2500 Jan. 2020
Refrigerators and freezers for commercial use (hermetically sealed systems)
150 Jan. 2022
Stationary refrigeration equipment (except equipment for temperatures below -50 deg C
2500 Jan. 2020
Multipack centralized refrigeration systems for commercial use with a capacity of ≥ 40 kW (140 kBTU/hr) (except in the primary refrigerant circuit of cascade systems, where fluorinated greenhouse gases with a GWP of less than 1500 may be used)
150 Jan. 2022
Movable room air-conditioning appliances (hermetically sealed equipment which is movable between rooms by the end user)
150 Jan. 2020
Single split air-conditioning systems containing < 3 kg 750 Jan. 2025
New F-Gas Phase Down And Bans EU Parliament Voting This Month
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
20052010201520202025203020352040204520502055
GW
P W
eig
hte
d C
ap (
% O
f B
ase
line
)
Non A5 Countries (US)
A5 Countries (Asia etc)
F-Gas Baseline 2009-2012
EU – F Gas
2005 2015 2025 2035 2045 2055
We are partnering with customers and EPEE* to enable these changes *EPEE – European Partnership for Energy and the Environment
REFRIGERANTS 3
• US, Canada and Mexico Presenting the North American Proposal Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
• US EPA announced two rulemakings this summer affecting new equipment only – 1st rule: approve new lower GWP fluids, including R32
in specific applications
– 2nd rule: “change status” of R404A in multiplex supermarket refrigeration systems, R134a in auto AC and reach-in coolers (and foam as well)
Refrigerant Related Actions In United States And North America
As a member of the ARAP* and AHRI*, we support actions
to finding answers for these complex problems
* ARAP - Alliance for responsible Atmospheric Policy; AHRI – Air conditioning, Heating, Refrigeration Institute
REFRIGERANTS 4
• Article 5 countries in midst of phasing out HCFCs as part of Montreal Protocol agreement; concerns about global warming effect of HFCs complicates decisions
• A2L and even some A3 applications being launched with success in Asia; recent ISO 5149 passage of A2L requirements will help
• North American Proposal to phase-down HFCs is still under consideration in these countries
• The following factors have to be considered for any action taken on a global basis – (1) existing and growing HCFC/HFC base of equipment (2) increasing energy standards (3) total cost of ownership of equipment (4) training and infrastructure for service and end of life and (5) economic growth
Refrigerant Related Actions In Article 5 Countries
This is an opportunity for component and equipment
manufacturers to work closely and find solutions
REFRIGERANTS 5
Timely A2L Standards Development And Adoption In Codes Critical To Phase-down • ISO 5149 (A2L inclusion)
– Passed on January 13, 2014 – Occupancy category (A, B, or C), location class (I, II, III or
IV), toxicity and flammability of refrigerant determine maximum charge limit
– Lower flammability level (LFL) of refrigerant determines permitted charge; varies by refrigerant
• IEC 60335-2-40 (A2L inclusion) – In development; likely approval in 2015 – Includes ducted products used in the United States (UL)
• IEC 60335-2-89 A2L addition for refrigeration (US) – Working Group #5 formed and started work in 2/2014
Emerson is a member of the working groups developing
these and other refrigerant related standards worldwide
REFRIGERANTS 6
AHRI’s Low GWP Alternative Refrigerant Evaluation Program
• Testing By 21 Companies, 6 Refrigerant Manufacturers, 38 Refrigerant Candidates
• Tests Covered Following Applications
– Air-Conditioners, Heat Pumps, Chillers
– Refrigeration (Commercial Refrigerators, Ice Machines)
– Transport Refrigeration And Bus AC
• In HVAC, R32 And Key R32+HFO Blends Closest In Performance To R410A
PHASE ONE COMPLETE PHASE TWO IN 2014
• 23 New Refrigerant Candidates
– Optimization Of Systems
– Lubrication Improvements
– Broader Operating Range
– High Ambient Performance
Emerson has contributed seven reports to first phase
study and will participate in second phase
Expect more optimized
components and systems
testing instead of just drop-in
REFRIGERANTS 7
• Purpose to promote lower GWP refrigerants for air-conditioning sectors in high-ambient temperature countries
• Assess available technologies including economic comparison of alternative technologies promoting technology transfer
• Alternatives to be tested: R290, R32 and two R22-alternative, development A2L blends of R32/HFOs called DR3 and L20
• Window, decorative, ducted and packaged AC units are some of systems being evaluated
UNEP/UNIDO Sponsored Study Of High Ambient Capable Lower GWP Refrigerants
We have provided 18 scroll samples of various sizes to
equipment manufacturers for this testing
REFRIGERANTS 8
Refrigerants Landscape
R-410A
Like
Capacity
R404A &
R407/22
Like
R134a
Like
GWP Level
400-675
< 1500
~600
150 -
300
R32
HFO 1234yf
HFO 1234ze
R410A
R22
R407A
R407C
R407F
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Pressure
Or
R32/HFC/HFO
Blends
R32/HFO
Blends
HFC/HFO
Blends R134a
CO2
R404A
DR2, N12, ARC 1
R290
NH3
A1 – Non Flammable
A2L – Mildly Flammable
A3 – Flammable
B2L – Toxic, Mildly Flam.
Qualitative Chart –
Not To Scale
R123-Like
(V.Low Pr.)
(3922)
Today’s HFC Refrigerants
R32/HFO
Blends
REFRIGERANTS 9
Options For Air Conditioning Applications
R-410A
Like
Capacity
R404A &
R407/22
Like
R134a
Like
GWP Level
400-675
< 1500
~600
150 -
300
R32
HFO 1234yf
HFO 1234ze
R410A
R22
R407A
R407C
R407F
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Pressure
Or
R32/HFC/HFO
Blends
R32/HFO
Blends
HFC/HFO
Blends R134a
CO2
R404A
DR2, N12, ARC 1
R290
NH3
A1 – Non Flammable
A2L – Mildly Flammable
A3 – Flammable
B2L – Toxic, Mildly Flam.
Qualitative Chart –
Not To Scale
R123-Like
(V.Low Pr.)
(3922)
R32/HFO
Blends
R446A, R447A,…
REFRIGERANTS 10
• R410A, R32 and similar pressure R32+HFO blends will find application in different regions and systems
• In high ambient regions, lower pressure R32+HFO blends may be attractive along with high pressure candidates shown above
• Components and systems can be optimized for each of the candidates to achieve performance targets
Current State For Lower GWP Candidates In Air Conditioning*
* Not meant to be a complete list of options
REFRIGERANTS 11
Options For Refrigeration Applications
R-410A
Like
Capacity
R404A &
R407/22
Like
R134a
Like
GWP Level
400-675
< 1500
~600
150 -
300
R32
HFO 1234yf
HFO 1234ze
R410A
R22
R407A
R407C
R407F
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Pressure
Or
R32/HFC/HFO
Blends
R32/HFO
Blends
HFC/HFO
Blends R134a
CO2
R404A
DR2, N12, ARC 1
R290
NH3
A1 – Non Flammable
A2L – Mildly Flammable
A3 – Flammable
B2L – Toxic, Mildly Flam.
Qualitative Chart –
Not To Scale
R123-Like
(V.Low Pr.)
(3922)
R32/HFO
Blends
R448A, R449A
R450A,..
REFRIGERANTS 12
• R404A, dominant HFC in refrigeration giving way to R407A, R407F (~half GWP and same or better system efficiency) and R134a
• Next generation of lower GWP synthetics like R448A, R449A, R450A are attractive in A1 applications, for service and new
• New A2L synthetics (<300 GWP), R717, R744 and R290 are ideal environmentally friendly choices for right application, system and region
Current State For Lower GWP Candidates In Refrigeration*
* Not meant to be a complete list of options
REFRIGERANTS 13
Three System Architectures Offer Lowest LCCP* Choices In Supermarket Applications
Primary could be HFC, low GWP blend, R717, or R290; applicable to
all climates
* LCCP – Life Cycle Climate Performance
REFRIGERANTS 14
Emerson’s Commitment Seen In Broad Product Offering For Trans-critical R744 Systems
Emerson Offering
• Centralized controller
• Distributed Controller
• Transcritical Compressors
• Subcritical Compressors, Semi & Scroll
• Oil Level Controls
• Compressor VFD
• Condenser Motor VFD
• High Pressure Controller
• Bypass Valve Controller
• High Pressure Valves
• Case Controllers
• Electronic Expansion Valves
• System Protectors
• Pressure Transducers
• Leak Detection
REFRIGERANTS 15
• Refrigerant choices are becoming clear as more information is available and shared
• In HFC phase-down scenario, definition of “Lower GWP” will differ by region and application
• Volunteer working groups are making progress with developing Safety Standards, but, code changes could take longer and that has to be factored in phase-down
• Refrigerant flammability, toxicity, high pressures and technology changes mean more education, training and knowledge sharing for design, installation, use and service of equipment
• In all refrigerant decisions, cannot “abandon” existing and growing base of HCFC/HFC equipment; service and equipment end of life should be major factors
• As new energy saving technologies are developed (electronic valves, controls, low condensing, sub-cooling, economizer, vapor injection etc), they should be deployed for all types of systems to get maximum environmental benefit
Summary